1
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Bogo N, Stein CJ. Benchmarking DFT-based excited-state methods for intermolecular charge-transfer excitations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21575-21588. [PMID: 39082837 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01866d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Intermolecular charge-transfer is a highly important process in biology and energy-conversion applications where generated charges need to be transported over several moieties. However, its theoretical description is challenging since the high accuracy required to describe these excited states must be accessible for calculations on large molecular systems. In this benchmark study, we identify reliable low-scaling computational methods for this task. Our reference results were obtained from highly accurate wavefunction calculations that restrict the size of the benchmark systems. However, the density-functional theory based methods that we identify as accurate can be applied to much larger systems. Since targeting charge-transfer states requires the unambiguous classification of an excited state, we first analyze several charge-transfer descriptors for their reliability concerning intermolecular charge-transfer and single out the charge-transfer distance calculated based on the variation of electron density upon excitation (DCT) as an optimal choice for our purposes. In general, best results are obtained for orbital-optimized methods and among those, the maximum overlap method proved to be the most numerically stable variant when using the initial MOs as reference orbitals. Favorable error cancellation with optimally-tuned range-separated hybrid functionals and a rather small basis set can provide an economical yet reasonable wavefunction when using time-dependent density functional theory, which provides relevant information about the excited-state character to be used in the orbital-optimized methods. The qualitative agreement makes these fast calculations attractive for high-throughput screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bogo
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christopher J Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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2
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Wang S, Yam C, Chen S, Hu L, Li L, Hung FF, Fan J, Che CM, Chen G. Predictions of photophysical properties of phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes based on ensemble machine learning approach. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:321-330. [PMID: 37861354 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes are popular phosphorescent emitters with color-tunable emissions. To render their practical applications as organic light-emitting diodes emitters, it is required to develop Pt(II) complexes with high radiative decay rate constant and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. Here, a general protocol is developed for accurate predictions of emission wavelength, radiative decay rate constant, and PL quantum yield based on the combination of first-principles quantum mechanical method, machine learning, and experimental calibration. A new dataset concerning phosphorescent Pt(II) emitters is constructed, with more than 200 samples collected from the literature. Features containing pertinent electronic properties of the complexes are chosen and ensemble learning models combined with stacking-based approaches exhibit the best performance, where the values of squared correlation coefficients are 0.96, 0.81, and 0.67 for the predictions of emission wavelength, PL quantum yield and radiative decay rate constant, respectively. The accuracy of the protocol is further confirmed using 24 recently reported Pt(II) complexes, which demonstrates its reliability for a broad palette of Pt(II) emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - LiHong Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Li
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Faan-Fung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Herbert JM. Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3755-3794. [PMID: 38226636 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is the most widely-used electronic structure method for excited states, due to a favorable combination of low cost and semi-quantitative accuracy in many contexts, even if there are well recognized limitations. This Perspective describes various ways in which excited states from TD-DFT calculations can be visualized and analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This includes not just orbitals and densities but also well-defined statistical measures of electron-hole separation and of Frenkel-type exciton delocalization. Emphasis is placed on mathematical connections between methods that have often been discussed separately. Particular attention is paid to charge-transfer diagnostics, which provide indicators of when TD-DFT may not be trustworthy due to its categorical failure to describe long-range electron transfer. Measures of exciton size and charge separation that are directly connected to the underlying transition density are recommended over more ad hoc metrics for quantifying charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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4
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Wang Z, Liang J, Head-Gordon M. Earth Mover's Distance as a Metric to Evaluate the Extent of Charge Transfer in Excitations Using Discretized Real-Space Densities. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7704-7714. [PMID: 37922416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel theoretical measure, μEMD, based on the earth mover's distance (EMD), for quantifying the density shift caused by electronic excitations in molecules. As input, the EMD metric uses only the discretized ground- and excited-state electron densities in real space, rendering it compatible with almost all electronic structure methods used to calculate excited states. The EMD metric is compared against other popular theoretical metrics for describing the extent of electron-hole separation in a wide range of excited states (valence, Rydberg, charge transfer, etc.). The results showcase the EMD metric's effectiveness across all excitation types and suggest that it is useful as an additional tool to characterize electronic excitations. The study also reveals that μEMD can function as a promising diagnostic tool for predicting the failure of pure exchange-correlation functionals. Specifically, we show statistical relationships among the functional-driven errors, the exact exchange content within the functional, and the magnitude of μEMD values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jiashu Liang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Pokhilko P, Zgid D. Natural orbitals and two-particle correlators as tools for the analysis of effective exchange couplings in solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21267-21279. [PMID: 37548912 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Using generalizations of spin-averaged natural orbitals and two-particle charge correlators for solids, we investigate the electronic structure of antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxides with a fully self-consistent, imaginary-time GW method. Our findings disagree with the Goodenough-Kanamori (GK) rules that are commonly used for the qualitative interpretation of such solids. First, we found a strong dependence of the natural orbital occupancies on momenta, contradicting GK assumptions. Second, along the momentum path, the character of natural orbitals changes. In particular, the contributions of oxygen 2s orbitals are important, which has not been considered in the GK rules. To analyze the influence of the electronic correlation on the values of effective exchange coupling constants, we use both natural orbitals and two-particle correlators and show that electronic screening modulates the degree of superexchange by stabilizing the charge-transfer contributions, which greatly affects these coupling constants. Finally, we give a set of predictions and recommendations regarding the use of density functional, Green's function, and wave-function methods for evaluating effective magnetic couplings in molecules and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Dominika Zgid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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6
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Ultrasound-excited temozolomide sonosensitization induces necroptosis in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 554:216033. [PMID: 36493901 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) has been determined to be the chemotherapeutic drug with efficacy for glioblastoma (GBM). Thus, potentiating the therapeutic effect of TMZ can undoubtedly yield twice the result with half the effort. In this study, we found for the first time that TMZ can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the influence of ultrasound (US). This property allows TMZ-US therapy to have better efficacy in the treatment of GBM. Given that the increasing use of US in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and the importance of TMZ for GBM therapy, our results will facilitate the development of TMZ-associated glioblastoma therapies. Moreover, we found that chemotherapeutic drugs might have the ability to generate ROS under the excitation of US. On a larger scale, our findings may be applicable to a wide range of known drugs.
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7
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Plasser F, Krylov AI, Dreuw A. libwfa: Wavefunction analysis tools for excited and open‐shell electronic states. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California California Los Angeles USA
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing Ruprecht‐Karls University Heidelberg Germany
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8
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Mester D, Kállay M. Charge-Transfer Excitations within Density Functional Theory: How Accurate Are the Most Recommended Approaches? J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1646-1662. [PMID: 35200021 PMCID: PMC8908740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the most recent density functionals is assessed for charge-transfer (CT) excitations using comprehensive intra- and intermolecular CT benchmark sets with high-quality reference values. For this comparison, the state-of-the-art range-separated (RS) and long-range-corrected (LC) double hybrid (DH) approaches are selected, and global DH and LC hybrid functionals are also inspected. The correct long-range behavior of the exchange-correlation (XC) energy is extensively studied, and various CT descriptors are compared as well. Our results show that the most robust performance is attained by RS-PBE-P86/SOS-ADC(2), as it is suitable to describe both types of CT excitations with outstanding accuracy. Furthermore, concerning the intramolecular transitions, unexpectedly excellent results are obtained for most of the global DHs, but their limitations are also demonstrated for bimolecular complexes. Despite the outstanding performance of the LC-DH methods for common intramolecular excitations, serious deficiencies are pointed out for intermolecular CT transitions, and the wrong long-range behavior of the XC energy is revealed. The application of LC hybrids to such transitions is not recommended in any respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Mester
- Department of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Mahato B, Panda AN. Effects of Heterocyclic Ring Fusion and Chain Elongation on Chiroptical Properties of Polyaza[9]helicene: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1412-1421. [PMID: 35192355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of lateral and helical extensions on the physical and chiroptical properties of azahelicenes is reported. Starting with the experimentally reported polyaza[9]helicene (9Ha), three derivatives, two with laterally fused electron-withdrawing rings and the third with larger helical length, are designed. For the excited-state properties such as UV-vis and CD spectra, performances of different DFT functionals are evaluated by comparing the energies and characters of the excited states against the ADC(2) results. CPL properties are calculated at DFT level. Among the three designed systems, pyrazine-based 9HaP shows an improved gCPL value compared to that for parent 9Ha. However, quinoxaline-based 9HaQ is found to be the worst CPL emitter with the lowest dissymmetry factor. The helically extended derivative, 11Ha, shows good CPL results, but gCPL remains smaller than that for the parent system. The CPL results are analyzed in terms of electric dipole transition moment (EDTM) and magnetic dipole transition moment (MDTM) vectors, and angles between these two vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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10
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Kesari S, Mishra BK, Panda AN. Excited states in RED/near infrared region TADF molecules: TDDFT vs ADC(2). Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Omar ÖH, Nematiaram T, Troisi A, Padula D. Organic materials repurposing, a data set for theoretical predictions of new applications for existing compounds. Sci Data 2022; 9:54. [PMID: 35165288 PMCID: PMC8844419 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a data set of 48182 organic semiconductors, constituted of molecules that were prepared with a documented synthetic pathway and are stable in solid state. We based our search on the Cambridge Structural Database, from which we selected semiconductors with a computational funnel procedure. For each entry we provide a set of electronic properties relevant for organic materials research, and the electronic wavefunction for further calculations and/or analyses. This data set has low bias because it was not built from a set of materials designed for organic electronics, and thus it provides an excellent starting point in the search of new applications for known materials, with a great potential for novel physical insight. The data set contains molecules used as benchmarks in many fields of organic materials research, allowing to test the reliability of computational screenings for the desired application, "rediscovering" well-known molecules. This is demonstrated by a series of different applications in the field of organic materials, confirming the potential for the repurposing of known organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer H Omar
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tahereh Nematiaram
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Daniele Padula
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Siena, 53100, Italy.
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12
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Can TDDFT render the electronic excited states ordering of Azine derivative? A closer investigation with DLPNO-STEOM-CCSD. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Pokhilko P, Zgid D. Interpretation of multiple solutions in fully iterative GF2 and GW schemes using local analysis of two-particle density matrices. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0055191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Dominika Zgid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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14
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Abstract
The ab initio determination of electronic excited state (ES) properties is the cornerstone of theoretical photochemistry. Yet, traditional ES methods become impractical when applied to fairly large molecules, or when used on thousands of systems. Machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated their accuracy at retrieving ES properties of large molecular databases at a reduced computational cost. For these applications, nonlinear algorithms tend to be specialized in targeting individual properties. Learning fundamental quantum objects potentially represents a more efficient, yet complex, alternative as a variety of molecular properties could be extracted through postprocessing. Herein, we report a general framework able to learn three fundamental objects: the hole and particle densities, as well as the transition density. We demonstrate the advantages of targeting those outputs and apply our predictions to obtain properties, including the state character and the exciton topological descriptors, for the two bands (nπ* and ππ*) of 3427 azoheteroarene photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia R Briling
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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15
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Song H, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, White AJ, Zhang Y, Mukamel S, Govind N, Tretiak S. An Ab Initio Multiple Cloning Method for Non-Adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics in NWChem. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3629-3643. [PMID: 34014085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach based on the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest (MCE) method provides a powerful and accurate way of describing the excited-state dynamics of molecular systems. The AIMC method is a controlled approximation to nonadiabatic dynamics with a particular strength in the proper description of decoherence effects because of the branching of vibrational wavepackets at a level crossing. Here, we report a new implementation of the AIMC algorithm in the open source NWChem computational chemistry program. The framework combines linear-response time-dependent density functional theory with Ehrenfest mean-field theory to determine the equations of motion for classical trajectories. The multidimensional wave function is decomposed into a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories (i.e., MCE approach), which can clone with fully quantum mechanical amplitudes and phases. By using an efficient time-derivative based nonadiabatic coupling approach within the AIMC method, all observables are calculated on-the-fly in the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics process. As a representative example, we apply our implementation to study the ultrafast photoinduced electronic and vibrational energy transfer in a pyridine molecule. The effects of the cloning procedure on electronic and vibrational coherence, relaxation and unidirectional energy transfer are discussed. This new AIMC implementation provides a high-level nonadiabatic molecular dynamics framework for simulating photoexcited dynamics in complex molecular systems and experimentally relevant ultrafast spectroscopic probes, such as nonlinear coherent optical and X-ray signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Alexander J White
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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16
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Brémond É, Ottochian A, Pérez-Jiménez ÁJ, Ciofini I, Scalmani G, Frisch MJ, Sancho-García JC, Adamo C. Assessing challenging intra- and inter-molecular charge-transfer excitations energies with double-hybrid density functionals. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:970-981. [PMID: 33748983 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the performance of a set of recently introduced range-separated double-hybrid functionals, namely ωB2-PLYP, ωB2GP-PLYP, RSX-0DH, and RSX-QIDH models for hard-to-calculate excitation energies. We compare with the parent (B2-PLYP, B2GP-PLYP, PBE0-DH, and PBE-QIDH) and other (DSD-PBEP86) double-hybrid models as well as with some of the most widely employed hybrid functionals (B3LYP, PBE0, M06-2X, and ωB97X). For this purpose, we select a number of medium-sized intra- and inter-molecular charge-transfer excitations, which are known to be challenging to calculate using time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) and for which accurate reference values are available. We assess whether the high accuracy shown by the newest double-hybrid models is also confirmed for those cases too. We find that asymptotically corrected double-hybrid models yield a superior performance, especially for the inter-molecular charge-transfer excitation energies, as compared to standard double-hybrid models. Overall, the PBE-QIDH and its corresponding range-separated RSX-QIDH functional are recommended for general-purpose TD-DFT applications, depending on whether long-range effects are expected to play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Brémond
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Alistar Ottochian
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS, Paris, France
| | | | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Adamo
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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17
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Mahato B, Panda AN. Assessing the Performance of DFT Functionals for Excited-State Properties of Pyridine-Thiophene Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:115-125. [PMID: 33353306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we have examined the accuracy of various density functional theory (DFT) functionals to reproduce the absorption and CD spectra of pyridine-thiophene oligomers. The performance of different levels of approximations in DFT functionals is discussed with reference to the ADC(2) results. Starting from a linear system, like monomer, calculations are carried out at ADC(2) and DFT levels till a helical system, like pentamer, is formed. For vertical excitation energies, results obtained with functionals, like CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD, and M06-2X, are closer to the ADC(2) results. However, analysis of excited-state properties shows that the state ordering patterns or results regarding natural transition orbitals from these DFT functionals sometimes differ from the ADC(2) results. Global hybrid functionals like B3LYP and PBE0 produce excitation energies which are far away from the ADC(2) benchmark results. Similarly, pure functionals and their long-range corrected versions produce either redshifted or blueshifted energies. For the CD spectra, the above three mentioned functionals, CAM-B3LYP, ωB97XD, and M06-2X, again produce spectra closer to the benchmark spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwanath Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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18
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Aguilar Suarez LE, de Graaf C, Faraji S. Influence of the crystal packing in singlet fission: one step beyond the gas phase approximation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14164-14177. [PMID: 33988190 PMCID: PMC8284770 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF), a multiexciton generation process, has been proposed as an alternative to enhance the performance of solar cells. The gas phase dimer model has shown its utility to study this process, but it does not always cover all the physics and the effect of the surrounding atoms has to be included in such cases. In this contribution, we explore the influence of crystal packing on the electronic couplings, and on the so-called exciton descriptors and electron–hole correlation plots. We have studied three tetracene dimers extracted from the crystal structure, as well as several dimers and trimers of the α and β polymorphs of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). These polymorphs show different SF yields. Our results highlight that the character of the excited states of tetracene depends on both the mutual disposition of molecules and inclusion of the environment. The latter does however not change significantly the interpretation of the SF mechanism in the studied systems. For DPBF, we establish how the excited state analysis is able to pinpoint differences between the polymorphs. We observe strongly bound correlated excitons in the β polymorph which might hinder the formation of the 1TT state and, consequently, explain its low SF yield. Singlet fission (SF), a multiexciton generation process, has been proposed as an alternative to enhance the performance of solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. and Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C. Marcel lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain and ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Zuluaga C, Spata VA, Matsika S. Benchmarking Quantum Mechanical Methods for the Description of Charge-Transfer States in π-Stacked Nucleobases. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 17:376-387. [PMID: 33346637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) states are of special interest in photochemical research because they can facilitate chemical reactions through the rearrangement of electrons and subsequently chemical bonds in a molecular system. Of particular importance to this research is the transfer of electrons between π-stacked nucleobases in DNA because they play an important role in its photophysics and photochemistry. Computational methods are paramount for the study of CT states because of the current inability of experimental methods to easily detect such states. However, many ab-initio wavefunction-based and density functional theory (DFT) methods fail to accurately describe these CT states. Here, we benchmark how 40 different quantum mechanical methods describe the excited states of a guanine-thymine π-stacked nucleobase dimer system, both in 5'-TG-3' and 5'-GT-3' conformations. We find that the distance between the nucleobases plays a major role in the energy of the CT state and in the difference of the dipole moments between the CT and ground state. There is a larger range of values (and errors) for the energies of CT states compared to those of states localized on one nucleobase. Wavefunction-based methods have similar errors for the CT and localized valence states, while DFT methods are very sensitive to the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange. Long-range-corrected functionals with a careful balance of the Hartree-Fock exchange included can predict very accurate CT states and a balanced description with the localized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Zuluaga
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Vincent A Spata
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F. S. J. Menger
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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21
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Rupp S, Plasser F, Krewald V. Multi‐Tier Electronic Structure Analysis of Sita's Mo and W Complexes Capable of Thermal or Photochemical N
2
Splitting. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Severine Rupp
- Fachbereich Chemie Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom
| | - Vera Krewald
- Fachbereich Chemie Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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22
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Narsaria AK, Ruijter JD, Hamlin TA, Ehlers AW, Guerra CF, Lammertsma K, Bickelhaupt FM. Performance of TDDFT Vertical Excitation Energies of Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1448-1455. [PMID: 32142173 PMCID: PMC7317478 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the performance of various density functionals, covering generalized gradient approximation (GGA), global hybrid (GH) and range‐separated hybrid (RSH), using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for computing vertical excitation energies against experimental absorption maximum (λmax) for a set of 10 different core‐substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDI) recorded in dichloromethane. The computed excitation in case of GH PBE0 is most accurate while the trend is most systematic with RSH LCY‐BLYP compared to λmax. We highlight the importance of including solvent effects for optimal agreement with the λmax. Increasing the basis set size from TZ2P to QZ4P has a negligible influence on the computed excitation energies. Notably, RSH CAMY‐B3LYP gave the least error for charge‐transfer excitation. The poorest agreement with λmax is obtained with semi‐local GGA functionals. Use of the optimally‐tuned RSH LCY‐BLYP* is not recommended because of the high computational cost and marginal improvement in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush K Narsaria
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian D Ruijter
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koop Lammertsma
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Plasser F. TheoDORE: A toolbox for a detailed and automated analysis of electronic excited state computations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084108. [PMID: 32113349 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of ever more powerful excited-state electronic structure methods has led to a tremendous increase in the predictive power of computation, but it has also rendered the analysis of these computations much more challenging and time-consuming. TheoDORE tackles this problem through providing tools for post-processing excited-state computations, which automate repetitive tasks and provide rigorous and reproducible descriptors. Interfaces are available for ten different quantum chemistry codes and a range of excited-state methods implemented therein. This article provides an overview of three popular functionalities within TheoDORE, a fragment-based analysis for assigning state character, the computation of exciton sizes for measuring charge transfer, and the natural transition orbitals used not only for visualization but also for quantifying multiconfigurational character. Using the examples of an organic push-pull chromophore and a transition metal complex, it is shown how these tools can be used for a rigorous and automated assignment of excited-state character. In the case of a conjugated polymer, we venture beyond the limits of the traditional molecular orbital picture to uncover spatial correlation effects using electron-hole correlation plots and conditional densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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24
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Loos PF, Jacquemin D. Is ADC(3) as Accurate as CC3 for Valence and Rydberg Transition Energies? J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:974-980. [PMID: 31913639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The search for new models rapidly delivering accurate excited-state energies and properties is one of the most active research lines of theoretical chemistry. Along with these developments, the performance of known methods is constantly reassessed on the basis of new benchmark values. In this Letter, we show that the third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction, ADC(3), does not yield transition energies of the same quality as the third-order coupled cluster method, CC3. This is demonstrated by extensive comparisons with several hundred high-quality vertical transition energies obtained with FCI, CCSDTQ, and CCSDT. Direct comparisons with experimental 0-0 energies of small- and medium-size molecules support the same conclusion, which holds for both valence and Rydberg transitions. Considering these results, we introduce a composite approach, ADC(2.5), which consists of averaging the ADC(2) and ADC(3) excitation energies. Although ADC(2.5) does not match the CC3 accuracy, it significantly improves the ADC(3) results, especially for vertical energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), CNRS , Université de Toulouse , 31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM UMR UN-CNRS 6230 , Université de Nantes , F-44000 Nantes , France
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25
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Nieman R, Aquino AJA, Lischka H. Benchmark ab initio calculations on intermolecular structures and the exciton character of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) dimers. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5139411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reed Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
| | - Adelia J. A. Aquino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Kimber P, Plasser F. Toward an understanding of electronic excitation energies beyond the molecular orbital picture. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6058-6080. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Can we gain an intuitive understanding of excitation energies beyond the molecular picture?
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kimber
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- UK
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27
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Fdez. Galván I, Vacher M, Alavi A, Angeli C, Aquilante F, Autschbach J, Bao JJ, Bokarev SI, Bogdanov NA, Carlson RK, Chibotaru LF, Creutzberg J, Dattani N, Delcey MG, Dong SS, Dreuw A, Freitag L, Frutos LM, Gagliardi L, Gendron F, Giussani A, González L, Grell G, Guo M, Hoyer CE, Johansson M, Keller S, Knecht S, Kovačević G, Källman E, Li Manni G, Lundberg M, Ma Y, Mai S, Malhado JP, Malmqvist PÅ, Marquetand P, Mewes SA, Norell J, Olivucci M, Oppel M, Phung QM, Pierloot K, Plasser F, Reiher M, Sand AM, Schapiro I, Sharma P, Stein CJ, Sørensen LK, Truhlar DG, Ugandi M, Ungur L, Valentini A, Vancoillie S, Veryazov V, Weser O, Wesołowski TA, Widmark PO, Wouters S, Zech A, Zobel JP, Lindh R. OpenMolcas: From Source Code to Insight. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5925-5964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali Alavi
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Celestino Angeli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Aquilante
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Jie J. Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nikolay A. Bogdanov
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rebecca K. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Liviu F. Chibotaru
- Theory of Nanomaterials Group, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Joel Creutzberg
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nike Dattani
- Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mickaël G. Delcey
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sijia S. Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Freitag
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, and Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río”, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Frédéric Gendron
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Apartado 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilbert Grell
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chad E. Hoyer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marcus Johansson
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Keller
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Knecht
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Goran Kovačević
- Division of Materials Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O.B. 180, Bijenička 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yingjin Ma
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - João Pedro Malhado
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Per Åke Malmqvist
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag
102904, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- USIAS and Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M. Sand
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lasse Kragh Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Mihkel Ugandi
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Research Unit MolSys, Allée du 6 Août, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Vancoillie
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Valera Veryazov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Weser
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomasz A. Wesołowski
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Per-Olof Widmark
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wouters
- Brantsandpatents, Pauline van Pottelsberghelaan 24, 9051 Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Belgium
| | - Alexander Zech
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry (UC3), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Zhu L, Tu Z, Yi Y, Wei Z. Achieving Small Exciton Binding Energies in Small Molecule Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Molecular Packing. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4888-4894. [PMID: 31402673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of strong exciton binding energy (Eb), an exciton dissociation process and extra energy losses are present in organic solar cells relative to inorganic and perovskite solar cells. Here, we calculated the Eb of a series of small molecule acceptors in solid crystals by a self-consistent quantum mechanics/embedded charge approach. The results show that the Eb values are substantially reduced from the gas phase to solid state because of electronic polarization (mainly from the induction effect of charges). Moreover, in contrast to little changes in the gas phase, the Eb in the solid state can vary significantly, indicating an important molecular packing effect. Remarkably, an extremely weak Eb of 0.04 eV is achieved in a three-dimensional packing crystal, which is comparable to the Eb of organo-lead trihalide perovskites. This work underlines the importance of three-dimensional molecular packing for achieving small Eb and will be helpful in reducing energy losses in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zeyi Tu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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29
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Charge-transfer excitons of metal intercalated pentacene dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of ChemistryLoughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU United Kingdom
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31
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Mewes SA, Dreuw A. Density-based descriptors and exciton analyses for visualizing and understanding the electronic structure of excited states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2843-2856. [PMID: 30687866 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and interpretation of the electronic structure of excited electronic states are prerequisites for developing a fundamental understanding of photochemistry and optical properties of molecular systems and an everyday task for a computational photochemist. Hence, wavefunction-based and density-based analysis tools have been devised over the last decades, and most recently also a family of quantitative exciton-wavefunction based descriptors has been developed. While the latter represent the main focus of this perspective, they are also discussed in the context of other existing analysis methods. Exciton analysis bridges the gap between the physically intuitive exciton picture and complex quantum-chemical wavefunctions by yielding insightful quantitative descriptors like exciton size, hole and electron size, electron-hole distance and exciton correlation. Thereby, not only a comprehensive characterization of the electronic structure is provided, but moreover, the formalism is automatizable and thus also optimally suited for benchmarking excited-state electronic structure methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sandler I, Nogueira JJ, González L. Solvent reorganization triggers photo-induced solvated electron generation in phenol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14261-14269. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06656f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer states with large electron–hole separation, correlating to the formation of solvated electrons, are found below the maximum of the absorbing ππ* band of solvated phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde Sandler
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Juan J. Nogueira
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
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33
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Zobel JP, Nogueira JJ, González L. Finite-temperature Wigner phase-space sampling and temperature effects on the excited-state dynamics of 2-nitronaphthalene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13906-13915. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of finite temperature Wigner phase-space sampling allowing the population of vibrationally excited states is introduced and employed to study temperature effects on the absorption spectrum of 2-nitronaphtalene (2NN) and its relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Juan J. Nogueira
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna
- Austria
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34
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Modesto-Costa L, Borges I. Discrete and continuum modeling of solvent effects in a twisted intramolecular charge transfer system: The 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:73-81. [PMID: 29734107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) molecule is a prototypical system displaying twisted intramolecular (TICT) charge transfer effects. The ground and the first four electronic excited states (S1-S4) in gas phase and upon solvation were studied. Charge transfer values as function of the torsion angle between the donor group (dimethylamine) and the acceptor moiety (benzonitrile) were explicitly computed. Potential energy curves were also obtained. The algebraic diagrammatic construction method at the second-order [ADC(2)] ab initio wave function was employed. Three solvents of increased polarities (benzene, DMSO and water) were investigated using discrete (average solvent electrostatic configuration - ASEC) and continuum (conductor-like screening model - COSMO) models. The results for the S3 and S4 excited states and the S1-S4 charge transfer curves were not previously available in the literature. Electronic gas phase and solvent vertical spectra are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. In the twisted (90°) geometry the optical oscillator strengths have negligible values even for the S2 bright state. Potential energy curves show two distinct pairs of curves intersecting at decreasing angles or not crossing in the more polar solvents. Charge transfer and electric dipole values allowed the rationalization of these results. The former effects are mostly independent of the solvent model and polarity. Although COSMO and ASEC solvent models mostly lead to similar results, there is an important difference: some crossings of the excitation energy curves appear only in the ASEC solvation model, which has important implications to the photochemistry of DMABN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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35
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Lischka H, Nachtigallová D, Aquino AJA, Szalay PG, Plasser F, Machado FBC, Barbatti M. Multireference Approaches for Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7293-7361. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adélia J. A. Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Péter G. Szalay
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco B. C. Machado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Zobel JP, Heindl M, Nogueira JJ, González L. Vibrational Sampling and Solvent Effects on the Electronic Structure of the Absorption Spectrum of 2-Nitronaphthalene. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3205-3217. [PMID: 29694042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of vibrational motion on electronic excited state properties is investigated for the organic chromophore 2-nitronaphtalene in methanol. Specifically, the performance of two vibrational sampling techniques - Wigner sampling and sampling from an ab initio molecular dynamics trajectory- is assessed, in combination with implicit and explicit solvent models. The effects of the different sampling/solvent combinations on the energy and electronic character of the absorption bands are analyzed in terms of charge transfer and exciton size, computed from the electronic transition density. The absorption spectra obtained using sampling techniques and its underlying properties are compared to those of the electronic excited states calculated at the Franck-Condon equilibrium geometry. It is found that the absorption bands of the vibrational ensembles are red-shifted compared to the Franck-Condon bright states, and this red-shift scales with the displacement from the equilibrium geometry. Such displacements are found larger and better described when using ensembles from the harmonic Wigner distribution than snapshots from the molecular dynamics trajectory. Particularly relevant is the torsional motion of the nitro group that quenches the charge transfer character of some of the absorption bands. This motion, however, is better described in the molecular dynamics trajectory. Thus, none of the vibrational sampling approaches can satisfactorily capture all important aspects of the nuclear motion. The inclusion of solvent also red-shifts the absorption bands with respect to the gas phase. This red-shift scales with the charge-transfer character of the bands and is found larger for the implicit than for the explicit solvent model. The advantages and drawbacks of the different sampling and solvent models are discussed to guide future research on the calculation of UV-vis spectra of nitroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 17 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Moritz Heindl
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 17 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Juan J Nogueira
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 17 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 17 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
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37
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Zobel JP, Nogueira JJ, González L. Mechanism of Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in 2-Nitronaphthalene. Chemistry 2018; 24:5379-5387. [PMID: 29377370 PMCID: PMC5947663 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitronaphthalene derivatives efficiently populate their electronically excited triplet states upon photoexcitation through ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC). Despite having been studied extensively by time-resolved spectroscopy, the reasons behind their ultrafast ISC remain unknown. Herein, we present the first ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of a nitronaphthalene derivative, 2-nitronaphthalene, including singlet and triplet states. We find that there are two distinct ISC reaction pathways involving different electronic states at distinct nuclear configurations. The high ISC efficiency is explained by the very small electronic and nuclear alterations that the chromophore needs to undergo during the singlet-triplet transition in the dominating ISC pathway after initial dynamics in the singlet manifold. The insights gained in this work are expected to shed new light on the photochemistry of other nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that exhibit ultrafast intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 171090ViennaAustria
| | - Juan J. Nogueira
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 171090ViennaAustria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 171090ViennaAustria
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38
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Mai S, Plasser F, Dorn J, Fumanal M, Daniel C, González L. Quantitative wave function analysis for excited states of transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Mewes SA, Plasser F, Krylov A, Dreuw A. Benchmarking Excited-State Calculations Using Exciton Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:710-725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for
Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstrasse 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anna Krylov
- University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Acharya A, Chaudhuri S, Batista VS. Can TDDFT Describe Excited Electronic States of Naphthol Photoacids? A Closer Look with EOM-CCSD. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:867-876. [PMID: 29298059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 1Lb and 1La excited states of naphthols are characterized by using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), configuration interaction with singles (CIS), and equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) methods. TDDFT fails dramatically at predicting the energy and ordering of the 1La and 1Lb excited states as observed experimentally, while EOM-CCSD accurately predicts the excited states as characterized by natural transition orbital analysis. The limitations of TDDFT are attributed to the absence of correlation from doubly excited configurations as well as the inconsistent description of excited electronic states of naphthol photoacids revealed by excitation analysis based on the one-electron transition density matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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41
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Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Makhov DV, Tretiak S, Shalashilin D. An ab initio multiple cloning approach for the simulation of photoinduced dynamics in conjugated molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17762-17772. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional wave function: a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories suited to clone and swap their electronic amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry V. Makhov
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
- School of Mathematics
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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42
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Stojanović L, Aziz SG, Hilal RH, Plasser F, Niehaus TA, Barbatti M. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Cycloparaphenylenes with TD-DFTB Surface Hopping. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5846-5860. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saadullah G. Aziz
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah B.O.
208203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifaat H. Hilal
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah B.O.
208203, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Niehaus
- Univ Lyon, Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France
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43
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Plasser F, Mewes SA, Dreuw A, González L. Detailed Wave Function Analysis for Multireference Methods: Implementation in the Molcas Program Package and Applications to Tetracene. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5343-5353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for
Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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44
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Wang CI, Hsu CH, Hua CC. The correspondence between the conformational and chromophoric properties of amorphous conjugated polymers in mesoscale condensed systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20818-20828. [PMID: 28744545 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03415f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For π-conjugated polymers, the notion of spectroscopic units or "chromophores" provides illuminating insights into the experimentally observed absorption/emission spectra and the mechanisms of energy/charge transfer. To date, however, no statistical analysis has revealed a direct correspondence between chromophoric and conformational properties-with the latter being fundamental to polymer semiconductors. Herein, we propose a "persistence length" calculation to re-evaluate chain conformation over a full conjugation length. The mesoscale condensed systems of MEH-PPV and MEH-PPV/C60 hybrid (system size ∼10 × 10 × 10 nm3) are utilized as two prototypical model systems, along with a full range of segmental lengths (2-20-mer) and five lowest singlet excited states to hint at the generality of the features presented. We demonstrate, for the first time, that two properly re-defined conformational factors that characterize chain folding and planarity, respectively, capture excellently the population distribution of chromophores in both systems investigated. In contrast, the conventional strategy of utilizing two adjacent monomer units to characterize (local) chain conformation results in only an inconspicuous correlation between the two, as previously reported. It is further shown that chain folding-and not chain planarity-is more relevant in capturing the associated oscillator strength for the first excited state, where the transient dipole moments are known to align with the chain conformation, although the corresponding excitation energy and exciton size seem relatively unaffected. The observed effects of C60 on the MEH-PPV adsorption spectra also agree with recent experimental trends. Overall, the present findings are expected to aid future multiscale computer simulations and spectroscopy-data interpretations for polymer semiconductors and their hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun I Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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45
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Chopra S, Plasser F. UV absorption in metal decorated boron nitride flakes: a theoretical analysis of excited states. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1324646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Mewes SA, Plasser F, Dreuw A. Universal Exciton Size in Organic Polymers is Determined by Nonlocal Orbital Exchange in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1205-1210. [PMID: 28230997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The exciton size of the lowest singlet excited state in a diverse set of organic π-conjugated polymers is studied and found to be a universal, system-independent quantity of approximately 7 Å in the single-chain picture. With time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), its value as well as the overall description of the exciton is almost exclusively governed by the amount of nonlocal orbital exchange. This is traced back to the lack of the Coulomb attraction between the electron and hole quasiparticles in pure TDDFT, which is reintroduced only with the admixture of nonlocal orbital exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währingerstrasse 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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