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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Maity A, Mishra VK, Dolai S, Mishra S, Patra SK. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Organometallic BODIPY-Ru(II) Dyads: Redox and Photophysical Properties with Singlet Oxygen Generation Capability†. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4839-4854. [PMID: 38433436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II)-acetylide complexes (Ru1, Ru2, and Ru1m) with alkynyl-functionalized borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) conjugates were designed by varying the position of the linker that connects the BODIPY unit to the Ru(II) metal center through acetylide linkage at either the 2-(Ru1) and 2,6-(Ru2) or the meso-phenyl (Ru1m) position of the BODIPY scaffold. The Ru(II) organometallic complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, CHN, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. The Ru(II)-BODIPY conjugates exhibit fascinating electrochemical and photophysical properties. All BODIPY-Ru(II) complexes exhibit strong absorption (εmax = 29,000-72,000 M-1 cm-1) in the visible region (λmax = 502-709 nm). Fluorescence is almost quenched for Ru1 and Ru2, whereas Ru1m shows the residual fluorescence of the corresponding BODIPY core at 517 nm. The application of the BODIPY-Ru(II) dyads as nonporphyrin-based triplet photosensitizers was explored by a method involving the singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated photo-oxidation of diphenylisobenzofuran. Effective π-conjugation between the BODIPY chromophore and Ru(II) center in the case of Ru1 and Ru2 was found to be necessary to improve intersystem crossing (ISC) and hence the 1O2-sensitizing ability. In addition, electrochemical studies indicate electronic interplay between the metal center and the redox-active BODIPY in the BODIPY-Ru(II) dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjib K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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3
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Fitzgerald SA, Xiao X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Knighton RC, Ward BD, Pope SJA. Organometallic Platinum(II) Photosensitisers that Demonstrate Ligand-Modulated Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Energy Upconversion Efficiencies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203241. [PMID: 36394514 PMCID: PMC10107691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylquinoxaline ligands have been synthesised that introduce either CF3 or OCF3 electron-withdrawing groups at different positions of the phenyl ring. These ligands were investigated as cyclometalating reagents for platinum(II) to give neutral complexes of the form [Pt(C^N)(acac)] (in which C^N=cyclometalating ligand; acac=acetyl acetonate). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples showed that the complexes adopt an approximate square planar geometry. All examples revealed strong Pt-Pt linear contacts of 3.2041(6), 3.2199(3) and 3.2586(2) Å. The highly coloured complexes display efficient visible absorption at 400-500 nm (ϵ ≈5000 M-1 cm-1 ) and orange red photoluminescent characteristics (λem =603-620 nm; Φem ≤37 %), which were subtly tuned by the ligand. Triplet emitting character was confirmed by microsecond luminescence lifetimes and the photogeneration of singlet oxygen with quantum efficiencies up to 57 %. Each complex was investigated as a photosensitiser for triplet-triplet annihilation energy upconversion using 9,10-diphenylanthracene as the annihilator species: a range of good upconversion efficiencies (ΦUC 5.9-14.1 %) were observed and shown to be strongly influenced by the ligand structure in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Benjamin D Ward
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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4
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Xian T, Meng Q, Gao F, Hu M, Wang X. Functionalization of luminescent lanthanide complexes for biomedical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Ma L, Li L, Zhu G. Platinum-containing heterometallic complexes in cancer therapy: advances and perspectives. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are among the most widely used antineoplastics in clinical settings. Their therapeutic applications and outcomes are, however, greatly hampered by drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and the lack...
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6
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Adams CJ, Meade TJ. Towards Imaging Pt Chemoresistance Using Gd(III)-Pt(II) Theranostic MR Contrast Agents. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3663-3671. [PMID: 34355523 PMCID: PMC8678168 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and related Pt(II) chemotherapeutics are indispensable tools for the treatment of various solid tumors. Despite their widespread clinical use in approximately 50 % of chemotherapy regimens, they are hindered by issues with off-target toxicity and chemoresistance, both innate and acquired. To date, there is no effective way to predict the outcome of Pt(II) chemotherapy because the genes associated with resistance are not completely known or understood. Instead, patients undergo weeks to months of potentially harmful therapy before knowing if it is effective. Here we report two Gd(III)-Pt(II) theranostic MR contrast agents that contain cisplatin and carboplatin-based moieties respectively. We used these agents to demonstrate that accumulation differences in Pt(II) sensitive and resistant cells, a dominant factor in chemoresistance, can be imaged by MR. Both theranostic agents bind to DNA, are cytotoxic, and enhance the intracellular T1 -weighted MR contrast of multiple cell lines. Most importantly, the cisplatin-based agent accumulates less in Pt(II) resistant cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in decreased MR contrast enhancement compared to the parent Pt(II) sensitive cell line. This straightforward method to image a key factor of Pt(II) resistance using MRI is an important first step towards the ultimate goals of predicting response to Pt(II) chemotherapy and monitoring for the onset of chemoresistance - a critical unmet need in medicine that could significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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7
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Yao K, Karunanithy G, Howarth A, Holdship P, Thompson AL, Christensen KE, Baldwin AJ, Faulkner S, Farrer NJ. Cell-permeable lanthanide-platinum(IV) anti-cancer prodrugs. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8761-8767. [PMID: 34080595 PMCID: PMC8237448 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Platinum compounds are a vital part of our anti-cancer arsenal, and determining the location and speciation of platinum compounds is crucial. We have synthesised a lanthanide complex bearing a salicylic group (Ln = Gd, Eu) which demonstrates excellent cellular accumulation and minimal cytotoxicity. Derivatisation enabled access to bimetallic lanthanide-platinum(ii) and lanthanide-platinum(iv) complexes. Luminescence from the europium-platinum(iv) system was quenched, and reduction to platinum(ii) with ascorbic acid resulted in a "switch-on" luminescence enhancement. We used diffusion-based 1H NMR spectroscopic methods to quantify cellular accumulation. The gadolinium-platinum(ii) and gadolinium-platinum(iv) complexes demonstrated appreciable cytotoxicity. A longer delay following incubation before cytotoxicity was observed for the gadolinium-platinum(iv) compared to the gadolinium-platinum(ii) complex. Functionalisation with octanoate ligands resulted in enhanced cellular accumulation and an even greater latency in cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezi Yao
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Gogulan Karunanithy
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Alison Howarth
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Philip Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | - Andrew J Baldwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Nicola J Farrer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK.
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8
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Al-Busaidi IJ, Ilmi R, Dutra JDL, Oliveira WF, Haque A, Al Rasbi NK, Marken F, Raithby PR, Khan MS. Utilization of a Pt(ii) di-yne chromophore incorporating a 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl spacer as a chelate to synthesize a green and red emitting d-f-d heterotrinuclear complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1465-1477. [PMID: 33439190 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04198j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new heterotrinuclear (d-f-d) complex [Eu(btfa)31c] (btfa = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and 1c = [(Ph)(Et3P)2Pt-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-R-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Pt(Et3P)2(Ph)] (R = 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl) has been synthesized by utilizing the N,N-donor sites of the organometallic chromophore. The complex was characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Photophysical properties of the complex were analysed in detail using both steady-state and time-resolved emission and excitation spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectrum of the complex is dominated by the spin allowed π-π* transitions of the btfa and 1c units in the UV-visible region (200-418 nm) and thus is excitable over a wide range of wavelengths across the UV into the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The complex displays typical red Eu(iii) emission when excited at 345 nm. However, it also shows green emission when excited at 464 nm and, thus could be an interesting candidate for full colour display applications. The change in the colour could be a result of the high value of the energy back-transfer rate (6.73 × 105 s-1) from the triplet state of the organometallic chromophore to the 5D1 state of Eu(iii). Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters (Ω2 and Ω4), radiative (AR), non-radiative (AR) decay rates and intrinsic quantum yield (Q) have been calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashid Ilmi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khoud 123, Oman.
| | - José D L Dutra
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, UFS, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Willyan F Oliveira
- Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, UFS, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khoud 123, Oman. and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal K Al Rasbi
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khoud 123, Oman.
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khoud 123, Oman.
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9
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Stonelake T, Phillips KA, Otaif HY, Edwardson ZC, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Beames JM, Pope SJA. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigation of Color Tuning in Deep-Red Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2266-2277. [PMID: 32013422 PMCID: PMC7145353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic, neutral iridium(III) complexes of the form [Ir(L)2(N^O)] (where L = cyclometalated 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline and N^O = ancillary picolinate or pyrazinoate) are described in terms of their synthesis and spectroscopic properties, with supporting computational analyses providing additional insight into the electronic properties. The 10 [Ir(L)2(N^O)] complexes were characterized using a range of analytical techniques (including 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR and IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry). One of the examples was structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction. The redox properties were determined using cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic properties were investigated using UV-vis, time-resolved luminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopies. The complexes are phosphorescent in the red region of the visible spectrum (λem = 633-680 nm), with lifetimes typically of hundreds of nanoseconds and quantum yields ca. 5% in aerated chloroform. A combination of spectroscopic and computational analyses suggests that the long-wavelength absorption and emission properties of these complexes are strongly characterized by a combination of spin-forbidden metal-to-ligand charge-transfer and quinoxaline-centered transitions. The emission wavelength in these complexes can thus be controlled in two ways: first, substitution of the cyclometalating quinoxaline ligand can perturb both the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels (LUMO, Cl atoms on the ligand induce the largest bathochromic shift), and second, the choice of the ancillary ligand can influence the HOMO energy (pyrazinoate stabilizes the HOMO, inducing hypsochromic shifts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. Stonelake
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Kaitlin A. Phillips
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Haleema Y. Otaif
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | | | - Peter N. Horton
- U.K.
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- U.K.
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and
Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Joseph M. Beames
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
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10
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Lloyd D, Millet CO, Williams CF, Hayes AJ, Pope SJA, Pope I, Borri P, Langbein W, Olsen LF, Isaacs MD, Lunding A. Functional imaging of a model unicell: Spironucleus vortens as an anaerobic but aerotolerant flagellated protist. Adv Microb Physiol 2020; 76:41-79. [PMID: 32408947 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in optical microscopy are continually narrowing the chasm in our appreciation of biological organization between the molecular and cellular levels, but many practical problems are still limiting. Observation is always limited by the rapid dynamics of ultrastructural modifications of intracellular components, and often by cell motility: imaging of the unicellular protist parasite of ornamental fish, Spironucleus vortens, has proved challenging. Autofluorescence of nicotinamide nucleotides and flavins in the 400-580 nm region of the visible spectrum, is the most useful indicator of cellular redox state and hence vitality. Fluorophores emitting in the red or near-infrared (i.e., phosphors) are less damaging and more penetrative than many routinely employed fluors. Mountants containing free radical scavengers minimize fluorophore photobleaching. Two-photon excitation provides a small focal spot, increased penetration, minimizes photon scattering and enables extended observations. Use of quantum dots clarifies the competition between endosomal uptake and exosomal extrusion. Rapid motility (161 μm/s) of the organism makes high resolution of ultrastructure difficult even at high scan speeds. Use of voltage-sensitive dyes determining transmembrane potentials of plasma membrane and hydrogenosomes (modified mitochondria) is also hindered by intracellular motion and controlled anesthesia perturbs membrane organization. Specificity of luminophore binding is always questionable; e.g. cationic lipophilic species widely used to measure membrane potentials also enter membrane-bounded neutral lipid droplet-filled organelles. This appears to be the case in S. vortens, where Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy unequivocally images the latter and simultaneous provides spectral identification at 2840 cm-1. Secondary Harmonic Generation highlights the highly ordered structure of the flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Coralie O Millet
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony J Hayes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Folke Olsen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marc D Isaacs
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Lunding
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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11
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Adams CJ, Meade TJ. Gd(iii)-Pt(iv) theranostic contrast agents for tandem MR imaging and chemotherapy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2524-2530. [PMID: 34084418 PMCID: PMC8157322 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05937g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pt(iv) prodrugs have emerged as versatile therapeutics for addressing issues regarding off-target toxicity and the chemoresistance of classic Pt(ii) drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin. There is significant potential for Pt(iv) complexes to be used as theranostic agents, yet there are currently no reported examples of Gd(iii)–Pt(iv) agents for simultaneous MR imaging and chemotherapy. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro efficacy of two Gd(iii)–Pt(iv) agents, GP1 and GP2. Both agents are water soluble and stable under extracellularly relevant conditions but are reduced under intracellular conditions. Both are cytotoxic in multiple cancer cell lines, cell permeable, and significantly enhance the T1-weighted MR contrast of multiple cell lines. Thus, GP1 and GP2 are promising agents for tandem MR imaging and chemotherapy and provide a versatile platform through which future Gd(iii)–Pt(iv) agents can be developed. The first example of Gd(iii)–Pt(iv) theranostic agents that are intracellularly reduced to provide MR contrast enhancement with simultaneous Pt(ii) chemotherapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Adams
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Thomas J Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, and Radiology, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
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12
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Belyaev A, Slavova SO, Solovyev IV, Sizov VV, Jänis J, Grachova EV, Koshevoy IO. Solvatochromic dual luminescence of Eu–Au dyads decorated with chromophore phosphines. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01015g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromophore-containing phosphines produce highly solvatochromic gold(i) fluorophores. Their combination with red-emitting Eu centers offers a facile approach to dual emissive complexes with widely tunable luminescence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Sofia O. Slavova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Sofia
- Bulgaria
| | - Igor V. Solovyev
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Sizov
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg State University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- Joensuu
- Finland
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13
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Sarkar A, Kumar R, Das B, Ray PS, Gupta P. A cyclometalated trinuclear Ir(iii)/Pt(ii) complex as a luminescent probe for histidine-rich proteins. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1864-1872. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A trinuclear luminescent organometallic Pt–Ir–Pt complex acts as an efficient protein staining agent due to reversible binding to histidine-rich proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Partho Sarothi Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata
- Mohanpur
- India
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14
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Meng T, Liu T, Qin QP, Chen ZL, Zou HH, Wang K, Liang FP. Mitochondria-localizing dicarbohydrazide Ln complexes and their mechanism of in vitro anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4404-4415. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dicarbohydrazide Ln complexes trigger SK-OV-3/DDP cell apoptosis via a mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Zi-Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Hua-Hong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Fu-Pei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
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16
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Etchells IM, Pfrunder MC, Williams JAG, Moore EG. Quantification of energy transfer in bimetallic Pt(ii)-Ln(iii) complexes featuring an N^C^N-cyclometallating ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2142-2149. [PMID: 30667429 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometallated Pt(ii) complexes with arylpolypyridyl ligands have impressive photophysical properties (high quantum yields, long lifetimes and tuneable emission) which can be readily tuned by modification of the organic ligand. Despite this, few examples of cyclometallated Pt(ii) complexes as sensitisers for Ln(iii) emission have been reported. Herein, we report the photophysical properties for a series of bimetallic complexes incorporating an N^C^N-coordinated Pt(ii) bearing an alkynyl terpyridine as a metalloligand for a Ln(iii) ion (where Ln = Nd, Gd, Er, Yb and Lu). Using a combination of steady state, time-resolved, and transient absorption experiments, the influence on the photophysical properties of the metalloligand exerted by the different Ln(iii) cations has been investigated, together with the energy transfer efficiency from the metalloligand to the Ln(iii) 4f* excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Etchells
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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17
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Ln(III) chelates-functionalized carbon quantum dots: Synthesis, optical studies and multimodal bioimaging applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 175:272-280. [PMID: 30551014 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The carbon quantum dots termined with amine groups (CQDs-NH2) were synthesized in one-pot hydrothermal method with citric acid as carbon source and branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) as passive agent, which was then covalently linked to 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclononane (DOTA) framework to yield CQDs-DOTA. The CQDs-DOTA provide excellent ligand scaffolds for the chelation of lanthanide ions, yielding the related complexes CQDs-DOTA-Ln (Ln = Eu, Tb, Yb and Gd). The successful preparation of CQDs-DOTA-Ln was validated by TEM, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The CQDs-DOTA-Ln (Ln = Eu, Tb and Yb) exhibited the characteristic emissions of related lanthanide ions, indicating the CQDs could sensitize the luminescence of lanthanide ions. Besides, the CQDs-DOTA-Gd could serve as an excellent T1-weighted MR imaging probe due to the chelation of paramagnetic Gd (III) ions and good hydrophilicity. The cytotoxicity of CQDs-DOTA-Ln was evaluated through MTT assay upon HeLa cells. The images from fluorescence microscopy further verified their applications in bioimaging in vitro. Due to the good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high contrast efficiency, the CQDs-DOTA-Ln with Vis/NIR fluorescence and MR multi-modal imaging performance could be used as potential contrast agents for clinic applications.
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18
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Sangari MS, Haghighi MG, Nabavizadeh SM, Kubicki M, Rashidi M. Photophysical study on unsymmetrical binuclear cycloplatinated(ii) complexes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A general synthetic method has been designed to prepare a new series of unsymmetrical binuclear cyclometalated organoplatinum(ii) complexes and the effect of each part on their luminescence properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Mehdi Rashidi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz 71467-13565
- Iran
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19
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Dasari S, Singh S, Sivakumar S, Patra AK. Dual-Sensitized Luminescent Europium(ΙΙΙ) and Terbium(ΙΙΙ) Complexes as Bioimaging and Light-Responsive Therapeutic Agents. Chemistry 2016; 22:17387-17396. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Dasari
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashis K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh India
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20
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Lowe JA, Stacey OJ, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Pope SJ. Alkyl chain functionalised, cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes: Syntheses, luminescence properties and X-ray crystal structure. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Stacey OJ, Ward BD, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Pope SJA. Chromophore-labelled, luminescent platinum complexes: syntheses, structures, and spectroscopic properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10297-307. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ligands based upon 4-carboxamide-2-phenylquinoline have been functionalised with naphthyl, anthracenyl and pyrenyl chromophores. The pyrene appended Pt(ii) complex shows excited state equilibration and a long emission lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon J. Coles
- K National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
| | - Peter N. Horton
- K National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
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22
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Zhao J, Xu K, Yang W, Wang Z, Zhong F. The triplet excited state of Bodipy: formation, modulation and application. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8904-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The accessing of the triplet excited state of one of the most popular fluorophores, boron-dipyrromethene (Bodipy), was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- P. R. China
| | - Kejing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- P. R. China
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