1
|
Deka B, Sarkar T, Bhattacharyya A, Butcher RJ, Banerjee S, Deka S, Saikia KK, Hussain A. Synthesis, characterization, and cancer cell-selective cytotoxicity of mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinolines and phenanthroline bases. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4952-4961. [PMID: 38275106 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes exhibiting selective toxicity towards a broad range of cancer types are highly desirable as potential anticancer agents. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of six new mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of general formula [Co(B)2(L)](ClO4)2 (1-6), where B is a N,N-donor phenanthroline base, namely, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1, 2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 3, 4), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz in 5, 6), and L is the monoanion of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ in 1, 3, 5) and 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (CQ in 2, 4, 6). The X-ray single crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 as PF6- salts revealed a distorted octahedral CoN5O coordination environment. Complexes demonstrated good stability in an aqueous buffer medium and in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reductant. Cytotoxicity studies using a panel of nine cancer cell lines showed that complex 6, with the dppz and CQ ligands, was significantly toxic against most cancer cell types, yielding IC50 values in the range of 2 to 14 μM. Complexes 1, 3, and 5, containing the HQ ligand, displayed lower toxicity compared to their CQ counterparts. The phenanthroline complexes demonstrated marginal toxicity towards the tested cell lines, while the dpq complexes exhibited moderate toxicity. Interestingly, all complexes demonstrated negligible toxicity towards normal HEK-293 kidney cells (IC50 > 100 μM). The observed cytotoxicity of the complexes correlated well with their lipophilicities (dppz > dpq > phen). The cytotoxicity of complex 6 was comparable to that of the clinical drug cisplatin under similar conditions. Notably, neither the HQ nor the CQ ligands alone demonstrated noticeable toxicity against any of the tested cell lines. The Annexin-V-FITC and DCFDA assays revealed that the cell death mechanism induced by the complexes involved apoptosis, which could be attributed to the metal-assisted generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, the dppz complex 6, with its remarkable cytotoxicity against a broad range of cancer cells and negligible toxicity toward normal cells, holds significant potential for cancer chemotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.
| | - Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.
| | - Arnab Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street, NW 20059, USA.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Sasanka Deka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110024, India.
| | - Kandarpa K Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palmeira-Mello MV, Caballero AB, Herrera-Ramírez P, Costa AR, Santana SS, Guedes GP, Caubet A, Batista AA, Gamez P, Lanznaster M. Cobalt(III)-py 2en systems as potential carriers of β-ketoester-based ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 248:112345. [PMID: 37562318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Two cobalt(III) complexes containing different β-ketoesters, namely [CoIII(L1)(py2en)](ClO4)2·H2O (1) and [CoIII(L2)(py2en)](ClO4)2 (2) (py2en = N,N'-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine; L1- = methylacetoacetate; L2- = ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate) have been prepared and investigated as prototypes of bioreductive prodrugs. The presence of β-ketoester and py2en ligands in 1 and 2, as well as the perchlorate counterions, was supported by IR spectroscopy and CHN elemental analysis. The composition molecular structure of both complexes was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. Structural information was also obtained for 2via X-ray diffraction analysis. The redox properties indicate that 1 and 2 are suitable for reduction under biological conditions. Investigation of DNA-interacting suggest that 1 and 2 bind DNA via electrostatic forces. Both complexes may be employed as possible platforms for the delivery of biologically active compounds, since their reaction with ascorbic acid in PBS at pH 6.2 and 7.4 at 37°C results in the release of the β-ketoester ligands upon Co(III)/Co(II) reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V Palmeira-Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13561-901 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro S. João Batista S/N, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.; nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Caballero
- nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Piedad Herrera-Ramírez
- nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Analu R Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13561-901 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Savyo S Santana
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro S. João Batista S/N, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Guedes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro S. João Batista S/N, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amparo Caubet
- nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), 13561-901 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrick Gamez
- nanoBIC, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Lanznaster
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro S. João Batista S/N, 24020-141 Niterói, RJ, Brazil..
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anderson SN, Elsberg JGD, Berreau LM. Light-induced O 2-dependent aliphatic carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage in bipyridine-ligated Co(II) chlorodiketonate complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4152-4160. [PMID: 36891768 PMCID: PMC10426287 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear bipyridine (bpy)-ligated Co(II) chlorodiketonate complexes [(bpy)2Co(R-PhC(O)C(Cl)C(O)R-Ph)]ClO4 (R = -H (8), -CH3 (9), and -OCH3 (10)), were prepared, characterized and investigated for O2-dependent aliphatic C-C bond cleavage reactivity. Complexes 8-10 have a distorted psuedo-octahedral geometry. 1H NMR spectra of 8-10 in CD3CN show signals for the coordinated diketonate moiety, and signals suggesting ligand exchange reactivity leading to the formation of a small amount of [(bpy)3Co](ClO4)2 (11) in solution. While 8-10 are air stable at room temperature, illumination at 350 nm results in oxidative cleavage reactivity within the diketonate moiety leading to the formation of 1,3-diphenylpropanetrione, benzoic acid, benzoic anhydride, and benzil. Illumination of 8 under 18O2 results in a high level of 18O incorporation (>80%) in the benzoate anion. The product mixture, high level of 18O incorporation, and additional mechanistic studies suggest a reaction sequence wherein light-induced reactivity leads to the formation of a triketone intermediate that undergoes either oxidative C-C bond cleavage or benzoyl migration promoted by a bipyridine-ligated Co(II) or Co(III) fragment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Josiah G D Elsberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Banik B, Ashokan A, Choi JH, Surnar B, Dhar S. Platin- C containing nanoparticles: a recipe for the delivery of curcumin-cisplatin combination chemotherapeutics to mitochondria. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3575-3585. [PMID: 36723189 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The success story of cisplatin spans over six decades now and yet it continues to be the key player in most chemotherapeutic regimens. Numerous efforts have been made to improve its efficacy, address its shortcomings, and overcome drug resistance. One such strategy is to develop new platinum(IV)-based prodrugs with functionally active ligands to deliver combination therapeutics. This strategy not only enables the drug candidate to access multiple drug targets but also enhances the kinetic inertness of platinum complexes and thereby ensures greater accumulation of active drugs at the target site. We report the synthesis of Platin-C, a platinum(IV)-based cisplatin prodrug tethered to the active component of ancient herbal medicine, curcumin, as one of the axial ligands. This combination complex showed improved chemotherapeutic efficacy in cisplatin resistant A2780/CP70 cell lines compared with the individual components. An amine-terminated biodegradable polymer was suitably functionalized with the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation to obtain a mitochondria-directed drug delivery platform. Quantification of Platin-C loading into these NPs using complementary techniques employing curcumin optical properties in high-performance liquid chromatography and platinum-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry evidenced efficacious payload incorporation resulting in functional activities of both the components. Stability studies for a period of one week indicated that the NPs remain stable, enabling substantial loading and controlled release of the prodrug. The targeting nanoparticle (NP) platform was utilized to deliver Platin-C primarily in the mitochondrial network of cancer cells as monitored using confocal microscopy employing the green fluorescence of the curcumin pendant. Our studies showed that amine terminated NPs were relatively less efficient in their ability to target mitochondria despite being positively charged. This re-validated the importance of lipophilic positively charged TPP surface functionalities to successfully target cellular mitochondria. We validated the capabilities of Platin-C and its mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles towards inflicting mitochondria-directed activity in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, our studies also demonstrated the effectiveness of Platin-C incorporated targeting NPs in attenuating cellular inflammatory markers by utilizing the curcumin component. This study advances our understanding of the cisplatin prodrug approach to combine chemotherapeutic and inflammatory effects in accessing combinatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhabatosh Banik
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India
| | - Akash Ashokan
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joshua H Choi
- Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das D, Noor A, Raza MK, Goswami TK. Co(II) complexes of curcumin and a ferrocene-based curcuminoid: a study on photo-induced antitumor activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:881-893. [PMID: 34550450 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Co(II) complexes having a ferrocene-based curcuminoid (Fc-curH) ligand viz. [Co(L)2(Fc-cur)]ClO4 (1, 2), where L is phenanthroline base, namely, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz in 2) have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated as photochemotherapeutic agents in vitro. The corresponding Co(II) complexes of the naturally occurring polyphenol curcumin (curH), namely, [Co(L)2(cur)]ClO4 (3, 4), where L is phen (in 3) and dppz (in 4) were synthesized and their photo-induced anticancer activities compared with their ferrocene containing counterparts 1 and 2. The Co(II) acetylacetonato complex viz. [Co(phen)2(acac)]ClO4 (5) was structurally characterized through X-ray crystallography and used as control for cellular experiments. The Co(II) complexes having ferrocene-based curcuminoid are remarkably stable at physiological condition with higher lipophilicity compared to their curcumin analogues. The complexes display significant binding propensity to calf thymus (ct) DNA and human serum albumin (HSA). The complexes 1-4 display remarkable visible light induced cytotoxicity with the ferrocenyl analogues showing more phototoxic index (PI). The Co(II) curcumin complexes localize in the nucleus and mitochondria of A549 cells. The primary cell death mechanism is believed to be apoptotic in nature induced by light assisted generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Graphic abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Aisha Noor
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Tridib K Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarkar T, Kumar A, Sahoo S, Hussain A. Mixed-Ligand Cobalt(III) Complexes of a Naturally Occurring Coumarin and Phenanthroline Bases as Mitochondria-Targeted Dual-Purpose Photochemotherapeutics. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6649-6662. [PMID: 33855849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bioessential nature of cobalt and the rich photochemistry of its coordination complexes can be exploited to develop potential next-generation photochemotherapeutics. A series of six novel mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of the formulation [Co(B)2(L)]ClO4 (1-6), where B is an N,N-donor phenanthroline base, namely, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1 and 4), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 2 and 5), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz in 3 and 6), and L is an O,O-donor dianionic ligand derived from catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene, cat2-, in 1-3) or esculetin (6,7-dihydoxycoumarin, esc2-, in 4-6), have been prepared and characterized, and their light-triggered cytotoxicity has been studied in cancer cells. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of complexes 1 (as PF6- salt, 1a) and 2 show distorted octahedral geometries around the cobalt(III) center formed by the set of N4O2 donor atoms. The low-spin and 1:1 electrolytic complexes 1-6 display a d-d transition around 700 nm. Complexes 4-6 with a coordinated esc2- ligand additionally display a π → π* intraligand transition centered at 403 nm. Complexes 4-6 possessing a naturally occurring and photoactive esc2- ligand show high visible-light-triggered cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells, yielding remarkably low micromolar IC50 values while being much less toxic under dark conditions. Control complexes 1-3 possessing the photoinactive cat2- ligand show significantly less cytotoxicity either in the presence of light or in the dark. The complex-induced cell death is apoptotic in nature caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species via a type 1 photoredox pathway. Fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with complex 6 reveals mitochondrial localization of the complex. A significant decrease in the dark toxicity of free esculetin and dppz base is observed upon coordination to cobalt(III). Complexes bind to calf-thymus DNA with significant affinity, but 6 binds with the greatest affinity. Complex 6 efficiently photocleaves supercoiled DNA to its nicked circular form when irradiated with visible light via a photoredox type 1 pathway involving hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Thus, complex 6 showing remarkable visible-light-triggered cytotoxicity but negligible toxicity in the dark is a good candidate for cancer photochemotherapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Yang QQ, Farha AK, Kim G, Gul K, Gan RY, Corke H. Antimicrobial and anticancer applications and related mechanisms of curcumin-mediated photodynamic treatments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Grabner S, Modec B. Zn(II) Curcuminate Complexes with 2,2'-bipyridine and Carboxylates. Molecules 2019; 24:E2540. [PMID: 31336808 PMCID: PMC6680645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel zinc(II) compounds with curcuminate (abbreviated as cur-), [Zn(CH3COO)(cur)(bpy)](1)·CH3OH·2H2O (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and [Zn(PhCOO)(cur)(bpy)] (2)·CH3OH, have been synthesized and characterized. Their composition has been determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 are similar: in both a five-fold coordination environment of zinc(II) consists of a monodentate carboxylate, a chelating bidentate 2,2'-bipyridine, and curcuminate, which is bound via a deprotonated 1,3-dione moiety. In 1, 2,2'-bipyridine nitrogen atoms and curcuminate oxygen atoms form the base of a square pyramid, whereas the acetate oxygen occupies its apex. The O3N2 donor set in 2 defines a polyhedron which more closely resembles a trigonal bipyramid. The packing in the crystal lattices of both compounds is governed by hydrogen-bonds. Complexes 1 and 2 display higher stability than curcumin in buffered media at pH = 7.0, however, the degradation of coordinated cur- is comparable to that of yellow pigment curcumin (curH) when the pH is raised to 7.2. Both complexes 1 and 2 in DMSO exhibit fluorescence with Stokes shifts of 5367 and 4634 cm-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Grabner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Modec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sudhamani CN, Bhojya Naik HS, Sangeetha Gowda KR, Girija D, Giridhar M. DNA binding, prominent photonuclease activity and antibacterial PDT of cobalt(II) complexes of phenanthroline based photosensitizers. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 37:546-562. [PMID: 30475663 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2018.1508691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of Co(II) complexes showing efficient light induced DNA cleavage activity, binding propensity to calf thymus DNA and antibacterial PDT is summarized in this article. Complexes of formulation [Co(mqt)(B)2]ClO4 1-3 where mqt is 4-methylquinoline-2-thiol and B is N,N-donor heterocyclic base, viz. 1,10-phenanthroline (phen 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq 2) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz 3) have been prepared and characterized. The DNA-binding behaviors of these three complexes were explored by absorption spectra, viscosity measurements and thermal denaturation studies. The DNA binding constants for complexes 1, 2 and 3 were determined to be 1.6 × 103 M-1, 1.1 × 104 M-1 and 6.4 × 104 M-1 respectively. The experimental results suggest that these complexes interact with DNA through groove binding mode. The complexes show significant photocleavage of supercoiled (SC) DNA proceeds via a type-II process forming singlet oxygen as the reactive species. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was studied using photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) assay against E. coli and all complexes exhibited significant reduction in bacterial growth on photoirradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chittanahalli N Sudhamani
- a Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences , Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta , India
| | - Halehatty S Bhojya Naik
- a Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences , Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta , India
| | - Kalligundi R Sangeetha Gowda
- a Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences , Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta , India
| | - Dugganna Girija
- a Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences , Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta , India
| | - Manju Giridhar
- a Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences , Kuvempu University , Shankaraghatta , India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mitochondria localizing high-spin iron complexes of curcumin for photo-induced drug release. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Fakayode OJ, Tsolekile N, Songca SP, Oluwafemi OS. Applications of functionalized nanomaterials in photodynamic therapy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:49-67. [PMID: 29294258 PMCID: PMC5803176 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Specially designed functionalized nanomaterials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide, gold, quantum dots and up- and down-conversion lanthanide series nanoparticles have consistently and completely revolutionized the biomedical environment over the past few years due to their specially inferring properties, such as specific drug delivery, plasmonic effect, optical and imaging properties, therapeutic thermal energy productionand excellent irresistible cellular penetration. These properties have been used to improve many existing disease treatment modalities and have led to the development of better therapeutic approaches for the advancement of the treatment of critical human diseases, such as cancers and related malaise. In photodynamic therapy, for example, where the delivery of therapeutic agents should ideally avoid toxicity on nearby healthy cells, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been shown to be capable of making photodynamic therapy (PDT) prodrugs and their associative targeting moieties tumor-specific via their unique response to an external magnetic fields. In this review, the nanomaterials commonly employed for the enhancement of photodynamic therapy are discussed. The review further describes the various methods of synthesis and characterization of these nanomaterials and highlights challenges for improving the efficacy of PDT in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi J Fakayode
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ncediwe Tsolekile
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandile P Songca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, PB X1001, Kwadlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi S Oluwafemi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Areas ES, Bronsato BJDS, Pereira TM, Guedes GP, Miranda FDS, Kümmerle AE, da Cruz AGB, Neves AP. Novel Co III complexes containing fluorescent coumarin-N-acylhydrazone hybrid ligands: Synthesis, crystal structures, solution studies and DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:130-142. [PMID: 28683368 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of new CoIII complexes of the type [Co(dien)(L1-L3)]ClO4 (1-3), containing fluorescent coumarin-N-acylhydrazonate hybrid ligands, (E)-N'-(1-(7-oxido-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)-4-R-benzohydrazonate [where R=H (L12-), OCH3 (L22-) or Cl (L32-)], were obtained and isolated in the low spin CoIII configuration. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the coumarin-N-acylhydrazones act as tridentate ligands in their deprotonated form (L2-). The cation (+1) complexes contain a diethylenetriamine (dien) as auxiliary ligand and their structures were calculated by DFT studies which were also performed for the CoII (S=1/2 and S=3/2) configurations. The LS CoII (S=1/2) concentrated the spin density on the O-Co-O axis while the HS CoII (S=3/2) exhibited a broad spin density distribution around the metallic center. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that structural modifications made in the L2- ligands caused a slight influence on the electronic density of the metal center, and the E1/2 values for the CoIII/CoII redox couple increased following the electronic effect of the R-substituent, in the order: 2 (R=OCH3)<1 (R=H)<3 (R=Cl). The theoretical redox potentials (E°) of the process CoIII→CoII were calculated for both CoII spin states (S=1/2 and S=3/2) and a better correlation was found for CoIII→CoII (S=1/2), compared with experimental values vs SHE (E°calc=-0.37, -0.36 and -0.32V vs E°exp.=-0.371, -0.406 and -0.358V, for 1-3 respectively). Complexes 1-3 exhibited a very intense absorption band around 470nm, assigned by DFT calculations as π-π* transitions from the delocalized coumarin-N-acylhydrazone system. 1-3 were very stable in MeOH for several days. Likewise, 1-3 were stable in phosphate buffer containing sodium ascorbate after 15h, which was attributed to the high chelate effect and σ-donor ability of the L2- and dien ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Areas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Juliana da S Bronsato
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Guedes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio da S Miranda
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur E Kümmerle
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio G B da Cruz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Neves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus de Seropédica, BR-465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang SJ, Peng YL, Zhang CG, Ma QP, Peng XX, Ren LL. Synthesis of Tailed Metalloporphyrins Modified with 2-Chloronicotinic Acid and Interactions with Human Serum Albumin. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Langfang Teachers University; Langfang 065000 China
| | - Yu Ling Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Langfang Teachers University; Langfang 065000 China
| | - Cheng Gen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Langfang Teachers University; Langfang 065000 China
| | - Qi Peng Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Langfang Teachers University; Langfang 065000 China
| | - Xiao Xia Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Langfang Teachers University; Langfang 065000 China
| | - Li Lei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Langfang Teachers University; Langfang 065000 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
dos Santos FS, Dias GG, de Freitas RP, Santos LS, de Lima GF, Duarte HA, de Simone CA, Rezende LMSL, Vianna MJX, Correa JR, Neto BAD, da Silva Júnior EN. Redox Center Modification of Lapachones towards the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles as Selective Fluorescent Mitochondrial Imaging Probes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola S. dos Santos
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Gleiston G. Dias
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Rossimiriam P. de Freitas
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Santos
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. de Lima
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Hélio A. Duarte
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Carlos A. de Simone
- Department of Physics and Informatics; Institute of Physics; University of São Paulo; 13560-160 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Lidia M. S. L. Rezende
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Brasilia; P. O. Box 4478 70904970 Brasilia DF Brazil
| | - Monique J. X. Vianna
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Brasilia; P. O. Box 4478 70904970 Brasilia DF Brazil
| | - José R. Correa
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Brasilia; P. O. Box 4478 70904970 Brasilia DF Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Brasilia; P. O. Box 4478 70904970 Brasilia DF Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Federal University of Minas Gerais; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Banerjee S, Dixit A, Karande AA, Chakravarty AR. Endoplasmic reticulum targeting tumour selective photocytotoxic oxovanadium(IV) complexes having vitamin-B6 and acridinyl moieties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:783-96. [PMID: 26645854 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxovanadium(iv) complexes of vitamin-B6 Schiff base, viz., [VO(HL(1)/L(2)/L(3))(B)]Cl (), where B is 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy in and ), 11-(9-acridinyl)dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (acdppz in and ), H2L(1)·HCl is 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium chloride (in and ), HL(2) is 2-(((2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (in ) and HL(3) is 4-(((2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (in ) were synthesized, characterized and their cellular uptake, photo-activated cytotoxicity and intracellular localization were studied. Complexes , as the perchlorate salt of , and , as the hexafluorophosphate salt of , were structurally characterized. Vitamin-B6 transporting membrane carrier (VTC) mediated entry into tumour cells in preference to the normal ones seems to be responsible for the higher cellular uptake of the complexes into HeLa and MCF-7 cells over MCF-10A cells. Complexes and having acdppz as the photosensitizer exhibit remarkable photocytotoxicity in these cancer cells giving IC50 of <0.9 μM. The complexes remain non-toxic in the dark. The complexes show photo-induced apoptotic cell death via singlet oxygen ((1)O2) generation. Fluorescence microscopy reveals specific localization of complex to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and generation of (1)O2 possibly leads to apoptotic cell death by triggering ER stress response (ERSR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samya Banerjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akanksha Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garai A, Pant I, Banerjee S, Banik B, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Photorelease and Cellular Delivery of Mitocurcumin from Its Cytotoxic Cobalt(III) Complex in Visible Light. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6027-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Garai
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ila Pant
- Department
of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department
of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Metal complexes of curcumin and curcumin derivatives for molecular imaging and anticancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Sarkar T, Butcher RJ, Banerjee S, Mukherjee S, Hussain A. Visible light-induced cytotoxicity of a dinuclear iron(III) complex of curcumin with low-micromolar IC50 value in cancer cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Li W, Gan X, Liu D, Tian X, Yu J, Tian Y, Wu J, Zhou H. High contrast off–on fluorescence photo-switching via copper ion recognition, trans–cis isomerization and ring closure of a thiosemicarbazide Schiff base. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two independently addressable photochromic systems based on distinct mechanisms and selective recognition for Cu2+were investigated in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
- School of Science
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Center of Stem Cell Research and Transformation Medicine
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Jieying Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang G, Tan J, Zhang YZ, Ta C, Sanchez S, Cheng SY, Golen JA, Rheingold AL. Syntheses, structures and cytotoxicity of cobalt(II) complexes with 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
24
|
Sarkar T, Banerjee S, Hussain A. Significant photocytotoxic effect of an iron(iii) complex of a Schiff base ligand derived from vitamin B6and thiosemicarbazide in visible light. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An iron(iii)–Schiff base complex derived from vitamin B6and thiosemicarbazide is significantly photocytotoxic to HeLa cancer cells in visible light (400 nm–700 nm) but non-toxic in the absence of light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Handique Girls' College
- Guwahati 781001
- India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560 012
- India
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Handique Girls' College
- Guwahati 781001
- India
| |
Collapse
|