1
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Frezza F, Sánchez-Grande A, Canola S, Lamancová A, Mutombo P, Chen Q, Wäckerlin C, Ernst KH, Muntwiler M, Zema N, Di Giovannantonio M, Nachtigallová D, Jelínek P. Controlling On-Surface Photoactivity: The Impact of π-Conjugation in Anhydride-Functionalized Molecules on a Semiconductor Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405983. [PMID: 38699982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has become a prominent method for growing low-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials on metal surfaces. However, the necessity of decoupling organic nanostructures from metal substrates to exploit their properties requires either transfer methods or new strategies to perform reactions directly on inert surfaces. The use of on-surface light-induced reactions directly on semiconductor/insulating surfaces represents an alternative approach to address these challenges. Here, exploring the photochemical activity of different organic molecules on a SnSe semiconductor surface under ultra-high vacuum, we present a novel on-surface light-induced reaction. The selective photodissociation of the anhydride group is observed, releasing CO and CO2. Moreover, we rationalize the relationship between the photochemical activity and the π-conjugation of the molecular core. The different experimental behaviour of two model anhydrides was elucidated by theoretical calculations, showing how the molecular structure influences the distribution of the excited states. Our findings open new pathways for on-surface synthesis directly on technologically relevant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Frezza
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Canola
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Lamancová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicola Zema
- CNR - Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- CNR - Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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2
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Schunke C, Schweer P, Engelage E, Austin D, Switzer ED, Rahman TS, Morgenstern K. Increased Selectivity in Photolytic Activation of Nanoassemblies Compared to Thermal Activation in On-Surface Ullmann Coupling. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11665-11674. [PMID: 38661485 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is a powerful method that has emerged recently to fabricate a large variety of atomically precise nanomaterials on surfaces based on polymerization. It is very successful for thermally activated reactions within the framework of heterogeneous catalysis. As a result, it often lacks selectivity. We propose to use selective activation of specific bonds as a crucial ingredient to synthesize desired molecules with high selectivity. In this approach, thermally nonaccessible products are expected to arise in photolytically activated on-surface reactions with high selectivity. We demonstrate for assembled 2,2'-dibromo biphenyl clusters on Cu(111) that the thermal and photolytic activations yield distinctly different products, combining submolecular resolution of individual product molecules in real-space imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy with chemical identification in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and supported by ab initio calculations. The photolytically activated Ullmann coupling of 2,2'-dibromo biphenyl is highly selective, with only one identified product. It starkly contrasts the thermal reaction, which yields various products because alternate pathways are activated at the reaction temperature. Our study extends on-surface synthesis to a directed formation of thermally inaccessible products by direct bond activation. It promises tailored reactions of nanomaterials within the framework of on-surface synthesis based on the photolytic activation of specific bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schunke
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Paul Schweer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Dave Austin
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Eric D Switzer
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Talat S Rahman
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
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3
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Nacci C, Civita D, Schied M, Magnano E, Nappini S, Píš I, Grill L. Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:5919-5926. [PMID: 38629116 PMCID: PMC11017312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Light is a versatile tool to remotely activate molecules adsorbed on a surface, for example, to trigger their polymerization. Here, we explore the spatial distribution of light-induced chemical reactions on a Au(111) surface. Specifically, the covalent on-surface polymerization of an anthracene derivative in the submonolayer coverage range is studied. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, we observe a substantial increase of the local molecular coverage with the sample illumination time at the center of the laser spot. We find that the interplay between thermally induced diffusion and the reduced mobility of reaction products steers the accumulation of material. Moreover, the debromination of the adsorbed species never progresses to completion within the experiment time, despite a long irradiation of many hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nacci
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Donato Civita
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Schied
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Magnano
- CNR—Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Silvia Nappini
- CNR—Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Igor Píš
- CNR—Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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4
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Jiang H, He Y, Lu J, Zheng F, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Sun Q. Unraveling the Mechanisms of On-Surface Photoinduced Reaction with Polarized Light Excitations. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1118-1125. [PMID: 38117979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
On-surface reaction has been shown as a powerful strategy to achieve atomically precise nanostructures. Numerous reactions have been realized on surfaces with thermal annealing as the primary excitation. In contrast, far fewer reactions have been triggered by light on surfaces despite its advantages due to the nonthermal process. This is possibly ascribed to our limited understanding on the excitation mechanisms of on-surface photoinduced reactions. In this work, we have studied the photoinduced debrominated coupling by using a linearly polarized light. We successfully achieved the reaction with no annealing process and obtained oligomers as the primary reaction products, which is in contrast with the formation of polymers with traditional thermal treatments. By exploring the dependence of reaction yield on the angle of incidence, we demonstrate an experimental method that can provide fundamental insights. The comparison with the theoretical approximation suggests indirect hot carrier excitation as the leading excitation mechanism. Our results not only provide fundamental insight into the surface photochemical reactions but also set the basis for harnessing light to construct unconventional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu He
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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5
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Lipton-Duffin J, MacLeod J. Innovations in nanosynthesis: emerging techniques for precision, scalability, and spatial control in reactions of organic molecules on solid surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:183001. [PMID: 36876935 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acbc01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surface science-based approach to synthesising new organic materials on surfaces has gained considerable attention in recent years, owing to its success in facilitating the formation of novel 0D, 1D and 2D architectures. The primary mechanism used to date has been the catalytic transformation of small organic molecules through substrate-enabled reactions. In this Topical Review, we provide an overview of alternate approaches to controlling molecular reactions on surfaces. These approaches include light, electron and ion-initiated reactions, electrospray ionisation deposition-based techniques, collisions of neutral atoms and molecules, and superhydrogenation. We focus on the opportunities afforded by these alternative approaches, in particular where they may offer advantages in terms of selectivity, spatial control or scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lipton-Duffin
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Ivanovskaya V, Zobelli A, Basagni A, Casalini S, Colazzo L, de Boni F, de Oteyza DG, Sambi M, Sedona F. On-Surface Synthesis and Evolution of Self-Assembled Poly( p-phenylene) Chains on Ag(111): A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:393-402. [PMID: 36660099 PMCID: PMC9841565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth of controlled 1D carbon-based nanostructures on metal surfaces is a multistep process whose path, activation energies, and intermediate metastable states strongly depend on the employed substrate. Whereas this process has been extensively studied on gold, less work has been dedicated to silver surfaces, which have a rather different catalytic activity. In this work, we present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the growth of poly-p-phenylene (PPP) chains and subsequent narrow graphene ribbons starting from 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl molecular precursors deposited at the silver surface. By combing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we describe the molecular morphology and organization at different steps of the growth process and we discuss the stability and conversion of the encountered species on the basis of calculated thermodynamic quantities. Unlike the case of gold, at the debromination step we observe the appearance of organometallic molecules and chains, which can be explained by their negative formation energy in the presence of a silver adatom reservoir. At the dehydrogenation temperature, the persistence of intercalated Br atoms hinders the formation of well-structured graphene ribbons, which are instead observed on gold, leading only to a partial lateral coupling of the PPP chains. We numerically derive very different activation energies for Br desorption from the Ag and Au surfaces, thereby confirming the importance of this process in defining the kinetics of the formation of molecular chains and graphene ribbons on different metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Zobelli
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
des Solides, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Andrea Basagni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Casalini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Colazzo
- Center
for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic
Science (IBS), Seoul03760, Republic
of Korea
- Ewha
Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco de Boni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Nanomaterials
and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, 33940El Entrego, Spain
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, 35131Padova, Italy
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7
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Song L, Yang B, Fan X, Mao Y, Shan H, Wang J, Niu K, Hao Z, Zeng Z, Li Y, Zhao A, Lin H, Chi L, Li Q. Intra- and Inter-Self-Assembly of Identical Supramolecules on Silver Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8902-8907. [PMID: 36126251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of identical organometallic supramolecules into ordered superstructures is of great interest in both chemical science and nanotechnology due to its potential to generate neoteric properties through collective effects. In this work, we demonstrate that large-scale self-organization of atomically precise organometallic supramolecules can be achieved through cascaded on-surface chemical reactions, by the combination of intra- and inter-supramolecular interactions. Supramolecules with defined size and shape are first built through intramolecular reaction and intermolecular metal coordination, followed by the formation of well-ordered two-dimensional arrays with the assistance of Br atoms by -C-H···Br interactions. The mechanism of this process has been investigated from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Mao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Huan Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Zhengming Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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8
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On-Surface Chemistry on Low-Reactive Surfaces. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D), mono-dimensional (1D), or two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures with well-defined properties fabricated directly on surfaces are of growing interest. The fabrication of covalently bound nanostructures on non-metallic surfaces is very promising in terms of applications, but the lack of surface assistance during their synthesis is still a challenge to achieving the fabrication of large-scale and defect-free nanostructures. We discuss the state-of-the-art approaches recently developed in order to provide covalently bounded nanoarchitectures on passivated metallic surfaces, semiconductors, and insulators.
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9
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[2+2] Cyclo-Addition Reactions for Efficient Polymerization on a HOPG Surface at Ambient Conditions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081334. [PMID: 35458042 PMCID: PMC9031210 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymers obtained by on-surface chemistry have emerged as a class of promising materials. Here, we propose a new strategy to obtain self-assembled 1D polymers by using photochemical [2+2] cyclo-addition or by using a mild thermal annealing. All nanostructures are fully characterized by using scanning tunneling microscopy at ambient conditions on a graphite surface. We demonstrated that nature of the stimulus strongly alters the overall quality of the resulting polymers in terms of length and number of defects. This new way is an efficient method to elaborate on-surface self-assembled 1D polymers.
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10
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Di Giovannantonio M, Fasel R. On‐surface synthesis and atomic scale characterization of unprotected indenofluorene polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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11
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12
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Baruah MJ, Bora TJ, Gogoi G, Hoque N, Gour NK, Bhargava SK, Guha AK, Nath JK, Das B, Bania KK. Chirally modified cobalt-vanadate grafted on battery waste derived layered reduced graphene oxide for enantioselective photooxidation of 2-naphthol: Asymmetric induction through non-covalent interaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:1526-1542. [PMID: 34742071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cobalt oxide-vanadium oxide (Co3O4-V2O5) combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) having band gap of ∼ 3.3 eV appeared as a suitable photocatalyst for selective oxidation of 2-naphthol to BINOL. C2-symmetric BINOL was achieved with good yield using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant under UV-light irradiation. The same catalyst was chirally modified with cinchonidine and a newly synthesized chiral Schiff base ligand having a sigma-hole center. The strong interaction of the chiral modifiers with the cobalt-vanadium oxide was truly evident from various spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations. The chirally modified mixed metal oxide transformed the oxidative CC coupling reaction with high enantioselectivity. High enantiomeric excess upto 92 % of R-BINOL was obtained in acetonitrile solvent and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. A significant achievement was the formation of S-BINOL in the case of the cinchonidine modified catalyst and R-BINOL with the Schiff base ligand anchored chiral catalyst. The UV-light induced catalytic reaction was found to involve hydroxyl radical as the active reactive species. The spin trapping ESR and fluorescence experiment provided relevant evidence for the formation of such species through photodecomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the catalyst surface. The chiral induction to the resultant product was found to induce through supramolecular interaction like OH…π, H…Br interaction. The presence of sigma hole center was believed to play significant role in naphtholate ion recognition during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash J Baruah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Tonmoy J Bora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Gautam Gogoi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Nazimul Hoque
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Nand K Gour
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Jayanta K Nath
- Department of Chemistry, S. B. Deorah College, Bora Service, Ulubari, Guwahati 781007, Assam, India
| | - Biraj Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dakha Devi Rasiwasia College, Dibrugarh, Assam 786184, India
| | - Kusum K Bania
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India.
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13
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Langlais V, Schneider K, Tang H. Light assisted synthesis of poly-para-phenylene on Ag(001). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:055001. [PMID: 34700309 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac334e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of poly-para-phenylene (PPP) obtained by light-assisted on-surface-synthesis (OSS) on Ag(100) was carried out by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy together with density functional theory calculations. The use of light in combination with heat allows to lower by 50 K annealing temperature the each stage of the Ullmann coupling. Debromination of the 4,4″ dibromo-p-terphenyl precursors was thus realized at 300 K, the formation of the first oligomers from the organometallic intermediate by silver bridging atom release at 423 K and PPP by complete elimination of the silver at 473 K. This approach to lower the reaction temperature permits to enhance the Ag(100) surface reactivity to become comparable to that of Cu(111). The underlying mechanism of light effect was proposed to occur via surface mediated excitation, with the creation of photoexcited electrons known as hot electrons correlated with surface plasmon excitation. This original pathway combining both light and heat provides an additional parameter to control OSS by separating the precursor activation stage from the diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Langlais
- CEMES-CNRS, Center for Materials Elaboration and Structural Studies, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - K Schneider
- CEMES-CNRS, Center for Materials Elaboration and Structural Studies, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - H Tang
- CEMES-CNRS, Center for Materials Elaboration and Structural Studies, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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14
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Nacci C, Schied M, Civita D, Magnano E, Nappini S, Píš I, Grill L. Thermal- vs Light-Induced On-Surface Polymerization. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:22554-22561. [PMID: 34712378 PMCID: PMC8543439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On-surface polymerization is a powerful bottom-up approach that allows for the growth of covalent architectures with defined properties using the two-dimensional confinement of a highly defined single-crystal surface. Thermal heating is the preferred approach to initiate the reaction, often via cleavage of halogen substituents from the molecular building blocks. Light represents an alternative stimulus but has, thus far, only rarely been used. Here, we present a direct comparison of on-surface polymerization of dibromo-anthracene molecules, induced either thermally or by light, and study the differences between the two approaches. Insight is obtained by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, locally studying the polymer shape and size, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which identifies bond formation by averaging over large surface areas. While the polymer length increases slowly with the sample heating temperature, illumination promotes only the formation of short covalent structures, independent of the duration of light exposure. Moreover, irradiation with UV light at different sample temperatures highlights the important role of molecular diffusion across the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nacci
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Schied
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Donato Civita
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM
CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | | | - Igor Píš
- IOM
CNR Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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On-surface photopolymerization of two-dimensional polymers ordered on the mesoscale. Nat Chem 2021; 13:730-736. [PMID: 34083780 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of solid supports and ultra-high vacuum conditions for the synthesis of two-dimensional polymers is attractive, as it can enable thorough characterization, often with submolecular resolution, and prevent contamination. However, most on-surface polymerizations are thermally activated, which often leads to high defect densities and relatively small domain sizes. Here, we have obtained a porous two-dimensional polymer that is ordered on the mesoscale by the two-staged topochemical photopolymerization of fluorinated anthracene triptycene (fantrip) monomers on alkane-passivated graphite surfaces under ultra-high vacuum. First, the fantrip monomers self-assemble into highly ordered monolayer structures, where all anthracene moieties adopt a suitable arrangement for photopolymerization. Irradiation with violet light then induces complete covalent crosslinking by [4+4] photocycloaddition to form a two-dimensional polymer, while fully preserving the long-range order of the self-assembled structure. The extent of the polymerization is confirmed by local infrared spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy characterization, in agreement with density functional theory calculations, which also gives mechanistic insights.
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16
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Abstract
Extraordinarily robust extended covalent organic nanostructures with unprecedented structures and intriguing chemical and electronic properties are currently synthesized on metal surfaces. Envisaged electronic applications, for instance in field effect transistors or sensors, however, demand insulating supports. To obviate the need for a cumbersome post-synthetic transfer from the metal growth surface to the target substrate, synthesis directly on inert surfaces is highly desirable. Albeit reversible polycondensations are broadly established on inert graphite surfaces, carbon-carbon (C-C) coupling remains mostly elusive. Thermally activated coupling on weakly interacting supports suffers from the "desorption problem", that is the premature desorption of reactants due to increased reaction barriers, which becomes even worse on inert surfaces due to diminished desorption barriers. Consequently, C-C coupling on inert surfaces requires new paradigms. We propose either photochemical coupling or activation of monomers prior to deposition as possible alternatives, discuss the current state-of-the-art and identify future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 München, Germany and Physics Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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17
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Mohebbi E, Seyyed Fakhrabadi MM. Electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of diphenylacetylene-based graphyne nanosheet using density functional theory. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:405705. [PMID: 34157684 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0d81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the structural stability, electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of diphenylacetylene-based graphyne (DPAG) nanosheet are investigated using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The absolute value of the calculated cohesive energy reveals that DPAG nanosheet is a structurally stable two-dimensional material. Also, in the results of phononic dispersion curves, the absence of imaginary frequencies confirms the dynamic stability of this novel material. In addition, the theoretical electronic band structure and density of states reveal the semiconducting nature of DPAG nanosheet. The optical analysis shows that the first absorption peaks of the imaginary and real parts of dielectric constants along the in-plane and out-of-plane polarizations of DPAG monolayer occur in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. On the other hand, the DPAG nanosheet exhibits orthotropic elastic behavior with four independent constants comparable with the data of similar materials available in the literature. Moreover, DFT calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity of DPAG reveals an anomalously very low thermal conductivity of this nanosheet showing its perfect thermal non-conductivity. Our results provide deep insights into the potential applications of DPAG nanosheet for the design of new optoelectronic/nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mohebbi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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18
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Avila-Gutierrez L, Cetina-Mancilla E, Hernández-Cruz O, Gonzalez G, Arcos LH, Gaviño R, Cárdenas J, Vivaldo-Lima E, Zolotukhin MG. Multifunctional polymer-assisted spontaneous transformation of thin gold films into nanoparticles. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Li L, Mahapatra S, Liu D, Lu Z, Jiang N. On-Surface Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanoarchitectures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3578-3585. [PMID: 33606498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis via covalent coupling of adsorbed precursor molecules on metal surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for the design and fabrication of novel organic nanoarchitectures with unique properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, catalysis, etc. Surface-chemistry-driven molecular engineering (i.e., bond cleavage, linkage, and rearrangement) by means of thermal activation, light irradiation, and tip manipulation plays critical roles in various on-surface synthetic processes, as exemplified by the work from the Ernst group in a prior issue of ACS Nano. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in and discuss the outlook for on-surface syntheses and molecular engineering of carbon-based nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Dairong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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20
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Ning S, Zhang S, Sun J, Li C, Zheng J, Khalifa YM, Zhou S, Cao J, Wu Y. Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of Thermally Stable Halide Perovskite Solar Cells via Post-Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43705-43713. [PMID: 32885658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term thermal stability is one limiting factor that impedes the commercialization of the perovskite solar cell. Inspired by our prior results from machine learning, we discover that coating a thin layer of 4,4'-dibromotriphenylamine (DBTPA) on top of a CH3NH3PbI3 layer can improve the stability of resultant solar cells. The passivated devices kept 96% of the original power conversion efficiency for 1000 h at 85 °C in a N2 atmosphere without encapsulation. Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate the evolution of the composition and evaluate thermal and moisture stability by in situ studies. A comparison between pristine MAPbI3 films and DBTPA-treated films shows that the DBTPA treatment suppresses the escape of iodide and methylamine up to 150 °C under 5 mbar humidity. Furthermore, we have used attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and XPS to probe the interactions between DBTPA and MAPbI3 surfaces. The results prove that DBTPA coordinates with the perovskite by Lewis acid-base and cation-π interaction. Compared with the 19.9% efficiency of the pristine sample, the champion efficiency of the passivated sample reaches 20.6%. Our results reveal DBTPA as a new post-treating molecule that leads not only to the improvement of the photovoltaic efficiency but also thermal and moisture stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougui Ning
- College of Electronics & Information Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Songwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jiaonan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Congping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yehia M Khalifa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shouhuan Zhou
- College of Electronics & Information Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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21
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Wang Q, Chen MT, Franco-Cañellas A, Shen B, Geiger T, F. Bettinger H, Schreiber F, Salzmann I, Gerlach A, Duhm S. Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1361-1370. [PMID: 32974114 PMCID: PMC7492695 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structural and electronic properties of 2,3,9,10-tetrafluoropentacene (F4PEN) on Ag(111) via X-ray standing waves (XSW), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) as well as ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS). XSW revealed that the adsorption distances of F4PEN in (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) were 3.00 Å for carbon atoms and 3.05 Å for fluorine atoms. The F4PEN monolayer was essentially lying on Ag(111), and multilayers adopted π-stacking. Our study shed light not only on the F4PEN-Ag(111) interface but also on the fundamental adsorption behavior of fluorinated pentacene derivatives on metals in the context of interface energetics and growth mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antoni Franco-Cañellas
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bin Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Geiger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Duhm
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Queffélec C, Forato F, Bujoli B, Knight DA, Fonda E, Humbert B. Investigation of copper oxidation states in plasmonic nanomaterials by XAS and Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2193-2199. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced surface Raman technique and XANES for detection of copper(ii) or copper(i) plasmonic-nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Bujoli
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- CEISAM
- UMR 6230
- F-44000 Nantes
| | - D. Andrew Knight
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering & Sciences
- Florida Institute of Technology
- Melbourne
- USA
| | - Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L’ormes des merisiers
- Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - Bernard Humbert
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- CNRS-Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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23
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Colazzo L, Casarin M, Sambi M, Sedona F. On-Surface Photochemistry of Pre-Ordered 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-acetylenes: C-H Bond Activation and Intermolecular Coupling on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2317-2321. [PMID: 31245897 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we report on light-induced metal-free coupling of propynylbenzene molecular units on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. The reaction occurs within the self-assembled monolayer and leads to the generation of covalently coupled 1,5-hexadiyne and para-terphenyl derivatives under topological control. Such photochemical uncatalysed pathway represents an original approach in the field of topological C-C coupling at the solid/liquid interface and provides new insight into the low temperature formation of aromatic compounds at the surface of carbonaceous supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Colazzo
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,CNR-ICMATE, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Consorzio INSTM, Unità di Ricerca di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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24
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Palmino F, Loppacher C, Chérioux F. Photochemistry Highlights on On-Surface Synthesis. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2271-2280. [PMID: 31225692 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On-surface chemistry is a promising way to achieve the bottom-up construction of covalently-bonded molecular precursors into extended atomically-precise polymers adsorbed on surfaces. These polymers exhibit unprecedented physical or chemical properties which are of great interest for various potential applications. These nanostructures were mainly obtained in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) on noble metal single-crystal surfaces by thermal annealing as stimulus to provoke the polymerization with a catalytic role of the surface adatoms. Nevertheless, photons are also a powerful source of energy to induce the formation of covalent architectures, even if it is less-used on surfaces than in solution. In this minireview, we discuss the photo-induced on-surface polymerization from the basic mechanisms of photochemistry to the formation of extended polymers on different kinds of surfaces, which are characterized by scanning probe microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Palmino
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - C Loppacher
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IM2NP, F-13397, Marseille, France
| | - F Chérioux
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, F-25030, Besancon, France
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25
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Urgel JI, Di Giovannantonio M, Gandus G, Chen Q, Liu X, Hayashi H, Ruffieux P, Decurtins S, Narita A, Passerone D, Yamada H, Liu S, Müllen K, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R. Overcoming Steric Hindrance in Aryl‐Aryl Homocoupling via On‐Surface Copolymerization. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2360-2366. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José I. Urgel
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Guido Gandus
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials ScienceGraduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Daniele Passerone
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials ScienceGraduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shi‐Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Carlo A. Pignedoli
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology nanotech@surfaces Laboratory 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern 3012 Bern Switzerland
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26
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Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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27
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De Marchi F, Galeotti G, Simenas M, Tornau EE, Pezzella A, MacLeod J, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F. Room-temperature surface-assisted reactivity of a melanin precursor: silver metal-organic coordination versus covalent dimerization on gold. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16721-16729. [PMID: 30156253 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of catecholamines to undergo oxidative self-polymerization provides an attractive route for preparation of coatings for biotechnology and biomedicine applications. However, efforts toward developing a complete understanding of the mechanism that underpins polymerization have been hindered by the multiple catechol crosslinking reaction pathways that occur during the reaction. Scanning tunneling microscopy allows the investigation of small molecules in a reduced-complexity environment, providing important insight into how the intermolecular forces drive the formation of supramolecular assemblies in a controlled setting. Capitalizing on this approach, we studied the self-assembly of 5,6-dihydroxy-indole (DHI) on Au(111) and Ag(111) to investigate the interactions that affect the two-dimensional growth mechanism and to elucidate the behavior of the catechol group on these two surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, together with density functional theory and Monte Carlo modeling, helps unravel the differences between the two systems. The molecules form large ordered domains, yet with completely different architectures. Our data reveal that some of the DHI molecules deposited on Ag are in a modified redox state, with their catechol group oxidized into quinone. On Ag(111), the molecules are deposited in long-range lamellar patterns stabilized by metal-organic coordination, while covalent dimer pairs are observed on Au(111). We also show that the oxidation susceptibility is affected by the substrate, with the DHI/Au remaining inert even after being exposed to O2 gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Marchi
- Centre Energie, Materiaux et Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, Canada J3X 1S2.
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28
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Cai L, Yu X, Liu M, Sun Q, Bao M, Zha Z, Pan J, Ma H, Ju H, Hu S, Xu L, Zou J, Yuan C, Jacob T, Björk J, Zhu J, Qiu X, Xu W. Direct Formation of C-C Double-Bonded Structural Motifs by On-Surface Dehalogenative Homocoupling of gem-Dibromomethyl Molecules. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7959-7966. [PMID: 30016072 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers are of great importance in a variety of chemistry-related disciplines and applications. The recently developed bottom-up on-surface synthesis strategy provides us with opportunities for the fabrication of various nanostructures in a flexible and facile manner, which could be investigated by high-resolution microscopic techniques in real space. Herein, we designed and synthesized molecular precursors functionalized with benzal gem-dibromomethyl groups. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy, high-resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that it is feasible to achieve the direct formation of C-C double-bonded structural motifs via on-surface dehalogenative homocoupling reactions on the Au(111) surface. Correspondingly, we convert the sp3-hybridized state to an sp2-hybridized state of carbon atoms, i. e., from an alkyl group to an alkenyl one. Moreover, by such a bottom-up strategy, we have successfully fabricated poly(phenylenevinylene) chains on the surface, which is anticipated to inspire further studies toward understanding the nature of conductive polymers at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Cai
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Bao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shanwei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Zou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry , Ulm University , Albert Einstein Allee 47 , 89069 Ulm , Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM , Linköping University , 581 83 Linköping , Sweden
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800 , Shanghai 201804 , People's Republic of China
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29
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Micrometre-long covalent organic fibres by photoinitiated chain-growth radical polymerization on an alkali-halide surface. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1112-1117. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Marina N, Lanterna AE, Scaiano JC. Expanding the Color Space in the Two-Color Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Ullmann C–C Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Marina
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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31
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Rodríguez-Fernández J, Schmidt SB, Lauritsen JV. Sulfur-driven switching of the Ullmann coupling on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3621-3624. [PMID: 29577149 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to selectively switch the Ullmann coupling reaction of 2,8-dibromodibenzothiophene on a Au(111) support. The Ullmann coupling reaction is effective already at low temperature, but the complete inhibition of the same reaction can be achieved on Au(111) pre-exposed to H2S. The marked difference in reactivity of pretreated Au(111) is explained by the S-passivation of free Au atoms emerging from reconstruction sites. The inhibited state can be fully lifted by removing the S via hydrogen gas post-exposure.
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32
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Niu T, Wu J, Ling F, Jin S, Lu G, Zhou M. Halogen-Adatom Mediated Phase Transition of Two-Dimensional Molecular Self-Assembly on a Metal Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:553-560. [PMID: 29268013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Construction of tunable and robust two-dimensional (2D) molecular arrays with desirable lattices and functionalities over a macroscopic scale relies on spontaneous and reversible noncovalent interactions between suitable molecules as building blocks. Halogen bonding, with active tunability of direction, strength, and length, is ideal for tailoring supramolecular structures. Herein, by combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and systematic first-principles calculations, we demonstrate novel halogen bonding involving single halogen atoms and phase engineering in 2D molecular self-assembly. On the Au(111) surface, we observed catalyzed dehalogenation of hexabromobenzene (HBB) molecules, during which negatively charged bromine adatoms (Brδ-) were generated and participated in assembly via unique C-Brδ+···Brδ- interaction, drastically different from HBB assembly on a chemically inert graphene substrate. We successfully mapped out different phases of the assembled superstructure, including densely packed hexagonal, tetragonal, dimer chain, and expanded hexagonal lattices at room temperature, 60 °C, 90 °C, and 110 °C, respectively, and the critical role of Brδ- in regulating lattice characteristics was highlighted. Our results show promise for manipulating the interplay between noncovalent interactions and catalytic reactions for future development of molecular nanoelectronics and 2D crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Niu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jinge Wu
- School of Physics, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Faling Ling
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- School of Physics, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanghong Lu
- School of Physics, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Physics, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
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33
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34
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Wang Y, Hu S, Li Q, Gu G, Zhao Y, Liang H, Li W. One step synthesis of high-efficiency AgBr–Br–g-C3N4 composite catalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production via two channel pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36903-36909. [PMID: 35558951 PMCID: PMC9088936 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a two-component modified AgBr–Br–g-C3N4 composite catalyst with outstanding photocatalytic H2O2 production ability is synthesized. XRD, UV-Vis, N2 adsorption, TEM, XPS, EPR and PL were used to characterize the obtained catalysts. The as-prepared AgBr–Br–g-C3N4 composite catalyst shows the highest H2O2 equilibrium concentration of 3.9 mmol L−1, which is 7.8 and 19.5 times higher than that of GCN and AgBr. A “two channel pathway” is proposed for this reaction system which causes the remarkably promoted H2O2 production ability. In addition, compared with another two-component modified catalyst, Ag–AgBr–g-C3N4, AgBr–Br–g-C3N4 composite catalyst displays the higher photocatalytic H2O2 production ability and stability. In this work, a two-component modified AgBr–Br–g-C3N4 composite catalyst with outstanding photocatalytic H2O2 production ability is synthesized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Shaozheng Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Guizhou Gu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Hongyu Liang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
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35
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Smerieri M, Píš I, Ferrighi L, Nappini S, Lusuan A, Vattuone L, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Magnano E, Di Valentin C, Bondino F, Savio L. Synthesis of corrugated C-based nanostructures by Br-corannulene oligomerization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26161-26172. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure and electronic properties of carbon-based nanostructures obtained by metal surface assisted synthesis is highly dependent on the nature of the precursor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Píš
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- 34149 Basovizza (TS)
- Italy
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
| | - Lara Ferrighi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Vattuone
- IMEM-CNR
- UOS Genova
- 16146 Genova
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
- 34149 Basovizza (TS)
- Italy
- Department of Physics
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36
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Wang T, Fan Q, Feng L, Tao Z, Huang J, Ju H, Xu Q, Hu S, Zhu J. Chiral Kagome Lattices from On-Surface Synthesized Molecules. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3329-3333. [PMID: 28910515 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kagome lattices have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in spin-frustrated magnetism and host-guest chemistry. Examples toward the fabrication of 2D Kagome lattices reported previously have in common that the precursor molecules were typically deposited on the surface structurally intact with no chemical reactions accompanied. Herein, by using a combination of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we demonstrated the fabrication of two types of chiral Kagome lattices from on-surface synthesized organometallic compounds, which are known as intermediates of Glaser coupling on silver single crystal surfaces. These Kagome lattices are stabilized by the interplay of various intermolecular interactions, including Br⋅⋅⋅Br bonds, C-Br⋅⋅⋅π bonds and π-π stacking. The chiral transference and host-guest supramolecular structure in the novel Kagome lattices were also studied. Our studies may pave a new way to engineer complex supramolecular networks through on-surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Qitang Fan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Lin Feng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Zhijie Tao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Huanxin Ju
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Shanwei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
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37
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Hayashi H, Yamaguchi J, Jippo H, Hayashi R, Aratani N, Ohfuchi M, Sato S, Yamada H. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Surface-Assisted Graphene Nanoribbon Synthesis Featuring Carbon-Fluorine Bond Cleavage. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6204-6210. [PMID: 28525720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Edge-fluorinated graphene nanoribbons are predicted to exhibit attractive structural and electronic properties, which, however, still need to be demonstrated experimentally. Hence, to provide further experimental insights, an anthracene trimer comprising a partially fluorinated central unit is explored as a precursor molecule, with scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, indicating the formation of partially edge-fluorinated polyanthrylenes via on-surface reactions after annealing at 350 °C on Au(111) under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Further annealing at 400 °C leads to the cyclodehydrogenation of partially edge-fluorinated polyanthrylenes to form graphene nanoribbons, resulting in carbon-fluorine bond cleavage despite its high dissociation energy. Extensive theoretical calculations reveal a defluorination-based reaction mechanism, showing that a critical intermediate structure, obtained as a result of H atom migration to the terminal carbon of a fluorinated anthracene unit in polyanthrylene, plays a crucial role in significantly lowering the activation energy of carbon-fluorine bond dissociation. These results suggest the importance of transient structures in intermediate states for synthesizing edge-fluorinated graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamaguchi
- Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd and Fujitsu Limited , 10-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Jippo
- Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd and Fujitsu Limited , 10-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mari Ohfuchi
- Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd and Fujitsu Limited , 10-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd and Fujitsu Limited , 10-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0197, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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38
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Choudhury S, Wan CTC, Al Sadat WI, Tu Z, Lau S, Zachman MJ, Kourkoutis LF, Archer LA. Designer interphases for the lithium-oxygen electrochemical cell. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602809. [PMID: 28439557 PMCID: PMC5397139 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical cell based on the reversible oxygen reduction reaction: 2Li+ + 2e - + O2↔ Li2O2, provides among the most energy dense platforms for portable electrical energy storage. Such Lithium-Oxygen (Li-O2) cells offer specific energies competitive with fossil fuels and are considered promising for electrified transportation. Multiple, fundamental challenges with the cathode, anode, and electrolyte have limited practical interest in Li-O2 cells because these problems lead to as many practical shortcomings, including poor rechargeability, high overpotentials, and specific energies well below theoretical expectations. We create and study in-situ formation of solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) based on bromide ionomers tethered to a Li anode that take advantage of three powerful processes for overcoming the most stubborn of these challenges. The ionomer SEIs are shown to protect the Li anode against parasitic reactions and also stabilize Li electrodeposition during cell recharge. Bromine species liberated during the anchoring reaction also function as redox mediators at the cathode, reducing the charge overpotential. Finally, the ionomer SEI forms a stable interphase with Li, which protects the metal in high Gutmann donor number liquid electrolytes. Such electrolytes have been reported to exhibit rare stability against nucleophilic attack by Li2O2 and other cathode reaction intermediates, but also react spontaneously with Li metal anodes. We conclude that rationally designed SEIs able to regulate transport of matter and ions at the electrolyte/anode interface provide a promising platform for addressing three major technical barriers to practical Li-O2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehashis Choudhury
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charles Tai-Chieh Wan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Wajdi I. Al Sadat
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sampson Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael J. Zachman
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author.
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39
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Lu J, Bao DL, Dong H, Qian K, Zhang S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Lin X, Du SX, Hu W, Gao HJ. Construction of Two-Dimensional Chiral Networks through Atomic Bromine on Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:326-331. [PMID: 28010063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using atomic bromine and 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA), we successfully constructed and characterized the large-area 2D chiral networks on Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces by combining molecular beam epitaxy with scanning tunneling microscopy. The Br atoms distribute themselves periodically in the network with the maximum number of -C-H···Br hydrogen bonds. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability of the Br-organic networks. In addition, by controlling the ratio of bromine atoms to DPA molecules, different patterns of Br-organic networks were obtained on Ag(111) surfaces. Further experiments with 2,6-di(4-cyclohexylphenyl)anthracene on Ag(111) produced analogous atomic bromine guided 2D chiral networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchen Lu
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - De-Liang Bao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Qian
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Xuan Du
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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40
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Abstract
Surface-assisted Ullmann coupling is both drosophila and workhorse of on-surface synthesis. The fabrication of novel covalent low-dimensional organic nanostructures is accompanied by fundamental studies of surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum
- 80538 München
- Germany
- Physics Department
- Technische Universität München
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41
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Smerieri M, Píš I, Ferrighi L, Nappini S, Lusuan A, Di Valentin C, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Cattelan M, Agnoli S, Magnano E, Bondino F, Savio L. Synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with a defined mixed edge-site sequence by surface assisted polymerization of (1,6)-dibromopyrene on Ag(110). NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17843-17853. [PMID: 27714142 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory calculations, we prove the formation of extended patterns of parallel, graphene nanoribbons with alternate zig-zag and armchair edges and selected width by surface-assisted Ullmann coupling polymerization and dehydrogenation of 1,6-dibromopyrene (C16H8Br2). Besides the relevance of these nanostructures for their possible application in nanodevices, we demonstrate the peculiarity of halogenated pyrene derivatives for the formation of nanoribbons, in particular on Ag(110). These results open the possibility of tuning the shape and dimension of nanoribbons (and hence the correlated electronic properties) by choosing suitably tailored or on-purpose designed molecular precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Smerieri
- IMEM-CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Igor Píš
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy. and IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - Lara Ferrighi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - Angelique Lusuan
- IMEM-CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy. and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Cattelan
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy and Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - Letizia Savio
- IMEM-CNR, UOS Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
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43
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Colazzo L, Sedona F, Moretto A, Casarin M, Sambi M. Metal-Free on-Surface Photochemical Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10151-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Colazzo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR-ICMATE, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Sedona
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR-ICMATE, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Sambi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Consorzio
INSTM, Unità di Ricerca di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Sun Q, Cai L, Ma H, Yuan C, Xu W. Dehalogenative Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynyl Bromides on Au(111): Incorporation of Acetylenic Scaffolding into Surface Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7023-30. [PMID: 27326451 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
On-surface C-C coupling reactions of molecular precursors with alkynyl functional groups demonstrate great potential for the controllable fabrication of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures/nanomaterials, such as carbyne, graphyne, and graphdiyne, which demand the incorporation of highly active sp-hybridized carbons. Recently, through a dehydrogenative homocoupling reaction of alkynes, the possibility was presented to fabricate surface nanostructures involving acetylenic linkages, while problems lie in the fact that different byproducts are inevitably formed when triggering the reactions at elevated temperatures. In this work, by delicately designing the molecular precursors with terminal alkynyl bromide, we introduce the dehalogenative homocoupling reactions on the surface. As a result, we successfully achieve the formation of dimer structures, one-dimensional molecular wires and two-dimensional molecular networks with acetylenic scaffoldings on an inert Au(111) surface, where the unexpected C-Au-C organometallic intermediates are also observed. This study further supplements the database of on-surface dehalogenative C-C coupling reactions, and more importantly, it provides us an alternative efficient way for incorporating the acetylenic scaffolding into low-dimensional surface nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxue Yuan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804, People's Republic of China
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