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González V, Frontiñan-Rubio J, Gomez MV, Montini T, Durán-Prado M, Fornasiero P, Prato M, Vázquez E. Easy and Versatile Synthesis of Bulk Quantities of Highly Enriched 13C-Graphene Materials for Biological and Safety Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:606-620. [PMID: 36538410 PMCID: PMC9835986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of bulk quantities of 13C-labeled graphene materials is relevant for basic investigations and for practical applications. In addition, 13C-labeled graphene materials can be very useful in biological and environmental studies, as they may allow the detection of graphene or its derivatives in cells or organs. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of 13C-labeled graphene materials (few-layer graphene, FLG, and graphene oxide, GO) on a tens of mg scale, starting from 13C-labeled methane to afford carbon fibers, followed by liquid-phase exfoliation (FLG) or oxidation (GO). The materials have been characterized by several analytical and microscopic techniques, including Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. As a proof of concept, the distribution of the title compounds in cells has been investigated. In fact, the analysis of the 13C/12C ratio with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) allows the detection and quantification of very small amounts of material in cells or biological compartments with high selectivity, even when the material has been degraded. During the treatment of 13C-labeled FLG with HepG2 cells, 4.1% of the applied dose was found in the mitochondrial fraction, while 4.9% ended up in the nuclear fraction. The rest of the dose did not enter into the cell and remained in the plasma membrane or in the culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana González
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Frontiñan-Rubio
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
- Cell
Biology Area, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Gomez
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty
of Chemical Science and Technology, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127Trieste, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Cell
Biology Area, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127Trieste, Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, 34127Trieste, Italy
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque
Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Plaza Euskadi 5, 48013Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Instituto
Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty
of Chemical Science and Technology, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071Ciudad Real, Spain
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2
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Chang XL, Chen L, Liu B, Yang ST, Wang H, Cao A, Chen C. Stable isotope labeling of nanomaterials for biosafety evaluation and drug development. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Shi Q, Fang C, Yan C, Chang XL, Zhang X, Zhang H. Visualization of fullerenol nanoparticles distribution in Daphnia magna using Laser Ablation-isotope Ratio Mass (LA-IRMS) and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113226. [PMID: 35093811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA-IRMS) allows the mapping analysis of carbon isotope (δ13C) signature in organism samples.Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flightimaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-IMS) enables image of target directly. In this study, the distribution of δ13C and fullerenol nanoparticles in Daphnia magna (D. magna) exposed to different fullerenol solution are mapped using the LA-IRSM and MALDI-TOF-IMS for comparison. We visualize thedistribution of fullerenol nanoparticles mainly in the intestine, also in other parts of the body as well. This is the first time that fullerenol nanoparticles was found outside the intestine of D. magna, which has been confirmed by the two imaging methods individually. Although the both imaging methods are applicable to in-situ visualize the localization and spatial distribution of fullerenol nanoparticles in organisms, MALDI-TOF-IMS is more suitable, in terms of sample preparation and image resolution. The results of our study will also provide a new idea and method for the research of environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Beijing 100012, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xue-Ling Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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4
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Grebowski J, Konopko A, Krokosz A, DiLabio GA, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant activity of highly hydroxylated fullerene C 60 and its interactions with the analogue of α-tocopherol. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:734-744. [PMID: 32871231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated fullerenes (fullerenols) are excellent free radical scavengers. Despite the large number of reports on their reactions with reactive oxygen species, there is no report on their ability to trap lipid peroxyl radicals and act as chain-breaking antioxidants. In this work we studied the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)36 on the kinetics of peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid ester (methyl linoleate) dispersed in two model systems that mimic biological systems: Triton X-100 micelles and Large Unilamellar Vesicles, at pH 4, 7 and 10. As a control antioxidant 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxychroman (PMHC, an analog of α-tocopherol) was used. In micellar systems at pH 4.0, C60(OH)36 reacts with peroxyl radicals with kinh= (5.8 ± 0.3) × 103 M-1s-1 (for PMHC kinh = 22 × 103 M-1s-1). Surprisingly, at pH 7 a retardation instead of inhibition was recorded, and at pH 10 no effect on the kinetics of the process was observed. In liposomal systems fullerenol was not active at pH 4.0 but at pH 7.0 kinh = (8.8 ± 2.6) × 103 M-1s-1 for fullerenol was 30% lower than kinh for PMHC. Using two fluorescent probes we confirmed that at pH 7.4 fullerenol/fullerenol anions are incorporated into the phospholipid heads of the bilayer. We also studied the cooperation of C60(OH)36 with PMHC: both compounds seem to contribute their peroxyl radical trapping abilities independently at pH 4 whereas at pH 7 and 10 a hyper-synergy was observed. The antioxidant action of C60(OH)36 and its synergy with PMHC was also confirmed for peroxidation of human erythrocytes at pH 7.4. Assuming the simplified structural model of fullerenol limited to 36 hydroxyls as the only functional groups attached to C60 core we found by density-functional theory a low energy structure with OH groups distributed in the form of two polyhydroxyl regions separating two unsubstituted carbon regions with biphenyl-like structure. Our calculations indicate that abstraction of hydrogen atom from fullerenol by peroxyl or tocopheroxyl radical is endoergic. As the electron transfer from fullerenol polyanion to the radicals is also energetically disfavoured, the most probable mechanism of reaction with radicals is subsequent addition of peroxyl/tocopheroxyl radicals to biphenyl moieties surrounded by OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646, Lodz, Poland; University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Konopko
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Krokosz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gino A DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Management, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Shi Q, Zhang H, Wang C, Ren H, Yan C, Zhang X, Chang XL. Bioaccumulation, biodistribution,and depuration of 13C-labelled fullerenols in zebrafish through dietary exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110173. [PMID: 31935558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic organisms, dietary exposure to nanomaterials is not only one of the important uptake pathways, but it is also one method to assess the transmission risk of the food chain. To address this concern, we quantitatively investigated the accumulation and depuration of fullerenols in the tissues of zebrafish after exposure to fullerenols-contaminated Daphnia magna. After exposure to 13C-labelled fullerenol solution at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L for 72 h, the steady state concentration of fullerenols in D. magna was 31.20 ± 1.59 mg/g dry weight. During the 28 d uptake period for zebrafish, fullerenols in the tissues increased in a tissue- and day-dependent manner, and the major target tissues of fullerenols were the intestines and liver, followed by the gill, muscle, and brain. The kinetic parameters of uptake and depuration were also quantitatively analyzed. After depuration for 15 d, a certain amount of residual fullerenols remained in the tissues, especially the brain, where approximately 64 d may be needed to achieve 90% of the cumulative concentration depuration. The calculated distribution-based trophic transfer factors (TTFd values) (from 0.26 to 0.49) indicated that the tissue biomagnification of fullerenols by zebrafish through dietary exposure may not occur. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of fullerenols in D. magna and the tissues of zebrafish. Our research data are essential for thoroughly understanding of the fate of nanoparticles through the dietary exposure pathway and directing future tissue bioeffect studies regarding target tissues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Shi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hongyun Ren
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Xue-Ling Chang
- Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Kunkel M, Sutter S, Polarz S. Molecular Semiconductor Surfactants with Fullerenol Heads and Colored Tails for Carbon Dioxide Photoconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15620-15625. [PMID: 31310669 PMCID: PMC6851540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The leaf is a prime example of a material converting waste (CO2 ) into value with maximum sustainability. As the most important constituent, it contains the coupled photosystems II and I, which are imbedded in the cellular membrane of the chloroplasts. Can key functions of the leaf be packed into soap? We present next-generation surfactants that self-assemble into bilayer vesicles (similar to the cellular membrane), are able to absorb photons of two different visible wavelengths, and exchange excited charge carriers (similar to the photosystems), followed by conversion of CO2 (in analogy to the leaf). The amphiphiles contain five dye molecules as the hydrophobic entity attached exclusively to one hemisphere of a polyhydroxylated fullerene (Janus-type). We herein report on their surfactant, optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Photons absorbed by the dyes are transferred to the fullerenol head, where they can react with different species such as CO2 to give formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kunkel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Sebastian Sutter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Sebastian Polarz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
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7
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Kunkel M, Sutter S, Polarz S. Molekulare Halbleiter‐Tenside mit Fullerenol‐Kopfgruppe und Farbstoffketten für die photokatalytische Umwandlung von Kohlenstoffdioxid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kunkel
- Fachbereich Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Sutter
- Fachbereich Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Polarz
- Fachbereich Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78457 Konstanz Deutschland
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8
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Podolsky N, Lelet M. Thermodynamic Investigation of Polyhydroxylated Derivatives of Light Fullerenes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x1940009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Isobaric heat capacities of C[Formula: see text](OH)[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text](OH)[Formula: see text] fullerenols were measured using adiabatic calorimetry in the temperature range of 0–320[Formula: see text]K along with standard thermodynamic functions: [Formula: see text], [[Formula: see text]] and [[Formula: see text]]. Furthermore, the molar entropy of formation and the molar third law entropy of C[Formula: see text](OH)[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text](OH)[Formula: see text] in crystalline state at 298.15[Formula: see text]K were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Podolsky
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 13B, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Lelet
- Research Institute for Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Ave. 23, Russia
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Kunkel M, Polarz S. Easy, efficient and versatile one-pot synthesis of Janus-type-substituted fullerenols. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:901-905. [PMID: 31019582 PMCID: PMC6466692 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis for Janus-type fullerenol derivatives and how to characterize them is reported. This synthesis provides access to asymmetrically substituted fullerenol with five substituents on one pole of the fullerene and polyhydroxylation moieties, mostly ether and hydroxy groups, on the rest of the fullerene core. As substituents a broad variety of primary amines can be used to obtain Janus-type amphiphilic fullerenols in good to excellent yield. These fullerenol amphiphiles can serve as suitable precursors for further reactions resulting in new applications for fullerenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Kunkel
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Polarz
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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10
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Podolsky NE, Marcos MA, Cabaleiro D, Semenov KN, Lugo L, Petrov AV, Charykov NA, Sharoyko VV, Vlasov TD, Murin IV. Physico-chemical properties of C60(OH)22–24 water solutions: Density, viscosity, refraction index, isobaric heat capacity and antioxidant activity. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Z, Gao X, Zhao Y. Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activities of Fullerenols from First-Principles Calculation. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8183-8190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Semenov SG, Bedrina ME, Titov AV. A Quantum Chemical Study of C60Cl30, C60(OH)30 Molecules and Fe@C60(OH)30 Endocomplex. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Charykov NA, Semenov KN, López ER, Fernández J, Serebryakov EB, Keskinov VA, Murin IV. Excess thermodynamic functions in aqueous systems containing soluble fullerene derivatives. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Chen L, Wang C, Li H, Qu X, Yang ST, Chang XL. Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of 13C-Skeleton Labeled Graphene Oxide in Wheat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10146-10153. [PMID: 28771335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanomaterials have many diverse applications, but are considered to be emerging environmental pollutants. Thus, their potential environmental risks and biosafety are receiving increased attention. Bioaccumulation and toxicity evaluations in plants are essential for biosafety assessment. In this study, 13C-stable isotope labeling of the carbon skeleton of graphene oxide (GO) was applied to investigate the bioaccumulation and toxicity of GO in wheat. Bioaccumulation of GO was accurately quantified according to the 13C/12C ratio. Wheat seedlings were exposed to 13C-labeled GO at 1.0 mg/mL in nutrient solution for 15 d. 13C-GO accumulated predominantly in the root with a content of 112 μg/g at day 15, hindered the development and growth of wheat plants, disrupted root structure and cellular ultrastructure, and promoted oxidative stress. The GO that accumulated in the root showed extremely limited translocation to the stem and leaves. During the experimental period, GO was excreted slowly from the root. GO inhibited the germination of wheat seeds at high concentrations (≥0.4 mg/mL). The mechanism of GO toxicity to wheat may be associated with oxidative stress induced by GO bioaccumulation, reflected by the changes of malondialdehyde concentration, catalase activity, and peroxidase activity. The results demonstrate that 13C labeling is a promising method to investigate environmental impacts and fates of carbon nanomaterials in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiulong Qu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Thermodynamics of association of water soluble fullerene derivatives [ $$\hbox {C}_{60}\hbox {(OH)}_{\mathrm{n}}$$ C 60 (OH) n , n = 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12] in aqueous media. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Castro E, Hernandez Garcia A, Zavala G, Echegoyen L. Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6523-6535. [PMID: 29225883 PMCID: PMC5716489 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes and related carbon based derivatives have shown a growing relevance in biology and medicine, mainly due to the unique electronic and structural properties that make them excellent candidates for multiple functionalization. This review focuses on the most recent developments of fullerene derivatives for different biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Hernandez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Zavala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
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17
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Keshri S, Tembe BL. Thermodynamics of hydration of fullerols [C 60(OH) n] and hydrogen bond dynamics in their hydration shells. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074501. [PMID: 28228041 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of fullerene and fullerols [C60(OH)n, where n = 2-30] in aqueous solutions have been performed for the purpose of obtaining a detailed understanding of the structural and dynamic properties of these nanoparticles in water. The structures, dynamics and hydration free energies of the solute molecules in water have been analysed. Radial distribution functions, spatial density distribution functions and hydrogen bond analyses are employed to characterize the solvation shells of water around the central solute molecules. We have found that water molecules form two solvation shells around the central solute molecule. Hydrogen bonding in the bulk solvent is unaffected by increasing n. The large decrease in solvation enthalpies of these solute molecules for n > 14 enhances solubilisation. The diffusion constants of solute molecules decrease with increasing n. The solvation free energy of C60 in water is positive (52.8 kJ/mol), whereas its value for C60(OH)30 is highly negative (-427.1 kJ/mol). The effects of surface hydroxylation become more dominant once the fullerols become soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonanki Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - B L Tembe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Du M, Zhang H, Li J, Yan C, Zhang X, Chang X. Bioaccumulation, Depuration, and Transfer to Offspring of 13C-Labeled Fullerenols by Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10421-10427. [PMID: 27580117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenols have wide application in the field of life sciences as a result of their extensive biocompatibility and biofunctionality. However, their environmental fate and ecotoxicological risks are largely unknown. In this study, stable isotope (13C) labeling was applied to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of fullerenols in Daphnia magna. By incorporation of 13C on the skeleton of fullerenols, the concentrations of fullerenols in the samples could be precisely determined on the basis of carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C). After exposure to 13C-labeled fullerenols in artificial freshwater for 48 h, the steady concentrations of fullerenols in D. magna were nearly 0.39 and 1.37% of the dry body weight in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L exposure groups, respectively. After 48 h of depuration, D. magna could excrete 97.34 and 89.56% of the accumulated fullerenols in 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L exposure group, respectively. The depuration of fullerenols from D. magna followed first-order kinetics. Moreover, accumulated fullerenols in gravid D. magna could be transferred to the next generation of neonates. The results in present study demonstrated that stable isotope (13C) labeling is a powerful tool to investigate the environmental fate and the potential impacts of fullerenols in ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Chang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Semenov K, Charykov N, Postnov V, Sharoyko V, Vorotyntsev I, Galagudza M, Murin I. Fullerenols: Physicochemical properties and applications. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang C, Bai Y, Li H, Liao R, Li J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang S, Yang ST, Chang XL. Surface modification-mediated biodistribution of ¹³C-fullerene C₆₀ in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:14. [PMID: 26956156 PMCID: PMC4784322 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functionalization is believed to have a considerable impact on the biodistribution of fullerene in vivo. However, a direct comparison of differently functionalized fullerenes is required to prove the hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of surface modification on the biodistribution of fullerene following its exposure via several routs of administration. METHODS (13)C skeleton-labeled fullerene C60 ((13)C-C60) was functionalized with carboxyl groups ((13)C-C60-COOH) or hydroxyl groups ((13)C-C60-OH). Male ICR mice (~25 g) were exposed to a single dose of 400 μg of (13)C-C60-COOH or (13)C-C60-OH in 200 μL of aqueous 0.9% NaCl solution by three different exposure pathways, including tail vein injection, gavage and intraperitoneal exposure. Tissue samples, including blood, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, lungs, brain, large intestine, small intestine, muscle, bone and skin were subsequently collected, dissected, homogenized, lyophilized, and analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS The liver, bone, muscle and skin were found to be the major target organs for C60-COOH and C60-OH after their intravenous injection, whereas unmodified C60 was mainly found in the liver, spleen and lung. The total uptakes in liver and spleen followed the order: C60 > > C60-COOH > C60-OH. The distribution rate over 24 h followed the order: C60 > C60-OH > C60-COOH. C60-COOH and C60-OH were both cleared from the body at 7 d post exposure. C60-COOH was absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract following gavage exposure and distributed into the heart, liver, spleen, stomach, lungs, intestine and bone tissues. The translocation of C60-OH was more widespread than that of C60-COOH after intraperitoneal injection. CONCLUSIONS The surface modification of fullerene C60 led to a decreased in its accumulation level and distribution rate, as well as altering its target organs. These results therefore demonstrate that the chemical functionalization of fullerene had a significant impact on its translocation and biodistribution properties. Further surface modifications could therefore be used to reduce the toxicity of C60 and improve its biocompatibility, which would be beneficial for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Yitong Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Liao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P.R. China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P.R. China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P.R. China.
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Tao Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Ling Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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Wang Z, Lu Z, Zhao Y, Gao X. Oxidation-induced water-solubilization and chemical functionalization of fullerenes C60, Gd@C60 and Gd@C82: atomistic insights into the formation mechanisms and structures of fullerenols synthesized by different methods. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2914-25. [PMID: 25565281 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Water-solubilization is the prerequisite to endow the pristinely hydrophobic fullerenes with biocompatibility and biofunctionality, which has been widely applied to derive fullerene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Oxidation reactions using O2 and H2O2 are the most commonly used approaches to this end, through which fullerenols with different structural features can be obtained. Despite the progress in the syntheses and bioapplications of fullerenols, their formation mechanisms and structures at the atomic level, which substantialize their physical properties and biofunctions, have been little understood. Using density functional theory calculations, we comparatively study the mechanisms and product structures for the oxidations of C60, Gd@C60 and Gd@C82 using both O2 and H2O2 as oxidizing agents under both neutral and alkaline aqueous conditions. We predict the formation mechanisms and product structures corresponding to the different synthetic conditions. Briefly, the H2O2 oxidations of C60, Gd@C60 and Gd@C82 under neutral conditions do not occur readily at room temperature because of the high energy barriers, whereas the H2O2 oxidations can readily proceed under alkaline conditions. The oxygen-containing groups of the fullerenols obtained under these conditions include hydroxyl, carbonyl, hemiacetal and deprotonated vic-diol. In contrast, through O2 oxidation under alkaline conditions, the most probable oxygen-containing groups for C60 fullerenols are epoxide and deprotonated vic-diol, and those for Gd@C60 and Gd@C82 fullerenols are hydroxyls and carbonyls. The results explain a wide range of experimental findings reported before. More importantly, they provide atomistic-level insights into the formation mechanisms and structures for various fullerenols, which are of fundamental interest for understanding their biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Jiangxi Inorganic Membrane Materials Engineering Research Centre, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Syntheses, Structures and Antioxidant Activities of Fullerenols: Knowledge Learned at the Atomistic Level. J CLUST SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-015-0855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gd-metallofullerenol nanomaterial as non-toxic breast cancer stem cell-specific inhibitor. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5988. [PMID: 25612916 PMCID: PMC4354030 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contemporary use of nanomedicines for cancer treatment has been largely limited to serving as carriers for existing therapeutic agents. Here, we provide definitive evidence that, the metallofullerenol nanomaterial Gd@C82(OH)22, while essentially not toxic to normal mammary epithelial cells, possesses intrinsic inhibitory activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells. Gd@C82(OH)22 blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with resultant efficient elimination of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) resulting in abrogation of tumour initiation and metastasis. In normoxic conditions, Gd@C82(OH)22 mediates these effects by blocking TGF-β signalling. Moreover, under hypoxic conditions found in the tumour microenvironment, cellular uptake of Gd@C82(OH)22 is facilitated where it functions as a bi-potent inhibitor of HIF-1α and TGF-β activities, enhancing CSC elimination. These studies indicate that nanomaterials can be engineered to directly target CSCs. Thus, Gd-metallofullerenol is identified as a kind of non-toxic CSC specific inhibitors with significant therapeutic potential. A metallofullerenol nanomaterial, Gd@C82(OH)22, was shown to inhibit growth of several solid cancers in preclinical models and yet exhibit low toxicity. Herein the authors show that Gd@C82(OH)22 functions as an inhibitor of breast cancer stem cell function via blocking TGF-β and HIF-1α signalling, while sparing normal tissue.
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Wang C, Ruan L, Chang XL, Zhang X, Yang ST, Guo X, Yuan H, Guo C, Shi W, Sun B, Zhao Y. The isotopic effects of 13C-labeled large carbon cage (C70) fullerenes and their formation process. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06588g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
13C-enriched large carbon cage-based fullerenes were synthesized on a large scale by an arc discharge method.
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