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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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2
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Steiner C, Fromm L, Gebhardt J, Liu Y, Heidenreich A, Hammer N, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Host guest chemistry and supramolecular doping in triphenylamine-based covalent frameworks on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9798-9807. [PMID: 34028477 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The post-synthetic modification of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via host-guest chemistry is an important method to tailor their electronic properties for applications. Due to the limited structural control in the assembly of two-dimensional surface-supported COFs, supramolecular networks are traditionally used at present for host-guest experiments on surfaces, which lack structural and thermal stability, however. Here, we present a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study to understand the host-guest interaction in triphenylamine-based covalently-linked macrocycles and networks on Au(111). These triphenylamine-based structures feature carbonyl and hydrogen functionalized pores that create preferred adsorption sites for trimesic acid (TMA) and halogen atoms. The binding of the TMA through optimized hydrogen-bond interactions is corroborated by selective adsorption positions within the pores. Band structure calculations reveal that the strong intermolecular charge transfer through the TMA bonding reduces the band gap in the triphenylamine COFs, demonstrating the concept of supramolecular doping by host-guest interactions in surface-supported COFs. Halogen atoms selectively adsorb between two carbonyl groups at Au hollow sites. The mainly dispersive interaction of the halogens with the triphenylamine COF leads to a small downshift of the bands. Most of the halogens change their adsorption position selectively upon annealing near the desorption temperature. In conclusion, we demonstrate evidence for supramolecular doping via post-synthetic modification and to track chemical reactions in confined space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steiner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Cui D, Perepichka DF, MacLeod JM, Rosei F. Surface-confined single-layer covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis and application. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2020-2038. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the state of the art of surface-confined single-layer covalent organic frameworks, focusing on reticular design, synthesis approaches, and exploring applications in host/guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | | | - Jennifer M. MacLeod
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
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4
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Li Y, Gao H, Yu H, Jiang K, Yu H, Yang Y, Song Y, Zhang W, Shi H, Lu Z, Liu K. Two-dimensional polymers with versatile functionalities via gemini monomers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw9120. [PMID: 31803831 PMCID: PMC6874491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw9120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional synthetic polymers (2DSPs) are sheet-like macromolecules consisting of covalently linked repeat units in two directions. Access to 2DSPs with controlled size and shape and diverse functionality has been limited because of the need for monomers to retain their crystallinity throughout polymerization. Here, we describe a synthetic strategy for 2DSPs that obviates the need for crystallinity, via the free radical copolymerization of amphiphilic gemini monomers and their monomeric derivatives arranged in a bilayer at solid-liquid interfaces. The ease of this strategy allowed the preparation of 2DSPs with well-controlled size and shape and diverse functionality on solid templates composed of various materials with wide-ranging surface curvatures and dimensions. The resulting 2DSPs showed remarkable mechanical strength and have multiple applications, such as nanolithographic resist and antibacterial agent. The broad scope of this approach markedly expands the chemistry, morphology, and functionality of 2DSPs accessible for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hengchong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
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5
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Cao L, Yu Y, Zhou X, Lei S. Surface Confined Synthesis of Hydroxy Functionalized Two-Dimensional Polymer: The Effect of the Position of Hydroxy Groups. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2322-2326. [PMID: 31187935 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report on the on-surface synthesis of a series of two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) and macrocycles containing hydroxyl groups on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The formed 2DPs and macrocycles were visualized through scanning tunneling microscopy. By varying the solvent and reaction temperature, structural evolution from oligomers to well-ordered 2DPs or discrete macrocycles was directly followed. In addition, we discovered that the reaction outcome can be steered from extended 2DPs to discrete macrocycles or catenular structures by exchanging the position of the hydroxyl and aldehyde group. These results indicate that the relative positions of hydroxyl and aldehyde groups on the biphenyl ring play a determining role in the control and selection of the final products of the surface-confined Schiff base coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. of China
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6
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Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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7
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Feng X, Schlüter AD. Towards Macroscopic Crystalline 2D Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13748-13763. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Fakultät Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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9
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Sadhasivam V, Balasaravanan R, Chithiraikumar C, Siva A. Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-rich Containing Melamine-based Microporous Covalent Triazine Polymers as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for C−Se Coupling Reactions. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Velu Sadhasivam
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajendiran Balasaravanan
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnadurai Chithiraikumar
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ayyanar Siva
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai-625021 Tamil Nadu India
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10
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Wei PF, Qi MZ, Wang ZP, Ding SY, Yu W, Liu Q, Wang LK, Wang HZ, An WK, Wang W. Benzoxazole-Linked Ultrastable Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4623-4631. [PMID: 29584421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structural uniqueness of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has brought these new materials great potential for advanced applications. One of the key aspects yet to be developed is how to improve the robustness of covalently linked reticular frameworks. In order to make the best use of π-conjugated structures, we develop herein a "killing two birds with one stone" strategy and construct a series of ultrastable benzoxazole-based COFs (denoted as LZU-190, LZU-191, and LZU-192) as metal-free photocatalysts. Benefiting from the formation of benzoxazole rings through reversible/irreversible cascade reactions, the synthesized COFs exhibit permanent stability in the presence of strong acid (9 M HCl), strong base (9 M NaOH), and sunlight. Meanwhile, reticulation of the benzoxazole moiety into the π-conjugated COF frameworks decreases the optical band gap and therefore increases the capability for visible-light absorption. As a result, the excellent photoactivity and unprecedented recyclability of LZU-190 (for at least 20 catalytic runs, each with a product yield of 99%) have been illustrated in the visible-light-driven oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenols. This contribution represents the first report on the photocatalytic application of benzoxazole-based structures, which not only sheds new light on the exploration of robust organophotocatalysts from small molecules to extended frameworks but also offers in-depth understanding of the structure-activity relationship toward practical applications of COF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Ming-Zhu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - San-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Li-Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Huai-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Wan-Kai An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu 730000 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300071 , China
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11
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Di Giovannantonio M, Contini G. Reversibility and intermediate steps as key tools for the growth of extended ordered polymers via on-surface synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:093001. [PMID: 29345628 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa8cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-confined polymerization is a bottom-up strategy to create one- and two-dimensional covalent organic nanostructures with a π-conjugated backbone, which are suitable to be employed in real-life electronic devices, due to their high mechanical resistance and electronic charge transport efficiency. This strategy makes it possible to change the properties of the final nanostructures by a careful choice of the monomer architecture (i.e. of its constituent atoms and their spatial arrangement). Several chemical reactions have been proven to form low-dimensional polymers on surfaces, exploiting a variety of precursors in combination with metal (e.g. Cu, Ag, Au) and insulating (e.g. NaCl, CaCO3) surfaces. One of the main challenges of such an approach is to obtain nanostructures with long-range order, to boost the conductance performances of these materials. Most of the exploited chemical reactions use irreversible coupling between the monomers and, as a consequence, the resulting structures often suffer from poor order and high defect density. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art surface-confined polymerization reactions, with particular attention paid to reversible coupling pathways and irreversible processes including intermediate states, which are key aspects to control to increase the order of the final nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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12
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Janica I, Patroniak V, Samorì P, Ciesielski A. Imine-Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self-Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:465-481. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Janica
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paolo Samorì
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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13
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Mo YP, Liu XH, Sun B, Yan HJ, Wang D, Wan LJ. The intramolecular H-bonding effect on the growth and stability of Schiff-base surface covalent organic frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:539-543. [PMID: 27910969 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06894d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of intramolecular H-bonding by adding -OH functionalities adjacent to the Schiff base centers is considered to be a useful strategy to enhance the stability and crystallinity of bulk covalent organic frameworks (COFs). However, the influence of intramolecular H-bonding on the synthesis of surface COFs (SCOFs) have been barely explored. Herein, SCOFs based on the Schiff-base reaction between 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and terephthalaldehydes with symmetry or asymmetrically substituted hydroxyl functional groups are designed. In the absence of a solvent, hydroxyl substituents can be easily oxidized; thus argon protection is required to obtain high-quality SCOFs. Besides, an extended network with uniform pores can be achieved in spite of the symmetry of substituents. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on surface synthesis is not as important as that in bulk phase synthesis because the substrate itself can lead to the complanation of adsorbed molecules. The existence of intramolecular H-bonding can enhance the stability of the network in both acid and alkali environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Mo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-He Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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14
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Steiner C, Gebhardt J, Ammon M, Yang Z, Heidenreich A, Hammer N, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Hierarchical on-surface synthesis and electronic structure of carbonyl-functionalized one- and two-dimensional covalent nanoarchitectures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14765. [PMID: 28322232 PMCID: PMC5364392 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of nanostructures in a bottom-up approach from specific molecular precursors offers the opportunity to create tailored materials for applications in nanoelectronics. However, the formation of defect-free two-dimensional (2D) covalent networks remains a challenge, which makes it difficult to unveil their electronic structure. Here we report on the hierarchical on-surface synthesis of nearly defect-free 2D covalent architectures with carbonyl-functionalized pores on Au(111), which is investigated by low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. The carbonyl-bridged triphenylamine precursors form six-membered macrocycles and one-dimensional (1D) chains as intermediates in an Ullmann-type coupling reaction that are subsequently interlinked to 2D networks. The electronic band gap is narrowed when going from the monomer to 1D and 2D surface-confined π-conjugated organic polymers comprising the same building block. The significant drop of the electronic gap from the monomer to the polymer confirms an efficient conjugation along the triphenylamine units within the nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steiner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ammon
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zechao Yang
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Heidenreich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Altarawneh SS, Jazzazi TMA, Ababneh TS, Al Shboul TMA, Al Jaafreh IY. Synthesis, structures, and density functional theory computational study of thiophene-containing and fluorodecorated imine-linked polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suha S. Altarawneh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
| | | | - Taher S. Ababneh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
| | - Tareq M. A. Al Shboul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
| | - Ibtesam Y. Al Jaafreh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
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16
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Polydopamine-based immobilization of a hydrazone covalent organic framework for headspace solid-phase microextraction of pyrethroids in vegetables and fruits. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Plas J, Ivasenko O, Martsinovich N, Lackinger M, De Feyter S. Nanopatterning of a covalent organic framework host-guest system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:68-71. [PMID: 26514994 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have used a boroxine-based COF as a template for C60-fullerene self-assembly on graphite. Local removal of the COF by STM based nanomanipulation creates nanocorrals that may host other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plas
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Markus Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany and Department of Physics Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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