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Vigarani G, Marchini E, Previati E, Giorgini L, Zacchini S, Argazzi R, Massi M, Fiorini V, Caramori S, Stagni S. Designing Ionic Ir(III) Cyclometalated Complexes as Photocatalysts for Light Assisted ATRP of MMA. A Combined Experimental and Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400393. [PMID: 38443315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A new family of ionic Ir(III) cyclometalated complexes with general formula [Ir(CN)2(NN)][Br], was designed and prepared to be assessed as photocalysts for the visible light assisted ATRP polymerization of MMA. To this purpose, our design strategy involved both: i) the decoration of the cyclometalating (CN) and the ancillary (NN) ligands with various electron withdrawing and/or electron donor substituents and, ii) the use of Br- as the counter anion for these cationic Ir(III) species. After an extensive screening in which the [Ir(CN)2(NN)][Br]-type compounds were compared to the model neutral complex fac-[Ir(ppy)3], the "fully" amino-substituted ion pairs abbreviated as [10][Br] and [11][Br], exhibited the best photocatalytic performances under irradiation with CFL lamps. It is worth noting that the outcomes of transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) experiments combined with theoretical DFT calculations, enlightened the role played by the Ir(III) complexes in the mechanism of the photoATRP process, and suggested the rationalization of the different performances that were highlighted by our Ir(III) catalyst in the visible light assisted photopolymerization of MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vigarani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Previati
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- CNR-ISOF c/o Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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Dumur F. Recent advances on water-soluble photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Förster C, Lehn R, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Automated Multi- and Block-Copolymer Writing in Mesoporous Films Using Visible-Light PET-RAFT and a Microscope. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207762. [PMID: 36651003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For high throughput applications, e.g., in the context of sensing especially when being combined with machine learning, large sample numbers in acceptable production time are required. This needs automated synthesis and material functionalization concepts ideally combined with high precision. To automate sensing relevant mesopore polymer functionalization while being highly precise in polymer placement, polymer amount control, and polymer sequence design, a process for polymer writing in mesoporous silica films with pore diameter in the range of 13 nm is developed. Mesoporous films are functionalized with different polymers in adjustable polymer amount including block-copolymer functionalization in an automated process using a visible-light induced, controlled photo electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. While transferring this PET-RAFT to a commercially available microscope, direct, automated laser writing of three different polymers, as well as polymer re-initiation is demonstrated. Using a laser diameter of ≈72 µm, significantly smaller polymer spots of ≈7 µm in diameter are realized. Micrometerscale resolved polymer images including block-copolymers are written into mesoporous layers covering millimeter scale areas requiring a writing time in the range of one second per polymer spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Förster
- Macromolecular Chemistry - Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Lehn
- Macromolecular Chemistry - Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry - Smart Membranes, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Photoinitiating Systems Designed for Solar Photocrosslinking Polymerization Reactions. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Dumur F. Recent Advances on Anthraquinone-based Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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Recent Advances on Photobleachable Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Dumur F. Recent advances on benzylidene cyclopentanones as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Z, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Visible Light Coumarin-based Oxime Esters as Initiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tong Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Mo Y, Ma Y. Long-Lived Triplet Excited-State Bichromophoric Iridium Photocatalysts for Controlled Photo-Mediated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Tong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yitian Mo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Giacoletto N, Dumur F. Recent Advances in bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization: From Mechanistic Investigations to Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3192. [PMID: 34073491 PMCID: PMC8199041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, photopolymerization has become an active research field, and the ongoing efforts to develop new photoinitiating systems are supported by the different applications in which this polymerization technique is involved-including dentistry, 3D and 4D printing, adhesives, and laser writing. In the search for new structures, bis-chalcones that combine two chalcones' moieties within a unique structure were determined as being promising photosensitizers to initiate both the free-radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides. In this review, an overview of the different bis-chalcones reported to date is provided. Parallel to the mechanistic investigations aiming at elucidating the polymerization mechanisms, bis-chalcones-based photoinitiating systems were used for different applications, which are detailed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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Giacoletto N, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Dumur F. Recent advances on squaraine-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dumur F. Recent advances on visible light photoinitiators of polymerization based on Indane-1,3-dione and related derivatives. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes are used in numerous chemical and photochemical processes in organic chemistry. Metal complexes have not been excluded from the interest of polymerists to convert liquid resins into solid materials. If iridium complexes have demonstrated their remarkable photochemical reactivity in polymerization, their high costs and their attested toxicities have rapidly discarded these complexes for further developments. Conversely, copper complexes are a blooming field of research in (photo) polymerization due to their low cost, easy syntheses, long-living excited state lifetimes, and their remarkable chemical and photochemical stabilities. Copper complexes can also be synthesized in solution and by mechanochemistry, paving the way towards the synthesis of photoinitiators by Green synthetic approaches. In this review, an overview of the different copper complexes reported to date is presented. Copper complexes are versatile candidates for polymerization, as these complexes are now widely used not only in photopolymerization, but also in redox and photoassisted redox polymerization processes.
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Fromel M, Li M, Pester CW. Surface Engineering with Polymer Brush Photolithography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000177. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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Telitel S, Morris JC, Guillaneuf Y, Clément JL, Morlet-Savary F, Spangenberg A, Malval JP, Lalevée J, Gigmes D, Soppera O. Laser Direct Writing of Arbitrary Complex Polymer Microstructures by Nitroxide-Mediated Photopolymerization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30779-30786. [PMID: 32515576 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility of generating arbitrary polymer microstructures covalently linked to a first polymer layer by laser direct writing. At the molecular scale, the process relies on nitroxide-mediated photopolymerization triggered by a light-sensitive alkoxyamine. In addition to the proof of concept and examples of achievable structures, including multichemistry patterns and 3D structures, this paper aims at investigating the physicochemical phenomena involved under such conditions. In particular, the parameters influencing the repolymerization process are considered, and special attention is paid to the study of the impact of oxygen on the spatial control of the polymerization. Such a work opens many possibilities toward the fabrication of on-demand high-resolution (multi)functional polymer micro and nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Telitel
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jason C Morris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Spangenberg
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
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Noirbent G, Dumur F. Recent advances on naphthalic anhydrides and 1,8-naphthalimide-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Pigot C, Noirbent G, Brunel D, Dumur F. Recent advances on push–pull organic dyes as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwa Shon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas S. Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang C, Chen C, Sakakibara K, Tsujii Y, Goto A. Facile Fabrication of Concentrated Polymer Brushes with Complex Patterning by Photocontrolled Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13504-13508. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tsujii
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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35
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Facile Fabrication of Concentrated Polymer Brushes with Complex Patterning by Photocontrolled Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Ciftci M, Yagci Y. Block Copolymers by Mechanistic Transformation from PROAD to Iniferter Process. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800464. [PMID: 30091815 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy for synthesizing block copolymers by the combination of two different living polymerization techniques, namely, photoinduced radical oxidation/addition/deactivation (PROAD) and iniferter processes is described. In the first step, PROAD polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether using bromotriphenylmethane, dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2 (CO)10 ), and diphenyliodonium bromide (Ph2 I+ Br- ) is carried out to yield polymers with triphenylmethyl (trityl) end groups. These prepolymers are used as macroiniferters in thermally induced free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and styrene, resulting in the formation of corresponding block copolymers free from homopolymers. The precursor polymer and final block copolymers are characterized by 1 H NMR, FT-IR, GPC, and DSC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Burridge KM, Wright TA, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Photochemistry for Well-Defined Polymers in Aqueous Media: From Fundamentals to Polymer Nanoparticles to Bioconjugates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800093. [PMID: 29774614 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review article highlights recent developments in the field of photochemistry and photochemical reversible deactivation radical polymerization applied to aqueous polymerizations. Photochemistry is a topic of significant interest in the fields of organic, polymer, and materials chemistry because it allows challenging reactions to be performed under mild conditions. Aqueous polymerization is of significant interest because water is an environmentally benign solvent, and the use of water enables complex polymer self-assembly and bioconjugation processes to occur. This review focuses on powerful new developments in photochemical aqueous polymerization reactions and their applications to the synthesis of well-defined polymer nano-objects and bioconjugates. It is anticipated that these aqueous photopolymerizations will enable the next generation of self-assembled structures and biohybrid materials to be developed under mild and environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Burridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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38
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Cationic and free radical polymerization initiated by a visible-light sensitive complex based on the photocatalytic decarboxylation of carboxylic acid. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Shanmugam S, Xu S, Adnan NNM, Boyer C. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis as a Means for Improving Recyclability of Organocatalyst in “Living” Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sihao Xu
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nik Nik M. Adnan
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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40
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Laun J, De Smet Y, Van de Reydt E, Krivcov A, Trouillet V, Welle A, Möbius H, Barner-Kowollik C, Junkers T. 2D laser lithography on silicon substrates via photoinduced copper-mediated radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:751-754. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A 2D laser lithography protocol for controlled grafting of polymer brushes in a single-step is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Laun
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Yana De Smet
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Emma Van de Reydt
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Alexander Krivcov
- University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern
- 66482 Zweibrücken
- Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - Alexander Welle
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
| | - Hildegard Möbius
- University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern
- 66482 Zweibrücken
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO)
- Universiteit Hasselt
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
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41
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Pan X, Fantin M, Yuan F, Matyjaszewski K. Externally controlled atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5457-5490. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATRP can be externally controlled by electrical current, light, mechanical forces and various chemical reducing agents. The mechanistic aspects and preparation of polymers with complex functional architectures and their applications are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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42
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Bouzrati-Zerelli M, Guillaume N, Goubard F, Bui TT, Villotte S, Dietlin C, Morlet-Savary F, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Dumur F, Lalevée J. A novel class of photoinitiators with a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) property. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoinitiators exhibiting efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noirbent Guillaume
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Thanh-Tuan Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces LPPI
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | | | - Céline Dietlin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- 15
- rue Jean Starcky
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- 15
- rue Jean Starcky
| | | | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- 15
- rue Jean Starcky
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- 15
- rue Jean Starcky
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43
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Liu X, Ni Y, Wu J, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. A sustainable photocontrolled ATRP strategy: facile separation and recycling of a visible-light-mediated catalyst fac-[Ir(ppy)3]. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02008b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated catalyst (fac-[Ir(ppy)3]) in situ separation and recycling ATRP system for PEG-based water-soluble monomers was constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Yuanyuan Ni
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Wu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Hongjuan Jiang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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44
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Raffy G, Bofinger R, Tron A, Guerzo AD, McClenaghan ND, Vincent JM. 2D and 3D surface photopatterning via laser-promoted homopolymerization of a perfluorophenyl azide-substituted BODIPY. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16908-16914. [PMID: 29077113 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An innovative photopatterning process is described that allows, in a single laser-promoted operation, the covalent attachment of a molecule on a surface (2D patterning - xy dimensions) and its photopolymerization to grow micro-/nanostructures with spatial control in a third z-dimension. The surface patterning process, based on nitrene reactivity, was harnessed using the highly fluorescent azide-substituted boron difluoride dipyrromethene (BODIPY) 1 that was prepared in a single synthetic step from the parent pentafluorophenyl BODIPY on reacting with NaN3. Using the laser of a fluorescence microscope (375 nm or 532 nm) 1 could be grafted on adapted surfaces and then homopolymerised. In this study we show that using glass coverslips coated with PEG/high density alkyne groups (density of ∼1 × 1014 per cm2), the patterning process was much more spatially confined than when using PEG only coating. Varying the irradiation time (1 to 15 s) or laser power (0.14-3.53 μW) allowed variation of the amount of deposited BODIPY to afford, in the extreme case, pillars of a height up to 800 nm. AFM and MS studies revealed that the nano/microstructures were formed of particles of photopolymerized 1 having a mean diameter of ca. 30 nm. The emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes for the patterned structures were measured, revealing a red-shift (from ∼560 nm up to 620 nm) of the maximum emission and a shortening (from ∼6 ns to 0.8 ns) of the fluorescence lifetimes in areas where the density of BODIPY is high. As an application of the patterning process, a figure formed of 136 dots/pillars was prepared. The confocal hyperspectral fluorescence image revealed that the figure is clearly resolved and constituted by highly photoluminescent red dots whose fluorescence intensities and emission color proved to be highly reproducible. SEM and AFM studies showed that the luminescent dots were pillars with a conical shape, an average height of 710 ± 28 nm and a FWHM of 400 ± 20 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Raffy
- Univ. Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5255, 351 Crs de la Libération, Talence, France.
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45
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Tehfe MA, Lepeltier M, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Structural Effects in the Iridium Complex Series: Photoredox Catalysis and Photoinitiation of Polymerization Reactions under Visible Lights. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
- Carrefour of Innovative Technology and Ecodesign (CITE); Faculty of Engineering; University of Sherbrooke; blvd Université; Sherbrooke 2500 Canada
| | - Marc Lepeltier
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR CNRS 8180; Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines; 45 avenue des Etats Unis Versailles 78035 France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ.; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Marseille F-13397 France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ.; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Marseille F-13397 France
| | - Jean-Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361, UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky Mulhouse Cedex 68057 France
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46
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Shanmugam S, Xu J, Boyer C. Photocontrolled Living Polymerization Systems with Reversible Deactivations through Electron and Energy Transfer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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47
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Chen M, Deng S, Gu Y, Lin J, MacLeod MJ, Johnson JA. Logic-Controlled Radical Polymerization with Heat and Light: Multiple-Stimuli Switching of Polymer Chain Growth via a Recyclable, Thermally Responsive Gel Photoredox Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2257-2266. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shihong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michelle J. MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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48
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Reeves JA, Allegrezza ML, Konkolewicz D. Rise and Fall: Poly(phenyl vinyl ketone) Photopolymerization and Photodegradation under Visible and UV Radiation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28044387 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl ketone polymers, including phenyl vinyl ketone (PVK), are an important class of polymers due to their ability to degrade upon irradiation with ultraviolet light which makes them useful for a variety of applications. However, traditional radical methods for synthesizing PVK polymers give rise to poor control or are unable to produce block copolymers. This work uses reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and photochemistry to polymerize PVK. When visible blue radiation of 440 ± 10 nm is used as the light source for the photopolymerization, rapid polymerization and well-defined polymers are created. This RAFT method uses PVK as both monomer and radical initiator, exciting the PVK mono-mer by 440 ± 10 nm irradiation to avoid the use of an additional radical initiator. Once the poly-mer is synthesized, it is stable against degradation by blue light (440 ± 10 nm), but upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (310 ± 20 nm) significant decrease in molecular weight is observed. The degradation is observed for all poly(PVK) materials synthesized.
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49
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Ma W, Zhang X, Ma Y, Chen D, Wang L, Zhao C, Yang W. Photoinduced controlled radical polymerization of methacrylates with benzaldehyde derivatives as organic catalysts. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under 23 W CFL irradiation, block copolymers are obtained starting from a Pn-I macroinitiator in the presence of a benzaldehydic molecule-based catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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50
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Cabannes-Boué B, Yang Q, Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Poly J. Investigation into the mechanism of photo-mediated RAFT polymerization involving the reversible photolysis of the chain-transfer agent. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02220k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new dithiocarbamate with a N-carbazole Z group is synthesized and investigated as a chain-transfer agent (CTA) in a photo-mediated RAFT polymerization mechanism involving its partial and reversible photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cabannes-Boué
- Université de Strasbourg – Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- UMR 7361 – CNRS/UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Qizhi Yang
- Université de Strasbourg – Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- UMR 7361 – CNRS/UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Strasbourg – Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- UMR 7361 – CNRS/UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Strasbourg – Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- UMR 7361 – CNRS/UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Julien Poly
- Université de Strasbourg – Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- UMR 7361 – CNRS/UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse
- France
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