1
|
Lanaridi O, Schnürch M, Limbeck A, Schröder K. Liquid- and Solid-based Separations Employing Ionic Liquids for the Recovery of Platinum Group Metals Typically Encountered in Catalytic Converters: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102262. [PMID: 34962087 PMCID: PMC9306556 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The wide application range and ascending demand for platinum group metals combined with the progressive depletion of their natural resources renders their efficient recycling a very important and pressing matter. Primarily environmental considerations associated with state-of-the-art recovery processes have shifted the focus of the scientific community toward the investigation of alternative recycling approaches. Within this context, ionic liquids have gained considerable attention in the last two decades chiefly sparked by properties such as tunabilty, low-volatility, and relatively easy recyclability. In this review an understanding of the state-of-the-art processes, including their drawbacks and limitations, is provided. The core of the discussion is focused on platinum group metal recovery with ionic liquid-based systems. A brief insight in some environmental considerations related to ionic liquids is also provided while some discussion on research gaps, common misconceptions related to ionic liquids and outlook on unresolved issues could not be absent from this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lanaridi
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and AnalyticsTechnische Universität Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Schröder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTechnische Universität Wien1060ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng S, Huang K, Huang Z, Liu G, Zhang G, Gou G. Highly selective extraction of Pd(II) using functionalized molecule of 2-[(2-ethylhexyl)thio]benzoxazole and its Pd(II) extraction mechanism. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Mohajer F, Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Poormohammad N. Copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions: an overview. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6885-6925. [PMID: 35423221 PMCID: PMC8695108 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction of a vinyl or aryl halide with a terminal alkyne to form a C-C bond. In its original form, the Sonogashira reaction is performed with a palladium species as a catalyst while co-catalyzed by a copper species and a phosphine or amine. The reaction is conducted under mild conditions, i.e., room temperature, aqueous solutions, and the presence of mild bases. Undeniably, the Sonogashira reaction is among the most competent and efficient reactions widely used in organic synthesis. This named reaction has proved useful in many organic synthesis areas, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, heterocycles, natural products, organic compounds, complex molecules having biological activities, nanomaterials, and many more materials that we use in our daily lives. The presence of transition metals as a catalyst was indeed essential in the Sonogashira reaction. However, recently, the reaction has been successfully conducted without copper as a co-catalyst and phosphines or amines as bases. In this critical review, we have focused on developments in the Sonogashira reaction successfully performed in the absence of copper complexes, phosphines or amines, which could be of particular advantage in implementing green chemistry principles and making the reactions more achievable from an economic viewpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Majid M Heravi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Nargess Poormohammad
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang G, Zhang L, Wang Q, Guo J, Wei H, Yang Y. Extraction and separation of Pd( ii)/Pt( iv) by neutral sulfur-containing extractant from hydrochloric acid medium. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient extraction and separation of Pd(ii)/Pt(iv) by 2-mercaptobenzimidazole from hydrochloric acid medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanju Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Wei
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farzam S, Feyzi F. Response surface methodology applied to extraction optimization of gold(III) by combination of imidazolium-based ionic liquid and 1-octanol from hydrochloric acid. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1581217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Farzam
- Thermodynamics Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Feyzi
- Thermodynamics Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zinc(II) thione and selone complexes: The effect of metal redox activity on ligand-based oxidation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Horikoshi R, Sumitani R, Mochida T. Synthesis, crystal structures, electrochemical properties, and complexation of ferrocene-based compounds: 1,2-bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)ferrocene and 1,2-bis(benzothiazol-2-ylthio)ferrocene. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosiak D, Okuniewski A, Chojnacki J. Novel complexes possessing Hg–(Cl, Br, I)⋯O C halogen bonding and unusual Hg 2 S 2 (Br/I) 4 kernel. The usefulness of τ4′ structural parameter. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang LM, Li HY, Li HX, Young DJ, Wang Y, Lang JP. Palladium(II) Chloride Complexes of N,N′-Disubstituted Imidazole-2-thiones: Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Performances in Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11230-11243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhang
- State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xi Li
- State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - David James Young
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Yong Wang
- State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Lang
- State and Local
Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Senthil K, Akiba U, Fujiwara K, Kondo Y. Highly selective separation and recovery of Pd(II) from the automotive catalyst residue with the thiocarbamoyl substituted azothiacalix[4]arene derivative. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1288743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Senthil
- Center for Regional Revitalization in Research and Education, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Uichi Akiba
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kondo
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu W, Wang Q, Zheng Y, Wang S, Yan Y, Yang Y. Extraction behaviour and mechanism of Pt(iv) and Pd(ii) by liquid–liquid extraction with an ionic liquid [HBBIm]Br. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7210-7218. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a method of one-step separation and recycling of high purity Pd(ii) and Pt(iv) using an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-benzimidazolium bromate ([HBBIm]Br), was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregate Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liquid–liquid extraction of neodymium ions from aqueous solutions of NdCl3 by phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Li X, Zhang X, Yang Q, Bao Z, Ren Q, Zhang Z, Xing H, Yang Y. Separation of highly unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters from model bio-oils with ionic liquid-cosolvent as extractants. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the production of biodiesel, an IL-cosolvent extraction method was performed to separate value-added uFAMEs from model bio-oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuenan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zongbi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Huabin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho YS, Lee EJ, Lee GH, Hah SS. Aptamer selection for fishing of palladium ion using graphene oxide-adsorbed nanoparticles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5536-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Tyson GE, Tokmic K, Oian CS, Rabinovich D, Valle HU, Hollis TK, Kelly JT, Cuellar KA, McNamara LE, Hammer NI, Webster CE, Oliver AG, Zhang M. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and catalytic activity of an SCS bis(N-heterocyclic thione) (SCS-NHT) Pd pincer complex. Dalton Trans 2015. [PMID: 26205732 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03324h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 1,3-bis(3'-butylimidazolyl-1'-yl)benzene diiodide with elemental sulfur in the presence of a base produced a bis(N-heterocyclic thione) (NHT) pincer ligand precursor. Its reaction with PdCl2(CH3CN)2 produced chloro[1,3-bis(3'-butylimidazole-2'-thione-κ-S)benzene-κ-C]palladium(ii), a 6,6-fused ring SCS-NHT palladium pincer complex. This air stable compound is, to our knowledge, the first SCS pincer complex that utilizes N-heterocyclic thione (NHT) donor groups. The molecular structures of the ligand precursor and the palladium complex were determined by X-ray crystallography and computational studies provided insight into the interconversion between its rac and meso conformations. The photophysical properties of the complex were established, and its catalytic activity in Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions was evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ginger E Tyson
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State. and MS 39762 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Yu K, Yang Q, Bao Z, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ren Q, Xing H. Selective separation of zwitterionic phospholipid homologues with functional ionic liquids as extractants. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel extractive method using hydroxyl-functional ILs as extractants was developed for the separation of zwitterionic phospholipid homologues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Buffalo
- the State University of New York (SUNY)
- Buffalo
- USA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zongbi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Huabin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang C, Tong Y, Huang Y, Zhang H, Yang Y. Selone behavior towards palladium(ii) extraction with hydrophobic ionic liquids and mechanism studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06334e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first evaluation and mechanism studies of selone for palladium extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Yixian Huang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|