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Konorev D, Yao L, Turesky RJ. Multi-DNA Adduct and Abasic Site Quantitation In Vivo by Nano-Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Methodology for Biomonitoring Colorectal DNA Damage. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1519-1532. [PMID: 36066083 PMCID: PMC9665354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and mechanistic studies suggest that processed and red meat consumption and tobacco smoking are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Several classes of carcinogens, including N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) in processed meats and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled meats and tobacco smoke, undergo metabolism to reactive intermediates that may form mutation-inducing DNA adducts in the colorectum. Heme iron in red meat may contribute to oxidative DNA damage and endogenous NOC formation. However, the chemicals involved in colorectal DNA damage and the paradigms of CRC etiology remain unproven. There is a critical need to establish physicochemical methods for identifying and quantitating DNA damage induced by genotoxicants in the human colorectum. We established robust nano-liquid chromatography/high-resolution accurate mass Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HRAMS2) methods to measure DNA adducts of nine meat and tobacco-associated carcinogens and lipid peroxidation products in the liver, colon, and rectum of carcinogen-treated rats employing fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Some NOCs form O6-carboxymethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, O6-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, and unstable quaternary N-linked purine/pyrimidine adducts, which generate apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. AP sites were quantitated following derivatization with O-(pyridin-3-yl-methyl)hydroxylamine. DNA adduct quantitation was conducted with stable isotope-labeled internal standards, and method performance was validated for accuracy and reproducibility. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 adducts per 108 bases using 3 μg of DNA. Adduct formation in animals ranged from ∼1 in 108 to ∼1 in 105 bases, occurring at comparable levels in fresh-frozen and FFPE specimens for most adducts. AP sites increased by 25- to 75-fold in the colorectum and liver, respectively. Endogenous lipid peroxide-derived 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one (M1dG) and 6-oxo-M1dG adduct levels were not increased by carcinogen dosing but increased in FFPE tissues. Human biomonitoring studies can implement LC/HRAMS2 assays for DNA adducts and AP sites outlined in this work to advance our understanding of CRC etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Konorev
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lihua Yao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Robert. J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Ballester V, Taylor WR, Slettedahl SW, Mahoney DW, Yab TC, Sinicrope FA, Boland CR, Lidgard GP, Cruz-Correa MR, Smyrk TC, Boardman LA, Ahlquist DA, Kisiel JB. Novel methylated DNA markers accurately discriminate Lynch syndrome associated colorectal neoplasia. Epigenomics 2020; 12:2173-2187. [PMID: 33350853 PMCID: PMC7923255 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Acquired molecular changes in Lynch syndrome (LS) colorectal tumors have been largely unstudied. We identified methylated DNA markers (MDMs) for discrimination of colorectal neoplasia in LS and determined if these MDMs were comparably discriminant in sporadic patients. Patients & methods: For LS discovery, we evaluated DNA from 53 colorectal case and control tissues using next generation sequencing. For validation, blinded methylation-specific PCR assays to the selected MDMs were performed on 197 cases and controls. Results: OPLAH was the most discriminant MDM with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.97 for colorectal neoplasia in LS and sporadic tissues. ALKBH5, was uniquely hypermethylated in LS neoplasms. Conclusion: Highly discriminant MDMs for colorectal neoplasia in LS were identified with potential use in screening and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veroushka Ballester
- Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - William R Taylor
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Tracy C Yab
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Marcia R Cruz-Correa
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lisa A Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David A Ahlquist
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John B Kisiel
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Yun BH, Xiao S, Yao L, Krishnamachari S, Rosenquist TA, Dickman KG, Grollman AP, Murugan P, Weight CJ, Turesky RJ. A Rapid Throughput Method To Extract DNA from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues for Biomonitoring Carcinogenic DNA Adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:2130-2139. [PMID: 29120619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are rarely used for screening DNA adducts of carcinogens because the harsh conditions required to reverse the formaldehyde-mediated DNA cross-links can destroy DNA adducts. We recently adapted a commercial silica-based column kit used in genomics to manually isolate DNA under mild conditions from FFPE tissues of rodents and humans and successfully measured DNA adducts of several carcinogens including aristolochic acid I (AA-I), 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) (Yun et al. (2013) Anal. Chem. 85, 4251-8, and Guo et al. (2016) Anal. Chem. 88, 4780-7). The DNA retrieval methodology is robust; however, the procedure is time-consuming and labor intensive, and not amenable to rapid throughput processing. In this study, we have employed the Promega Maxwell 16 MDx system, which is commonly used in large scale genomics studies, for the rapid throughput extraction of DNA. This system streamlines the DNA isolation procedure and increases the sample processing rate by about 8-fold over the manual method (32 samples versus 4 samples processed per hour). High purity DNA is obtained in satisfactory yield for the measurements of DNA adducts by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-ionization-ion trap-multistage scan mass spectrometry. The measurements show that the levels of DNA adducts of AA-I, 4-ABP, and PhIP in FFPE rodent and human tissues are comparable to those levels measured in DNA from matching tissues isolated by the commercial silica-based column kits and in DNA from fresh frozen tissues isolated by the conventional phenol-chloroform extraction method. The isolation of DNA from tissues is one major bottleneck in the analysis of DNA adducts. This rapid throughput methodology greatly decreases the time required to process DNA and can be employed in large-scale epidemiology studies designed to assess the role of chemical exposures and DNA adducts in cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shun Xiao
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lihua Yao
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Sesha Krishnamachari
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Thomas A Rosenquist
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kathleen G Dickman
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Arthur P Grollman
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Paari Murugan
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Christopher J Weight
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and §Department of Urology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences and ¶Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Guo J, Yun BH, Upadhyaya P, Yao L, Krishnamachari S, Rosenquist TA, Grollman AP, Turesky RJ. Multiclass Carcinogenic DNA Adduct Quantification in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4780-7. [PMID: 27043225 PMCID: PMC4854775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA adducts are a measure of internal exposure to genotoxicants and an important biomarker for human risk assessment. However, the employment of DNA adducts as biomarkers in human studies is often restricted because fresh-frozen tissues are not available. In contrast, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with clinical diagnosis are readily accessible. Recently, our laboratory reported that DNA adducts of aristolochic acid, a carcinogenic component of Aristolochia herbs used in traditional Chinese medicines worldwide, can be recovered quantitatively from FFPE tissues. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of our method for retrieval of DNA adducts from archived tissue by measuring DNA adducts derived from four other classes of human carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs). Deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 10-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (dG-N(2)-B[a]PDE); the aromatic amine 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP); the HAA 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-PhIP (dG-C8-PhIP); and the dG adducts of the NOC 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), O(6)-methyl-dG (O(6)-Me-dG) and O(6)-pyridyloxobutyl-dG (O(6)-POB-dG), formed in liver, lung, bladder, pancreas, or colon were recovered in comparable yields from fresh-frozen and FFPE preserved tissues of rodents treated with the procarcinogens. Quantification was achieved by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-IT-MS(3)). These advancements in the technology of DNA adduct retrieval from FFPE tissue clear the way for use of archived pathology samples in molecular epidemiology studies designed to assess the causal role of exposure to hazardous chemicals with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lihua Yao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Sesha Krishnamachari
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Thomas A. Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Arthur P. Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Bellisario V, Mengozzi G, Grignani E, Bugiani M, Sapino A, Bussolati G, Bono R. Towards a formalin-free hospital. Levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane and malondialdehyde to monitor exposure to formaldehyde in nurses from operating theatres. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1122-1129. [PMID: 30090418 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: nurses are exposed to formaldehyde when managing surgical samples that are to be later transferred to histopathology. We evaluated the conditions favouring the risk of exposure to this toxic reagent and the effect of measures to prevent it. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study where 94 female workers were enrolled as being potentially exposed to formaldehyde. From each nurse were collected: (1) personal air-formaldehyde by a personal dosimeter (8 hours), (2) a standardized questionnaire, (3) a urine sample to test 15-F2t-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, cotinine. Results: the results indicate a marked difference related to the adoption of the under vacuum sealing procedure, as an alternative to formaldehyde for preserving tissues. Nurses using the under vacuum sealing system in the operating rooms are exposed to levels of formaldehyde 75% lower than those who do not use that system. Oxidative stress biomarkers (15-F2t-isoprostane, malondialdehyde) are significantly higher in nurses using formaldehyde (p < 0.001) and in the absence of the under vacuum sealing system (p = 0.027), in particular in those workers who use liquid formaldehyde in the operating theatre (p = 0.012). Conclusions: analysis of the biological biomarkers confirms a direct responsibility of air formaldehyde on the onset of oxidative stress while the use of the under vacuum sealing technique is associated with a significant reduction of the exposure to air-formaldehyde and redox status. Our findings can be useful to characterize the environmental health risk in operating theatres and to plan preventive measures such as the under vacuum sealing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics , University of Torino , Italy .
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory , San Giovanni Battista Hospital , Torino , Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Bugiani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine , National Health Service (ASL TO2) , Turin , Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Gianni Bussolati
- Department of Medical Sciences , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics , University of Torino , Italy .
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Maiti S, Sasmal K, Sinha SS, Singh M. Analysis of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on E. coli, human blood cells and Allium cepa suggests a greater toxic potential of hair dye. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 124:248-254. [PMID: 26544094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are among the most important emerging environmental contaminants in recent time. PPCPs include wide range of cosmetics, among which hair dyes, are immensely popular in modern society. However, impact of hair dye and its residual discharged to the environment in relation to human health and ecological imbalance have not been widely studied. Based on the result of initial survey among the group of populations of eastern India, three most popular and commonly used permanent hair dyes are selected. Working sample of dye is prepared as recommended on the instructions booklet of the hair dye. The effect of three dyes is studied on Escherichia coli, human red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and Allium cepa bulbs by growth inhibition, hemolysis, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and A. cepa micronuclei assays respectively. The Lethal dose (LD) demonstrated significant differences among three dyes and the model systems. In vitro hemolytic assays performed on RBC, and MTT assays on WBC show the cytotoxic effects of hair dye. Significant growth inhibition of E. coli has also been noted. In addition, the root tips of A. cepa treated with the dye have shown major chromosomal abnormalities coupled with cell division retardation. Here low mitotic index confirm cell division retardation. Finally, results of in vitro studies of dye-DNA interactions demonstrate electrostatic interaction. Combing all these results it confirms that hair dyes are cytotoxic and may cause mutagenic effect on living cells irrespective of microbes, plant and animal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, HIT campus, Hatiberia, Purba Medinipur, Haldia 721657, India
| | - Kankaayan Sasmal
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, HIT campus, Hatiberia, Purba Medinipur, Haldia 721657, India
| | - Sudarson Sekhar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, 1400 J. R. Lynch Street, P.O. Box 17910, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mukesh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, HIT campus, Hatiberia, Purba Medinipur, Haldia 721657, India.
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