1
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Usui K, Amano A, Murayama K, Sasaya M, Kusumoto R, Umeno T, Murase S, Iizuka N, Matsumoto S, Fuchi Y, Takahashi K, Kawahata M, Kobori Y, Karasawa S. Photoisomerization of "Partially Embedded Dihydropyridazine" with a Helical Structure. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302413. [PMID: 37612241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two "partially embedded fused-dihydropyridazine N-aryl aza[5]helicene derivatives" (PDHs) and the demonstration of their intrinsic photo-triggered multi-functional properties based on a Kekulé biradical structure. Introducing bulky electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl groups into the aza[5]helicene framework (PDH-CF3 and -C2 F5 ) gives PDH axial chirality based on the helicity of the P and M forms, even at room temperature. Upon photo-irradiation of PDH-CF3 in a frozen solution, an ESR signal from the triplet biradical with zero-field splitting values, generated by N-N bond dissociation, was observed. However, when the irradiation was turned off, the ESR signal became silent, thus indicating the existence of two equilibria: between the biradical and quinoidal forms based on the Kekulé structure, and between N-N bond cleavage and recombination. The observed photo- and thermally induced behaviors indicate that T-type photochromic molecules are involved in the photoisomerization mechanism involving the two equilibria. Inspired by the photoisomerization, chirality control of PDH by photoracemization was achieved. Multiple functionalities, such as T-type photochromism, photo-excitation-mediated triplet biradical formation, and photoracemization, which are attributed to the "partially embedded dihydropyridazine" structure, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Usui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ami Amano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kasumi Murayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Sasaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ryota Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umeno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Satsuki Murase
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Naoko Iizuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shota Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Fuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kawahata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Graduate School of Science Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Karasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3512-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
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2
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Guo J, Tian X, Wang Y, Dou C. Progress of Indeno-type Organic Diradicaloids. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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3
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Singh G, Sharma S, Pandey R, Rekha, Vijaya Anand R. Construction of heterocycle-fused tetrahydrocarbazoles through a formal [3 + 3]-annulation of 2-indolylmethanols with para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2493-2498. [PMID: 36880335 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00124e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free approach for the synthesis of tetrahydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazoles has been developed through an acid-mediated one-pot [3 + 3]-annulation of 2-indolylmethanols and 3-indolyl-substituted para-quinone methides. This operationally simple protocol allowed us to prepare many unsymmetrical tetrahydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazoles in good to excellent yields with a broad substrate scope. This concept was also elaborated to the synthesis of tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]carbazoles and tetrahydrothieno[3,2-b]carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Sonam Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Rajat Pandey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Rekha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
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4
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Sakurai T, Hiraoka Y, Tanaka H, Miyake Y, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Easily Switchable 18π-, 19π-, and 20π-Conjugation of Diazaporphyrin Double-Pincer Bispalladium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300437. [PMID: 36723446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
NiII 3,7,13,17-tetrapyridyl-5,15-diazaporphyrin serves as a double tridentate ligand to PdII ions to provide a pincer-type bispalladium complex. Electrochemical analysis revealed that the bispalladium complex shows excellent ability to accept electrons and reversible redox properties due to the coordination of the two cationic PdII centers to the meso-nitrogen atoms. We isolated and characterized one- and two-electron reduction species of the bispalladium complex. The 20π antiaromatic nature of the two-electron reduction species was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis-near-IR (NIR) absorption spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. X-ray diffraction revealed highly twisted structures for the bispalladium complexes regardless of the oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Hiraoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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5
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Badía-Domínguez I, Canola S, Hernández Jolín V, López Navarrete JT, Sancho-García JC, Negri F, Ruiz Delgado MC. Tuning the Diradical Character of Indolocarbazoles: Impact of Structural Isomerism and Substitution Position. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6003-6010. [PMID: 35737902 PMCID: PMC9272443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a set of 10 positional indolocarbazole (ICz) isomers substituted with dicyanomethylene groups connected via para or meta positions are computationally investigated with the aim of exploring the efficiency of structural isomerism and substitution position in controlling their optical and electronic properties. Unrestricted density functional theory (DFT), a spin-flip time-dependent DFT approach, and the multireference CASSCF/NEVPT2 method have been applied to correlate the diradical character with the energetic trends (i.e., singlet-triplet energy gaps). In addition, the nucleus-independent chemical shift together with ACID plots and Raman intensity calculations were used to strengthen the relationship between the diradical character and (anti)aromaticity. Our study reveals that the substitution pattern and structural isomerism represent a very effective way to tune the diradical properties in ICz-based systems with meta-substituted systems with a V-shaped structure displaying the largest diradical character. Thus, this work contributes to the elucidation of the challenging chemical reactivity and physical properties of diradicaloid systems, guiding experimental chemists to produce new molecules with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sofia Canola
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Víctor Hernández Jolín
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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6
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Fujimoto K, Sasaki K, Yamagishi S, Inuzuka T, Sanada K, Sakamoto M, Takahashi M. 7,12‐Dihydrobenzo[de]indolo[3,2‐b]quinoline: Unique Reactivity and Redox Interconversion. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Shizuoka Daigaku Faculty of Engineering 3-5-1 johoku nakaku 432-8561 hamamatsu JAPAN
| | | | | | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Gifu University: Gifu Daigaku Division of Instrumental Analysis JAPAN
| | - Kazutaka Sanada
- Chiba University: Chiba Daigaku Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology JAPAN
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Chiba University: Chiba Daigaku Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology JAPAN
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7
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Saha HK, Mallick D, Das S. Unveiling two antiaromatic s-indacenodicarbazole isomers with tuneable paratropicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8492-8495. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02318k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear and curved antiaromatic s-indacenodicarbazole isomers were synthesized and characterized to show tuneable strength of s-indacene paratropicity, as analyzed by NICS(1)zz and ACID (ring-current) calculations. The curved isomer showed a...
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8
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Hanida K, Kim J, Fukui N, Tsutsui Y, Seki S, Kim D, Shinokubo H. Antiaromatic 1,5-Diaza-s-indacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20765-20770. [PMID: 34288340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
s-Indacene is a classical non-alternant hydrocarbon that contains 12 π-electrons in a cyclic π-conjugation system. Herein, we report its nitrogen-doped analogue, 1,5-diaza-s-indacene. 1,5-Diaza-s-indacenes were readily prepared from commercially available 2,5-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diamine through a two-step transformation consisting of a palladium-catalyzed Larock cyclization with diaryl acetylenes followed by hydrogen abstraction. The thus obtained 1,5-diaza-s-indacenes exhibited distinct antiaromaticity, as manifested in clear bond-length alternation, a forbidden HOMO-LUMO transition, and a paratropic ring current. As compared to the parent s-indacene, the 1,5-diaza-s-indacenes showed higher electron-accepting ability owing to the presence of imine-type nitrogen atoms. The 1,5-diaza-s-indacene core is effectively conjugated with the peripheral aryl groups, which enables fine-tuning of the absorption spectra and redox properties. The two possible localized forms of 1,5-diaza-s-indacene were compared in terms of their energetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hanida
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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9
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Hanida K, Kim J, Fukui N, Tsutsui Y, Seki S, Kim D, Shinokubo H. Antiaromatic 1,5‐Diaza‐
s
‐indacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hanida
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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10
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Badía-Domínguez I, Peña-Álvarez M, Wang D, Pérez Guardiola A, Vida Y, Rodríguez González S, López Navarrete JT, Hernández Jolín V, Sancho García JC, García Baonza V, Nash R, Hartl F, Li H, Ruiz Delgado MC. Dynamic Covalent Properties of a Novel Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Diradical. Chemistry 2021; 27:5509-5520. [PMID: 33474741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and properties of a dicyanomethylene-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole diradical ICz-CN. This quinoidal system dimerises almost completely to (ICz-CN)2 , which contains two long C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) σ-bonds between the dicyanomethylene units. The minor open-shell ICz-CN component in the solid-state mixture was identified by EPR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical data, as well as comparison with reference monomer ICz-Br reveal that the nature of the one-electron oxidation of (ICz-CN)2 at ambient temperature and ICz-CN at elevated temperature is very similar in all these compounds due to the prevailing localization of their HOMO on the ICz backbone. The peculiar cathodic behaviour reflects the co-existence of (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN. The involvement of the dicyanomethylene groups stabilizes the close-lying LUMO and LUMO+1 of (ICz-CN)2 and especially ICz-CN compared to ICz-Br, resulting in a distinctive cathodic response at low overpotentials. Differently from neutral ICz-CN, its radical anion and dianion are remarkably stable under ambient conditions. The UV/Vis(-NIR) electronic transitions in parent (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN and their different redox forms have been assigned convincingly with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The σ-bond in neutral (ICz-CN)2 is cleaved in solution and in the solid-state upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure), showing a strong chromism from light yellow to blue-green. Notably, in the solid state, the monomeric diradical species is predominantly formed under high hydrostatic pressure (>1 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Álvarez
- Present address: Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions & School of, Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.,MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Yolanda Vida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, C/ Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández Jolín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan C Sancho García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Valentín García Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC-UCM), University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
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11
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Panda S, Ansari MA, Mandal A, Lahiri GK. Near‐IR Absorbing Ruthenium Complexes of Non‐Innocent 6,12‐Di(pyridin‐2‐yl)indolo[3,2‐
b
]carbazole: Variation as a Function of Co‐Ligands. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4631-4640. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Panda
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
| | - Md Asif Ansari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
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12
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Zhu C, Ji X, You D, Chen TL, Mu AU, Barker KP, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Fang L. Extraordinary Redox Activities in Ladder-Type Conjugated Molecules Enabled by B ← N Coordination-Promoted Delocalization and Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18173-18182. [PMID: 30507169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of B ← N coordinate bond-isoelectronic to C-C single bond-into π-systems represents a promising strategy to impart exotic redox and electrochromic properties into conjugated organic molecules and macromolecules. To achieve both reductive and oxidative activities using this strategy, a cruciform ladder-type molecular constitution was designed to accommodate oxidation-active, reduction-active, and B ← N coordination units into a compact structure. Two such compounds (BN-F and BN-Ph) were synthesized via highly efficient N-directed borylation. These molecules demonstrated well-separated, two reductive and two oxidative electron-transfer processes, corresponding to five distinct yet stable oxidation states, including a rarely observed boron-containing radical cation. Spectroelectrochemical measurements revealed unique optical characteristics for each of these reduced/oxidized species, demonstrating multicolor electrochromism with excellent recyclability. Distinct color changes were observed between each redox state with clear isosbestic points on the absorption spectra. The underlying redox mechanism was elucidated by a combination of computational and experimental investigations. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on the neutral state, the oxidized radical cation, and the reduced dianion of BN-Ph revealed structural transformations into two distinct quinonoid constitutions during the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. B ← N coordination played an important role in rendering the robust and reversible multistage redox properties, by extending the charge and spin delocalization, by modulating the π-electron density, and by a newly established hyperconjugation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa L Chen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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13
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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14
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Zeng W, Hong Y, Medina Rivero S, Kim J, Zafra JL, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Nitrogen-Centered Bis(imino)rylene Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:4944-4951. [PMID: 29396877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids is critical for their practical material application. So far, most reported examples are based on carbon-centered radicals, which are intrinsically reactive, and there are very few examples of stable nitrogen-centered diradicaloids. In this full paper, a series of soluble and stable bis(imino)rylenes up to octarylene were synthesized on the basis of newly developed dibromorylene intermediates. It was found that from hexarylene onward, these quinoidal rylenes showed open-shell singlet ground states and could be thermally populated to paramagnetic triplet aminyl diradicals. They are stable due to efficient spin delocalization onto the rylene backbone as well as kinetic blocking of the aminyl sites by the bulky and electron-deficient 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl groups. They exhibited very different electronic structures, diradical character, excited-state dynamics, one-photon absorption, two-photon absorption, and electrochemical properties from their respective aromatic rylene counterparts. These bis(imino)rylenes represent a rare class of stable, neutral, nitrogen-centered aminyl diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - José L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Casado J. Para-Quinodimethanes: A Unified Review of the Quinoidal-Versus-Aromatic Competition and its Implications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:73. [PMID: 28762218 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, some quinoidal p-quinodimethanes compounds that convert partially or completely to diradicals or biradicaloids are analyzed. The aromatic/quinoidal balance is revisited with the objective of providing a common interpretation for most of them. For that purpose, important structural and energetic parameters such as the bond length alternation pattern and the singlet-triplet gaps are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of double spin polarization and π-conjugation. p-Quinodimethanes based in oligothiophenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oligophenylenes, thienothiophenes, charged dications and cyclic conjugated molecules are discussed. There are excellent reviews in the field of singlet diradicals; however, a revision similar to that proposed here can help the reader to have another perspective on these promising new functional materials. The focus has been put on molecules which are well known by the author and another of relevance in the field. In this regard, the article finishes with a discussion of some important applications of these diradicals in organic electronics. New chemical systems based on the p-quinodimethane building blocks are waiting us around the corner, bringing us new and challenging structures and fascinating novel properties, which describe a very rich field of research in chemistry and in physics with an excellent present and a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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16
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Abstract
We report the synthesis and kinetic study of PEGylated, water-soluble aminyl radical 2. The radical possesses four mPEG-3 groups replacing four methyl groups in the tert-butyl groups at the 3- and 6-positions of 1,3,6,8-tetra-tert-butyl carbazyl (TTBC). This structure is designed to mitigate the rapid decomposition of the radical via intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) that was observed in its constitutional isomer 1-H with four mPEG-3 groups in the vicinity of the nitrogen-centered radical (1- and 8-positions of TTBC). In dry, degassed acetone at 295 K, the radical 2 has a half-life, τ1/2 = 49 h (ΔH‡ = 17.9 ± 0.8 kcal mol-1), which is 3 orders of magnitude longer than that for 1-H, which decays via 1,5-HAT (τ1/2 = 48 s, ΔH‡ = 10.0 ± 0.3 kcal mol-1). Aminyl radical 2 aggregates at ambient conditions in water and has a half-life, τ1/2 = 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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17
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18
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Wang Y, Olankitwanit A, Rajca S, Rajca A. Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer in Aminyl Radical at Room Temperature with Large Kinetic Isotope Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7144-7147. [PMID: 28514849 PMCID: PMC5528148 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a large kinetic isotope effect at 298 K, kH/kD ≈ 150, associated with an intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) in the decay of a PEGylated carbazyl (aminyl) radical in solution. The experimental observations surprisingly combine the hallmarks of tunneling, including large KIEs and unusual activation parameters, with linear Arrhenius and Eyring plots over an exceptionally wide temperature range of 116 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Arnon Olankitwanit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304
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19
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Das T, Debnath S, Maiti R, Maiti DK. Multifold C–C Coupling and Unorthodox Cyclization Catalysis for Selective Synthesis of Indolotriarylmethanes, Indolocarbazoles, and Their Analogues: A Control Experiment Study. J Org Chem 2016; 82:688-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sudipto Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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20
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Huang R, Phan H, Herng TS, Hu P, Zeng W, Dong SQ, Das S, Shen Y, Ding J, Casanova D, Wu J. Higher Order π-Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Open-Shell Singlet Ground State: Nonazethrene versus Nonacene. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10323-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Material, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shao-qiang Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongjia Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Material, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science & Donostia International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Dgonostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore
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21
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Das S, Herng TS, Zafra JL, Burrezo PM, Kitano M, Ishida M, Gopalakrishna TY, Hu P, Osuka A, Casado J, Ding J, Casanova D, Wu J. Fully Fused Quinoidal/Aromatic Carbazole Macrocycles with Poly-radical Characters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7782-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and
Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jun Ding
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science & Donostia International Physics
Center & Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Paseo
Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
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22
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Shi X, Quintero E, Lee S, Jing L, Herng TS, Zheng B, Huang KW, López Navarrete JT, Ding J, Kim D, Casado J, Chi C. Benzo-thia-fused [ n]thienoacenequinodimethanes with small to moderate diradical characters: the role of pro-aromaticity versus anti-aromaticity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3036-3046. [PMID: 29997794 PMCID: PMC6005137 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-shell singlet diradicaloids have recently received much attention due to their unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties and promising applications in materials science. Among various diradicaloids, quinoidal π-conjugated molecules have become the prevailing design. However, the need for a fundamental understanding on how the fusion mode and pro-aromaticity/anti-aromaticity affect their diradical character and physical properties remains unaddressed. In this work, a series of pro-aromatic benzo-thia-fused [n]thienoacenequinodimethanes (Thn-TIPS (n = 1-3) and BDTh-TIPS) were synthesized and compared with the previously reported anti-aromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes (Sn-TIPS, n = 1-4). The ground-state geometric and electronic structures of these new quinoidal molecules were systematically investigated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, variable temperature NMR, ESR, SQUID, Raman, and electronic absorption spectroscopy, assisted by DFT calculations. It was found that the diradical character index (y0) increased from nearly zero for Th1-TIPS to 2.4% for Th2-TIPS, 18.2% for Th3-TIPS, and 38.2% for BDTh-TIPS, due to the enhanced aromatic stabilization. Consequently, with the extension of molecular size, the one-photon absorption spectra are gradually red-shifted, the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section values increase, and the singlet excited state lifetimes decrease. By comparison with the corresponding anti-aromatic analogues Sn-TIPS (n = 1-3), the pro-aromatic Thn-TIPS (n = 1-3) exhibit larger diradical character, longer singlet excited state lifetime and larger TPA cross section value. At the same time, they display distinctively different electronic absorption spectra and improved electrochemical amphotericity. Spectroelectrochemical studies revealed a good linear relationship between the optical energy gaps and the molecular length in the neutral, radical cationic and dicationic forms. Our research work discloses a significant difference between the pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic quinoidal compounds and provides guidance for the design of new diradicaloids with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Estefanía Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Linzhi Jing
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore .
| | - Bin Zheng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
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23
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Hu P, Lee S, Park KH, Das S, Herng TS, Gonçalves TP, Huang KW, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Octazethrene and Its Isomer with Different Diradical Characters and Chemical Reactivity: The Role of the Bridge Structure. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2911-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
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24
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Hu P, Lee S, Herng TS, Aratani N, Gonçalves TP, Qi Q, Shi X, Yamada H, Huang KW, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Toward Tetraradicaloid: The Effect of Fusion Mode on Radical Character and Chemical Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1065-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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25
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Lim Z, Zheng B, Huang KW, Liu Y, Wu J. Quinoidal Oligo(9,10-anthryl)s with Chain-Length-Dependent Ground States: A Balance between Aromatic Stabilization and Steric Strain Release. Chemistry 2015; 21:18724-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Zeng Z, Lee S, Son M, Fukuda K, Burrezo PM, Zhu X, Qi Q, Li RW, Navarrete JTL, Ding J, Casado J, Nakano M, Kim D, Wu J. Push–Pull Type Oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes: Chain Length and Solvent-Dependent Ground States and Physical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8572-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Minjung Son
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Run-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory
of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan T. López Navarrete
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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27
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Zeng W, Lee S, Son M, Ishida M, Furukawa K, Hu P, Sun Z, Kim D, Wu J. Phenalenyl-fused porphyrins with different ground states. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2427-2433. [PMID: 30154998 PMCID: PMC6085729 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials based on biradicals/biradicaloids have potential applications for organic electronics, photonics and spintronics. In this work, we demonstrated that hybridization of porphyrin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon could lead to a new type of stable biradicals/biradicaloids with tunable ground state and physical property. Mono- and bis-phenalenyl fused porphyrins 1 and 2 were synthesized via an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation-followed-by oxidative dehydrogenation strategy. Our detailed experimental and theoretical studies revealed that 1 has a closed-shell structure with a small biradical character (y = 0.06 by DFT calculation) in the ground state, while 2 exists as a persistent triplet biradical at room temperature under inert atmosphere. Compound 1 underwent hydrogen abstraction from solvent during the crystal growing process while compound 2 was easily oxidized in air to give two dioxo-porphyrin isomers 11a/11b, which can be correlated to their unique biradical character and spin distribution. The physical properties of 1 and 2, their dihydro/tetrahydro-precursors 7/10, and the dioxo-compounds 11a/11b were investigated and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Minjung Son
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis , Institute for Research Promotion , Niigata University , Nishi-ku , Niigata 950-2181 , Japan
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , ASTAR , 3 Research Link , Singapore 117602
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Sbargoud K, Mamada M, Marrot J, Tokito S, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Diindeno[1,2- b:2',1'- n]perylene: a closed shell related Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, the synthesis, molecular packing, electronic and charge transport properties. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3402-3409. [PMID: 29511505 PMCID: PMC5659070 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00652j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A fixed Chichibabin's hydrocarbon CHI1 shows a closed shell configuration with a broad absorption from 400 up to 900 nm.
Diindeno[1,2-b:2′,1′-n]perylene, a new derivative of the indenoacene family was synthesized, and its electronic, electrochemical, and electrical properties were investigated. This material has a closed shell electronic configuration which corresponds to a quinoidal structure with a low band gap of 1.35 eV. Molecular packing in the single crystal was studied by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, and this information was subsequently used in the determination of the charge transfer integrals via density functional theory methods. The charge-carrier transport properties of the diindeno[1,2-b:2′,1′-n]perylene-5,12-dione and diindeno[1,2-b:2′,1′-n]perylene derivatives were investigated through the fabrication and characterization of field-effect transistors via both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed films, respectively. Diindeno[1,2-b:2′,1′-n]perylene exhibited a field-effect behaviour with a hole mobility up to 1.7 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 when the active layer was solution-processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sbargoud
- UMR CNRS 8180 , UVSQ , Institut Lavoisier de Versailles , 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis , 78035 Versailles Cedex , France .
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan .
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- UMR CNRS 8180 , UVSQ , Institut Lavoisier de Versailles , 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis , 78035 Versailles Cedex , France .
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Yamagata University , Yonezawa , Yamagata 992-8510 , Japan .
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- UMR CNRS 7647 , LPICM-École Polytechnique , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex , France .
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180 , UVSQ , Institut Lavoisier de Versailles , 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis , 78035 Versailles Cedex , France .
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Hsieh YC, Fang HY, Chen YT, Yang R, Yang CI, Chou PT, Kuo MY, Wu YT. Zethrene and Dibenzozethrene: Masked Biradical Molecules? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hsieh YC, Fang HY, Chen YT, Yang R, Yang CI, Chou PT, Kuo MY, Wu YT. Zethrene and Dibenzozethrene: Masked Biradical Molecules? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3069-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Gallagher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Arnon Olankitwanit
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Zeng Z, Shi X, Chi C, López Navarrete JT, Casado J, Wu J. Pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic π-conjugated molecules: an irresistible wish to be diradicals. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6578-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic π-conjugated molecules are demonstrated to have an irresistible wish to be diradicals in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | | | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Malaga
- Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
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