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Dzhemileva LU, D'yakonov VA, Egorova KS, Ananikov VP. Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity in Six Classes of Ionic Liquids: Evaluating Cell Cycle Impact and Genotoxic and Apoptotic Effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142964. [PMID: 39074667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), earlier praised for their eco-friendliness, have emerged as key chemicals in advancing green chemistry, catalysis, solvent development, and more. However, the discovery of their notable toxicity has led to a controversial reputation of ILs and has shifted the research landscape towards understanding their biological impacts. The present study examines the mechanism of cytotoxicity of 32 ILs across six classes, highlighting their effects on the cell cycle of the Jurkat cell line. Focusing on five ILs with pronounced cytotoxicity, we uncover their genotoxic effects and their role in inducing apoptosis. Our findings suggest intricate interplay between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways at different time points after exposure to ILs. Moreover, the ILs studied displayed marked genotoxicity, likely stemming from the accumulation of double-strand DNA breaks in the Jurkat cells. This investigation offers a comprehensive view on interactions of ILs with eukaryotic cells, thereby providing new guidelines for developing safer pharmaceutical and industrial applications of these chemicals. The results not only broaden and enhance the previous perceptions but also open new avenues in research, emphasizing the dual potential of ILs in innovation and safety, and marking a significant step towards integrating chemical innovations with biological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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2
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Maculewicz J, Białk-Bielińska A, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Stolte S, Beil S, Gajewicz-Skretna A, Dołżonek J. Bioconcentration potential of ionic liquids: New data on membrane partitioning and its comparison with predictions obtained by COSMOmic. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184320. [PMID: 38583701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently gained significant attention in both the scientific community and industry, but there is a limited understanding of the potential risks they might pose to the environment and human health, including their potential to accumulate in organisms. While membrane and storage lipids have been considered as primary sorption phases driving bioaccumulation, in this study we used an in vitro tool known as solid-supported lipid membranes (SSLMs) to investigate the affinity of ILs to membrane lipid - phosphatidylcholine and compare the results with an existing in silico model. Our findings indicate that ILs may have a strong affinity for the lipids that form cell membranes, with the key factor being the length of the cation's side chain. For quaternary ammonium cations, increase in membrane affinity (logMA) was observed from 3.45 ± 0.06 at 10 carbon atoms in chain to 4.79 ± 0.06 at 14 carbon atoms. We also found that the anion can significantly affect the membrane partitioning of the cation, even though the anions themselves tend to have weaker interactions with phospholipids than the cations of ILs. For 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium cation the presence of tricyanomethanide anion caused increase in logMA to 4.23 ± 0.06. Although some of our data proved to be consistent with predictions made by the COSMOmic model, there are also significant discrepancies. These results suggest that further research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships involved in ILs bioconcentration and to develop more accurate predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Beil
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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3
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Liu J, Ren J, Li S, He H, Wang Y. Protein Interface Regulating the Inserting Process of Imidazole Ionic Liquids into the Cell Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38691101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promising potential in membrane protein extraction; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we employed GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamic insertion process of ILs into cell membranes containing membrane proteins. Our findings reveal that ILs spontaneously insert into the membrane, and the presence of membrane proteins significantly decelerates the rate of IL insertion into the membrane. Specifically, the relationship between the insertion rate and inserting free energy exhibits non-monotonic changes, which can be attributed to interfacial effects. The protein-water interface acts as trap for free ions and ionic clusters, while free ions preferentially insert into the membrane from the protein-lipid interface, which limits the insertion rate due to its narrowness. Thus, the insertion rate is governed by a combination of the free energy and interfacial effects. These findings provide valuable insights into the interfacial effects of protein-lipid bilayers and have implications for various biochemical-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Simin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Gong M, Dong Y, Zhu M, Qin F, Wang T, Shah FU, An R. Cation Chain Length of Nonhalogenated Ionic Liquids Matters in Enhancing SERS of Cytochrome c on Zr-Al-Co-O Nanotube Arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8886-8896. [PMID: 38622867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a remarkably powerful analytical technique enabling trace-level detection of biological molecules. The interaction of a probe molecule with the SERS substrate shows important distinctions in the SERS spectra, providing inherent fingerprint information on the probe molecule. Herein, nonhalogenated phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations with varying chain lengths were used as trace additives to amplify the interaction between the cytochrome c (Cyt c) and Zr-Al-Co-O (ZACO) nanotube arrays, strengthening the SERS signals. An increased enhancement factor (EF) by 2.5-41.2 times compared with the system without ILs was achieved. The improvement of the SERS sensitivity with the introduction of these ILs is strongly dependent on the cation chain length, in which the increasing magnitude of EF is more pronounced in the system with a longer alkyl chain length on the cation. Comparing the interaction forces measured by Cyt c-grafted atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes on ZACO substrates with those predicted by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, the van der Waals forces became increasingly dominant as the chain length of the cations increased, associated with stronger Cyt c-ZACO XDLVO interaction forces. The major contributing component, van der Waals force, stems from the longer cation chains of the IL, which act as a bridge to connect Cyt c and the ZACO substrate, promoting the anchoring of the Cyt c molecules onto the substrate, thereby benefiting SERS enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Gong
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Minghai Zhu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fengxiang Qin
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tianchi Wang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Egorova KS, Kibardin AV, Posvyatenko AV, Ananikov VP. Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Ionic Liquids: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4679-4733. [PMID: 38621413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review presents a detailed discussion of the evolving field studying interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and biological systems. Originating from molten salt electrolytes to present multiapplication substances, ILs have found usage across various fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, including excellent tunability. However, their interactions with biological systems and potential influence on living organisms remain largely unexplored. This review examines the cytotoxic effects of ILs on cell cultures, biomolecules, and vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Our understanding of IL toxicity, while growing in recent years, is yet nascent. The established findings include correlations between harmful effects of ILs and their ability to disturb cellular membranes, their potential to trigger oxidative stress in cells, and their ability to cause cell death via apoptosis. Future research directions proposed in the review include studying the distribution of various ILs within cellular compartments and organelles, investigating metabolic transformations of ILs in cells and organisms, detailed analysis of IL effects on proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis, correlation studies between IL doses, exposure times and resulting adverse effects, and examination of effects of subtoxic concentrations of ILs on various biological objects. This review aims to serve as a critical analysis of the current body of knowledge on IL-related toxicity mechanisms. Furthermore, it can guide researchers toward the design of less toxic ILs and the informed use of ILs in drug development and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kibardin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Posvyatenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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An R, Wu N, Gao Q, Dong Y, Laaksonen A, Shah FU, Ji X, Fuchs H. Integrative studies of ionic liquid interface layers: bridging experiments, theoretical models and simulations. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:506-535. [PMID: 38356335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of salts existing in the liquid state below 100 °C, possessing low volatility, high thermal stability as well as many highly attractive solvent and electrochemical capabilities, etc., making them highly tunable for a great variety of applications, such as lubricants, electrolytes, and soft functional materials. In many applications, ILs are first either physi- or chemisorbed on a solid surface to successively create more functional materials. The functions of ILs at solid surfaces can differ considerably from those of bulk ILs, mainly due to distinct interfacial layers with tunable structures resulting in new ionic liquid interface layer properties and enhanced performance. Due to an almost infinite number of possible combinations among the cations and anions to form ILs, the diversity of various solid surfaces, as well as different external conditions and stimuli, a detailed molecular-level understanding of their structure-property relationship is of utmost significance for a judicious design of IL-solid interfaces with appropriate properties for task-specific applications. Many experimental techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, surface force apparatus, and so on, have been used for studying the ion structuring of the IL interface layer. Molecular Dynamics simulations have been widely used to investigate the microscopic behavior of the IL interface layer. To interpret and clarify the IL structure and dynamics as well as to predict their properties, it is always beneficial to combine both experiments and simulations as close as possible. In another theoretical model development to bridge the structure and properties of the IL interface layer with performance, thermodynamic prediction & property modeling has been demonstrated as an effective tool to add the properties and function of the studied nanomaterials. Herein, we present recent findings from applying the multiscale triangle "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" in the studies of ion structuring of ILs in the vicinity of solid surfaces, as well as how it qualitatively and quantitatively correlates to the overall ILs properties, performance, and function. We introduce the most common techniques behind "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" and how they are applied for studying the IL interface layer structuring, and we highlight the possibilities of the IL interface layer structuring in applications such as lubrication and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Nanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, ''Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Gupta J, Sharma VK, Srinivasan H, Bhatt H, Sakai VG, Mukhopadhyay R, Mitra S. Modulation of Phase Behavior and Microscopic Dynamics in Cationic Vesicles by 1-Decyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:504-518. [PMID: 38126298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cationic lipids have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for gene/DNA transfection in therapeutic applications. The phase behavior of the vesicles formed by these lipids is intriguing, revealing intricate connections to the structure and dynamics of the membrane. These phenomena emerge from the complex interplay between hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of the lipids. In this study, we explore the impact of an ionic liquid-based surfactant, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DMIM[Br]), on the structural, dynamical, and phase behavior of cationic dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHDAB) vesicles. Our investigations indicate that the addition of DMIM[Br] increases the vesicle size while thinning the membrane. Further, DMIM[Br] also induces substantial changes in the membrane phase behavior. At 10 and 25 mol %, DMIM[Br] eliminates the pre-transition from coagel to intermediate crystalline (IC) phase and decreases the onset temperature of the main phase transition to the fluid phase. In the cooling cycle, the addition of DMIM[Br] further induces the formation of an intermediate gel phase. This behavior is reminiscent of the non-synchronous ordering observed in the DODAB membrane, a longer-chain counterpart of DHDAB. Interestingly, at 40 mol % of DMIM[Br], the formation of the intermediate gel phase is largely suppressed. Neutron scattering data provide evidence that the addition of DMIM[Br] enhances lipid mobility in coagel and fluid phases, suggesting that DMIM[Br] acts as a plasticizer, enhancing membrane fluidity across all of the phases. Our findings infer that DMIM[Br] modulates the membrane's phase behavior and fluidity, two essential ingredients for the efficient transport of cargo, by controlling the balance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Veerendra Kumar Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Harish Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Himal Bhatt
- High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Subhankur Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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8
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Taoka M, Kamei K, Kashima A, Nobe Y, Takekiyo T, Uekita T, Ichimura T. An ionic liquid-assisted sample preparation method for sensitive integral-membrane proteome analysis. Anal Biochem 2023; 683:115349. [PMID: 37852348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Many ion channels and receptor proteins are potential targets for new drugs. However, standard methods for profiling these integral membrane proteins (IMPs) have not been fully established, especially when applied to rare and quantity-limited biological samples. We previously demonstrated that a mixture containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cyanate, an ionic liquid (IL), and NaOH (termed i-soln) is an excellent solubilizer for insoluble aggregates. In this study, we present a combined i-soln-assisted proteomic sample preparation platform (termed pTRUST), which is compatible with starting materials in the sub-microgram range, using our previously reported i-soln-based sample preparation strategy (iBOPs) and an in-StageTip technique. This novel and straightforward approach allows for the rapid solubilization and processing of a variety of IMPs from human samples to support highly sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. We also demonstrated that the performance of this technology surpasses that of conventional methods such as filter-aided sample preparation methods, FASP and i-FASP. The convenience and availability of pTRUST technology using the IL system have great potential for proteomic identification and characterization of novel drug targets and disease biology in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kota Kamei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Nobe
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takekiyo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Takamasa Uekita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Tohru Ichimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan.
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Benedetto A. Ionic liquids meet lipid bilayers: a state-of-the-art review. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1909-1939. [PMID: 38192351 PMCID: PMC10771448 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past 25 years, a vast family of complex organic salts known as room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) has received increasing attention due to their potential applications. ILs are composed by an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion, and possess several intriguing properties such as low vapor pressure and being liquid around room temperature. Several biological studies flagged their moderate-to-high (cyto)-toxicity. Toxicity is, however, also a synonym of affinity, and this boosted a series of biophysical and chemical-physical investigations aimed at exploiting ILs in bio-nanomedicine, drug-delivery, pharmacology, and bio-nanotechnology. Several of these investigations focused on the interaction between ILs and lipid membranes, aimed at determining the microscopic mechanisms behind their interaction. This is the focus of this review work. These studies have been carried out on a variety of different lipid bilayer systems ranging from 1-lipid to 5-lipids systems, and also on cell-extracted membranes. They have been carried out at different chemical-physical conditions and by the use of a number of different approaches, including atomic force microscopy, neutron and X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, surface quartz microbalance, nuclear magnetic resonance, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. The aim of this "2023 Michèle Auger Award" review work is to provide the reader with an up-to-date overview of this fascinating research field where "ILs meet lipid bilayers (aka biomembranes)," with the aim to boost it further and expand its cross-disciplinary edges towards novel high-impact ideas/applications in pharmacology, drug delivery, biomedicine, and bio-nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benedetto
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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Mitra S, Sharma VK, Ghosh SK. Effects of ionic liquids on biomembranes: A review on recent biophysical studies. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 256:105336. [PMID: 37586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been emerged as a versatile class of compounds that can be easily tuned to achieve desirable properties for various applications. The ability of ILs to interact with biomembranes has attracted significant interest, as they have been shown to modulate membrane properties in ways that may have implications for various biological processes. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have investigated the interaction between ILs and biomembranes. We discuss the effects of ILs on the physical and chemical properties of biomembranes, including changes in membrane fluidity, permeability, and stability. We also explore the mechanisms underlying the interaction of ILs with biomembranes, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Additionally, we discuss the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| | - Veerendra K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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Song X, Tian R, Liu K. Recent advances in the application of ionic liquids in antimicrobial material for air disinfection and sterilization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1186117. [PMID: 37265495 PMCID: PMC10230022 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne transmission is one of the most unpredictable routes of infection. Nowadays, airborne diseases increase ever than before because of the complex living air environment. Apart from the inorganic particles, active microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi are incorporated in the pathogens acting as threaten to public health, which can hardly be treated by the traditional air purification methods based on adsorption. Therefore, effective filtration material with antimicrobial activity is demanded to solve the problem. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a category of salts that remain liquid at room temperature. The stable physico-chemical properties and extremely low vapor pressure make them suitable for a wide range of applications. Thanks to the numerous combinations of cations and anions, as well as the ability of inheriting properties from the parent ions, Ils are believed to be a promising industrial material. In recent decades, several Ils, such as imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, phosphonium, and choline, have been found to have antimicrobial activity in their monomeric or polymeric forms. This work focuses on the antimicrobial activity and safety of the latest types of ionic liquids, discussing the synthesis or manufacturing methods of Ils for air purification and filtration. Furthermore, possible applications of Ils antimicrobial materials in medical instruments and indoor environments are mentioned to encourage the scientific community to further explore the potential applications of Ils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Song
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rujin Tian
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Liu
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, China
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12
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Wang T, Li L, Zhang F, Dai Z, Shah FU, Wang W, Xu F, An R. Microstructural probing of phosphonium-based ionic liquids on a gold electrode using colloid probe AFM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25411-25419. [PMID: 36250344 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a gold colloid probe modeled as the electrode surface is employed to directly capture the contact resonance frequency of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) containing a common anion [BScB]- and differently lengthened cations ([P6,6,6,14]+ and [P4,4,4,8]+). The comparative interfacial studies are performed by creating IL films on the surface of gold, followed by measuring the wettability, thickness of the films, adhesion forces, surface morphology and AFM-probed contact resonance frequency. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy measurements of the neat ILs are measured on the surface of the gold electrode. The IL with longer cation alkyl chains exhibits a well-defined thin film on the electrode surface and enhanced the capacitance than the shorter chain IL. The AFM contact resonance frequency and force curves reveal that the longer IL prefers to form stiffer ion layers at the gold electrode surface, suggesting the "…anion-anion-cation-cation…" bilayer structure, in contrast, the shorter-chain IL forms the softer cation-anion alternating structure, i.e., "…anion-cation-anion-cation…".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Licheng Li
- Innovation Research Center of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Information, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Zhongyang Dai
- High Performance Computing Department, National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Wen Wang
- Zhongnong Guoke Planning and Design Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Rong An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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13
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Mishra K, Devi N, Siwal SS, Zhang Q, Alsanie WF, Scarpa F, Thakur VK. Ionic Liquid-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensors, Energy, Biomedicine, and Environmental Applications: Roadmap to the Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202187. [PMID: 35853696 PMCID: PMC9475560 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Current interest toward ionic liquids (ILs) stems from some of their novel characteristics, like low vapor pressure, thermal stability, and nonflammability, integrated through high ionic conductivity and broad range of electrochemical strength. Nowadays, ionic liquids represent a new category of chemical-based compounds for developing superior and multifunctional substances with potential in several fields. ILs can be used in solvents such as salt electrolyte and additional materials. By adding functional physiochemical characteristics, a variety of IL-based electrolytes can also be used for energy storage purposes. It is hoped that the present review will supply guidance for future research focused on IL-based polymer nanocomposites electrolytes for sensors, high performance, biomedicine, and environmental applications. Additionally, a comprehensive overview about the polymer-based composites' ILs components, including a classification of the types of polymer matrix available is provided in this review. More focus is placed upon ILs-based polymeric nanocomposites used in multiple applications such as electrochemical biosensors, energy-related materials, biomedicine, actuators, environmental, and the aviation and aerospace industries. At last, existing challenges and prospects in this field are discussed and concluding remarks are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Mishra
- Department of ChemistryM.M. Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)Mullana‐AmbalaHaryana133207India
| | - Nishu Devi
- Mechanics and Energy LaboratoryDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of ChemistryM.M. Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)Mullana‐AmbalaHaryana133207India
| | - Qibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids MetallurgyFaculty of Metallurgical and Energy EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan ProvinceKunming650093P. R. China
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratories SciencesThe Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesTaif UniversityP.O. Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Bristol Composites InstituteUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TRUK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research CenterScotland's Rural College (SRUC)Kings Buildings, West Mains RoadEdinburghEH9 3JGUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES)DehradunUttarakhand248007India
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14
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Himani, Pratap Singh Raman A, Babu Singh M, Jain P, Chaudhary P, Bahadur I, Lal K, Kumar V, Singh P. An Update on Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Toxicity of the ILs. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Navti PD, Pandey A, Nikam AN, Padya BS, Kalthur G, Koteshwara KB, Mutalik S. Ionic Liquids Assisted Topical Drug Delivery for Permeation Enhancement: Formulation Strategies, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicological Perspective. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:161. [PMID: 35676441 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery provides several benefits over other conventional routes by providing localizing therapeutic effects and also avoids the gastrointestinal tract circumventing the first-pass metabolism and enzymatic drug degradation. Being painless, the topical route also prevents the difficulties linked with the parenteral route. However, there are limitations to the current topical systems which necessitate the need for further research to find functional excipients to overcome these limitations. This review deals in depth with the ionic liquids concerning their physicochemical properties and applicability as well as their role in the arena of topical drug delivery in permeation enhancement, bioavailability enhancement of the drugs by solvation, and drug moiety modification. The review gives a detailed insight into the recent literature on ionic liquid-based topical formulations like ionic liquid-based emulsions, active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquids, ionic liquid-based bacterial cellulose membranes, topical small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, and ionogels as a possible solutions for overcoming the challenges associated with the topical route. This review also takes into account the toxicological aspects and biomedical applications of ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana D Navti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Bharath Singh Padya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Kunnatur B Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, 576104, India.
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16
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Pillai VV, Kumari P, Benedetto A, Gobbo D, Ballone P. Absorption of Phosphonium Cations and Dications into a Hydrated POPC Phospholipid Bilayer: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4272-4288. [PMID: 35666883 PMCID: PMC9207913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) based on an empirical force field is applied to investigate the effect of phosphonium cations ([P6,6,6,6]+) and geminal dications ([DxC10]2+) inserted at T = 300 K into the hydration layer separating planar POPC phospholipid bilayers. Up to high concentration, nearly every added cation and dication becomes absorbed into the lipid phase. Absorption takes place during several microseconds and is virtually irreversible. The neutralizing counterions ([Cl]-, in the present simulation) remain dissolved in water, giving origin to the charge separation and the strong electrostatic double layer at the water/lipid interface. Incorporation of cations and dications changes the properties of the lipid bilayer such as diffusion, viscosity, and the electrostatic pattern. At high ionic concentration, the bilayer acquires a long-wavelength standing undulation, corresponding to a change of phase from fluid planar to ripple. All these changes are potentially able to affect processes relevant in the context of cell biology. The major difference between cations and dications concerns the kinetics of absorption, which takes place nearly two times faster in the [P6,6,6,6]+ case, and for [DxC10]2+ dications displays a marked separation into two-stages, corresponding to the easy absorption of the first phosphonium head of the dication and the somewhat more activated absorption of the second phosphonium head of each dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V.
S. Pillai
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - P. Kumari
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - A. Benedetto
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
- Department
of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, I-00154 Rome, Italy
| | - D. Gobbo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ISPSO, University
of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet
1, CH-1211, Geneva
4, Switzerland
- Computational
and Chemical Biology, Fondazione Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - P. Ballone
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway
Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang J, Ren S, Song Y, Quan P, Fang L. Ionic liquids in transdermal drug delivery system: Current applications and future perspectives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Kumar A, Singh R, Tyagi YK. Design, synthesis and self-assembly of amide-linked dendron-based non-ionic amphiphiles. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 19:1167-1177. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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19
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Pan X, Li L, Huang HH, Wu J, Zhou X, Yan X, Jia J, Yue T, Chu YH, Yan B. Biosafety-inspired structural optimization of triazolium ionic liquids based on structure-toxicity relationships. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127521. [PMID: 34736187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), owing to their low vapor pressure and excellent solvating ability, are being increasingly applied in various industries to replace highly toxic organic solvents. They mainly pollute aquatic environment and soils, directly endangering eco-environment and human health. Therefore, it is critical to understand and optimize structural motifs of ILs with reduced toxicity. Considering human oral exposure is the major route, our investigations employed a human cell panel (modeling oral exposures) including human stomach (GES-1), intestinal (FHC), liver (HepG2) and kidney (HEK293) cells using a series of experimental and computational approaches to explore the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanism of ILs. We discovered that the cytotoxicity of triazolium and imidazolium ILs was human cell line-dependent with cytotoxicity in an order of FHC > GES-1 > HepG2 > HEK293. For this reason, a toxicity assay using a single cell line was highly inappropriate. Compared to anions (Br-, OTs-, OTMBS-) we tested, the cation of ILs played a major role in causing cytotoxicity. Ionic liquids with cations having longer hydrophobic sidechains (IL09 vs. IL01) readily insert into cell membranes with enhanced membrane and lipidomic perturbations, induce cytotoxicity by triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Reducing sidechain length and incorporating three nitrogen atoms (triazolium) instead of two (imidazolium) in the cation core alleviated cytotoxicity by reducing cell membrane perturbations and cell function interference. These findings provide important guiding principles for the design of the next-generation of "green" and safe ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujiao Pan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hsin-Heng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jialong Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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20
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Kumar S, Fischer M, Kaur N, Scheidt HA, Mithu VS. Impact of Lipid Ratio on the Permeability of Mixed Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylglycerol Membranes in the Presence of 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:174-183. [PMID: 34965130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the impact of the lipid ratio on the membrane permeability of mixed phosphatidylcholine (POPC)/phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) membranes induced by 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12MIM]+Br-) ionic liquid by evaluating the role of affinity and architecture of the phospholipid bilayer. Nine different model membranes composed of negatively charged POPG and zwitterionic POPC lipids mixed in molar ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, and 1:9 have been studied. The membrane permeability of each composition has been evaluated using fluorescence-based dye leakage assays. Despite having the highest membrane affinity, POPG-rich membranes doped with 10 and 20 mol % POPC are found to be the least permeable. 31P- and 2H-based solid-state NMR investigations reveal that the minor POPC component is homogeneously dispersed in the PG/PC (8:2) membrane. In contrast, the lipids seem to be segregated into POPG- and POPC-rich domains in the complementary PG/PC (2:8) composition. Although [C12MIM]+ cations have a stronger interaction with the POPG component in the mixed membranes, their insertion has a limited impact on the overall structure and dynamics of the PG/PC (8:2) composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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21
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Wei P, Pan X, Chen CY, Li HY, Yan X, Li C, Chu YH, Yan B. Emerging impacts of ionic liquids on eco-environmental safety and human health. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13609-13627. [PMID: 34812453 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have been rapidly applied in diverse areas, such as organic synthesis, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, functional materials, pharmaceutics, and biomedicine. The increase in the production and application of ILs has resulted in their release into aquatic and terrestrial environments. Because of their low vapor pressure, ILs cause very little pollution in the atmosphere compared to organic solvents. However, ILs are highly persistent in aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their stability, and therefore, potentially threaten the safety of eco-environments and human health. Specifically, the environmental translocation and retention of ILs, or their accumulation in organisms, are all related to their physiochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity. Based on results of ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and toxicity in mammalian models, the mechanisms involved in IL-induced toxicity include damage of cell membranes and induction of oxidative stress. Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have been used in mining and modeling toxicity data to make meaningful predictions. Major future challenges are also discussed. This review will accelerate our understanding of the safety issues of ILs and serve as a guideline for the design of the next generation of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiujiao Pan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hsin-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. .,Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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22
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Lebedenko CG, Banerjee IA. Investigation of Self‐Assembly of Symmetric and Asymmetric Peptide Bolaamphiphiles by COSMO‐RS and Atomistic Simulations and Their Interactions with POPC Bilayers. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ipsita A. Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Fordham University 441 East Fordham Road Bronx NY 10458 USA
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23
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Beil S, Markiewicz M, Pereira CS, Stepnowski P, Thöming J, Stolte S. Toward the Proactive Design of Sustainable Chemicals: Ionic Liquids as a Prime Example. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13132-13173. [PMID: 34523909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The tailorable and often unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs) drive their implementation into a broad variety of seminal technologies. The modular design of ILs allows in this context a proactive selection of structures that favor environmental sustainability─ideally without compromising their technological performance. To achieve this objective, the whole life cycle must be taken into account and various aspects considered simultaneously. In this review, we discuss how the structural design of ILs affects their environmental impacts throughout all stages of their life cycles and scrutinize the available data in order to point out knowledge gaps that need further research activities. The design of more sustainable ILs starts with the selection of the most beneficial precursors and synthesis routes, takes their technical properties and application specific performance into due account, and considers its environmental fate particularly in terms of their (eco)toxicity, biotic and abiotic degradability, mobility, and bioaccumulation potential. Special emphasis is placed on reported structure-activity relationships and suggested mechanisms on a molecular level that might rationalize the empirically found design criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Beil
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Markiewicz
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Shobhna, Kumari M, Kashyap HK. Mechanistic Insight on BioIL-Induced Structural Alterations in DMPC Lipid Bilayer. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11955-11966. [PMID: 34672578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The emerging application risks of traditional ionic liquids (ILs) toward the ecosystem have changed the perception regarding their greenness. This resulted in the exploration of their more biocompatible alternatives known as biocompatible ILs (BioILs). Here, we have investigated the impact of two such biocompatible cholinium amino acid-based ILs on the structural behavior of model homogeneous DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) lipid bilayer using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation technique. Two classic cholinium-amino acid-based ILs, cholinium glycinate ([Ch][Gly]) and cholinium phenylalaninate ([Ch][Phe]), which differ only by the side chain lengths and hydrophobicity of the anions, have been utilized in the present work. Simultaneous analysis of the bilayer structural properties reveals that the existence of [Ch][Gly] BioIL above a particular concentration induces phase transition from fluid phase to gel phase in the DMPC lipid bilayer. Such a freezing of lipid bilayer upon the exposure to concentrated aqueous solution of [Ch][Gly] BioIL indicates the harmfulness of this BioIL toward the cell membranes majorly containing DMPC lipids, as the cell freezing can negatively affect its stability and functionality. Despite having a more hydrophobic amino acid side chain of [Phe]- anion in [Ch][Phe], in the case of bilayer-[Ch][Phe] systems we observe the minimal impact of [Ch][Phe] BioIL on the DMPC bilayer properties up to 10 mol % concentration. In the presence of these BioIL, we observe the thickening of the bilayer and accumulation of the cations and anions of the BioILs at the interface of DMPC lipid heads and tails. The transfer free-energy profile of a [Phe]- anion from aqueous phase to membrane center also indicates the anion partitioning at lipid head-tail interface and its inability to penetrate in the lipid membrane tail region. In contrast, the free-energy profile for a [Gly]- anion offers a very high energy barrier to the insertion of [Gly]- into the membrane interior, leading to accumulation of [Gly]- anions at the lipid head-water region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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25
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Liu J, Wang Y, Wang C, Gao J, Cui W, Zhao B, Zhang L, He H, Zhang S. Thermodynamical Origin of Nonmonotonic Inserting Behavior of Imidazole Ionic Liquids into the Lipid Bilayer. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9926-9932. [PMID: 34613726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics simulations are performed to explore the dynamical inserting process of ionic liquids (ILs) into the lipid bilayer. We found that the free ions and clusters coexist in the system, but only the cation can insert into the lipid bilayer. In specific, after a microsecond-scale simulation (up to 1.16 μs), the inserting rate increases first and then decreases nonmonotonic as side chain of cation (nchain) elongates, peaking at nchain = 10. However, the inserting free energy decreases with nchain, indicating the inserting process is easier for the larger nchain. Such contrary originates from the formation of cluster, where the cluster dissociating energy shows that only cluster for nchain ≤ 10 can dissociate spontaneously. Hence, the inserting rate is determined by the balance between nchain and cluster stability. These quantitative competition mechanisms shed light to the rational design of the biocompatible ILs toward their applications in the biochemical-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinai Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Loise V, Calandra P, Abe AA, Porto M, Oliviero Rossi C, Davoli M, Caputo P. Additives on aged bitumens: What probe to distinguish between rejuvenating and fluxing effects? J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Correia DM, Fernandes LC, Fernandes MM, Hermenegildo B, Meira RM, Ribeiro C, Ribeiro S, Reguera J, Lanceros-Méndez S. Ionic Liquid-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2401. [PMID: 34578716 PMCID: PMC8471968 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively explored and implemented in different areas, ranging from sensors and actuators to the biomedical field. The increasing attention devoted to ILs centers on their unique properties and possible combination of different cations and anions, allowing the development of materials with specific functionalities and requirements for applications. Particularly for biomedical applications, ILs have been used for biomaterials preparation, improving dissolution and processability, and have been combined with natural and synthetic polymer matrixes to develop IL-polymer hybrid materials to be employed in different fields of the biomedical area. This review focus on recent advances concerning the role of ILs in the development of biomaterials and their combination with natural and synthetic polymers for different biomedical areas, including drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, antimicrobial and antifungal agents, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Correia
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Liliana Correia Fernandes
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Margarida Macedo Fernandes
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Hermenegildo
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Rafaela Marques Meira
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sylvie Ribeiro
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
- IB-S—Institute for Research and Innovation on Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Javier Reguera
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal; (L.C.F.); (M.M.F.); (R.M.M.); (C.R.); (S.R.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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Mitra S, Sharma VK, Mitra JB, Chowdhury S, Mukhopadhyay MK, Mukhopadhyay R, Ghosh SK. Thermodynamics and structure of model bio-membrane of liver lipids in presence of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183589. [PMID: 33652006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are the attractions of researchers today due to their vast area of potential applications. For biomedical uses, it becomes essential to understand their interactions with cellular membrane. Here, the membrane is mimicked with lipid bilayer and monolayer composed of liver lipids extract. Three archetypal imidazolium based ILs, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([DMIM][BF4] or [C10MIM][BF4]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, ([OMIM][BF4] or [C8MIM][BF4]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4] or [C2MIM][BF4]) having different alkyl chain lengths are used in the present study. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements showed that [DMIM][BF4] interacts strongest with the liver lipid membrane compared to other two ILs which have relatively shorter alkyl chain length. The low values of stoichiometry ratio of ILs indicates that ILs penetrate within the core of the lipid bilayer. The interaction of ILs with the liver lipid membrane is found to be mainly driven by entropy which could be due to the change in the structure of the lipid membrane at local or global scales. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements indicate that there are no changes in the size of vesicles due to addition of [DMIM][BF4] indicating stability of the vesicles. On the other hand, x-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements showed a concentration dependent change in the monolayer structure. At low concentration of the IL, the monolayer thickness decreases, exhibiting an increase in the electron density of the layer. However, at higher concentrations, the monolayer thickness increases proving a concentration dependent effects of the IL on the arrangement of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH 92, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | | | - Jyotsna Bhatt Mitra
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Subhadip Chowdhury
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Mrinmay Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | | | - Sajal Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH 92, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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Gupta R, Singh A, Srihari V, Ghosh SK. Ionic Liquid-Induced Phase-Separated Domains in Lipid Multilayers Probed by X-ray Scattering Studies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4977-4987. [PMID: 33644605 PMCID: PMC7905935 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A cellular membrane, primarily a lipid bilayer, surrounds the internal components of a biological cell from the external components. This self-assembled bilayer is known to be perturbed by ionic liquids (ILs) causing malfunctioning of a cellular organism. In the present study, surface-sensitive X-ray scattering techniques have been employed to understand this structural perturbation in a lipid multilayer system formed by a zwitterionic phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The ammonium and phosphonium-based ILs with methanesulfonate anions are observed to induce phase-separated domains in the plane of a bilayer. The lamellar X-ray diffraction peaks suggest these domains to correlate across the bilayers in a smectic liquid crystalline phase. This induced IL-rich lamellar phase has a very low lamellar repeat distance, suggesting the formation of an interdigitated bilayer. The IL-poor phase closely related to the pristine lipid phase shows a decrement in the in-plane chain lattice parameters with a reduced tilt angle. The ammonium and phosphonium-based ILs with a relatively bulky anion, p-toluenemethanesulfonate, have shown a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH 92, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Arnab Singh
- Surface
Physics and Material Science Division, Saha
Institute of Nuclear Physics, AF Block, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Velaga Srihari
- High
Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sajal K. Ghosh
- Department
of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH 92, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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30
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Molecular simulations of lipid membrane partitioning and translocation by bacterial quorum sensing modulators. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246187. [PMID: 33561158 PMCID: PMC7872223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication process mediated by both native and non-native small-molecule quorum sensing modulators (QSMs), many of which have been synthesized to disrupt QS pathways. While structure-activity relationships have been developed to relate QSM structure to the activation or inhibition of QS receptors, less is known about the transport mechanisms that enable QSMs to cross the lipid membrane and access intracellular receptors. In this study, we used atomistic MD simulations and an implicit solvent model, called COSMOmic, to analyze the partitioning and translocation of QSMs across lipid bilayers. We performed umbrella sampling at atomistic resolution to calculate partitioning and translocation free energies for a set of naturally occurring QSMs, then used COSMOmic to screen the water-membrane partition and translocation free energies for 50 native and non-native QSMs that target LasR, one of the LuxR family of quorum-sensing receptors. This screening procedure revealed the influence of systematic changes to head and tail group structures on membrane partitioning and translocation free energies at a significantly reduced computational cost compared to atomistic MD simulations. Comparisons with previously determined QSM activities suggest that QSMs that are least likely to partition into the bilayer are also less active. This work thus demonstrates the ability of the computational protocol to interrogate QSM-bilayer interactions which may help guide the design of new QSMs with engineered membrane interactions.
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Yang DD, Paterna NJ, Senetra AS, Casey KR, Trieu PD, Caputo GA, Vaden TD, Carone BR. Synergistic interactions of ionic liquids and antimicrobials improve drug efficacy. iScience 2021; 24:101853. [PMID: 33364575 PMCID: PMC7753145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of ionic liquids (ILs) with antimicrobial compounds have been shown to produce synergistic activities in model liposomes. In this study, imidazolium chloride-based ILs with alkyl tail length variations are combined with commercially available, small-molecule antimicrobials to examine the potential for combinatorial and synergistic antimicrobial effects on P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. cerevisiae. The effects of these treatments in a human cell culture model indicate the cytotoxic limits of ILs paired with antimicrobials. The analysis of these ILs demonstrates that the length of the alkyl chain on the IL molecule is proportional to both antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Moreover, the ILs which exhibit synergy with small-molecule antibiotics appear to be acting in a membrane permeabilizing manner. Collectively, results from these experiments demonstrate an increase in antimicrobial efficacy with specific IL + antimicrobial combinations on microbial cultures while maintaining low cytotoxicity in a mammalian cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Paterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Alexandria S. Senetra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Kaitlyn R. Casey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Phillip D. Trieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D. Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Carone
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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Hu LX, Xiong Q, Shi WJ, Huang GY, Liu YS, Ying GG. New insight into the negative impact of imidazolium-based ionic liquid [C 10mim]Cl on Hela cells: From membrane damage to biochemical alterations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111629. [PMID: 33396149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to volatile organic solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) are known as "green solvents", and widely used in industrial applications. However, due to their high solubility and stability, ILs have tendency to persist in the water environment, thus having potential negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem. For assessing the environmental risks of ILs, a fundamental understanding of the toxic effects and mechanisms of ILs is needed. Here we evaluated the cytotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-decylimidazolium chloride ([C10mim]Cl) and elucidated the main toxic mechanism of [C10mim]Cl in human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells. Microstructural analysis revealed that [C10mim]Cl exposure caused the cell membrane breakage, swollen and vacuolated mitochondria, and spherical cytoskeletal structure. Cytotoxicity assays found that [C10mim]Cl exposure increased ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These results indicated that [C10mim]Cl could induce damage to cellular membrane structure, affect the integrity of cell ultrastructure, cause the oxidative damage and ultimately lead to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, alterations of biochemical information including the increased ratios of unsaturated fatty acid and carbonyl groups to lipid, and lipid to protein, and the decreased ratios of Amide I to Amide II, and α-helix to β-sheet were observed in [C10mim]Cl treated cells, suggesting that [C10mim]Cl could affect the structure of membrane lipid alkyl chain and cell membrane fluidity, promote the lipid peroxidation and alter the protein secondary structure. The findings from this work demonstrated that membrane structure is the key target, and membrane damage is involved in [C10mim]Cl induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Role of cationic head-group in cytotoxicity of ionic liquids: Probing changes in bilayer architecture using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:954-963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Rajkowska K, Koziróg A, Otlewska A, Piotrowska M, Atrián-Blasco E, Franco-Castillo I, Mitchell SG. Antifungal Activity of Polyoxometalate-Ionic Liquids on Historical Brick. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235663. [PMID: 33271794 PMCID: PMC7729500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Moulds inhabiting mineral-based materials may cause their biodeterioration, contributing to inestimable losses, especially in the case of cultural heritage objects and architectures. Fungi in mouldy buildings may also pose a threat to human health and constitute the main etiological factor in building related illnesses. In this context, research into novel compounds with antifungal activity is of high importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of polyoxometalate-ionic liquids (POM-ILs) and their use in the eradication of moulds from historical brick. In the disc diffusion assay, all the tested POM-ILs inhibited growth of a mixed culture of moulds including Engyodontium album, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. These were isolated from the surfaces of historical brick barracks at the Auschwitz II-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland. POM-IL coatings on historical brick samples, under model conditions, showed that two compounds demonstrated very high antifungal activity, completely limiting mould growth and development. The antifungal activity of the POM-ILs appeared to stem from their toxic effects on conidia, as evidenced by environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. The results herein indicated that POM-ILs are promising disinfectant materials for use not only on historical objects, but probably also on other mineral-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rajkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Anna Koziróg
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Otlewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Piotrowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (A.O.); (M.P.)
| | - Elena Atrián-Blasco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.A.-B.); (I.F.-C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Franco-Castillo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.A.-B.); (I.F.-C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Scott G. Mitchell
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.A.-B.); (I.F.-C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network-Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (S.G.M.)
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35
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Sharma VK, Ghosh SK, García Sakai V, Mukhopadhyay R. Enhanced Microscopic Dynamics of a Liver Lipid Membrane in the Presence of an Ionic Liquid. Front Chem 2020; 8:577508. [PMID: 33330366 PMCID: PMC7710540 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.577508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are an important class of emerging compounds, owing to their widespread industrial applications in high-performance lubricants for food and cellulose processing, despite their toxicity to living organisms. It is believed that this toxicity is related to their actions on the cellular membrane. Hence, it is vital to understand the interaction of ILs with cell membranes. Here, we report on the effects of an imidazolium-based IL, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (DMIM[BF4]), on the microscopic dynamics of a membrane formed by liver extract lipid, using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The presence of significant quasielastic broadening indicates that stochastic molecular motions of the lipids are active in the system. Two distinct molecular motions, (i) lateral motion of the lipid within the membrane leaflet and (ii) localized internal motions of the lipid, are found to contribute to the QENS broadening. While the lateral motion could be described assuming continuous diffusion, the internal motion is explained on the basis of localized translational diffusion. Incorporation of the IL into the liver lipid membrane is found to enhance the membrane dynamics by accelerating both lateral and internal motions of the lipids. This indicates that the IL induces disorder in the membrane and enhances the fluidity of lipids. This could be explained on the basis of its location in the lipid membrane. Results are compared with various other additives and we provide an indication of a possible correlation between the effects of guest molecules on the dynamics of the membrane and its location within the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - R Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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36
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Mbous YP, Hayyan M, Wong WF, Hayyan A, Looi CY, Hashim MA. Simulation of Deep Eutectic Solvents' Interaction with Membranes of Cancer Cells Using COSMO-RS. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9086-9094. [PMID: 32930594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent (DES) affinities with cellular membranes structures dictate the degree of cytotoxicity that results from these interactions. The physicochemical properties of choline chloride (ChCl)-DESs suggest non-negligible cytotoxicities that were attested by published researches. In this study, the profiles of novel N,N-diethylammonium chloride (DAC)-based-deep eutectic solvents (DESs) prepared with various hydrogen bond donors (urea, glycerol, ethylene glycol, malonic acid, and zinc chloride) were compared to those of ChCl-DESs by using HelaS3, AGS, MCF-7, and WRL-68 cancer cell lines. The molecular interactions between salts and cellular membranes were investigated to explain the observed cytotoxicity. The results show that ChCl-based DESs (279 ≤ IC50 ≥ 1260 mM) were less toxic than DAC-based DESs (37 ≤ IC50 ≥ 109 mM). COSMO-RS analysis emphasized the importance of salt hydrophobicity with regards to DESs cytotoxicity. Malonic acid increased hydrophobicity and cytotoxicity in general, thus highlighting the potential of ammonium salt-based DESs as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Paul Mbous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Maan Hayyan
- Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Muscat University, P.O. Box 550, Muscat P.C. 130, Oman.,University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Adeeb Hayyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.,Centre for Separation Science & Technology (CSST), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hashim
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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37
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Kumari P, Pillai VVS, Benedetto A. Mechanisms of action of ionic liquids on living cells: the state of the art. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1187-1215. [PMID: 32936423 PMCID: PMC7575683 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a relatively new class of organic electrolytes composed of an organic cation and either an organic or inorganic anion, whose melting temperature falls around room-temperature. In the last 20 years, the toxicity of ILs towards cells and micro-organisms has been heavily investigated with the main aim to assess the risks associated with their potential use in (industrial) applications, and to develop strategies to design greener ILs. Toxicity, however, is synonym with affinity, and this has stimulated, in turn, a series of biophysical and chemical-physical investigations as well as few biochemical studies focused on the mechanisms of action (MoAs) of ILs, key step in the development of applications in bio-nanomedicine and bio-nanotechnology. This review has the intent to present an overview of the state of the art of the MoAs of ILs, which have been the focus of a limited number of studies but still sufficient enough to provide a first glimpse on the subject. The overall picture that emerges is quite intriguing and shows that ILs interact with cells in a variety of different mechanisms, including alteration of lipid distribution and cell membrane viscoelasticity, disruption of cell and nuclear membranes, mitochondrial permeabilization and dysfunction, generation of reactive oxygen species, chloroplast damage (in plants), alteration of transmembrane and cytoplasmatic proteins/enzyme functions, alteration of signaling pathways, and DNA fragmentation. Together with our earlier review work on the biophysics and chemical-physics of IL-cell membrane interactions (Biophys. Rev. 9:309, 2017), we hope that the present review, focused instead on the biochemical aspects, will stimulate a series of new investigations and discoveries in the still new and interdisciplinary field of "ILs, biomolecules, and cells."
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kumari
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Visakh V S Pillai
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Antonio Benedetto
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy.
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
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38
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Tot A, Maksimović I, Putnik-Delić M, Daničić M, Gadžurić S, Bešter-Rogač M, Vraneš M. The effect of polar head group of dodecyl surfactants on the growth of wheat and cucumber. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126918. [PMID: 32957302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of various surfactants nowadays, may lead to the contamination of the natural environment and represent potential threat to terrestrial higher plants. In this article, the effect of 13 surfactants, with dodecyl alkyl chain and various aromatic (imidazolium, pyridinium, thiazolium) and aliphatic (guanidinium, ammonium, thiosemicarbazidium) polar heads, on germination, development and growth of wheat and cucumber was investigated. The study aimed to prove how changes in lipophilicity of surfactants and their various structural modifications (existence of the aliphatic or aromatic polar group, the introduction of oxygen and sulfur) influence toxicity towards investigated plants. The calculated lipophilic parameter (AlogP) is shown to be a useful parameter for predicting potential toxicity of the compound. The strategy of using surfactants with aliphatic polar heads instead of aromatic prove to be a promising strategy in reducing harmful effect, as well as the introduction of polar groups in the structure of cation. From all investigated compounds, surfactants with imidazolium polar head displayed the most harmful effect towards wheat and cucumber. The cucumber seeds were more sensitive to the addition of surfactants comparing to wheat. All obtained experimental results were additionally investigated using computational methods, simulating the transport of surfactants through a lipid bilayer. The influence of cation tendency to fit in lipid bilayer structure was correlated with toxicity. For the first time, it is concluded that cation ability to mimic the structure of bilayer have less harmful effect on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Tot
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Maksimović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marina Putnik-Delić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milena Daničić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Gadžurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Bešter-Rogač
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan Vraneš
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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39
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Kumari M, Gupta A, Shobhna, Kashyap HK. Molecular Dynamics Evaluation of the Effect of Cholinium Phenylalaninate Biocompatible Ionic Liquid on Biomimetic Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6748-6762. [PMID: 32786926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Toward the search of sustainable green solvents, choline amino acid ([Ch][AA]) ionic liquids (ILs), mainly derived from renewable feedstocks, have emerged as a promising atoxic alternative to the conventional solvents. Recent studies have shown the remarkably benign nature of cholinium-based ILs against biomimetic phospholipid membranes. However, few of the contemporaneous experimental studies have contradicted the aforesaid ecofriendly nature of these ILs with anions comprising longer alkyl or aromatic tails. Aiming to understand the influence of amino acid side-chain variation in a particular bio-IL on biomembranes, herein, we have evaluated the effect of cholinium phenylalaninate ([Ch][Phe]) IL on the structural stability of homogeneous biomimetic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) lipid bilayers using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Although we observe spontaneous intercalation of aromatic rings of [Phe]- anions in the hydrophobic region of the bilayers, the polar backbone of the anion remains coordinated with the lipid polar part through strong electrostatic and H-bonding interactions. Besides, the [Ch]+ cations get accumulated at the lipid-water interface to counter the excess negative charge density. The intercalation of the anionic rings causes significant perturbations in the lipid structural arrangement while still maintaining the bilayer integrity. The quantitative evaluation to probe the deteriorating effect of this bio-IL application establishes anions as the principal component causing the observed structural perturbations. The analysis of the structural properties along with the free energy assessment reveals the higher efficacy of [Ch][Phe] bio-IL to perturb the POPE bilayer structure than the POPC bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aditya Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shobhna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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40
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Saedtler M, Förtig N, Ohlsen K, Faber F, Masota N, Kowalick K, Holzgrabe U, Meinel L. Antibacterial Anacardic Acid Derivatives. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1674-1685. [PMID: 32519844 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on the antibacterial activity of five phenolic lipids derived from anacardic acid characterized by increasing alkyl chain lengths with 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 carbon atoms. The compounds were profiled for their physicochemical properties, transport across epithelial monolayers, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity as compared to common antibiotics. No cytotoxicity was reported in cell lines of fibroblast, hepatic, colorectal, or renal origin. C10 and C12 significantly increased the survival in a Galleria mellonella model infected with multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) as compared to the untreated control group. Future studies are required to corroborate these findings in relevant animal model systems of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Saedtler
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Förtig
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Faber
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nelson Masota
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Kowalick
- Labor LS SE & Co. KG, Mangelsfeld 4-6, 97708 Bad Bocklet, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Zheng W, Huang W, Song Z, Tang Z, Sun W. Insight into the structure-antibacterial activity of amino cation-based and acetate anion-based ionic liquids from computational interactions with the POPC phospholipid bilayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15573-15581. [PMID: 32613219 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigations relevant to ionic liquids (ILs) as antibacterial agents have drawn considerable attention. However, the high cost and potential toxicity of ILs have severely limited their extensive applications, which has motivated researchers to design inexpensive and health-benign ILs. In this work, the interactions between the hydrated zwitterionic phospholipid (POPC) bilayer and a series of hypothetical amino cation-based and acetate anion-based ILs with different counterparts were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict their antibacterial abilities. The cations of the ILs were found to insert into the lipid bilayer spontaneously, especially amino cations. Reorientation of the inserted imidazolium-based cations was observed, while the inserted amino cations showed no obvious reorientation phenomena, probably because of the strong charge interactions between the positive NH3 groups of the amino cation and the negative PO4 groups of the lipid bilayer. Due to their strong affinity with water, acetate-based anions disperse better in water solution, which weakens the insertion of the cations into the lipid bilayer to some extent. The structure and dynamic properties of the lipid bilayer, such as electrostatic potential, local ordering, area per lipid, volume per lipid, bilayer thickness, and lateral diffusion, are significantly influenced by the insertion of the cations, which results in disorder of the lipid bilayer and further disruption of the activity of the cell membrane. The insights into the relationship between the structures of ILs and their antibacterial activity in this work will provide a good reference for the screening and design of less expensive, safer, and greener IL candidates as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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42
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Esson MM, Mecozzi S. Preparation, Characterization, and Formulation Optimization of Ionic-Liquid-in-Water Nanoemulsions toward Systemic Delivery of Amphotericin B. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2221-2226. [PMID: 32343901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal agent that poses a challenge for intravenous drug delivery due to its hydrophobicity and severe side effects that are attributed to the self-aggregation of AmB in aqueous solution. To overcome this problem, we have rationally designed an ionic-liquid-in-water nanoemulsion drug delivery system that harnesses the unique properties of ionic liquids. The complex drug AmB serves as a model pharmaceutical agent to demonstrate the robustness of ionic-liquid-in-water nanoemulsions. High concentrations of AmB were solubilized in a new hydrophobic dicholinium-based ionic liquid. The absorption spectrum of AmB in an ionic liquid mixture and prepared nanoemulsion indicates AmB solubilization in the monomeric form. The hydrophobic ionic liquid exhibits high in vivo biocompatibility with zebrafish. The hemolytic activity of the AmB nanoemulsion was negligible, yet it maintained antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The preliminary results presented in this Communication indicate that ionic-liquid-in-water nanoemulsions may allow for the delivery of a variety of pharmaceuticals intravenously, broadening the scope of ionic liquids in the pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira M Esson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sandro Mecozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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43
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Mena IF, Diaz E, Palomar J, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Cation and anion effect on the biodegradability and toxicity of imidazolium- and choline-based ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124947. [PMID: 31568943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the effect of the cation and anion on the biodegradability and inhibition of imidazolium- and choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) using activated sludge. Six commercial ILs, formed by combination of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) and N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium (Choline+) cations and chloride (Cl-), acetate (Ac-) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2-) anions were evaluated, all representative counter-ions with markedly different toxicity and biodegradability. Inherent and fast biodegradability tests were used to evaluate both the microorganism inhibition and the IL biodegradability. In addition, the ecotoxicological response (EC50) of the ILs was studied using activated sludge and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® test). Bmim+ and NTf2- can be considered as non-biodegradable, whereas aerobic microorganisms easily degraded Choline+ and Ac-. The biodegradation pattern of each cation/anion is nearly unaffected by counter-ion nature. Moreover, concentrations of CholineNTf2 higher than 50 mg/L caused a partial inhibition on microbial activity, in good concordance with its low EC50 (54 mg/L) measured by respiration inhibition test, which alerts on the negative environmental impact of NTf2-containing ILs on the performance of sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Mena
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Palomar
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, University Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Mitra S, Das R, Singh A, Mukhopadhyay MK, Roy G, Ghosh SK. Surface Activities of a Lipid Analogue Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid and Its Effects on Phospholipid Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:328-339. [PMID: 31826620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There are great efforts of synthesizing imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) for developing new antibiotics as these molecules have shown strong antibacterial activities. Compared to a single-hydrocarbon-chained IL, the lipid analogues (LAs) with two chains are more effective. In the present study, the LA molecule MeIm(COOH)Me(Oleylamine)Iodide has been synthesized and its surface activities along with the effectiveness in restructuring of a model cellular membrane have been quantified. The molecule is found to be highly surface active as estimated from the area-pressure isotherm of a monolayer of the molecules formed at the air-water interface. The X-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies of a monolayer dip-coated on a hydrophilic substrate have shown the structural properties of the layer which resembles to those of unsaturated phospholipids. The LA molecules are observed to fluidize a phospholipid bilayer formed by the saturated lipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). At a lower surface pressure, the lipid monolayer of DPPC has exhibited a thickening effect at a low concentration of added LA and a thinning effect at higher concentration. However, at a high surface pressure of the monolayer, the thickness is found to decrease monotonically. The in-plane pressure-dependent interaction of LA molecules with model cellular membrane and the corresponding perturbation in the structure and physical properties of the membrane may be linked to the strong lysing effect of these types of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Singh
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , AF Block, Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - M K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , AF Block, Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
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45
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Susceptibility of biomembrane structure towards amphiphiles, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. ADVANCES IN BIOMEMBRANES AND LIPID SELF-ASSEMBLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.abl.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Kumar S, Kaur N, Mithu VS. Amphiphilic ionic liquid induced fusion of phospholipid liposomes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25255-25263. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of increasing concentration of imidazolium-based ionic liquids ([CnMIM]+[Br]−) on the structural integrity of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) made of pure phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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47
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Preparation of an integrated porous substrate of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and chitosan on gold for electrochemical study of pores and pore forming interactions in lipid bilayers. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Rantamäki AH, Chen W, Hyväri P, Helminen J, Partl G, King AWT, Wiedmer SK. Interactions of Ionic Liquids and Spirocyclic Compounds with Liposome Model Membranes. A Steady-State Fluorescence Anisotropy Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18349. [PMID: 31797938 PMCID: PMC6892914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs) is crucial in the search of greener chemicals. By comparing in vivo toxicity and in vitro interactions determined between compounds and biomimetic lipid membranes, more detailed toxicity vs. structure relation can be obtained. However, determining the interactions between non-surface-active compounds and liposomes has been a challenging task. Organisational changes induced by ILs and IL-like spirocyclic compounds within 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-doped biomimetic liposomes was studied by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy technique. The extent of organisational changes detected within the liposome bilayers were compared to the toxicity of the compounds determined using Vibrio Fischeri bacteria. Four liposome compositions made of pure 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline (POPC) and mixtures of POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS), and cholesterol (Chol) were tested as biomimetic models. Changes observed within the POPC/POPS/Chol 55:20:25 bilayers correlated the best with the toxicity results: ten out of twelve compounds followed the trend of increasing bilayer disorder - increasing toxicity. The study suggests that the toxicity of non-surface-active compounds is dependent on their ability to diffuse into the bilayers. The extent of bilayer's organisational changes correlates rather well with the toxicity of the compounds. Highly sensitive technique, such as fluorescence anisotropy measurements, is needed for detecting subtle changes within the bilayer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti H Rantamäki
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulus Hyväri
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Helminen
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriel Partl
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alistair W T King
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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49
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Westra RL. Resonance-driven ion transport and selectivity in prokaryotic ion channels. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:062410. [PMID: 31962411 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.062410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels exhibit a remarkably high accuracy in selecting uniquely its associated type of ion. The mechanisms behind ion selectivity are not well understood. Current explanations build mainly on molecular biology and bioinformatics. Here we propose a simple physical model for ion selectivity based on the driven damped harmonic oscillator (DDHO). The driving force for this oscillator is provided by self-organizing harmonic turbulent structures in the dehydrating ionic flow through the ion channel, namely, oscillating pressure waves in one dimension, and toroidal vortices in two and three dimensions. Density fluctuations caused by these turbulences efficiently transmit their energy to aqua ions that resonate with the driving frequency. Consequently, these release their hydration shell and exit the ion channel as free ions. Existing modeling frameworks do not express the required complex spatiotemporal dynamics, hence we introduce a macroscopic continuum model for ionic dehydration and transport, based on the hydrodynamics of a dissipative ionic flow through an ion channel, subject to electrostatic and amphiphilic interactions. This model combines three classical physical fields: Navier-Stokes equations from hydrodynamics, Gauss's law from Maxwell theory, and the convection-diffusion equation from continuum physics. Numerical experiments with mixtures of chemical species of ions in various degrees of hydration indeed reveal the emergence of strong oscillations in the ionic flow that are instrumental in the efficient dehydration and cause a strong ionic jet into the cell. As such, they provide a powerful engine for the DDHO mechanism. Theoretical predictions of the modeling framework match significantly with empirical patch-clamp data. The DDHO standard response curve defines a unique resonance frequency that depends on the mass and charge of the ion. In this way, the driving oscillations act as a selection mechanism that filters out one specific ion. Application of the DDHO model to real ion data shows that this mechanism indeed clearly distinguishes between chemical species and between aqua and bare ions with a large Mahalanobis distance and high oscillator quality. The DDHO framework helps to understand how SNP mutations can cause severe genetic pathologies as they destroy the geometry of the channel and so alter the resonance peaks of the required ion type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Westra
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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50
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Chua FJD, Yan W, Zhou Y. The interaction between ionic liquids (ILs) and an enriched ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:842-848. [PMID: 31284132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted attention in recent years due to their "greener" properties compared to conventional organic solvents. However, they may still pose a risk to the environment as their toxicity is not fully understood. Bioremediation of such ILs can be an economically and environmentally friendly approach. Therefore, this study aims to examine the interaction of three ILs (1-dodecylpyridnium chloride [DPy]+Cl, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIm]+Cl, and 1-Carbamoylmethyl pyridinium chloride [CMPy]+Cl) at different concentrations with an enriched ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) culture, and investigate their effects on the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) as well as their removal and transformation. The results indicated that the longer chain IL [DPy]+Cl had a negative effect on the AOR while [BMIm]+Cl and [CMPy]+Cl enhanced the AOR. However, the IL removal rates displayed the opposite results as [DPy]+Cl was observed with the highest removal. It was found that biosorption played a major role in [DPy]+Cl removal. Biotransformation products for each IL were identified and their pathways were proposed. This study demonstrated that although longer chain ILs have a greater degree of removal, and they are also more toxic to AOB at higher concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jun Desmond Chua
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wangwang Yan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
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