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Li H, Dai W, Zhang X, Lu J, Song F, Li H. Chemical components of Fu brick tea and its potential preventive effects on metabolic syndrome. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:35-47. [PMID: 38268870 PMCID: PMC10804099 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As living standards advance, an escalating emphasis is placed on health, particularly in relation to prevalent chronic metabolic disorders. It is necessary to explore safe and effective functional foods or drugs. Fu brick tea (FBT) is a kind of dark tea fermented by fungi. The extracts are rich in compounds that can effectively relieve metabolic diseases such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, protect the liver, improve human immunity, enhance antioxidant activity, and regulate intestinal flora. This paper summarizes the biological activities and mechanisms of the extracts, polysaccharides, and small molecular compounds of FBT, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the rational, systematic, comprehensive development and utilization of the FBT resources. It is expected to develop and apply these active substances in health care products and natural medicines and provide more beneficial and diversified FBT products for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Light IndustryBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Light IndustryBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau (Ministry of Education), Institute of Tibet Plateau EcologyTibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchiTibetChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet Plateau (Ministry of Education), Institute of Tibet Plateau EcologyTibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchiTibetChina
| | - Fuhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Light IndustryBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Light IndustryBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
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Sun X, Chen Z, Yang R, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang Q, Xiao G. Modular and Stereoselective One-Pot Total Synthesis of Icosasaccharide Motif from Cordyceps sinensis EPS-1A Glycan. Org Lett 2023; 25:7364-7368. [PMID: 37787453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The first stereoselective one-pot synthesis of the icosasaccharide motif of EPS-1A glycan from Cordyceps sinensis has been achieved. The synthetic approach highlights the following features: (1) merging reagent modulation and remote anchimeric assistance α-glycosylation strategy for the highly stereoselective formation of five and ten continuous 1,2-cis glucosidic bonds; (2) the strategic employment of glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates and glycosyl o-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates as the matched pair for efficient orthogonal one-pot synthesis; and (3) [11 + 8 + 1] orthogonal one-pot glycosylation for the efficient assembly of the target icosasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, 2 Puxing Road, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, 2 Puxing Road, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Liu C, Zhang T, Zhao P, Liu S, Li X, Yuan Y. Purification and structural analysis of a novel polysaccharide from Rehmannia Radix Praeparata. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:514-522. [PMID: 37286527 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the purification, structure, and antioxidant activity of Rehmannia Radix Praeparata polysaccharide (RRPP) were studied. The RRPP was separated using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The RRPP consisted of xylose, glucose, rhamnose, galactose, and mannose in ratios of 10.64:5.58:3.52:1.39:1.0. No protein was detected in the RRPP fraction, and the molecular weight of RRPP was about 1.75 × 106 Da. The basic skeleton information was obtained using periodic acid oxidation-Smith degradation, and RRPP contained 1→, 1 → 2, 1 → 3, 1 → 4, 1 → 2,6, 1 → 4,6 or 1 → 6, 1 → 2,3, 1 → 2,3,4, and other glycosidic bonds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also showed that RRPP has both α- and β-glycosidic bonds. The in vitro antioxidant activity test showed that RRPP could potentialize scavenging effect on ABTS+· and its scavenging rate was 91.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic and New Drug Research of Shaan Xi Province, Shaan Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic and New Drug Research of Shaan Xi Province, Shaan Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic and New Drug Research of Shaan Xi Province, Shaan Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Simei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic and New Drug Research of Shaan Xi Province, Shaan Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic and New Drug Research of Shaan Xi Province, Shaan Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yufang Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic and New Drug Research of Shaan Xi Province, Shaan Xi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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4
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Shi R, Huang C, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang C, Li M. Gut microbiota axis: potential target of phytochemicals from plant-based foods. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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5
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Wang Y, Cai W, Li L, Gao Y, Lai KH. Recent Advances in the Processing and Manufacturing of Plant-Based Meat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1276-1290. [PMID: 36626726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant protein technology is a core area of biotechnology to ease the problem of human protein demand. Plant-based meat based on plant protein technology is a growing concern by global consumers in alleviating environmental pollution, cutting down resources consumption, and improving animal welfare. Plant-based meat simulates the texture, taste, and appearance of animal meat by using protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and other plant nutrients as the main substances. This review summarizes the main components of plant-based meat, processing technology, standard formula, market competition, and formula and texture of future research directions. According to the existing methods of plant-based meat fiber forming, the development process and characteristics of four production processes and equipment of plant-based meat spinning, extrusion, shearing, and 3D printing are emphatically expounded. The processing principles and methods of different processing technologies in plant-based meat production are summarized. The production process and equipment of plant-based meat will pay more attention to the joint production of various processes to improve the defects of plant-based meat production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Cai
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yane Gao
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kee-Hung Lai
- Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Advances in the Utilization of Tea Polysaccharides: Preparation, Physicochemical Properties, and Health Benefits. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142775. [PMID: 35890551 PMCID: PMC9320580 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea polysaccharide (TPS) is the second most abundant ingredient in tea following tea polyphenols. As a complex polysaccharide, TPS has a complex chemical structure and a variety of bioactivities, such as anti-oxidation, hypoglycemia, hypolipidemic, immune regulation, and anti-tumor. Additionally, it shows excellent development and application prospects in food, cosmetics, and medical and health care products. However, numerous studies have shown that the bioactivity of TPS is closely related to its sources, processing methods, and extraction methods. Therefore, the authors of this paper reviewed the relevant recent research and conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of the extraction methods, physicochemical properties, and bioactivities of TPS to strengthen the understanding and exploration of the bioactivities of TPS. This review provides a reference for preparing and developing functional TPS products.
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He Q, Si C, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zhang X. The Intervention of Prebiotics on Depression via the Gut-Brain Axis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123671. [PMID: 35744797 PMCID: PMC9230023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of intestinal microbiota can cause the accumulation of endotoxin in the main circulation system of the human body, which has a great impact on human health. Increased work and life pressure have led to a rise in the number of people falling into depression, which has also reduced their quality of life. The gut–brain axis (GBA) is closely related to the pathological basis of depression, and intestinal microbiota can improve depressive symptoms through GBA. Previous studies have proven that prebiotics can modulate intestinal microbiota and thus participate in human health regulation. We reviewed the regulatory mechanism of intestinal microbiota on depression through GBA, and discussed the effects of prebiotics, including plant polysaccharides and polyphenols on the regulation of intestinal microbiota, providing new clues for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui He
- Amway (China) R&D Centre Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China;
| | - Congcong Si
- Ningbo Tech-inno Health Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211, China; (C.S.); (Z.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhenjiao Sun
- Ningbo Tech-inno Health Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211, China; (C.S.); (Z.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Ningbo Tech-inno Health Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211, China; (C.S.); (Z.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence:
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Ye Y, Liu Y, Cheng K, Wu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X. Effects of Intestinal Flora on Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Therapeutic Significance of Polysaccharides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:810453. [PMID: 35634403 PMCID: PMC9131006 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.810453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relevant research on intestinal flora has been in full swing, and it has become an extremely important research direction in clinical medicine and life science. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by changes in intestinal function and accompanied by comorbid anxiety. At present, the pathogenic mechanism of IBS is not yet clear. The gut-brain axis (GBA), as a two-way information exchange system between the gut and the brain, has an important influence on the prevention of IBS. Present studies have shown that polysaccharides are important for maintaining the steady status of intestinal micro-environment. This review summarized the relationship between intestinal flora, GBA and immune activation, and provided a new idea for the preventive treatment of IBS from the perspective of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Improvement in the Blood Urea Nitrogen and Serum Creatinine Using New Cultivation of Cordyceps militaris. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4321298. [PMID: 35368765 PMCID: PMC8967507 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4321298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical public health issue with a huge financial burden for both patients and society worldwide. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficacious therapies to prevent or delay the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Traditional Chinese medicine practices have shown that Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) mycelia have a variety of pharmacologically useful properties, including antitumor, immunomodulation, and hepatoprotection. However, the effect of mycelial C. militaris on CKD remains unclear. Methods Here, we investigated the effects of C. militaris mycelia on mice with CKD using four types of media: HKS, HKS with vitamin A (HKS + A), CM, and CM with vitamin A (CM + A). Results The results at day 10 revealed that the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly lower in the HKS (41%), HKS + A (41%), and CM + A (34%) groups compared with those in the corresponding control groups (nephrectomic mice). The level of serum creatinine in the HKS + A group decreased by 35% at day 10, whereas the levels in the HKS and CM + A groups decreased only by 14% and 13%, respectively, on day 30. Taken together, this is the first report using four new media (HKS, HKS + A, CM, and CM + A medium) for C. militaris mycelia. Each medium of mycelial C. militaris on CKD exhibits specific effect on BUN, serum creatinine, body weight, total protein, and uric acid. Conclusions Taken together, this is the first report using four new media (HKS, HKS + A, CM, and CM + A medium) for C. militaris mycelia. Each medium of mycelial C. militaris on CKD exhibits specific effects on BUN, serum creatinine, body weight, total protein, and uric acid. We concluded that treatment with C. militaris mycelia cultured in HKS or CM + A medium could potentially prevent the deterioration of kidney function in mice with CKD.
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10
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Extraction, structure and pharmacological effects of the polysaccharides from Cordyceps sinensis: A review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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11
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Sun Y, Wang F, Liu Y, An Y, Chang D, Wang J, Xia F, Liu N, Chen X, Cao Y. Comparison of water- and alkali-extracted polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea and their immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2022; 13:806-824. [PMID: 34985061 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the purpose is to compare the effect of water extraction and alkali-assisted extraction on the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPs). The results indicated that water-extracted FBTPs (W-FBTPs) and alkali-extracted FBTPs (A-FBTPs) had similar molecular weights but different monosaccharide compositions, of which A-FBTPs had a higher yield and uronic acid groups corresponding to galacturonic acid (GalA). Moreover, A-FBTPs had stronger ability to promote phagocytic capacity, acid phosphatase activity and nitric oxide (NO) secretion in macrophages in vitro. In the in vivo study, A-FBTPs exhibited a promising effect to adjust the immune imbalance by enhancing the body features, antioxidant activities, immune response and intestinal mucosal barrier in cytoxan (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice. Besides, A-FBTP supplementation effectively improved CTX-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, including promoting the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae), along with reducing the growth of potentially pathogenic microbes (e.g., Desulfovibrionaceae and Helicobacter). These findings suggested that alkaline extraction might be a promising way to obtain high-quality acidic polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT), and A-FBTPs could be developed as novel potential prebiotics and immunomodulators for further application in food formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Sun
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yuye An
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Dawei Chang
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jiankang Wang
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Xia
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Yungang Cao
- Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China.
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Patel DK, Dutta SD, Ganguly K, Cho SJ, Lim KT. Mushroom-Derived Bioactive Molecules as Immunotherapeutic Agents: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051359. [PMID: 33806285 PMCID: PMC7961999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms with enhanced medicinal properties focus on finding such compounds that could modulate the human body's immune systems. Mushrooms have antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties due to the presence of various bioactive components. β-glucans are the major constituent of the mushroom cell wall and play a significant role in their biological activity. This review described the techniques used in the extraction of the active ingredients from the mushroom. We highlighted the structure of the bioactive polysaccharides present in the mushrooms. Therapeutic applications of different mushrooms were also described. It is interesting to note that mushrooms have the potential sources of many bioactive products that can regulate immunity. Thus, the development of functional medicinal food based on the mushroom is vital for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (D.K.P.); (S.D.D.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-033-250-6491
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Mzoughi Z, Majdoub H. Pectic polysaccharides from edible halophytes: Insight on extraction processes, structural characterizations and immunomodulatory potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:554-579. [PMID: 33508358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, chemical properties and bio-activities of polysaccharides derived from halophytes have gained an increasing interest in the past few years. Phytochemical and pharmacological reports have shown that carbohydrates are important biologically active compounds of halophytes with numerous biological potentials. It is believed that the mechanisms involved in these bio-activities are due to the modulation of immune system. The main objective of this summary is to appraise available literature of a comparative study on the extraction, structural characterizations and biological potentials, particularly immunomodulatory effects, of carbohydrates isolated from halophytes (10 families). This review also attempts to discuss on bioactivities of polysaccharides related with their structure-activity relationship. Data indicated that the highest polysaccharides yield of around 35% was obtained under microwave irradiation. Structurally, results revealed that the most of extracted carbohydrates are pectic polysaccharides which mainly composed of arabinose (from 0.9 to 72%), accompanied by other monosaccharides (galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose and xylose), significant amounts of uronic acids (from 18.9 to 90.1%) and some proportions of fucose (from 0.2 to 8.3%). The molecular mass of these pectic polysaccharides was varied from 10 to 2650 kDa. Hence, the evaluation of these polysaccharides offers a great opportunity to discover novel therapeutic agents that presented especially beneficial immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, reports indicated that uronic acids, molecular weights, as well as the presence of sulfate and unmethylated acidic groups may play a significant role in biological activities of carbohydrates from halophyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Mzoughi
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Zheng Y, Xie Q, Wang H, Hu Y, Ren B, Li X. Recent advances in plant polysaccharide-mediated nano drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2668-2683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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The modulatory effect of plant polysaccharides on gut flora and the implication for neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1484-1492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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The Impact of Mushroom Polysaccharides on Gut Microbiota and Its Beneficial Effects to Host: A Review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Liang Q, Wang X, Yang S, Yu L, Gao Q, Yang X, Zhao Y. Characterization of the antioxidative polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujube cv. Goutouzao and its tumor-inhibitory effects on human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells via immunocyte activation. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13462. [PMID: 32954518 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the most common malignancy in Asian and west world, is listed as the fourth lethal neoplastic disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Recently, Ziziphus jujube were reported with hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic functions. The polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujube was considered as the main component for these bioactivities. In this study, polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujube cv. Goutouzao (GZSP) was comprehensively investigated, and characterized as a heteropolysaccharide with antioxidant activity. Besides, it can stimulate the viability of immune cells RAW 264.7, which in turn inhibited the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells (LoVo) by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle in G0/G1, and increasing intracellular ROS, as demonstrated by Flow Cytometric analyses. The results suggest that, different from chemotherapeutic modalities, GZSP can exert antitumor effects by activating immune reaction, providing more evidence for the development of GZSP-based functional foods and anticancer drugs serving as human colon cancer prevention. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Natural products from medicinal and edible plant are great sources of phytochemicals beneficial to human health, such as tea polyphenols, carotenoids, and phytosterols, etc. In this study, GZSP, the polysaccharides from a well-received fruit, Ziziphus jujube cv. Goutouzao, has been comprehensively investigated. The results show that GZSP fights against free radicals commonly found in human circulation, a property that enables it to be used as an antioxidant food additive with jujube flavor. More importantly, GZSP impedes neoplastic progression by activating immune response, as evidenced by the inhibition of colorectal carcinoma (LoVo) cells. Comparing with chemotherapies usually imposing cytotoxicity on normal tissues, natural product GZSP is able to exert the antiproliferative effects on carcinoma cells with minimal side-effects. Therefore, GZSP-based functional foods and anticancer drugs with the purpose of preventing human colon cancer formation are promising to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaohui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Wang J, Han J, Lu Z, Lu F. Preliminary structure, antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of a polysaccharide fraction from Artemisia selengensis Turcz. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:842-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Wang L, Zhou P, Feng R, Luo Z, Li X, Gao L. Anti-proliferation activities of Oryza sativa L. anthocyanins-Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides complex after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:111012. [PMID: 31794802 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the bioavailability of Oryza sativa L. anthocyanins, we fabricated Oryza sativa L. anthocyanins-Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (OSA-HSP) complex and investigated its anti-proliferation activities taking into account its changes along simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Results showed that OSA mainly composed by delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, malvidin and their derivatives was combined with HSP through electrostatic interaction. OSA-HSP complex belonged to non-crystalline substance, and had compact and laminar structural characteristics. Under simulated gastrointestinal digestion, OSA-HSP complex significantly prevented the degradation of anthocyanins, and presented sustain release effect. However, the anti-proliferation activities of OSA-HSP complex digested by different gastrointestinal process were remarkably changed, especially after small intestinal digestion. HeLa cells treated with OSA-HSP complex exhibited pro-apoptosis characteristics by triggering endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through activating the expressions of Bax, cytochrome c and Caspase-3 as well as inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2. These findings provided new insight to improve the bioavailability of anthocyanins in functional foods and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Ru Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Lili Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
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Jung SJ, Jung ES, Choi EK, Sin HS, Ha KC, Chae SW. Immunomodulatory effects of a mycelium extract of Cordyceps (Paecilomyces hepiali; CBG-CS-2): a randomized and double-blind clinical trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 30925876 PMCID: PMC6441223 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese herb that produces various biopharmaceutical effects, including immune-enhancing effects. In this study, we prepared a Cordyceps mycelium culture extract (Paecilomyces hepiali, CBG-CS-2) to confirm its efficacy in enhancing the immune system and to evaluate its safety in healthy adults. Methods Healthy adults were divided into the intervention group (n = 39), who were given 1.68 g/day of CBG-CS-2 in capsules, and the control group (n = 40) for 8 weeks. The activities of natural killer (NK) cells and serum levels of monocyte-derived mediators were assessed initially for a baseline measurement and after 8 wks. Results The CBG-CS-2 group showed a significant 38.8 ± 17.6% enhancement from the baseline of NK cell cytotoxic activity relative to the placebo group after the administration of the capsules for 8 wks. (P < 0.019). Conclusion The results suggest that the immune system functions well with CBG-CS-2 supplementation, perhaps with less accompanying inflammation. Thus, CBG-CS-2 is safe and effective for enhancing cell-mediated immunity in healthy adults. Trial registration This study was registered at Clinical Trials.gov (NCT 02814617). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2483-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhou J, Bai Y, Dai R, Guo X, Liu ZH, Yuan S. Improved Polysaccharide Production by Homologous Co-overexpression of Phosphoglucomutase and UDP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Genes in the Mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4702-4709. [PMID: 29693394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coprinopsis polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. In this report, increases in polysaccharide production by homologous co-overexpression or individual homologous overexpression of phosphoglucomutase and UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase gene in Coprinopsis cinerea, which participate in polysaccharide biosynthesis. The transcription levels of the target genes were upregulated significantly in the oePGM-UGP strain when compared with the oePGM or oeUGP strain. The maximum intracellular polysaccharide content obtained in the oePGM-UGP strain was 1.49-fold higher than that of the WT strain, whereas a slight improvement in polysaccharide production was obtained in the oePGM and oeUGP strains. Extracellular polysaccharide production was enhanced by 75% in the oePGM-UGP strain when compared with that of the WT strain, whereas improvements of 30% and 16% were observed for the oePGM and oeUGP strains, respectively. These results show that multiple interventions in polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways of Basidiomycetes might improve polysaccharide yields when compared with that of single interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Yang Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Rujuan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Microbial Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , PR China
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22
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Chen G, Wang M, Xie M, Wan P, Chen D, Hu B, Ye H, Zeng X, Liu Z. Evaluation of chemical property, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick teas. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:120-127. [PMID: 29730012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) possesses various health-promoting functions. However, the available information regarding biological activity of polysaccharides from FBT (FBTPS) is still limited. In this work, the chemical property, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of FBTPS were evaluated. It was found that FBTPSs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of Man, Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal and Ara with little molar content of Rib and GlcA. FBTPS showed little toxicity to human hepatic epithelial (L-02) cell. FBTPS exhibited antioxidant activities, including limited scavenging activity on DPPH free radicals (ranged from 54.3 ± 1.9 to 67.8 ± 2.5%), noticeable scavenging activity on superoxide radicals (over 85%), superior scavenging activity on ABTS radicals (near 100%), and protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in rat pheochromocytoma line 12 (PC12) cell. Moreover, FBTPS showed significant amelioration of high-fat diet-induced oxidative injury in mice. The results suggest that FBTPS, as natural safe antioxidants, may have potential application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minhao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China.
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23
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Di T, Chen G, Sun Y, Ou S, Zeng X, Ye H. Antioxidant and immunostimulating activities in vitro of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Gracilaria rubra. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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24
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Enhancement of cordyceps polysaccharide production via biosynthetic pathway analysis in Hirsutella sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:872-880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Chen G, Yuan Q, Saeeduddin M, Ou S, Zeng X, Ye H. Recent advances in tea polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:663-678. [PMID: 27561538 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea has a long history of medicinal and dietary use. Tea polysaccharide (TPS) is regarded as one of the main bioactive constituents of tea and is beneficial for health. Over the last decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the studies on TPS: extraction, structural feature and bioactivity of TPS. However, it has been received much less attention compared with tea polyphenols. In order to provide new insight for further development of TPS in functional foods, in present review we summarize the recent literature, update the information and put forward future perspectives on TPS covering its extraction, purification, quantitative determination techniques as well as physicochemical characterization and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saeeduddin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Lin Z, Liao W, Ren J. Physicochemical Characterization of a Polysaccharide Fraction from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Its Macrophage Immunomodulatory and Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5813-5823. [PMID: 27345527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide fraction, here called POP1, was purified from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Physicochemical characterization indicated that POP1 had a relative molecular weight of 8.10 × 10(3) Da and consisted of rhamnose (5.74%), arabinose (12.58%), mannose (10.97%), glucose (64.96%), and galactose (6.55%). The main linkage types of POP1 consisted of (1→5)-linked α-l-Ara, (1→3)-linked α-l-Man, (1→6)-linked β-l-Rha, (1→4)-linked α-d-Glc, (1→6)-linked α-d-Glc, (1→6)-linked β-d-Gal, (1→3,6)-linked β-d-Gal, and termination with α-l-Man and α-d-Glc residues based on periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation, and NMR analysis. POP1 exhibited excellent immunostimulating activity by enhancing macrophage NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 secretion and activating related mRNA expression. Besides, POP1 showed significant anti-HBV activity through inhibiting the expression of HBsAg (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.12 mg/mL) and HBeAg (IC50 = 1.67 ± 0.13 mg/mL) and interfering with the HBV DNA replication (IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.03 mg/mL). The present study suggested that POP1 could be used as immunoregulatory agent in functional foods for the prevention of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University , Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510641, China
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27
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Xu J, Huang Y, Chen XX, Zheng SC, Chen P, Mo MH. The Mechanisms of Pharmacological Activities of Ophiocordyceps sinensis Fungi. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1572-1583. [PMID: 27373780 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, formerly known as Cordyceps sinensis, has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many illnesses. In recent years its usage has increased dramatically because of the improvement of people's living standard and the emphasis on health. Such demands have resulted in over-harvesting of this fungus in the wild. Fortunately, scientists have demonstrated that artificially cultured and fermented mycelial products of O. sinensis have similar pharmacological activities to wild O. sinensis. The availability of laboratory cultures will likely to further expand its usage for the treatment of various illnesses. In this review, we summarize recent results on the pharmacological activities of the components of O. sinensis and their putative mechanisms of actions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Chen
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Shuai-Chao Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ming-He Mo
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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28
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Zhang WN, Zhang HL, Lu CQ, Luo JP, Zha XQ. A new kinetic model of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Chinese chive. Food Chem 2016; 212:274-81. [PMID: 27374533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese chive, a famous green vegetable, is widely cultivated in the Asia. In the present study, we found that ultrasound caused the degradation of Chinese chive polysaccharides (CCP) in the process of extraction. Since lacking the consideration of polysaccharide degradation, the traditional kinetic models can not reflect the real extraction process of CCP. Therefore, a modified kinetic model was thus established by introducing a parameter of degradation coefficient based on the Fick's second law, suggesting the diffusion and degradation of CCP is highly dependent on the ultrasonic power, extraction temperature and solid-liquid ratio. According to this modified model, the maximum CCP yield was obtained under an optimal extraction condition including extraction temperature 37°C, ultrasonic power 458 w, extraction time 30min and solid-liquid ratio 1:32. The objective polysaccharides responding to ultrasound were shown to be four different fractions, contributing to the increased diffusion and degradation of CCP by ultrasound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Nan Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Liu X, Huang Y, Chen Y, Cao Y. Partial structural characterization, as well as immunomodulatory and anti-aging activities of CP2-c2-s2 polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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López-García M, García MSD, Vilariño JML, Rodríguez MVG. MALDI-TOF to compare polysaccharide profiles from commercial health supplements of different mushroom species. Food Chem 2015; 199:597-604. [PMID: 26776013 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy was investigated to characterise the β-glucan profiles of several commercial health supplements, without any derivatisation or purification pre-treatment. The effect of two solvents (water and dimethyl sulfoxide) and two MALDI matrices (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone) was first evaluated on dextran standards. MALDI-TOF was found as a useful and quick technique to obtain structural information of diverse food supplements based on mushroom extracts. The MALDI polysaccharide profiles of 5 supplements from different mushroom species were qualitatively similar showing [Glucan+Na](+) cations with a peak-to-peak mass difference of 16 Da consistent with the repeating unit of the β-(1→3)-glucan. The profiles strongly depended on the sample solvent used, with m/z values around 5000-8000 for water and 2000 for dimethyl sulfoxide; differences between samples were revealed in the molecular weight of the aqueous preparation, with the highest values for Maitake and Cordyceps species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-García
- Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | - María Sonia Dopico García
- Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | - José Manuel López Vilariño
- Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.
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Wu Z, Zhang M, Xie M, Dai Z, Wang X, Hu B, Ye H, Zeng X. Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Paecilomyces hepiali HN1. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 137:541-548. [PMID: 26686161 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Paecilomyces hepiali HN1 (PHMPs) were investigated. As results, the optimal parameters for extraction of PHMPs were obtained by a Box-Behnken design as follows: extraction temperature 92 °C, extracting time 190 min and ratio of water to material 43 mL/g. The analysis of monosaccharide composition by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that PHMPs was composed of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose in molar ratio of 46.07:0.59:2.25:1.29:1.42:18.82:26.17:1.13:2.26, respectively. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that PHMPs had a significant protective effect against oxidative stress induced by d-galactose in mice, as evident by higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and level of total antioxidant capacity, as well as lower levels of malondialdehyde in serums and livers compared to the d-galactose-treated group. These results suggested that PHMPs could be explored as promising natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Minhao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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