1
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Ghosh T, Mondal S, Maiti R, Nawaz SM, Ghosh NN, Dinda E, Biswas A, Maity SK, Mallik A, Maiti DK. Complementary amide-based donor-acceptor with unique nano-scale aggregation, fluorescence, and band gap-lowering properties: a WORM memory device. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 32:025208. [PMID: 33089825 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abba5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorescent semiconducting nanomaterials have gained widespread research interest owing to their potential applications in the arena of high-tech devices. We designed two pyrazaacene-based compounds, their stacked system, and the role of gluing interactions to fabricate nanomaterials, and determined the prospective band gaps utilizing the density functional theory calculation. The two pyrazaacene derivatives containing complementary amide linkages (-CONH and -NHCO) were efficiently synthesized. The synthesized compounds are highly soluble in common organic solvents as well as highly fluorescent and photostable. The heterocycles and their mixture displayed efficient solvent dependent fluorescence in the visible region of the solar spectrum. Notably, the compounds were associated through complementary NH•••O = C type hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions, and thereby afforded nanomaterials with a low band gap. Fascinatingly, the fabricated stacked nanomaterial system exhibited resistive switching behavior, leading to the fabrication of an efficient write-once-read-many-times memory device of crossbar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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2
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Molenda R, Boldt S, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Synthesis of 2-Azapyrenes and Their Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12823-12842. [PMID: 32885654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5,7,9-substituted 2-azapyrenes were synthesized for the first time. The synthesis relies on Brønsted acid promoted benzannulation of alkyne precursors prepared by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The synthetic strategy is efficient and the scope covers a variety of functional groups. The electrochemical behavior and photophysical properties of the products were investigated by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Molenda
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boldt
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Shirai S, Inagaki S. Ab initio study on the excited states of pyrene and its derivatives using multi-reference perturbation theory methods. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12988-12998. [PMID: 35492109 PMCID: PMC9051409 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-lying singlet excited states of pyrene derivatives originated from the 1La and 1Lb states of pyrene have decisive influences on their absorption and fluorescence emission behaviors. Calculation of these excited states with quantitative accuracy is required for the theoretical design of pyrene derivatives tailored to target applications; this has been a long-standing challenge for ab initio quantum chemical calculations. In this study, we explore an adequate computational scheme through calculations of pyrene and its phenyl-substituted derivatives using multi-reference perturbation theory (MRPT) methods. All valence π orbitals on the pyrene moiety were assigned to the active orbitals. Computational load was reduced by restricting the electron excitations within the active orbitals in the preparation of reference configuration space. A generalized multi-configuration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (GMCQDPT) was adopted to treat the reference space other than the complete active space. The calculated 1La and 1Lb excitation energies of pyrene are in good agreement with the experimental values. Calculations of 1,3,6,8-tetraphenyl pyrene suggest that the energetic ordering of 1La and 1Lb is inverted through tetraphenyl substitution and its lowest singlet excited state is the 1La parentage of pyrene, which is consistent with the experimentally deduced scheme. These results are not readily obtained by MRPT calculations with a limited number of active orbitals and single-reference theory calculations. Diphenyl pyrenes (DPPy) were also calculated at the same level of theory to investigate the dependence on the substitution positions of phenyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Shirai
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc. Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
| | - Shinji Inagaki
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc. Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan
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4
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El Guesmi N, Hussein EM, Asghar BH, Obaid RJ, Jassas RS, Alharbi A, Altass HM, Althagafi II, Morad M, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Nucleophilicity and solvent effects on the kinetics of 4-(pyren-1-yl)thiazol-2-amine interaction with 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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5
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Merz J, Dietz M, Vonhausen Y, Wöber F, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Lambert C, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of New Red-to-NIR Emitting Donor-Acceptor Pyrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:438-453. [PMID: 31593316 PMCID: PMC6973242 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized new pyrene derivatives with strong bis(para-methoxyphenyl)amine donors at the 2,7-positions and n-azaacene acceptors at the K-region of pyrene. The compounds possess a strong intramolecular charge transfer, leading to unusual properties such as emission in the red to NIR region (700 nm), which has not been reported before for monomeric pyrenes. Detailed photophysical studies reveal very long intrinsic lifetimes of >100 ns for the new compounds, which is typical for 2,7-substituted pyrenes but not for K-region substituted pyrenes. The incorporation of strong donors and acceptors leads to very low reduction and oxidation potentials, and spectroelectrochemical studies show that the compounds are on the borderline between localized Robin-Day class-II and delocalized Robin-Day class-III species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Yvonne Vonhausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frederik Wöber
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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6
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Sivanadanam J, Aidhen IS, Ramanujam K. New cyclic and acyclic imidazole-based sensitizers for achieving highly efficient photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells by a potential-assisted method. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00137f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of systematically tailored aryl acyclic (biphenyl, dye 1 and 2), cyclic (phenanthrene, dye 3 and 4) and methyl-substituted (dye 5) imidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeeswari Sivanadanam
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Department of Chemistry
- Chennai-600 036
- India
- DST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (DSEHC)
| | | | - Kothandaraman Ramanujam
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Department of Chemistry
- Chennai-600 036
- India
- DST Solar Energy Harnessing Centre (DSEHC)
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7
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O Connor D, Byrne A, Berselli GB, Long C, Keyes TE. Mega-stokes pyrene ceramide conjugates for STED imaging of lipid droplets in live cells. Analyst 2019; 144:1608-1621. [PMID: 30631867 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic subcellular organelles that participate in a range of physiological processes including metabolism, regulation and lipid storage. Their role in disease, such as cancer, where they are involved in metabolism and in chemoresistance, has emerged over recent years. Thus, the value of lipid droplets as diagnostic markers is increasingly apparent where number and size of droplets can be a useful prognostic. Although diverse in size, LDs are typically too small to be easily enumerated by conventional microscopy. The advent of super-resolution microscopy methods offers the prospect of detailed insights but there are currently no commercial STED probes suited to this task and STED, where this method has been used to study LDs it has relied on fixed samples. Here, we report a pyrene-based ceramide conjugate PyLa-C17Cer, that stains lipid droplets with exceptionally high precision in living cells and shows excellent performance in stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The parent compound PyLa comprises a pyrene carboxyl core appended with 3,4-dimethylaminophenyl. The resulting luminophore exhibits high fluorescent quantum yield, mega-Stokes shift and low cytotoxicity. From DFT calculations the Stokes shifted fluorescent state arises from a dimethylaminophenyl to pyrene charge-transfer transition. While the parent compound is cell permeable, it is relatively promiscuous, emitting from both protein and membranous structures within the living mammalian cell. However, on conjugation of C17 ceramide to the free carboxylic acid, the resulting PyLa-C17Cer, remains passively permeable to the cell membrane but targets lipid droplets within the cell through a temperature dependent mechanism, with high selectivity. Targeting was confirmed through colocalisation with the commercial lipid probe Nile Red. PyLa-C17Cer offers outstanding contrast of LDs both in fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging due to its large Stokes shift and very weak emission from aqueous media. Moreover, because the compound is exceptionally photochemically stable with no detectable triplet emission under low temperature conditions, it can be used as an effective probe for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). These versatile fluorophores are powerful multimodal probes for combined STED/FCS/lifetime studies of lipid droplets and domains in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh O Connor
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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8
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Tripodal synthetic receptors based on cyclotriphosphazene scaffold for highly selective and sensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of iron(III) in water samples. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Krawczyk S, Nawrocka A, Zdyb A. Charge-transfer excited state in pyrene-1-carboxylic acids adsorbed on titanium dioxide nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 198:19-26. [PMID: 29501002 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of excited photosensitizer adsorbed at the surface of a solid is the key factor in the electron transfer processes that underlie the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalysts. In this work, Stark effect (electroabsorption) spectroscopy has been used to measure the polarizability and dipole moment changes in electronic transitions of pyrene-1-carboxylic (PCA), -acetic (PAA) and -butyric (PBA) acids in ethanol, both free and adsorbed on colloidal TiO2, in glassy ethanol at low temperature. The lack of appreciable increase of dipole moment in the excited state of free and adsorbed PAA and PBA points that two or more single bonds completely prevent the expansion of π-electrons from the aromatic ring towards the carboxylic group, thus excluding the possibility of direct electron injection into TiO2. In free PCA, the pyrene's forbidden S0→S1 transition has increased intensity, exhibits a long progression in 1400cm-1 Ag mode and is associated with |∆μ| of 2 D. Adsorption of PCA on TiO2 causes a broadening and red shift of the S0→S1 absorption band and an increase in dipole moment change on electronic excitation to |∆μ|=6.5 D. This value increased further to about 15 D when the content of acetic acid in the colloid was changed from 0.2% to 2%, and this effect is ascribed to the surface electric field. The large increase of |∆μ| points that the electric field effect can not only change the energetics of electron transfer from the excited sensitizer into the solid, but can also shift the molecular electronic density, thus directly influencing the electronic coupling factor relevant for electron transfer at the molecule-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krawczyk
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - A Nawrocka
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Zdyb
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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10
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Liu R, Ran H, Zhao Z, Yang X, Zhang J, Chen L, Sun H, Hu JY. Synthesis and Optical Properties of Donor-Acceptor-Type 1,3,5,9-Tetraarylpyrenes: Controlling Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Pathways by the Change of π-Conjugation Directions for Emission Color Modulations. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5866-5875. [PMID: 31458784 PMCID: PMC6641958 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In dipolar organic π-conjugated molecules, variable photophysical properties can be realized through efficient excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which essentially depends on the π-conjugation patterns. Herein, we report a controllable regioselective strategy for synthesis and optical properties of two donor-acceptor (DA)-type 1,3,5,9-tetraarylpyrenes (i.e., 1,3-A/5,9-D (4b) and 1,3-D/5,9-A (4c)) by covalently integrating two phenyl rings and two p-OMe/CHO-substituted phenyl units into the 2-tert-butylpyrene building block, in which the two phenyl rings substituted at the 1,3-positions act as acceptors for 4b or as donors for 4c and the two p-OMe or p-CHO-substituted phenyl moieties substituted at the K-region of 5,9-positions act as donors for 4b or as acceptors for 4c, respectively. Density functional theory calculations on their frontier molecular orbitals and UV-vis absorption of S0 → S1 transition theoretically predicted that the change of π-conjugation directions in the two DA pyrenes could be realized through a variety of substitution patterns, implying that the dissimilar ground-state and excited-state electronic structures exist in each molecule. Their single-crystal X-ray analysis reveal their highly twisted conformations that are beneficial for inhibiting the π-aggregations, which are strikingly different from the normal 1,3,5,9-tetraphenylpyrenes (4a) and related 1,3,6,8-tetraarylpyrenes. Indeed, experimental investigations on their optical properties demonstrated that the excited-state ICT pathways can be successfully controlled by the change of π-conjugation directions through the variety of substitution positions, resulting in the modulations of emission color from deep-blue to green in solution. Moreover, for the present DA pyrenes, highly fluorescent emissions with moderate-to-high quantum yields both in the thin film and in the doped poly(methyl methacrylate) film were obtained, suggesting them as promising emitting materials for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Huijuan Ran
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- National
Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Jian-Yong Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry
of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices,
Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi
Normal University, Xian 710119, China
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11
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Dhar A, Kumar NS, Asif M, Vekariya RL. Pyridinium-clubbed dicationic ionic liquid electrolytes for efficient next-generation photo harvesting. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pyridinium based dicationic ionic liquids was designed and synthesized. The synthesized ionic liquids have excellent thermal stability and good ionic conductivity. They can be used as electrolytes in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Raja Bazar Science College
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | - Nadavala Siva Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11421
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Asif
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11421
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohit L. Vekariya
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
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12
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Merz J, Fink J, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Al Mamari HH, Lorenzen S, Haehnel M, Eichhorn A, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Braunschweig H, Lambert C, Steffen A, Ji L, Marder TB. Pyrene Molecular Orbital Shuffle-Controlling Excited State and Redox Properties by Changing the Nature of the Frontier Orbitals. Chemistry 2017; 23:13164-13180. [PMID: 28718975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We show that by judicious choice of substituents at the 2- and 7-positions of pyrene, the frontier orbital order of pyrene can be modified, giving enhanced control over the nature and properties of the photoexcited states and the redox potentials. Specifically, we introduced a julolidine-like moiety and Bmes2 (mes=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 ) as very strong donor (D) and acceptor (A), respectively, giving 2,7-D-π-D- and unsymmetric 2,7-D-π-A-pyrene derivatives, in which the donor destabilizes the HOMO-1 and the acceptor stabilizes the LUMO+1 of the pyrene core. Consequently, for 2,7-substituted pyrene derivatives, unusual properties are obtained. For example, very large bathochromic shifts were observed for all of our compounds, and unprecedented green light emission occurs for the D/D system. In addition, very high radiative rate constants in solution and in the solid state were recorded for the D-π-D- and D-π-A-substituted compounds. All compounds show reversible one-electron oxidations, and Jul2 Pyr exhibits a second oxidation, with the largest potential splitting (ΔE=440 mV) thus far reported for 2,7-substituted pyrenes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements confirm an unexpectedly strong coupling between the 2,7-substituents in our pyrene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hamad H Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoud, 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sabine Lorenzen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Pyrene Based Fluorescent Hemicurcuminoid and their BF 2 Complexes -Spectroscopic and DFT Studies. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1777-1792. [PMID: 28550418 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The acetyl acetone and benzoyl acetone pyrene based difluoroboron scaffolds and their respective decomplexed congeners were investigated for their nonlinear optical properties in various microenvironment. The geometries of the chromophore were optimized and electronic excitation properties were estimated using time dependant density functional theory. The vertical excitation properties were found to be complimentary to the experimental results. Nolinear optical properties were evaluated using solvatochromism and Density Functional Theory. The experimental nonlinear optical properties well correlated using Mulliken Hush parameters and also compared with calculated values. CAM-B3LYP results were found to be superior over the B3LYP and BHandHLYP methods. The positive solvatochromism in emission were well explained by multilinear regression and bond length alteration.
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14
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Kurata R, Ito A, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Diarylamino- and Diarylboryl-Substituted Donor–Acceptor Pyrene Derivatives: Influence of Substitution Pattern on Their Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5111-5121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kurata
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Department of
Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Department of
Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Department of
Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Department of
Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Department of
Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Domínguez SE, Meriläinen M, Ääritalo T, Damlin P, Kvarnström C. Effect of alkoxy-spacer length and solvent on diluted solutions of cationic isothiouronium polythiophenes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study on two cationic isothiouronium polythiophenes with alkoxy chains of different length in the 3-position of the thiophene ring. The compounds were characterized using experimental and theoretical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Domínguez
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - M. Meriläinen
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - T. Ääritalo
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - P. Damlin
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
| | - C. Kvarnström
- Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MATSURF)
- Laboratory of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Analysis
- University of Turku
- 20014 Turku
- Finland
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16
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Ran Z, Zhong-Hai N. Crystal structure of 1-ferrocenyl-6-bromopyrene, C 26H 17BrFe. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2016-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C26H17BrFe, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 30.486(10) Å, b = 7.497(3) Å, c = 18.669(6) Å, β = 120.184(5)°, V = 3688(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0407, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1015, T = 296(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Zhong-Hai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Pyrene fluorophores bearing two carbonyl groups in 1,2- positions: Synthesis and photophysical properties of pyrene-1,2-dicarboximides and a pyrene-1,2-dicarboxamide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
C24H16O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.642(3) Å, b = 10.787(2) Å, c = 11.551(2) Å, β = 110.73(3)°, V = 1589.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0506, wR
ref
(F2) = 0.1482, T = 293(2) K.
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19
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Łukasiewicz ŁG, Deperasińska I, Poronik YM, Jun YW, Banasiewicz M, Kozankiewicz B, Ahn KH, Gryko DT. Dipolar Dyes with a Pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline Skeleton Containing a Cyano Group and a Bridged Tertiary Amino Group: Synthesis, Solvatofluorochromism, and Bioimaging. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1718-24. [PMID: 27027726 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two strongly polarized dipolar chromophores possessing a cyclic tertiary amino group at one terminus of the molecule and a CN group at the opposite terminus were designed and synthesized. Their rigid skeleton contains the rarely studied pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline ring system. The photophysical properties of these regioisomeric dyes were different owing to differing π conjugation between the CN group and the electron-donor moiety. These dipolar molecules showed very intense emission, strong solvatofluorochromism, and sufficient two-photon brightness for bioimaging. One of these regioisomeric dyes, namely, 11-carbonitrile-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-3a,8,13,13b-tetraazabenzo[b]cyclohepta[1,2,3-jk]fluorene, was successfully utilized in two-photon imaging of mouse organ tissues and showed distinct tissue morphology with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz G Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Kathiravan A, Panneerselvam M, Sundaravel K, Pavithra N, Srinivasan V, Anandan S, Jaccob M. Unravelling the effect of anchoring groups on the ground and excited state properties of pyrene using computational and spectroscopic methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13332-45. [PMID: 27121202 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anchoring groups play an important role in dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In order to acquire a suitable anchoring group for DSCs, a deeper understanding of the effect of anchoring groups on the ground and excited state properties of the dye is significant. In this context, various anchoring group connected pyrene derivatives are successfully synthesized and well characterized by using (1)H, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR and EI-MS spectrometry. The anchoring groups employed are carboxylic acid, malonic acid, acrylic acid, malononitrile, cyanoacrylic acid, rhodanine and rhodanine-3-acetic acid. The optimized geometries, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and electronic absorption spectra of these dyes are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that pyrene connected with anchoring groups with weak electron pulling strength (PC, PAC and PMC) has a larger HOMO-LUMO energy gap, whereas that connected with anchoring groups with strong electron pulling strength (PCC, PMN, PR and PRA) has a reduced HOMO-LUMO energy gap. These molecules with a reduced energy gap are primarily preferred for DSC applications. Moreover, P, PC, PAC and PMC molecules undergo π→π* transition, whereas PCC, PMN, PR and PRA molecules show significant charge transfer along with π→π* transition. UV-visible absorption spectral studies on these dyes reveal that connecting various anchoring groups with different electron pulling abilities enables the pyrene chromophore to absorb in the longer wavelength region. Notably, an efficient bathochromic shift is observed for PCC, PMN, PR and PRA molecules in both electronic absorption and fluorescence spectral measurements, which suggests that the excitation is delocalized throughout the entire π-system of the molecules. Both theoretical and spectral studies reveal that dyes with an ICT character (PCC, PMN, PR and PRA) are suitable for dye sensitized solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Kathiravan
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai - 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Zarate X, Schott-Verdugo S, Rodriguez-Serrano A, Schott E. The Nature of the Donor Motif in Acceptor-Bridge-Donor Dyes as an Influence in the Electron Photo-Injection Mechanism in DSSCs. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1613-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Zarate
- Instituto
de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 641, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephan Schott-Verdugo
- Centro
de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Angela Rodriguez-Serrano
- Grupo
de Fotodinámica Molecular, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera
1E No. 19A-40, 111711 Bogotá D. C., Colombia
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Vybornyi M, Bur-Cecilio Hechevarria Y, Glauser M, Rudnev AV, Häner R. Tubes or sheets: divergent aggregation pathways of an amphiphilic 2,7-substituted pyrene trimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:16191-3. [PMID: 26391318 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of an amphiphilic 2,7-linked pyrene trimer in an aqueous environment into two morphologically related forms is described. Supramolecular polymerization leads to the simultaneous formation of nanosheets and nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Vybornyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marlene Glauser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander V Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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23
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Espinoza EM, Xia B, Darabedian N, Larsen JM, Nuñez V, Bao D, Mac JT, Botero F, Wurch M, Zhou F, Vullev VI. Nitropyrene Photoprobes: Making Them, and What Are They Good for? European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Ji L, Lorbach A, Edkins RM, Marder TB. Synthesis and photophysics of a 2,7-disubstituted donor-acceptor pyrene derivative: an example of the application of sequential Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation and substitution chemistry. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5658-65. [PMID: 25927248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a general and selective method to synthesize 2,7-disubstituted pyrene derivatives containing two different substituents by sequential Ir-catalyzed borylation and substitution chemistry. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we synthesized 2-cyano-7-(N,N-diethylamino)pyrene (3), a pyrene analogue of the widely studied chromophore 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). Compound 3 and the monosubstituted compounds 2-(N,N-diethylamino)pyrene (1) and 2-cyanopyrene (2) have been structurally characterized. Their electronic and optical properties have been studied by a combination of absorption and emission spectroscopies, lifetime and quantum yield measurements, and modeling by DFT and TD-DFT. The photophysical properties of 3 are compared to those of DMABN and 2-cyano-7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene, and we show that 2,7-disubstituted pyrene is a moderately effective π-bridge for the construction of donor-acceptor compounds. It is also shown that donor or acceptor groups are only effective at the 2,7-positions of pyrene if they are suitably strong, leading to a switch in the energetic ordering of the HOMO-1 and HOMO or the LUMO and LUMO+1 of pyrene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert M Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Orłowski R, Banasiewicz M, Clermont G, Castet F, Nazir R, Blanchard-Desce M, Gryko DT. Strong solvent dependence of linear and non-linear optical properties of donor–acceptor type pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23724-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core was determined to be an efficient linker allowing the conjugation of peripheral benzene rings. The resulting dipolar compounds displayed strong solvatochromism of fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université Bordeaux 1 (CNRS UMR 5255)
- 33405 TALENCE cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université Bordeaux 1 (CNRS UMR 5255)
- 33405 TALENCE cedex
- France
| | - Rashid Nazir
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
- Université Bordeaux 1 (CNRS UMR 5255)
- 33405 TALENCE cedex
- France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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