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Helmi YY, Papenkordt N, Rennar G, Gbahou F, El-Hady AK, Labani N, Schmidtkunz K, Boettcher S, Jockers R, Abdel-Halim M, Jung M, Zlotos DP. Melatonin-vorinostat hybrid ligands show higher histone deacetylase and cancer cell growth inhibition than vorinostat. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300149. [PMID: 37339785 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drug conjugates are an emerging approach for future cancer treatment. Here, we report a series of hybrid ligands merging the neurohormone melatonin with the approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, using melatonin's amide side chain (3a-e), its indolic nitrogen (5a-d), and its ether oxygen (7a-d) as attachment points. Several hybrid ligands showed higher potency thanvorinostat in both HDAC inhibition and cellular assays on different cultured cancer cell lines. In the most potent HDAC1 and HDAC6 inhibitors, 3e, 5c, and 7c, the hydroxamic acid moiety of vorinostat is linked to melatonin through a hexamethylene spacer. Hybrid ligands 5c and 7c were also found to be potent growth inhibitors of MCF-7, PC-3M-Luc, and HL-60 cancer cell lines. As these compounds showed only weak agonist activity at melatonin MT1 receptors, the findings indicate that their anticancer actions are driven by HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Y Helmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Niklas Papenkordt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rennar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florence Gbahou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed K El-Hady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capitol, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nedjma Labani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Boettcher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Roy R, Ria T, RoyMahaPatra D, Sk UH. Single Inhibitors versus Dual Inhibitors: Role of HDAC in Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16532-16544. [PMID: 37214715 PMCID: PMC10193415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the multimodal character of cancer, inhibition of two targets simultaneously by a single molecule is a beneficial and effective approach against cancer. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) was widely investigated as a novel category of anticancer drug targets due to its crucial role in various biological processes like cell-proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Numerous HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat and panobinostat are clinically approved but have limited usage due to their low efficacy, nonselectivity, drug resistance, and toxicity. Therefore, HDACs with a dual targeting ability have attracted great attention. The strategy of combining a HDAC inhibitor with other antitumor agents has been proved advantageous for combating the nonselectivity and drug resistivity problems associated with single-target drugs. Henceforth, we have highlighted dual-targeting inhibitors to target HDAC along with topoisomerase, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the zeste homolog 2 enzyme. Our Review mainly focuses on the impact of the substituent effect along with the linker variation of well-known HDAC-inhibitor-conjugated anticancer drugs.
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3
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Lee S, Wang SW, Yu CL, Tai HC, Yen JY, Tuan YL, Wang HH, Liu YT, Chen SS, Lee HY. Effect of phenylurea hydroxamic acids on histone deacetylase and VEGFR-2. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116454. [PMID: 34634618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of phenylurea hydroxamic acids incorporating pharmacophores of inhibitors of HDAC inhibitors and VEGFR-2 has been designed. Most of the compounds show antiproliferative activity comparable to that of Vorinostat and Sorafenib, and better EPC inhibitory activity. Enzymatic assays and Western blotting results indicated that compound 14 not only inhibits HDAC but also has slight VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. A docking study revealed that the polar hydroxamic acid retains the interaction with HDAC through a zinc ion and also interacts with some residues of the active site of VEGFR-2. Despite 14 displaying a weaker VEGFR-2 activity, a possible route to develop potent HDAC/VEGFR-2 inhibitors is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ching Tai
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Yu Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lien Tuan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hsiao Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Zhong Xiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Commission for General Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Ling Y, Liu J, Qian J, Meng C, Guo J, Gao W, Xiong B, Ling C, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in Multi-target Drugs Targeting Protein Kinases and Histone Deacetylases in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7264-7288. [PMID: 31894740 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200102115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein Kinase Inhibitors (PKIs) and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACIs) are two important classes of anticancer agents and have provided a variety of small molecule drugs for the treatment of various types of human cancers. However, malignant tumors are of a multifactorial nature that can hardly be "cured" by targeting a single target, and treatment of cancers hence requires modulation of multiple biological targets to restore the physiological balance and generate sufficient therapeutic efficacy. Multi-target drugs have attracted great interest because of their advantages in the treatment of complex cancers by simultaneously targeting multiple signaling pathways and possibly leading to synergistic effects. Synergistic effects have been observed in the combination of kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, dasatinib, or sorafenib, with an array of HDACIs including vorinostat, romidepsin, or panobinostat. A considerable number of multi-target agents based on PKIs and HDACIs have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the development of multi-target kinase-HDAC inhibitors and provide our view on the challenges and future directions on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Changchun Ling
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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5
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Anticancer properties of chimeric HDAC and kinase inhibitors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:472-486. [PMID: 33189849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulators of chromatin condensation and decondensation and exert effects on the proliferation and spread of cancer. Thus, HDAC enzymes are promising drug targets for the treatment of cancer. Some HDAC inhibitors such as the hydroxamic acid derivatives vorinostat or panobinostat were already approved for the treatment of hematologic cancer diseases, and are under intensive investigation for their use in solid tumors. But there are also drawbacks of the clinical application of HDAC inhibitors like intrinsic or acquired drug resistance and, thus, new HDAC inhibitors with improved activities are sought for. Kinase inhibitors are very promising anticancer drugs and often showed synergistic anticancer effects in combination with HDAC inhibitors. Several hybrid molecules with HDAC and kinase inhibitory structural motifs were disclosed with even improved anticancer activities when compared with co-application of HDAC and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Chimeric inhibitors with HDAC inhibitory activities exert a rapidly growing field of research and only in this year several new dual HDAC/kinase inhibitors were disclosed. This review briefly summarizes the status and future perspective of the most advanced and promising dual HDAC/kinase inhibitors and their potential as anticancer drug candidates.
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Bass AKA, El-Zoghbi MS, Nageeb ESM, Mohamed MFA, Badr M, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Comprehensive review for anticancer hybridized multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112904. [PMID: 33077264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the encouraging clinical progress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment, innovation and development of new effective anticancer candidates still represents a challenging endeavor. With 15 million death every year in 2030 according to the estimates, cancer has increased rising of an alarm as a real crisis for public health and health systems worldwide. Therefore, scientist began to introduce innovative solutions to control the cancer global health problem. One of the promising strategies in this issue is the multitarget or smart hybrids having two or more pharmacophores targeting cancer. These rationalized hybrid molecules have gained great interests in cancer treatment as they are capable to simultaneously inhibit more than cancer pathway or target without drug-drug interactions and with less side effects. A prime important example of these hybrids, the HDAC hybrid inhibitors or referred as multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. The ability of HDAC inhibitors to synergistically improve the efficacy of other anti-cancer drugs and moreover, the ease of HDAC inhibitors cap group modification prompt many medicinal chemists to innovate and develop new generation of HDAC hybrid inhibitors. Notably, and during this short period, there are four HDAC inhibitor hybrids have entered different phases of clinical trials for treatment of different types of blood and solid tumors, namely; CUDC-101, CUDC-907, Tinostamustine, and Domatinostat. This review shed light on the most recent hybrids of HDACIs with one or more other cancer target pharmacophore. The designed multitarget hybrids include topoisomerase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide releasers, antiandrogens, FLT3 and JAC-2 inhibitors, PDE5-inhibitors, NAMPT-inhibitors, Protease inhibitors, BRD4-inhibitors and other targets. This review may help researchers in development and discovery of new horizons in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mona S El-Zoghbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - El-Shimaa M Nageeb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh F A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt.
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7
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Vaidya GN, Rana P, Venkatesh A, Chatterjee DR, Contractor D, Satpute DP, Nagpure M, Jain A, Kumar D. Paradigm shift of "classical" HDAC inhibitors to "hybrid" HDAC inhibitors in therapeutic interventions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112844. [PMID: 33143937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Epigenetic' regulation of genes via post-translational modulation of proteins is the current mainstay approach for the disease therapies, particularly explored in the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) class of enzymes. Mainly sight saw in cancer chemotherapeutics, HDAC inhibitors have also found a promising role in other diseases (neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections) and successfully entered in various combination therapies (pre-clinical/clinical stages). The prevalent flexibility in the structural design of HDAC inhibitors makes them easily tuneable to merge with other pharmacophore modules for generating multi-targeted single hybrids as a novel tactic to overcome drawbacks of polypharmacy. Herein, we reviewed the putative role of prevalent HDAC hybrids inhibitors in the current and prospective stage as a translational approach to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional drug candidates (parent molecule) when used either alone (drug resistance, solubility issues, adverse side effects, selectivity profile) or in combination (pharmacokinetic interactions, patient compliance) for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Nikhil Vaidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Rana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashwini Venkatesh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Deep Rohan Chatterjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshan Contractor
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh Parshuram Satpute
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India; Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Khaldoun K, Safer A, Boukabcha N, Dege N, Ruchaud S, Souab M, Bach S, Chouaih A, Saidi-Besbes S. Synthesis and evaluation of new isatin-aminorhodanine hybrids as PIM1 and CLK1 kinase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Luparello C, Asaro DML, Cruciata I, Hassell-Hart S, Sansook S, Spencer J, Caradonna F. Cytotoxic Activity of the Histone Deacetylase 3-Selective Inhibitor Pojamide on MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040804. [PMID: 30781804 PMCID: PMC6412298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the ferrocene-based histone deacetylase-3 inhibitor Pojamide (N1-(2-aminophenyl)-N8-ferrocenyloctanediamide) and its two derivatives N1-(2-aminophenyl)-N6-ferrocenyladipamide and N1-(2-aminophenyl)-N8-ferroceniumoctanediamide tetrafluoroborate on triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Viability/growth assays indicated that only the first two compounds at 70 μM concentration caused an approximate halving of cell number after 24 h of exposure, whereas the tetrafluoroborate derivative exerted no effect on cell survival nor proliferation. Flow cytometric and protein blot analyses were performed on cells exposed to both Pojamide and the ferrocenyladipamide derivative to evaluate cell cycle distribution, apoptosis/autophagy modulation, and mitochondrial metabolic state in order to assess the cellular basis of the cytotoxic effect. The data obtained show that the cytotoxic effect of the two deacetylase inhibitors may be ascribed to the onset of non-apoptotic cell death conceivably linked to a down-regulation of autophagic processes and an impairment of mitochondrial function with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Our work expands the list of autophagy-regulating drugs and also provides a further example of the role played by the inhibition of autophagy in breast cancer cell death. Moreover, the compounds studied may represent attractive and promising targets for subsequent molecular modeling for anti-neoplastic agents in malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Cruciata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Storm Hassell-Hart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Supojjanee Sansook
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Hasan M, Leak RK, Stratford RE, Zlotos DP, Witt‐Enderby PA. Drug conjugates-an emerging approach to treat breast cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00417. [PMID: 29983986 PMCID: PMC6032357 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment using a single drug is associated with a high failure rate due, in part, to the heterogeneity of drug response within individuals, nonspecific target action, drug toxicity, and/or development of resistance. Use of dual-drug therapies, including drug conjugates, may help overcome some of these roadblocks by more selective targeting of the cancer cell and by acting at multiple drug targets rather than one. Drug-conjugate approaches include linking drugs to antibodies (antibody-drug conjugates), radionuclides (radioimmunoconjugates), nanoparticles (nanoparticle-drug conjugates), or to other drugs (drug-drug conjugates). Although all of these conjugates might be designed as effective treatments against breast cancer, the focus of this review will be on drug-drug conjugates because of the increase in versatility of these types of drugs with respect to mode of action at the level of the cancer cell either by creating a novel pharmacophore or by increasing the potency and/or efficacy of the drugs' effects at their respective molecular targets. The development, synthesis, and pharmacological characteristics of drug-drug conjugates will be discussed in the context of breast cancer with the hope of enhancing drug efficacy and reducing toxicities to improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Hasan
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Rehana K. Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Darius P. Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe German University in CairoNew Cairo CityCairoEgypt
| | - Paula A. Witt‐Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social SciencesDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPAUSA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
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11
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Hesham HM, Lasheen DS, Abouzid KA. Chimeric HDAC inhibitors: Comprehensive review on the HDAC-based strategies developed to combat cancer. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:2058-2109. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Hesham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | - Deena S. Lasheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled A.M. Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
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12
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Lineham E, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Spencer J, Morley SJ. Synergistic effects of inhibiting the MNK-eIF4E and PI3K/AKT/ mTOR pathways on cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14148-14159. [PMID: 29581834 PMCID: PMC5865660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key focus in cancer research due to its role in controlling the translation of tumour-associated proteins, that drive an aggressive migratory phenotype. eIF4E is a limiting component of the eIF4F complex which is a critical determinant for the translation of mRNAs. Mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting protein kinases (MNK1/2) phosphorylate eIF4E on Ser209, promoting the expression of oncogenic proteins, whereas mTORC1 phosphorylates and de-activates the eIF4E inhibitor, 4E-BP1, to release translational repression. Here we show that inhibiting these pathways simultaneously effectively slows the rate of cell migration in breast cancer cells. However, a molecular hybridisation approach using novel, cleavable dual MNK1/2 and PI3K/mTOR inhibiting hybrid agents was less effective at slowing cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Lineham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Simon J Morley
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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13
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Ma X, Lv X, Zhang J. Exploiting polypharmacology for improving therapeutic outcome of kinase inhibitors (KIs): An update of recent medicinal chemistry efforts. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:449-463. [PMID: 29202407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacology has been increasingly advocated for the therapeutic intervention in complex pathological conditions, exemplified by cancer. Although kinase inhibitors (KIs) have revolutionized the treatment for certain types of malignancies, some major medical needs remain unmet due to the relentless advance of drug resistance and insufficient efficacy of mono-target KIs. Hence, "multiple targets, multi-dimensional activities" represents an emerging paradigm for innovative anti-cancer drug discovery. Over recent years, considerable leaps have been made in pursuit of kinase-centric polypharmacological anti-cancer therapeutics, providing avenues to tackling the limitation of mono-target KIs. In the review, we summarize the clinically important mechanisms inducing KI resistance and depict a landscape of recent medicinal chemistry efforts on exploring kinase-centric polypharmacological anti-cancer agents that targeting multiple cancer-related processes. In parallel, some inevitable challenges are emphasized for the sake of more accurate and efficient drug discovery in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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Dual abrogation of MNK and mTOR: a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of aggressive cancers. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1539-1555. [PMID: 28841037 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the translational machinery has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Cancer cells require elevated protein synthesis and exhibit augmented activity to meet the increased metabolic demand. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E is necessary for mRNA translation, its availability and phosphorylation are regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MNK1/2 pathways. The phosphorylated form of eIF4E drives the expression of oncogenic proteins including those involved in metastasis. In this article, we will review the role of eIF4E in cancer, its regulation and discuss the benefit of dual inhibition of upstream pathways. The discernible interplay between the MNK and mTOR signaling pathways provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to target aggressive migratory cancers through the development of hybrid molecules.
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15
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de Lera AR, Ganesan A. Epigenetic polypharmacology: from combination therapy to multitargeted drugs. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:105. [PMID: 27752293 PMCID: PMC5062873 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern drug discovery process has largely focused its attention in the so-called magic bullets, single chemical entities that exhibit high selectivity and potency for a particular target. This approach was based on the assumption that the deregulation of a protein was causally linked to a disease state, and the pharmacological intervention through inhibition of the deregulated target was able to restore normal cell function. However, the use of cocktails or multicomponent drugs to address several targets simultaneously is also popular to treat multifactorial diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. We review the state of the art with such combinations that have an epigenetic target as one of their mechanisms of action. Epigenetic drug discovery is a rapidly advancing field, and drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes are in the clinic for the treatment of hematological cancers. Approved and experimental epigenetic drugs are undergoing clinical trials in combination with other therapeutic agents via fused or linked pharmacophores in order to benefit from synergistic effects of polypharmacology. In addition, ligands are being discovered which, as single chemical entities, are able to modulate multiple epigenetic targets simultaneously (multitarget epigenetic drugs). These multiple ligands should in principle have a lower risk of drug-drug interactions and drug resistance compared to cocktails or multicomponent drugs. This new generation may rival the so-called magic bullets in the treatment of diseases that arise as a consequence of the deregulation of multiple signaling pathways provided the challenge of optimization of the activities shown by the pharmacophores with the different targets is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
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16
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Biological Effect of a Hybrid Anticancer Agent Based on Kinase and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Triple-Negative (MDA-MB231) Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081235. [PMID: 27483253 PMCID: PMC5000633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) combined with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1/2 inhibitor (3Z)-5-hydroxy-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (triple-negative) in the form of both a cocktail of the separate compounds and a chemically synthesized hybrid (N-hydroxy-N'-[(3Z)-2-oxo-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl]octanediamide). Comparative flow cytometric and Western blot analyses were performed on cocktail- and hybrid-treated cells to evaluate cell cycle distribution, autophagy/apoptosis modulation, and mitochondrial metabolic state in order to understand the cellular basis of the cytotoxic effect. Cell cycle analysis showed a perturbation of the rate of progression through the cycle, with aspects of redistribution of cells over different cycle phases for the two treatments. In addition, the results suggest that the two distinct classes of compounds under investigation could induce cell death by different preferential pathways, i.e., autophagy inhibition (the cocktail) or apoptosis promotion (the hybrid), thus confirming the enhanced potential of the hybrid approach vs. the combination approach in finely tuning the biological activities of target cells and also showing the hybrid compound as an additional promising drug-like molecule for the prevention or therapy of “aggressive” breast carcinoma.
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Shah S, Lee C, Choi H, Gautam J, Jang H, Kim GJ, Lee YJ, Chaudhary CL, Park SW, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. 5-Hydroxy-7-azaindolin-2-one, a novel hybrid of pyridinol and sunitinib: design, synthesis and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4829-4841. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of hybrid compounds of pyridinol and sunitinib and their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines and improved safety windows are described.
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18
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-phenylquinazolin-4-amine hybrids as dual inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and HDAC. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 109:1-12. [PMID: 26741358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A single agent that simultaneously inhibits multiple targets may offer greater therapeutic benefits in cancer than single-acting agents through interference with multiple pathways and potential synergistic action. In this work, a series of hybrids bearing N-phenylquinazolin-4-amine and hydroxamic acid moieties were designed and identified as dual VEGFR-2/HDAC inhibitors. Compound 6fd exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against HDAC with IC50 of 2.2 nM and strong inhibitory effect against VEGFR-2 with IC50 of 74 nM. It also showed the most potent inhibitory activity against a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.85 μM. Docking simulation supported the initial pharmacophoric hypothesis and suggested a common mode of interaction at the active binding sites of VEGFR-2 and HDLP ((Histone Deacetylase-Like Protein), which demonstrates that compound 6fd is a potential agent for cancer therapy deserving further researching.
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Musso L, Dallavalle S, Zunino F. Perspectives in the development of hybrid bifunctional antitumour agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:297-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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