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Xing Z, Zogona D, Wu T, Pan S, Xu X. Applications, challenges and prospects of bionic nose in rapid perception of volatile organic compounds of food. Food Chem 2023; 415:135650. [PMID: 36868065 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Bionic nose, a technology that mimics the human olfactory system, has been widely used to assess food quality due to their high sensitivity, low cost, portability and simplicity. This review briefly describes that bionic noses with multiple transduction mechanisms are developed based on gas molecules' physical properties: electrical conductivity, visible optical absorption, and mass sensing. To enhance their superior sensing performance and meet the growing demand for applications, a range of strategies have been developed, such as peripheral substitutions, molecular backbones, and ligand metals that can finely tune the properties of sensitive materials. In addition, challenges and prospects coexist are covered. Cross-selective receptors of bionic nose will help and guide the selection of the best array for a particular application scenario. It provides an odour-based monitoring tool for rapid, reliable and online assessment of food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China
| | - Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518038, China.
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2
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Aquino A, Mayrink Alves Pereira G, Dossi N, Piccin E, Augusti R. Reagent-Pencil and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Convenient Combination for Selective Analyses in Complex Matrixes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:281-288. [PMID: 33176096 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments on fieldable miniature mass spectrometers require efforts to produce easy-to-use and portable alternative tools to assist in point-of-care analysis. In this paper, the reagent-pencil (RP) technology, which has been used for solvent-free deposition of reagents in paper-based microfluidics, was combined with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS-MS). In this approach, named RP-PS-MS, the PS triangular piece of paper was written with the reagent pencil, consisting of mixtures of graphite and bentonite (used as a support) and a reactive compound, and allowed to react with a given analyte from a sample matrix selectively. We conducted typical applications as proof-of-principles to verify the methodology's general usefulness in detecting small organic molecules in distinct samples. Hence, various aldehydes (2-furaldehyde, valeraldehyde, and benzaldehyde) in spiked cachaça samples (an alcoholic drink produced from fermentation/distillation of sugarcane juice) were promptly detected using a reagent pencil doped with 4-aminophenol (the reactive compound). Similarly, we recognized typical ginsenosides and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in ginseng aqueous infusions and soybean oil samples, respectively, using lithium chloride as the reactive compound. The results indicate that the reagent-pencil methodology is compatible with PS-MS and provides an easy and fast way to detect target analytes in complex samples. The advantage over the usual solution-based deposition of reagents lies in the lack of preparation or carrying different specific solutions for special applications, which can simplify operation, especially in point-of-care analysis with fieldable mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Aquino
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mayrink Alves Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, I-33100, Italy
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, 31270-400, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Electroanalytical cells pencil drawn on PVC supports and their use for the detection in flexible microfluidic devices. Talanta 2019; 199:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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4
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maggie He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Kwon OS, Song HS, Park TH, Jang J. Conducting Nanomaterial Sensor Using Natural Receptors. Chem Rev 2018; 119:36-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Song
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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7
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Loghin FC, Falco A, Albrecht A, Salmerón JF, Becherer M, Lugli P, Rivandeneyra A. A Handwriting Method for Low-Cost Gas Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34683-34689. [PMID: 30148599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on an automated method based on a handwritten technique for the fabrication of low-cost gas sensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. Taking advantage of the inherent low-cost, flexible, and uncomplicated characteristics of pen-based techniques and combining them with an automated robotic system allows for high-resolution patterns, high reproducibility, and relatively high throughput considering the limitations of parallel processing. To showcase this, gas sensors capable of sensing NH3, CO2, CO, and ethanol, as well as temperature and relative humidity, are fabricated and characterized displaying competitive performance in relation to previously reported devices. The presented process is compatible with a variety of solutions and inks and, as such, allows for an easy integration into existing printing and coating frameworks with the greatest advantage being the ease of creating prototypes because of the nonstringent material requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin C Loghin
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Aniello Falco
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Free University of Bozen-Bolzano , 39100 Bozen-Bolzano , Italy
| | - Andreas Albrecht
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - José F Salmerón
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Markus Becherer
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
| | - Paolo Lugli
- Faculty of Science and Technology , Free University of Bozen-Bolzano , 39100 Bozen-Bolzano , Italy
| | - Almudena Rivandeneyra
- Institute for Nanoelectronics , Technische Universität München , 80333 Munich , Germany
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8
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Brus VV, Gluba M, Rappich J, Lang F, Maryanchuk PD, Nickel NH. Fine Art of Thermoelectricity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4737-4742. [PMID: 29334732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of hitherto unknown electrical and thermoelectric properties of graphite pencil traces on paper was carried out by measuring the Hall and Seebeck effects. We show that the combination of pencil-drawn graphite and brush-painted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) films on regular office paper results in extremely simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly thermoelectric power generators with promising output characteristics at low-temperature gradients. The working characteristics can be improved even further by incorporating n-type InSe flakes. The combination of pencil-drawn n-InSe:graphite nanocomposites and brush-painted PEDOT:PSS increases the power output by 1 order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Brus
- Institut für Silizium Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Marc Gluba
- Institut für Silizium Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jörg Rappich
- Institut für Silizium Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Institut für Silizium Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Pavlo D Maryanchuk
- Department of Electronics and Energy Engineering, Chernivtsi National University , Kotsubynskiy 2, Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine
| | - Norbert H Nickel
- Institut für Silizium Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Berlin 12489, Germany
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9
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Ko M, Aykanat A, Smith MK, Mirica KA. Drawing Sensors with Ball-Milled Blends of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Graphite. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2192. [PMID: 28946624 PMCID: PMC5677178 DOI: 10.3390/s17102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthetically tunable properties and intrinsic porosity of conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) make them promising materials for transducing selective interactions with gaseous analytes in an electrically addressable platform. Consequently, conductive MOFs are valuable functional materials with high potential utility in chemical detection. The implementation of these materials, however, is limited by the available methods for device incorporation due to their poor solubility and moderate electrical conductivity. This manuscript describes a straightforward method for the integration of moderately conductive MOFs into chemiresistive sensors by mechanical abrasion. To improve electrical contacts, blends of MOFs with graphite were generated using a solvent-free ball-milling procedure. While most bulk powders of pure conductive MOFs were difficult to integrate into devices directly via mechanical abrasion, the compressed solid-state MOF/graphite blends were easily abraded onto the surface of paper substrates equipped with gold electrodes to generate functional sensors. This method was used to prepare an array of chemiresistors, from four conductive MOFs, capable of detecting and differentiating NH₃, H₂S and NO at parts-per-million concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ko
- Department of Chemistry-Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Aylin Aykanat
- Department of Chemistry-Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Merry K Smith
- Department of Chemistry-Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry-Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Dossi N, Petrazzi S, Toniolo R, Tubaro F, Terzi F, Piccin E, Svigelj R, Bontempelli G. Digitally Controlled Procedure for Assembling Fully Drawn Paper-Based Electroanalytical Platforms. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10454-10460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Dossi
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrazzi
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Tubaro
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Terzi
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Evandro Piccin
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gino Bontempelli
- Department
of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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11
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Zhao H, Zhang T, Qi R, Dai J, Liu S, Fei T. Drawn on Paper: A Reproducible Humidity Sensitive Device by Handwriting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28002-28009. [PMID: 28767212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a kind of full carbon-based humidity sensor fabricated on the paper substrate by handwriting. The electrodes were written by commercial pencils, and the sensitive layer was drawn with an oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (o-MWCNTs) ink marker. The resultant devices exhibit good reproducibility and stability during the dynamic measurement. The response of the optimized paper-based sensor exhibits about five times higher than sensors fabricated on the ceramic substrate, which is owing to the hydrophilic property of the paper substrate. The structure of the sensitive layer formed by dispersing sensitive materials in the porous surface of paper substrates alleviates the inner stress in the process of bending. The response of printing paper-based sensors only shows the 6.7% decay even under an extremely high bending degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Dai
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Characterization of Reagent Pencils for Deposition of Reagents onto Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8080242. [PMID: 30400433 PMCID: PMC6190265 DOI: 10.3390/mi8080242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reagent pencils allow for solvent-free deposition of reagents onto paper-based microfluidic devices. The pencils are portable, easy to use, extend the shelf-life of reagents, and offer a platform for customizing diagnostic devices at the point of care. In this work, reagent pencils were characterized by measuring the wear resistance of pencil cores made from polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with different molecular weights and incorporating various concentrations of three different reagents using a standard pin abrasion test, as well as by measuring the efficiency of reagent delivery from the pencils to the test zones of paper-based microfluidic devices using absorption spectroscopy and digital image colorimetry. The molecular weight of the PEG, concentration of the reagent, and the molecular weight of the reagent were all found to have an inverse correlation with the wear of the pencil cores, but the amount of reagent delivered to the test zone of a device correlated most strongly with the concentration of the reagent in the pencil core. Up to 49% of the total reagent deposited on a device with a pencil was released into the test zone, compared to 58% for reagents deposited from a solution. The results suggest that reagent pencils can be prepared for a variety of reagents using PEGs with molecular weights in the range of 2000 to 6000 g/mol.
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Lee M, Cho D, Kim I, Lee J, Lee JY, Satheeshkumar C, Song C. Cooperative Binding of Metal Cations to a Spiropyran-Conjugated Calix[4]arene. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhe Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Inwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyen Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Chinnadurai Satheeshkumar
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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Fraiwan A, Lee H, Choi S. A paper-based cantilever array sensor: Monitoring volatile organic compounds with naked eye. Talanta 2016; 158:57-62. [PMID: 27343578 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compound (VOC) detection is critical for controlling industrial and commercial emissions, environmental monitoring, and public health. Simple, portable, rapid and low-cost VOC sensing platforms offer the benefits of on-site and real-time monitoring anytime and anywhere. The best and most practically useful approaches to monitoring would include equipment-free and power-free detection by the naked eye. In this work, we created a novel, paper-based cantilever sensor array that allows simple and rapid naked-eye VOC detection without the need for power, electronics or readout interface/equipment. This simple VOC detection method was achieved using (i) low-cost paper materials as a substrate and (ii) swellable thin polymers adhered to the paper. Upon exposure to VOCs, the polymer swelling adhered to the paper-based cantilever, inducing mechanical deflection that generated a distinctive composite pattern of the deflection angles for a specific VOC. The angle is directly measured by the naked eye on a 3-D protractor printed on a paper facing the cantilevers. The generated angle patterns are subjected to statistical algorithms (linear discriminant analysis (LDA)) to classify each VOC sample and selectively detect a VOC. We classified four VOC samples with 100% accuracy using LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Fraiwan
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Hankeun Lee
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Seokheun Choi
- Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, State University of New York-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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15
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Kanaparthi S, Badhulika S. Eco-friendly all-carbon paper electronics fabricated by a solvent-free drawing method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:095206. [PMID: 26854529 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/9/095206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the fabrication of high-performance all-carbon temperature and infrared (IR) sensors with a solvent-free multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) trace as the sensing element and commercial graphite pencil trace as the electrical contact on recyclable and biodegradable cellulose filter paper without using any toxic materials or complex procedures. The temperature sensor shows a large negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) in the range of -3100 ppm K(-1) to -4900 ppm K(-1), which is comparable to available commercial temperature sensors, and an activation energy of 34.85 meV. The IR sensor shows a high responsivity of 58.5 V W(-1), which is greater than reported IR sensors with similar dimensions. A detailed study of the conduction mechanism in MWCNTs with temperature and the photo response with IR illumination was done and it was found that the conduction is due to thermally assisted hopping in band tails and the photo response is bolometric in nature. The successful fabrication of these sensors on cellulose filter paper with a comparable performance to existing components indicates that it is possible to fabricate high-performance electronics using low-cost, eco-friendly materials without the need for expensive clean-room processing techniques or harmful chemicals.
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16
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Kanaparthi S, Badhulika S. Solvent-free fabrication of paper based all-carbon disposable multifunctional sensors and passive electronic circuits. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Bodnaryk WJ, Rice NA, Adronov A. Influence of regiochemistry in the selective dispersion of metallic carbon nanotubes using electron poor conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitration of a poly(fluorene-co-phenylene) backbone influences its selectivity for semiconducting versus metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes, and the regiochemistry of the nitro group has a significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Bodnaryk
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - N. A. Rice
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - A. Adronov
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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18
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Weis JG, Ravnsbæk JB, Mirica KA, Swager TM. Employing Halogen Bonding Interactions in Chemiresistive Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Weis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jens B. Ravnsbæk
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Dossi N, Terzi F, Piccin E, Toniolo R, Bontempelli G. Rapid Prototyping of Sensors and Conductive Elements by Day-to-Day Writing Tools and Emerging Manufacturing Technologies. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chagas CLS, Costa Duarte L, Lobo-Júnior EO, Piccin E, Dossi N, Coltro WKT. Hand drawing of pencil electrodes on paper platforms for contactless conductivity detection of inorganic cations in human tear samples using electrophoresis chips. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1837-44. [PMID: 25929980 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes for the first time the fabrication of pencil drawn electrodes (PDE) on paper platforms for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4) D) on electrophoresis microchips. PDE-C(4) D devices were attached on PMMA electrophoresis chips and used for detection of K(+) and Na(+) in human tear samples. PDE-C(4) D devices were produced on office paper and chromatographic paper platforms and their performance were thoroughly investigated using a model mixture containing K(+) , Na(+) , and Li(+) . In comparison with chromatographic paper, PDE-C(4) D fabricated on office paper has exhibited better performance due to its higher electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the detector response was similar to that recorded with electrodes prepared with copper adhesive tape. The fabrication of PDE-C(4) D on office paper has offered great advantages including extremely low cost (< $ 0.004 per unit), reduced fabrication time (< 5 min), and minimal instrumentation (pencil and paper). The proposed electrodes demonstrated excellent analytical performance with good reproducibility. For an inter-PDE comparison (n = 7), the RSD values for migration time, peak area, and separation efficiency were lower than 2.5, 10.5, and 14%, respectively. The LOD's achieved for K(+) , Na(+) , and Li(+) were 4.9, 6.8, and 9.0 μM, respectively. The clinical feasibility of the proposed approach was successfully demonstrated with the quantitative analysis of K(+) and Na(+) in tear samples. The concentration levels found for K(+) and Na(+) were, respectively, 20.8 ± 0.1 mM and 101.2 ± 0.1 mM for sample #1, and 20.4 ± 0.1 mM and 111.4 ± 0.1 mM for sample #2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyro L S Chagas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lucas Costa Duarte
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Piccin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nicolò Dossi
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Bandodkar AJ, Jia W, Ramírez J, Wang J. Biocompatible enzymatic roller pens for direct writing of biocatalytic materials: "do-it-yourself" electrochemical biosensors. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1215-24. [PMID: 25721554 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of enzymatic-ink-based roller pens for direct drawing of biocatalytic sensors, in general, and for realizing renewable glucose sensor strips, in particular, is described. The resulting enzymatic-ink pen allows facile fabrication of high-quality inexpensive electrochemical biosensors of any design by the user on a wide variety of surfaces having complex textures with minimal user training. Unlike prefabricated sensors, this approach empowers the end user with the ability of "on-demand" and "on-site" designing and fabricating of biocatalytic sensors to suit their specific requirement. The resulting devices are thus referred to as "do-it-yourself" sensors. The bio-active pens produce highly reproducible biocatalytic traces with minimal edge roughness. The composition of the new enzymatic inks has been optimized for ensuring good biocatalytic activity, electrical conductivity, biocompati-bility, reproducible writing, and surface adherence. The resulting inks are characterized using spectroscopic, viscometric, electrochemical, thermal and microscopic techniques. Applicability to renewable blood glucose testing, epidermal glucose monitoring, and on-leaf phenol detection are demonstrated in connection to glucose oxidase and tyrosinase-based carbon inks. The "do-it-yourself" renewable glucose sensor strips offer a "fresh," reproducible, low-cost biocatalytic sensor surface for each blood test. The ability to directly draw biocatalytic conducting traces even on unconventional surfaces opens up new avenues in various sensing applications in low-resource settings and holds great promise for diverse healthcare, environmental, and defense domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Wenzhao Jia
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Julian Ramírez
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Mitchell HT, Noxon IC, Chaplan CA, Carlton SJ, Liu CH, Ganaja KA, Martinez NW, Immoos CE, Costanzo PJ, Martinez AW. Reagent pencils: a new technique for solvent-free deposition of reagents onto paper-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2213-20. [PMID: 25851055 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Custom-made pencils containing reagents dispersed in a solid matrix were developed to enable rapid and solvent-free deposition of reagents onto membrane-based fluidic devices. The technique is as simple as drawing with the reagent pencils on a device. When aqueous samples are added to the device, the reagents dissolve from the pencil matrix and become available to react with analytes in the sample. Colorimetric glucose assays conducted on devices prepared using reagent pencils had comparable accuracy and precision to assays conducted on conventional devices prepared with reagents deposited from solution. Most importantly, sensitive reagents, such as enzymes, are stable in the pencils under ambient conditions, and no significant decrease in the activity of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase stored in a pencil was observed after 63 days. Reagent pencils offer a new option for preparing and customizing diagnostic tests at the point of care without the need for specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydn T Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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Brus VV, Maryanchuk PD, Kovalyuk ZD, Abashyn SL. 2D nanocomposite photoconductive sensors fully dry drawn on regular paper. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:255501. [PMID: 26023994 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/25/255501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a new type of low-cost and environmentally friendly photoconductive sensor, based on GaSe/graphite nanocomposite fully dry drawn on paper. The proposed fully-drawn nanocomposite sensors successfully utilize the unique combination of structural and electrical properties of a layered semiconductor and graphite. In spite of the relatively pure photosensitivity of the proposed photodetectors, we believe that this work is the first step for the further development and enhancement of extremely simple and low-cost paper-based dry drawn layered semiconductor/graphite nanocomposite sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Brus
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CA 93106, USA
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