1
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Bulger AS, Turner DW, Zhou Q, Houk KN, Garg NK. Evaluation of Retro-Aldol vs Retro-Carbonyl-Ene Mechanistic Pathways in a Complexity-Generating C-C Bond Fragmentation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3602-3606. [PMID: 38648196 PMCID: PMC11068157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational investigation of the likely mechanism of a cascade reaction. The reaction involves an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, followed by a C-C bond cleavage, to afford a complex bridged bicyclic product. As multiple reaction pathways could be envisioned for the latter step, the mechanism of the C-C bond cleavage step was investigated. Two reasonable reaction pathways were evaluated. Both computations and experiments indicate that the C-C bond cleavage step proceeds by a retro-carbonyl-ene pathway rather than a retro-aldol pathway. This report underscores the synergy between computational and experimental studies and establishes the mechanism of an interesting complexity-generating transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Daniel W Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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2
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Spence KA, Hoffmann M, Garg NK. Total Synthesis of Phenanthroindolizidines Using Strained Azacyclic Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:5044-5048. [PMID: 37379230 PMCID: PMC10460089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a concise approach to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, wherein strained azacyclic alkynes are intercepted in Pd-catalyzed annulations. Two types of strained intermediates were evaluated: a functionalized piperidyne and a new strained intermediate, an indolizidyne. We show that each can be employed, ultimately allowing access to three natural products: tylophorine, tylocrebine, and isotylocrebine. These efforts demonstrate the successful merger of strained azacyclic alkyne chemistry with transition-metal catalysis for the construction of complex heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Spence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Marie Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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3
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Mori T. Functions, Structures, and Engineering of the Teleocidin Biosynthetic Enzymes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:188-197. [PMID: 36858523 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Teleocidins are natural products belonging to the indole alkaloid family and show potent protein kinase C activation activity. The structural feature of teleocidins is an indole-fused nine-membered lactam ring structure. Due to their unique structures and strong biological activities, many total synthesis and biosynthetic studies of teleocidins have been performed. Teleocidin biosynthesis involves interesting enzymatic reactions that are challenging in organic synthesis, including oxidative intramolecular C-N bond-forming reactions, regio- and stereo-selective reverse prenylation reactions, and methylation-triggered terpene cyclization. This review summarizes the recent research on functional and structural analyses, as well as enzyme engineering, of teleocidin biosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency
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4
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Qin X, Zou N, Nong C, Mo D. Recent Advances on the Synthesis of Nine-Membered N-Heterocycles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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5
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Koiwa D, Ohira M, Hiramatsu T, Abe H, Kawamoto T, Ishihara Y, Ignacio B, Mansour N, Romoff T. Rapid and efficient syntheses of tryptophans using a continuous-flow quaternization-substitution reaction of gramines with a chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8331-8340. [PMID: 36250233 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow quaternization reaction of gramines with MeI (<1 min) followed by a substitution reaction with a chiral nucleophilic glycine-derived Ni-complex (S)-2 (<1 min) has successfully been developed to afford the corresponding alkylated Ni-complexes 3 in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity, based on the results of a one-pot quaternization-substitution reaction of gramines with (S)-2 in a batch process. The continuous-flow process allowed the safe and efficient scale-up synthesis of 3j (84% yield, 99% de, 540 g h-1) to give 7-azatryptophan derivative (S)-4j readily by an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction followed by protection with an Fmoc group. The present method for the rapid and efficient syntheses of enantiopure unnatural tryptophan derivatives from various gramines and (S)-2 will be useful to further promote peptide and protein drug discovery and development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Koiwa
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Ohira
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hiramatsu
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Abe
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ishihara
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Bernardo Ignacio
- Hamari Chemicals USA, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd Suite 3, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Noel Mansour
- Hamari Chemicals USA, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd Suite 3, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Todd Romoff
- Hamari Chemicals USA, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd Suite 3, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
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6
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Song J, Lu G, Yang B, Bai M, Li J, Wang F, Lei T, Jiang S. A concise first total synthesis of luteoride A and luteoride B. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Mendoza M, Tran U, Zhang GC, Leister J, To K, Malepeai-Tofaeono T, Ondrus AE, Billingsley KL. Indolactam Dipeptides as Nanomolar Gli Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1036-1042. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - UyenPhuong Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - Grace C. Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeffrey Leister
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - Kyle To
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - Theodore Malepeai-Tofaeono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - Alison E. Ondrus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Kelvin L. Billingsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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8
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Li X, He Q, Fan R. Divergent synthesis of 4-amino indoles with free amine groups via tandem reaction of 2-alkynylanilines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dearomatization method for divergent synthesis of 4-amino indoles having N1 or C4 free amine groups from 2-alkynylanilines was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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9
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Yang S, An XD, Qiu B, Liu RB, Xiao J. Access to Polycyclic Indole-3,4-Fused Nine-Membered Ring via Cascade 1,6-Hydride Transfer/Cyclization. Org Lett 2021; 23:9100-9105. [PMID: 34766504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A cascade aldimine condensation/1,6-hydride transfer/Mannich-type cyclization of indole-derived phenylenediamine with aldehydes was developed for one-step construction of a polycyclic indole-3,4-fused skeleton. Aldehyde serves as a key to start the whole process, including 1,6-hydride transfer enabled δ-C(sp3)-H activation of the secondary amine. The challenges of construction of medium-sized rings are addressed via hydride transfer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao-De An
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rui-Bin Liu
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.,School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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10
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Wei J, Liu Y. Mechanistic Insights into the P450 TleB-Catalyzed Unusual Intramolecular C-N Bond Formation Involved in the Biosynthesis of Indolactam V. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3638-3648. [PMID: 34240606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Indolactam V, a known biosynthetic precursor of indolactam alkaloids, is the main pharmacophore of this family and exhibits potential protein kinase C activation. A key step in the biosynthesis of indolactam V is the formation of an indole-fused nine-membered lactam core by intramolecular C-N bond formation. In this work, we report a computational study of the unique cytochrome P450 TleB enzyme-catalyzed direct and selective C-H bond amination reaction that can generate indolactam V from the dipeptide N-methylvalyl-tryptophanol. By performing molecular dynamics simulations and quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical calculations, we revealed that the C-H bond amination involves one step of proton transfer from N1-H of the indole ring to the FeIV═O unit, one step of hydrogen abstraction of N13-H in the side chain of the substrate by the FeIV-OH unit, and diradical coupling, in which two conformational changes of the side chain of the substrate are necessary. In the enzyme-substrate complex of TleB, the N-H bond of the indole ring of the substrate forms a strong hydrogen bond with the FeIV═O unit in compound I, and the porphyrin radical cation accepts an electron from the substrate to form the closed-shell electronic configuration. Thus, compound I in the enzyme-substrate complex cannot be described as FeIV═O coupled to a porphyrin radical cation, which is different from those of other P450 enzymes. Besides, two stages of conformational changes of the side chains of the substrate may increase the relative energies of reaction intermediates by 10-12 kcal/mol. From the structure point of view, it is the rotatable long side chain of the substrate and the large flexible active pocket of TleB that make the intramolecular diradical coupling feasible. Our findings may provide useful information to further understand the Tleb-catalyzed intramolecular C-H bond amination and the other bio-catalyzed intramolecular diradical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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11
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Wen J, Shi Z. From C4 to C7: Innovative Strategies for Site-Selective Functionalization of Indole C-H Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1723-1736. [PMID: 33709705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of hydrocarbons makes C-H functionalization an attractive alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods. As indole is an important heteroarene in a plethora of natural products and pharmaceuticals, C-H functionalization of indole moieties has emerged as one of the most important topics in this field. Due to the presence of multiple C-H bonds in indoles, site selectivity is a long-standing challenge. Much effort has been devoted to the C-H functionalization of indoles at the C3 or C2 position, while accessing the benzene core (from C4 to C7) is considerably more challenging.This Account summarizes our recent efforts toward site-selective C-H functionalization of indoles at the benzene core based on innovative strategies. A common method to solve the issue involves the development of directing groups (DGs). Our early studies establish that the installation of the N-P(O)tBu2 group at the N position can produce C7 and C6 arylation products using palladium and copper catalysts, respectively. The developed system can also be extended to direct arylation of indoles at the C5 and C4 positions by installing a pivaloyl group at the C3 position. Further investigation of indoles bearing N-PtBu2 groups shows a more diverse reactivity for C-H functionalizations at the C7 position, including arylation, olefination, acylation, alkylation, silylation, and carbonylation with different coupling partners. Compared to the P(V) DG, the P(III) group can be easily attached to the indole substrates and detached from the products. However, these attractive reactions rely mostly on precious metal catalysts with ligands; this requirement can be a significant limitation, particularly for large-scale syntheses and the necessity of removal of toxic trace metals in pharmaceutical products. We have also uncovered a general strategy for chelation-assisted aromatic C-H borylation just using simple BBr3 under mild conditions, in which the installation of pivaloyl groups at the N1 or C3 position of indoles can selectively deliver the boron species to the unfavorable C7 or C4 positions and allow subsequent C-H borylation without any metal. This transition-metal-free strategy can be extended to synthesize C7 and C4 hydroxylated indoles by boron-mediated directed C-H hydroxylation under mild reaction conditions and with broad functional group compatibility.In this Account, we describe our contributions to this topic since 2015. These studies provide efficient and attractive methods for the divergent synthesis of valuable substituted indoles and insights into the exploration of new strategies for the site-selective C-H functionalization and directives for other important heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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13
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Sarmah M, Sharma A, Gogoi P. Exploration of Kobayashi's aryne precursor: a potent reactive platform for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:722-737. [PMID: 33432965 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arynes due to their transient nature leads to remarkable and versatile applications in the synthetic world. Apparently, researchers have focused on the construction of simple to complex π-conjugated systems using arynes as the reactive platform. In this regard, Kobayashi's aryne precursor has shown a great extent of reactivity and afforded significant advancement in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic systems with wide practical utility. This review emphasizes the extensive utilization of Kobayashi's aryne intermediates and their derivatives for the synthesis of different classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manashi Sarmah
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam, Jorhat 785006, India.
| | - Abhilash Sharma
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam, Jorhat 785006, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam, Jorhat 785006, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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14
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Qiu W, Wang W, Liu Y, Fan R. Synthesis of N-indolated amino acids or peptides from 2-alkynylanilines via a dearomatization process. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A process for the rapid synthesis of N-indolated amino acids or peptides from readily available 2-alkynylanilines via dearomatization was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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15
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Morita I, Mori T, Abe I. Enzymatic Formation of Indolactam Scaffold by C−N Bond‐Forming Cytochrome P450 Oxidases in Teleocidin Biosynthesis. Chemistry 2020; 27:2963-2972. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iori Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113–8657 Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113–8657 Japan
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16
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Salman M, Xu Y, Khan S, Zhang J, Khan A. Regioselective molybdenum-catalyzed allylic substitution of tertiary allylic electrophiles: methodology development and applications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5481-5486. [PMID: 34094074 PMCID: PMC8159339 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The first molybdenum-catalyzed allylic sulfonylation of tertiary allylic electrophiles is described. The method employs a readily accessible catalyst (Mo(CO)6/2,2′-bipyridine, both are commercially available) and represents the first example of the use of a group 6 transition metal-catalyst for allylic sulfonylation of substituted tertiary allylic electrophiles to form carbon–sulfur bonds. This atom economic and operationally simple methodology is characterized by its relatively mild conditions, wide substrate scope, and excellent regioselectivity profile, thus unlocking a new platform to forge sulfone moieties, even in the context of late-stage functionalization and providing ample opportunities for further derivatization through traditional Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The first general example of Mo-catalyzed allylic sulfonylation of tertiary allylic electrophile provides an efficient way to forge sulfone moieties, and providing ample opportunities for further transformation through traditional Suzuki cross-coupling.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiao Tong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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17
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Wang W, Yang M, Han D, He Q, Fan R. Tandem Palladium Catalysis for Rapid Construction of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Forensic ScienceGannan Medical University 1 Yixueyuan Road, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Han
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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18
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De S, Sivendran N, Maity B, Pirkl N, Koley D, Gooßen LJ. Dinuclear PdI Catalysts in Equilibrium Isomerizations: Mechanistic Understanding, in Silico Casting, and Catalyst Development. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Fakultät Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bholanath Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Nico Pirkl
- Fakultät Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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19
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Li X, Li L, Wang W, He Q, Fan R. Synthesis of 4,7-Difunctionalized Indoles via Imino Exchange and Sulfinyl Migration. Org Lett 2020; 22:823-826. [PMID: 31971394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A process that rapidly assembles 4,7-difunctionalized indoles from 2-alkynycyclohexadienimines, sulfinamides, and nucleophiles (amines or alcohols) was developed. The process involves imino exchange, cascade cyclization/1,4-nucleophilic addition/aromatization, and 1,3-migration of the sulfinyl group. The 7-sulfinyl group is easy to convert into the sulfonyl or the thioether group through a simple oxidation and reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
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20
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Kelleghan AV, Busacca CA, Sarvestani M, Volchkov I, Medina JM, Garg NK. Safety Assessment of Benzyne Generation from a Silyl Triflate Precursor. Org Lett 2020; 22:1665-1669. [PMID: 32017583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silyl triflate precursors to benzyne and related intermediates have emerged as valuable synthetic building blocks. However, data addressing the safety of employing these silyl triflate precursors are lacking. We report the calorimetric analysis of a typical Kobayashi procedure for forming and trapping benzyne using a silyl triflate precursor. Our findings suggest that, unlike benzenediazonium carboxylate precursors to benzyne, silyl triflates may be employed under mild conditions without severe concern for runaway reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Kelleghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Carl A Busacca
- Chemical Development , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 900 Ridgebury Road , Ridgefield , Connecticut 06877-0368 , United States
| | - Max Sarvestani
- Chemical Development , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 900 Ridgebury Road , Ridgefield , Connecticut 06877-0368 , United States
| | - Ivan Volchkov
- Chemical Development , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 900 Ridgebury Road , Ridgefield , Connecticut 06877-0368 , United States
| | - Jose M Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
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21
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Shaughnessy KH. Development of Palladium Precatalysts that Efficiently Generate LPd(0) Active Species. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0336 USA
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22
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Huang T, Zhao Y, Meng S, Chan ASC, Zhao J. C7‐Functionalization of Indoles via Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of 4‐Amino‐ indoles with 2‐Butene‐1,4‐diones and 3‐Aroylacrylates. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongkun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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23
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Pollini J, Pankau WM, Gooßen LJ. Isomerizing Olefin Metathesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:7416-7425. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Pollini
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolf M. Pankau
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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24
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Nakamura H, Yasui K, Kanda Y, Baran PS. 11-Step Total Synthesis of Teleocidins B-1-B-4. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1494-1497. [PMID: 30636411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A unified and modular approach to the teleocidin B family of natural products is presented that proceeds in 11 steps and features an array of interesting strategies and methods. Indolactam V, the known biosynthetic precursor to this family, was accessed through electrochemical amination, Cu-mediated aziridine opening, and a remarkable base-induced macrolactamization. Guided by a desire to minimize concession steps, the tactical combination of C-H borylation and a Sigman-Heck transform enabled the convergent, stereocontrolled synthesis of the teleocidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Yuzuru Kanda
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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25
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Cullen A, Pearson LA, Mazmouz R, Liu T, Soeriyadi AH, Ongley SE, Neilan BA. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterisation of cyanotoxin biosynthesis pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1117-1136. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses cyanotoxin biosynthetic pathways and highlights the heterologous expression and biochemical studies used to characterise them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alescia Cullen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Leanne A. Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Rabia Mazmouz
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Tianzhe Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Angela H. Soeriyadi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Sarah E. Ongley
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
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26
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Pirkl N, Del Grosso A, Mallick B, Doppiu A, Gooßen LJ. Dihalogen-bridged NHC–palladium(i) dimers: synthesis, characterisation and applications in cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5275-5278. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diiodo-bridged, dinuclear NHC–PdI complexes have been synthesised and utilised as one-component pre-catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura, Buchwald–Hartwig, and Sonogashira reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Pirkl
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Alessandro Del Grosso
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | | | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruhr Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
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27
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28
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Qiu X, Wang P, Wang D, Wang M, Yuan Y, Shi Z. PIII
-Chelation-Assisted Indole C7-Arylation, Olefination, Methylation, and Acylation with Carboxylic Acids/Anhydrides by Rhodium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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29
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Qiu X, Wang P, Wang D, Wang M, Yuan Y, Shi Z. PIII
-Chelation-Assisted Indole C7-Arylation, Olefination, Methylation, and Acylation with Carboxylic Acids/Anhydrides by Rhodium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1504-1508. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
- School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 226001 China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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30
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Hobson C, Perryman MS, Kirby G, Clarkson GJ, Fox DJ. Synthesis of enantiomerically-enriched N-aryl amino-amides via a Jocic-type reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Yoshida S. Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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32
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Jiménez-Andreu MM, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C. An Improved Synthesis of the Antibiotic Dehydrophos. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mercedes Jiménez-Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Francisco J. Sayago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiwu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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34
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Nabi AA, Liyu J, Lindsay AC, Sperry J. C4−H alkoxylation of 6-bromoindole and its application to the synthesis of breitfussin B. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Xun W, Xu B, Chen B, Meng S, Chan ASC, Qiu FG, Zhao J. Regio and Enantioselective Organocatalytic Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of 4-Aminoindoles at the C7-Position. Org Lett 2018; 20:590-593. [PMID: 29341624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed highly regio- and enantioselective Friedel-Crafts alkylation at the indole C7-position was developed via the introduction of an alkylamine moiety at the C4-position of the indole ring. The methodology is applicable to a wide range of 4-aminoindoles and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketimino esters to furnish the corresponding C7-position functionalized chiral indole derivatives in high yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the α-ketimino ester moiety in the products is a versatile building block and enables many further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xun
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Shanshui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Albert S C Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fayang G Qiu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - Junling Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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36
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Stein J, Stahn S, Neudörfl JM, Sperlich J, Schmalz HG, Teusch N. Synthetic Indolactam V Analogues as Inhibitors of PAR2-Induced Calcium Mobilization in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:147-154. [PMID: 29195005 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is an attractive target for a novel anticancer therapy, as it plays a critical role in cell migration and invasion. Selective PAR2 inhibitors therefore have potential as anti-metastatic drugs. Knowing that the natural product teleocidin A2 is able to inhibit PAR2 in tumor cells, the goal of the present study was to elaborate structure-activity relationships and to identify potent PAR2 inhibitors with lower activity against the adverse target, protein kinase C (PKC). For this purpose, an efficient gram-scale total synthesis of indolactam V (i.e., the parent structure of all teleocidins) was developed, and a library of derivatives was prepared. Some compounds were indeed found to exhibit high potency as PAR2 inhibitors at low nanomolar concentrations with improved selectivity (relative to teleocidin A2). The pseudopeptidic fragment bridging the C3 and C4 positions of the indole core proved to be essential for target binding, whereas activity and target selectivity depends on the substituents at N1 or C7. This study revealed novel derivatives that show high efficacy in PAR2 antagonism combined with increased selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stein
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Sonja Stahn
- Technische Hochschule Köln, Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, G. E39, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Jörg-M Neudörfl
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Julia Sperlich
- Technische Hochschule Köln, Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, G. E39, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Nicole Teusch
- Technische Hochschule Köln, Bio-Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee, G. E39, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
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37
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Kroc MA, Prajapati A, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Cascade Synthesis of 3-Functionalized Indoles from Nitrones and Their Conversion to Cycloheptanone-Fused Indoles. J Org Chem 2017; 83:1085-1094. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Kroc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ami Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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38
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Johnson TC, Siegel D. Directing Stem Cell Fate: The Synthetic Natural Product Connection. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12052-12086. [PMID: 28771328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells possess remarkable potential for the treatment of a broad array of diseases including many that lack therapeutic options. However, the use of cell-based products derived from stem cells as therapeutics has limitations including rejection, sufficient availability, and lack of appropriate engraftment. Chemical control of stem cells provides potential solutions for overcoming many of the current limitations in cell-based therapeutics. The development of exogenous molecules to control stem cell self-renewal or differentiation has arrived at natural product-based agents as an important class of modulators. The ex vivo production of cryopreserved cellular products for use in tissue repair is a relatively new area of medicine in which the conventional hurdles to implementing chemicals to effect human health are changed. Translational challenges centered on chemistry, such as pharmacokinetics, are reduced. Importantly, in many cases the desired human tissues can be evaluated against new chemicals, and approaches to cellular regulation can be validated in the clinically applicable system. As a result linking new and existing laboratory syntheses of natural products with findings of the compounds' unique abilities to regulate stem cell fate provides opportunities for developing improved methods for tissue manufacture, accessing probe compounds, and generating new leads that yield manufactured cells with improved properties. This review provides a summary of natural products that have shown promise in controlling stem cell fate and which have also been fully synthesized thereby providing chemistry platforms for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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39
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Cai X, Keshavarz A, Omaque JD, Stokes BJ. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of β-Benzylstyrenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:2626-2629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cai
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Amir Keshavarz
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Justin D. Omaque
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Stokes
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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40
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Videau P, Wells KN, Singh AJ, Gerwick WH, Philmus B. Assessment of Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120 as a Heterologous Expression Host for Cyanobacterial Natural Products: Production of Lyngbyatoxin A. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:978-88. [PMID: 27176641 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well-known producers of natural products of highly varied structure and biological properties. However, the long doubling times, difficulty in establishing genetic methods for marine cyanobacteria, and low compound titers have hindered research into the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites. While a few attempts to heterologously express cyanobacterial natural products have occurred, the results have been of varied success. Here, we report the first steps in developing the model freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 (Anabaena 7120) as a general heterologous expression host for cyanobacterial secondary metabolites. We show that Anabaena 7120 can heterologously synthesize lyngbyatoxin A in yields comparable to those of the native producer, Moorea producens, and detail the design and use of replicative plasmids for compound production. We also demonstrate that Anabaena 7120 recognizes promoters from various biosynthetic gene clusters from both free-living and obligate symbiotic marine cyanobacteria. Through simple genetic manipulations, the titer of lyngbyatoxin A can be improved up to 13-fold. The development of Anabaena 7120 as a general heterologous expression host enables investigation of interesting cyanobacterial biosynthetic reactions and genetic engineering of their biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William H. Gerwick
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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41
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Medina JM, Jackl MK, Susick RB, Garg NK. Synthetic studies pertaining to the 2,3-pyridyne and 4,5-pyrimidyne. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Haynes-Smith J, Diaz I, Billingsley KL. Modular Total Synthesis of Protein Kinase C Activator (-)-Indolactam V. Org Lett 2016; 18:2008-11. [PMID: 27074538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise, eight-step total synthesis of (-)-indolactam V, a nanomolar agonist of protein kinase C, is reported. The synthesis relies upon an efficient copper-catalyzed amino acid arylation to establish the indole C4-nitrogen bond. This cross-coupling method is applicable to a range of hydrophobic amino acids, providing a platform for further diversification of indolactam alkaloid scaffolds and studies on their potent biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Haynes-Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, California 94132, United States
| | - Italia Diaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, California 94132, United States
| | - Kelvin L Billingsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, California 94132, United States
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43
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Shah TK, Medina JM, Garg NK. Expanding the Strained Alkyne Toolbox: Generation and Utility of Oxygen-Containing Strained Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4948-54. [PMID: 26987257 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report synthetic methodology that permits access to two oxacyclic strained intermediates, the 4,5-benzofuranyne and the 3,4-oxacyclohexyne. In situ trapping of these intermediates affords an array of heterocyclic scaffolds by the formation of one or more new C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. Experimentally determined regioselectivities were consistent with predictions made using the distortion/interaction model and were also found to be greater compared to selectivities seen in the case of trapping experiments of the corresponding N-containing intermediates. These studies demonstrate the synthetic versatility of oxacyclic arynes and alkynes for the synthesis of functionalized heterocycles, while further expanding the scope of the distortion/interaction model. Moreover, these efforts underscore the value of harnessing strained heterocyclic intermediates as a unique approach to building polycyclic heteroatom-containing frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas K Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jose M Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Han D, He Q, Fan R. Aniline Dearomatization and Silver-Catalyzed [3+3] Dipolar Cycloaddition: Efficient Construction of Oxocino[4,3,2-cd]indoles from 2-Alkynylanilines and 2-Alkynylbenzaldoximes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14013-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Han D, He Q, Fan R. Aniline Dearomatization and Silver‐Catalyzed [3+3] Dipolar Cycloaddition: Efficient Construction of Oxocino[4,3,2‐
cd
]indoles from 2‐Alkynylanilines and 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Han
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 (China)
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 (China)
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 (China)
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Picazo E, Houk KN, Garg NK. Computational predictions of substituted benzyne and indolyne regioselectivities. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3511-3514. [PMID: 26034336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A computational study using DFT methods was performed for an array of mono and disubstituted benzynes and indolynes. The inherent distortion present in the geometry-optimized structures predicts the regioselectivity of aryne trapping by nucleophiles or cycloaddition partners. These studies will serve to enable the further use of unsymmetrical arynes in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Picazo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Pareek M, Fallon T, Oestreich M. Platinum(0)-Catalyzed Indolyne Insertion into Bis(pinacolato)diboron Followed by Site-Selective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2015; 17:2082-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pareek
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Goetz AE, Shah TK, Garg NK. Pyridynes and indolynes as building blocks for functionalized heterocycles and natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:34-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06445c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article showcases the use of pyridynes and indolynes to construct functionalized heterocycles and complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Goetz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Tejas K. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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