1
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Wang Z, Ye X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xie S, Tao Y, Zhang J, Wan X. Stereoselective Crystallization of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Aided by Cellulose Derivatives through Helical Pattern Matching. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401550. [PMID: 38925570 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Stereoselective inhibition aided by "tailor-made" polymeric additives is an efficient approach to obtain enantiopure compounds through conglomerate crystallization. The chemical and configurational match between the side groups of polymers and the molecules of undesired enantiomer is considered to be a necessary condition for successful stereoseparation. Whereas in this contribution, we present an effective resolution of chiral pharmaceuticals by using cellulose acetates as the additives, which stereoselectively reside on the specific crystal faces of one enantiomer and inhibit its crystal nucleation and growth through helical pattern and supramolecular interaction complementarity. An investigation of nimodipine serves as a case study to highlight the novelty of this strategy wherein R-crystals exhibiting an impressive enantiomeric excess value of 97 % can be attained by employing a mere 0.01 wt % cellulose acetate. Guaifenesin and phenyl lactic acid are also well-resolved by utilizing this methodology. Our work not only brings about a brand-new design strategy for "tailor-made" additives, but will also promote the further exploration of the endless potential for utilizing natural biomolecules in chiral recognition and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xichong Ye
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yifu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yingze Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Siyu Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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2
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Su X, Sun J, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang J, Tang W, Gong J. Bifunctional Chiral Agent Enables One-pot Spontaneous Deracemization of Racemic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402886. [PMID: 38526333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel one-pot deracemization method using a bifunctional chiral agent (BCA) is proposed for the first time to convert a racemate to the desired enantiomer. Specifically, chiral α, (α-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol) formed enantiospecific cocrystals with racemic dihydromyricetin, and used its own alkaline catalysis to catalyze the racemization between the (2R,3R)-enantiomer and (2S,3S)-enantiomer in solution, achieving a one-pot spontaneous deracemization. This strategy was also successfully extended to the deracemization of three other racemic compound drugs: (R,S)-carprofen, (R,S)-indoprofen, and (R,S)-indobufen. The one-pot deracemization method based on the BCA strategy provides a feasible approach to address the incompatibility between cocrystallization and racemization reactions that are commonly encountered in the cocrystallization-induced deracemization process and opens a new window to develop essential enantiomerically pure pharmaceutical products with atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- China Petroleum Planning and Engineering Institute (CPPEI), China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yaoguo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University; The Co-Innovation Centre of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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3
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Choi HS, Oh IH, Zhang B, Coquerel G, Kim WS, Park BJ. Chiral Flipping in Viedma Deracemization. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4367-4374. [PMID: 38619891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding deracemization is crucial for progress in chiral chemistry, especially for improving separation techniques. Here, we first report the phenomenon of chiral flipping (or reverse deracemization) in a chiral material (i.e., sodium chlorate crystals) during Viedma deracemization, employing a small-volume reactor system for precise analysis. We observe considerable chiral flipping, influenced by the initial imbalance in the numbers of L- and D-form particles. We developed a simple probabilistic model to further elucidate this behavior. We find that the fluctuation in the populations of chiral crystal particles resulting from their random dissolution and regeneration is the key factor behind chiral flipping. This study not only brings to light this intriguing observation of chiral flipping but also contributes to the enhancement of deracemization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - In Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Gerard Coquerel
- SMS Laboratory EA3233, University of Rouen Normandy, F-76821 Cedex Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Woo-Sik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Bum Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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4
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Ruan J, Qin YH, Cao ZM, Jiang J, Xu HS, Su CY. Dynamic Stereochemistry of M 8 Pd 6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal-Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315053. [PMID: 37883532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal-coordination lability (M8 Pd6 -MOC-16, M=Ru2+ , Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent-dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8 /Λ8 -M8 Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8 Pd6 >Ni8 Pd6 >Fe8 Pd6 >Zn8 Pd6 . The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8 Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral-Δ8 /Λ8 -Zn8 Pd6 to meso-Δ4 Λ4 -Zn8 Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+ , metastable Fe2+ /Ni2+ , and labile Zn2+ , resulting in different chiral-guest induction. Strikingly, solvent-mediated host-guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8 /Λ8 -(Ru/Ni/Fe)8 Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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5
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Sharma A. Sequential Amplification of Amino Acid Enantiomeric Excess by Conglomerate and Racemic Compound: Plausible Prebiotic Route Towards Homochirality. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2023; 53:175-185. [PMID: 37831272 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-023-09642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Some amino acids can crystallize from aqueous solution both as conglomerates and racemic compounds: under high supersaturation following rapid evaporation, dissolved amino acids draining over porous sand-bars behave like conglomerates whereas in the resulting deeper pool of water, amino acid solution switches to the more common racemic-compound system. We show how the two forms might have sequentially combined under prebiotic conditions to form the basis of homochirality. The paper is a quantitative analysis of enantiomeric excess (EE) this dual behavior of amino acids is capable of producing in tandem: Initial amplification by preferential crystallization (PC) in conglomerate system (CS) followed by further amplification in the racemic compound system (RCS). Using aspartic acid as a model system, ternary phase diagram shows that a minimum supersaturation of 1.65 is required in the CS for the solution-EE to reach its maximum value of 50% at the RCS eutectic point. A relationship is derived for the dependence of this threshold supersaturation on the eutectic solubilities of CS and RCS. For given supersaturation in CS, a relation is also derived for minimum solution-EE that must be produced by PC before CS switches to RCS. Required PC-induced threshold solution-EE of 0.194, 0.070, 0.033 is calculated for supersaturation of 2, 5, 10 respectively in aspartic acid. Switching from CS to RCS further amplifies solution-EE, resulting in an overall growth of aspartic acid solution EE from near-zero in CS to around 50% in RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Physics, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL, 35762, USA.
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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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7
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Arango-Restrepo A, Barragán D, Rubi JM. Variations in activation energy and nuclei size during nucleation explain chiral symmetry breaking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29032-29041. [PMID: 37860883 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We show that variations in enantiomer nuclei size and activation energy during the nucleation stage of crystallization are responsible for the chiral symmetry breaking resulting in excess of one of the possible enantiomers with respect to the other. By understanding the crystallisation process as a non-equilibrium self-assembly process, we quantify the enantiomeric excess through the probability distribution of the nuclei size and activation energy variations which are obtained from the free energy involved in the nucleation stage of crystallisation. We validate our theory by comparing it to Kondepudi et al. previous experimental work on sodium chlorate crystallisation. The results demonstrate that the self-assembly of enantiomeric crystals provides an explanation for chiral symmetry breaking. These findings could have practical applications for improving the production of enantiopure drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for enhancing our understanding of the origins of life since enantiomeric amino acids and monosaccharides are the building blocks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arango-Restrepo
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Barragán
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 65 No 59A-110, Bloque 16, Núcleo El Volador, 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - J M Rubi
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Nogal N, Sanz-Sánchez M, Vela-Gallego S, Ruiz-Mirazo K, de la Escosura A. The protometabolic nature of prebiotic chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7359-7388. [PMID: 37855729 PMCID: PMC10614573 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of prebiotic chemistry has been dedicated over decades to finding abiotic routes towards the molecular components of life. There is nowadays a handful of prebiotically plausible scenarios that enable the laboratory synthesis of most amino acids, fatty acids, simple sugars, nucleotides and core metabolites of extant living organisms. The major bottleneck then seems to be the self-organization of those building blocks into systems that can self-sustain. The purpose of this tutorial review is having a close look, guided by experimental research, into the main synthetic pathways of prebiotic chemistry, suggesting how they could be wired through common intermediates and catalytic cycles, as well as how recursively changing conditions could help them engage in self-organized and dissipative networks/assemblies (i.e., systems that consume chemical or physical energy from their environment to maintain their internal organization in a dynamic steady state out of equilibrium). In the article we also pay attention to the implications of this view for the emergence of homochirality. The revealed connectivity between those prebiotic routes should constitute the basis for a robust research program towards the bottom-up implementation of protometabolic systems, taken as a central part of the origins-of-life problem. In addition, this approach should foster further exploration of control mechanisms to tame the combinatorial explosion that typically occurs in mixtures of various reactive precursors, thus regulating the functional integration of their respective chemistries into self-sustaining protocellular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Nogal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcos Sanz-Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Vela-Gallego
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Philosophy, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Noble-Terán ME, Cruz JM, Cruz-Rosas HI, Buhse T, Micheau JC. A Complex Reaction Network Model for Spontaneous Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Viedma Deracemizations. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300318. [PMID: 37428998 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Attrition-enhanced chiral symmetry breaking in crystals, known as Viedma deracemization, is a promising method for converting racemic solid phases into enantiomerically pure ones under non-equilibrium conditions. However, many aspects of this process remain unclear. In this study, we present a new investigation into Viedma deracemization using a comprehensive kinetic rate equation continuous model based on classical primary nucleation theory, crystal growth, and Ostwald ripening. Our approach employs a fully microreversible kinetic scheme with a size-dependent solubility following the Gibbs-Thomson rule. To validate our model, we use data from a real NaClO3 deracemization experiment. After parametrization, the model shows spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) under grinding. Additionally, we identify a bifurcation scenario with a lower and upper limit of the grinding intensity that leads to deracemization, including a minimum deracemization time within this window. Furthermore, this model uncovers that SMSB is caused by multiple instances of concealed high-order autocatalysis. Our findings provide new insights into attrition-enhanced deracemization and its potential applications in chiral molecule synthesis and understanding biological homochirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Hugo I Cruz-Rosas
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
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10
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García de la Concepción J, Flores-Jiménez M, Cuccia LA, Light ME, Viedma C, Cintas P. Revisiting Homochiral versus Heterochiral Interactions through a Long Detective Story of a Useful Azobis-Nitrile and Puzzling Racemate. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:5719-5733. [PMID: 37547876 PMCID: PMC10402293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper documents and reinvestigates the solid-state and crystal structures of 4,4'-azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid (ACPA), a water-soluble azobis-nitrile of immense utility as a radical initiator in living polymerizations and a labile mechanophore that can be embedded within long polymer chains to undergo selective scission under mechanical activation. Surprisingly, for such applications, both the commercially available reagent and their derivatives are used as "single initiators" when this azonitrile is actually a mixture of stereoisomers. Although the racemate and meso compounds were identified more than half a century ago and their enantiomers were separated by classical resolution, there have been confusing narratives dealing with their characterization, the existence of a conglomeratic phase, and fractional crystallization. Our results report on the X-ray crystal structures of all stereoisomers for the first time, along with further details on enantiodiscrimination and the always intriguing arguments accounting for the stability of homochiral versus heterochiral crystal aggregates. To this end, metadynamic (MTD) simulations on stereoisomer molecular aggregates were performed to capture the incipient nucleation events at the picosecond time scale. This analysis sheds light on the driving homochiral aggregation of ACPA enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García de la Concepción
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mirian Flores-Jiménez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Louis A. Cuccia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia
University, 7141 Sherbrooke
Street West, H4B 1R6 Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark E. Light
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Cristóbal Viedma
- Department
of Crystallography and Mineralogy, University
Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and IACYS-Green
Chemistry and Sustainable Development Unit, University of Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain
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11
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Wada K, Yasuzawa K, Fa S, Nagata Y, Kato K, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Diastereoselective Rotaxane Synthesis with Pillar[5]arenes via Co-crystallization and Solid-State Mechanochemical Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37411034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral rotaxanes have attracted much attention in recent decades for their unique chirality based on their interlocked structures. Thus, selective synthesis methods of chiral rotaxanes have been developed. The introduction of substituents with chiral centers to produce diastereomers is a powerful strategy for the construction of chiral rotaxanes. However, in case of a small energy difference between the diastereomers, diastereoselective synthesis is extremely difficult. Herein, we report a new diastereoselective rotaxane synthesis method using solid-phase diastereoselective [3]pseudorotaxane formation and mechanochemical solid-phase end-capping reactions of the [3]pseudorotaxanes. By co-crystallization of stereodynamic planar chiral pillar[5]arene with stereogenic carbons at both rims and axles with suitable end groups and lengths, the [3]pseudorotaxane with a high diastereomeric excess (ca. 92% de) was generated in the solid state because of higher effective molarity with aid by packing effects and significant energy differences between [3]pseudorotaxane diastereomers. In contrast, the de of the pillar[5]arene was low in solution (ca. 10% de) because of a small energy difference between diastereomers. Subsequent end-capping reactions of the polycrystalline [3]pseudorotaxane with high de in solvent-free conditions successfully yielded rotaxanes while maintaining the high de generated by the co-crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Wada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kiichi Yasuzawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- WPI Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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12
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Katsuno H, Uwaha M. Conversion of stable crystals to metastable crystals in a solution by periodic change of temperature. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044114. [PMID: 37198819 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a Becker-Döring-type model including cluster incorporation, we study the possibility of conversion of stable crystals to metastable crystals in a solution by a periodic change of temperature. At low temperature, both stable and metastable crystals are assumed to grow by coalescence with monomers and corresponding small clusters. At high temperature, a large amount of small clusters produced by the dissolution of crystals inhibits the dissolution of crystals, and the imbalance in the amount of crystals increases. By repeating this process, the periodic temperature change can convert stable crystals into metastable crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Katsuno
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Makio Uwaha
- Science Division, Center for General Education, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, Aichi 470-0392, Japan
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13
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Crystal Engineering of Conglomerates: Dilution of Racemate-Forming Fe(II) and Ni(II) Congeners into Conglomerate-Forming [Zn(bpy)3](PF6)2. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conglomerate formation, where enantiomers within a racemic mixture self-segregate upon crystallization, is an advantageous property for obtaining chirally pure crystals and allows large-scale chiral resolution. However, the prevalence of conglomerates is low and difficult to predict. In this report, we describe our attempts to engineer conglomerates from racemate-forming compounds by integrating them into a conglomerate-forming matrix. In this regard, we found that Ni(II) and Fe(II) form molecular alloys with Zn(II) in [MxZn(1−x)(bpy)3](PF6)2 (where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl). Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) evidenced conglomerate crystallization with Ni(II) concentrations up to about 25%, while it was observed only for much lower concentrations of Fe(II). This can be attributed to the ability of [Ni(bpy)3](PF6)2 to access a metastable conglomerate phase, while no such phase has been detected in [Fe(bpy)3](PF6)2. Furthermore, the chiral phase appears to be favored in fast-growing precipitates, while the racemic phase is favored in slow re-crystallizations for both Ni(II) and Fe(II) molecular alloys. X-ray natural circular dichroism (XNCD) measurements on [Ni0.13Zn0.87(bpy)3](PF6)2 demonstrate the chirality of the nickel molecules within the zinc molecular matrix.
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14
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Sang Y, Zhu Q, Zhou X, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Liu M. Ultrasound-Directed Symmetry Breaking and Spin Filtering of Supramolecular Assemblies from only Achiral Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215867. [PMID: 36522559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the self-assembly of an achiral molecule into macroscopic helicity as well as the emergent chiral-selective spin-filtering effect. It was found that a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) motif with an aminopyridine group in each arm could coordinate with AgI and self-assemble into nanospheres. Upon sonication, symmetry breaking occurred and the nanospheres transferred into helical nanofibers with strong CD signals. Although the sign of the CD signals appeared randomly, it could be controlled by using the as-made chiral assemblies as a seed. Furthermore, it was found that the charge transport of the helical nanofibers was highly selective with a spin-polarization transport of up to 45 %, although the chiral nanofibers are composed exclusively from achiral building blocks. This work demonstrates symmetry breaking under sonication and the chiral-selective spin-filtering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Department, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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15
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Lee HL, Hung YL, Amin A, Pratama DE, Lee T. Green and Strategic Approach for Chiral Resolution by Diastereomeric Salt Formation: The Study of Racemic Ibuprofen. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Lin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ying Lun Hung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Amin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Dhanang Edy Pratama
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
| | - Tu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
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16
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Charpentier MD, Venkatramanan R, Rougeot C, Leyssens T, Johnston K, ter Horst JH. Multicomponent Chiral Quantification with Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Ternary and Quaternary Phase Diagrams of Levetiracetam. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:616-629. [PMID: 36468979 PMCID: PMC9811458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral molecules are challenging for the pharmaceutical industry because although physical properties of the enantiomers are the same in achiral systems, they exhibit different effects in chiral systems, such as the human body. The separation of enantiomers is desired but complex, as enantiomers crystallize most often as racemic compounds. A technique to enable the chiral separation of racemic compounds is to create an asymmetry in the thermodynamic system by generating chiral cocrystal(s) using a chiral coformer and using the solubility differences to enable separation through crystallization from solution. However, such quaternary systems are complex and require analytical methods to quantify different chiral molecules in solution. Here, we develop a new chiral quantification method using ultraviolet-circular dichroism spectroscopy and multivariate partial least squares calibration models, to build multicomponent chiral phase diagrams. Working on the quaternary system of (R)- and (S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide enantiomers with (S)-mandelic acid in acetonitrile, we measure accurately the full quaternary phase diagram for the first time. By understanding the phase stabilities of the racemic compound and the enantiospecific cocrystal, the chiral resolution of levetiracetam could be designed due to a large asymmetry in overall solubility between both sides of the racemic composition. This new method offers improvements for chiral molecule quantification in complex multicomponent chiral systems and can be applied to other chiral spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime D. Charpentier
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.,
| | - Raghunath Venkatramanan
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Céline Rougeot
- UCB
Pharma SA, chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-L’Alleud, Brussels1070, Belgium
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UCLouvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, Brussels1070, Belgium
| | - Karen Johnston
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, GlasgowG1 1XJ, U.K.
| | - Joop H. ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.,Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives (SMS), Univ Rouen Normandie, UR 3233, F-76000Rouen, France
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17
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Charpentier MD, Devogelaer JJ, Tijink A, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, de Gelder R, Johnston K, ter Horst JH. Comparing and Quantifying the Efficiency of Cocrystal Screening Methods for Praziquantel. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:5511-5525. [PMID: 36097547 PMCID: PMC9460446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are highly interesting due to their effect on physicochemical properties and their role in separation technologies, particularly for chiral molecules. Detection of new cocrystals is a challenge, and robust screening methods are required. As numerous techniques exist that differ in their crystallization mechanisms, their efficiencies depend on the coformers investigated. The most important parameters characterizing the methods are the (a) screenable coformer fraction, (b) coformer success rate, (c) ability to give several cocrystals per successful coformer, (d) identification of new stable phases, and (e) experimental convenience. Based on these parameters, we compare and quantify the performance of three methods: liquid-assisted grinding, solvent evaporation, and saturation temperature measurements of mixtures. These methods were used to screen 30 molecules, predicted by a network-based link prediction algorithm (described in Cryst. Growth Des. 2021, 21(6), 3428-3437) as potential coformers for the target molecule praziquantel. The solvent evaporation method presented more drawbacks than advantages, liquid-assisted grinding emerged as the most successful and the quickest, while saturation temperature measurements provided equally good results in a slower route yielding additional solubility information relevant for future screenings, single-crystal growth, and cocrystal production processes. Seventeen cocrystals were found, with 14 showing stability and 12 structures resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime D. Charpentier
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K..
| | - Jan-Joris Devogelaer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Tijink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René de Gelder
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Johnston
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, U.K.
| | - Joop H. ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K..
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, Université de Rouen Normandie, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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18
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Lin X, Kou B, Cao J, Weng P, Yan X, Li Z, Jiang Y. Spontaneous Resolution of Helical Building Blocks through the Formation of Homochiral Helices in Two Dimensions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205914. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bohan Kou
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinlian Cao
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Peimin Weng
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yun‐Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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19
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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20
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Putman JI, Armstrong DW. Recent advances in the field of chiral crystallization. Chirality 2022; 34:1338-1354. [PMID: 35904758 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization is one of the largest and most economical bulk purification techniques used in industry today. There has been an increase in demand for enantiomerically pure compound production for research, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical drug production, and other applications. Even after asymmetric synthesis, chiral purification will always be necessary. The focus of this review is on recent advances in chiral crystallization for the purification of enantiomers. A comprehensive discussion of three techniques and their mechanisms is provided, namely: attrition-enhanced deracemization, cocrystallization, and inorganic ionic cocrystallization. Several examples of attrition-enhanced deracemization are discussed. The key advantage of this technique is that it eliminates enantiomeric waste and can be used to produce enantiomeric excesses of greater than 99% from racemic mixtures. Chiral cocrystallization is examined, with over 60 cocrystallizing compounds, as an excellent means for enantiomeric enrichment. Selective chiral inclusion complexation was shown to be a novel approach for the formation of cocrystals. Chiral inorganic ionic cocrystallization is a new technique involving the formation of cocrystals between chiral ligands and certain metal salts in order to produce conglomerate crystal behavior in otherwise racemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Putman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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21
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Bhandari S, Carneiro T, Lorenz H, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Shortcut Model for Batch Preferential Crystallization Coupled with Racemization for Conglomerate-Forming Chiral Systems. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4094-4104. [PMID: 35818384 PMCID: PMC9264349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Kinetically controlled preferential crystallization (PC) is a well-established elegant concept to separate mixtures of enantiomers of conglomerate-forming systems. Based on a smaller number of laboratory investigations, the key parameters of an available shortcut model (SCM) can be estimated, allowing for a rapid and reliable process design. This paper addresses a severe limitation of the method, namely, the limitation of the yield to 50%. In order to exploit the valuable counter enantiomer, the crystallization process is studied, coupled with a racemization reaction and a recycling step. It will be shown that the process integration can be performed in various ways. To quantify the different options in a unified manner and to provide a more general design concept, the SCM of PC is extended to include a kinetic model for the enzymatically catalyzed reaction. For illustration, model parameters are used, which characterize the resolution of the enantiomers of asparagine monohydrate and the racemization rate using an amino acid racemase. The theoretical study highlights the importance of exploiting the best stop time for batch operations in order to achieve the highest process productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Bhandari
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thiane Carneiro
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heike Lorenz
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
- Max
Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto
von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Nulek T, Klaysri R, Cedeno R, Nalaoh P, Bureekaew S, Promarak V, Flood AE. Separation of Etiracetam Enantiomers Using Enantiospecific Cocrystallization with 2-Chloromandelic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19465-19473. [PMID: 35721919 PMCID: PMC9202017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry since the two enantiomers of a drug molecule usually display significantly different bioactivities, and hence, most products are produced as pure enantiomers. However, many drug precursors are synthesized as racemates, and hence, enantioseparation has become a significant process in the industry. Cocrystallization is one of the attractive crystallization approaches to obtain the desired enantiomer from racemic compounds. In this work, we propose a chiral resolution route for an antiepileptic drug, S-etiracetam (S-ETI), via enantiospecific cocrystallization with S-2-chloro-S-mandelic acid (CLMA) as a coformer. The experiments indicate that the system is highly enantiospecific; S-2CLMA cocrystallizes only with S-ETI but not with R-ETI or RS-ETI. Therefore, the chiral purification of S-ETI can be achieved efficiently with a 69.1% yield and close to 100% enantiopurity from the racemic solution. Additionally, structural simulations of the S-ETI:S-2CLMA cocrystal reveal that the cocrystal structure has higher thermodynamic stability than that of R-ETI:S-2CLMA by about 5.5 kcal/mol (per cocrystal formula unit), which helps to confirm the favorability of the enantiospecification in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitapond Nulek
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Rachan Klaysri
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Ruel Cedeno
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Phattananawee Nalaoh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Sareeya Bureekaew
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Adrian E. Flood
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
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23
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Lin X, Kou B, Cao J, Weng P, Yan X, Li Z, Jiang YB. Spontaneous Resolution of Helical Building Block through the Formation of Homochiral Helices in Two Dimensions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Bohan Kou
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Jinlian Cao
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Peimin Weng
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 422 Siming South Street 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Zhao Li
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Xiamen University Department of Chemistry 422 South Siming Road 361005 Xiamen CHINA
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24
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Gonçalves L, Cravo S, Fernandes C, Tiritan ME. Development and evaluation of Pirkle-type chiral stationary phase for flash chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463156. [PMID: 35623191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography is the most applied methodology for enantioseparation in preparative and semi-preparative scale; however, flash chromatography is seldom the first choice. This work proposes a new sustainable method to achieve pure enantiomers in mg scale. Herein, the functionalization of silica for flash chromatography columns with a suitable chiral selector, for subsequent quantitative enantioseparation of chiral compounds, is described. Accordingly, the Whelk-O®1 chiral selector was bonded to flash silica and packed into a reused solid phase extraction cartridge. For the evaluation of the enantioselective performance of the flash column, the enantiomers of a chiral derivative of xanthone were quantitatively enantioseparated with an average recovery of 70% and an enantiomer ratio (e.r.) of 99% and 97% for each enantiomer. Evaluation with the anti-inflammatory drug naproxen was also performed, resulting in an average recovery of 95% and 89% and 95% e.r. for each enantiomer. The flash column showed high stability and load ability, versatility, and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layane Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cravo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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25
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Sanada K, Washio A, Ishikawa H, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Sakamoto M. Chiral Symmetry Breaking of Monoacylated Anhydroerythritols and meso-1,2-Diols through Crystallization-Induced Deracemization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201268. [PMID: 35229431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a chiral symmetry breaking method for monoacylated meso diols. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of monoacylated 1,4-anhydroerythritols, meso cyclic diols with a cis configuration, revealed that the O-(p-anisoyl) derivative crystallized as a racemic conglomerate of the P21 21 21 crystal system. It was confirmed that the substrate racemized by intramolecular transfer of the acyl group in the presence of a catalytic amount of base. Evaporating the solvent gradually from the solution or Viedma ripening to promote crystallization-induced deracemization efficiently led to enantiomer crystals. These results provide the first successful example of asymmetric expression and amplification by deracemization of sugar derivatives without an external chemical chiral source. Furthermore, we applied this methodology to acyclic meso-1,2-diols. Three O-monoacylated substrates were successfully deracemized to 99 % ee by Viedma ripening. We also developed asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-1,2-diols by combining acylation and crystallization-induced deracemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Sanada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Aoi Washio
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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26
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Schaeffer G, Eleveld MJ, Ottelé J, Kroon PC, Frederix PWJM, Yang S, Otto S. Stochastic Emergence of Two Distinct Self-Replicators from a Dynamic Combinatorial Library. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6291-6297. [PMID: 35357150 PMCID: PMC9011346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling how chemistry can give rise to biology is one of the greatest challenges of contemporary science. Achieving life-like properties in chemical systems is therefore a popular topic of research. Synthetic chemical systems are usually deterministic: the outcome is determined by the experimental conditions. In contrast, many phenomena that occur in nature are not deterministic but caused by random fluctuations (stochastic). Here, we report on how, from a mixture of two synthetic molecules, two different self-replicators emerge in a stochastic fashion. Under the same experimental conditions, the two self-replicators are formed in various ratios over several repeats of the experiment. We show that this variation is caused by a stochastic nucleation process and that this stochasticity is more pronounced close to a phase boundary. While stochastic nucleation processes are common in crystal growth and chiral symmetry breaking, it is unprecedented for systems of synthetic self-replicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Schaeffer
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J. Eleveld
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Ottelé
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. Kroon
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Pim W. J. M. Frederix
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Shuo Yang
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Cao Y, Alaasar M, Zhang L, Zhu C, Tschierske C, Liu F. Supramolecular meso-Trick: Ambidextrous Mirror Symmetry Breaking in a Liquid Crystalline Network with Tetragonal Symmetry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6936-6945. [PMID: 35394276 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bicontinuous and multicontinuous network phases are among nature's most complex structures in soft matter systems. Here, a chiral bicontinuous tetragonal phase is reported as a new stable liquid crystalline intermediate phase at the transition between two cubic phases, the achiral double gyroid and the chiral triple network cubic phase with an I23 space group, both formed by dynamic networks of helices. The mirror symmetry of the double gyroid, representing a meso-structure of two enantiomorphic networks, is broken at the transition to this tetragonal phase by retaining uniform helicity only along one network while losing it along the other one. This leads to a conglomerate of enantiomorphic tetragonal space groups, P41212 and P43212. Phase structures and chirality were analyzed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS) at the carbon K-edge, and model-dependent SAXS/RSoXS simulation. Our findings not only lead to a new bicontinuous network-type three-dimensional mesophase but also reveal a mechanism of mirror symmetry breaking in soft matter by partial meso-structure racemization at the transition from enantiophilic to enantiophobic interhelical self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mohamed Alaasar
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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28
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Sallembien Q, Bouteiller L, Crassous J, Raynal M. Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3436-3476. [PMID: 35377372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single chirality of biological molecules in terrestrial biology raises more questions than certitudes about its origin. The emergence of biological homochirality (BH) and its connection with the appearance of life have elicited a large number of theories related to the generation, amplification and preservation of a chiral bias in molecules of life under prebiotically relevant conditions. However, a global scenario is still lacking. Here, the possibility of inducing a significant chiral bias "from scratch", i.e. in the absence of pre-existing enantiomerically-enriched chemical species, will be considered first. It includes phenomena that are inherent to the nature of matter itself, such as the infinitesimal energy difference between enantiomers as a result of violation of parity in certain fundamental interactions, and physicochemical processes related to interactions between chiral organic molecules and physical fields, polarized particles, polarized spins and chiral surfaces. The spontaneous emergence of chirality in the absence of detectable chiral physical and chemical sources has recently undergone significant advances thanks to the deracemization of conglomerates through Viedma ripening and asymmetric auto-catalysis with the Soai reaction. All these phenomena are commonly discussed as plausible sources of asymmetry under prebiotic conditions and are potentially accountable for the primeval chiral bias in molecules of life. Then, several scenarios will be discussed that are aimed to reflect the different debates about the emergence of BH: extra-terrestrial or terrestrial origin (where?), nature of the mechanisms leading to the propagation and enhancement of the primeval chiral bias (how?) and temporal sequence between chemical homochirality, BH and life emergence (when?). Intense and ongoing theories regarding the emergence of optically pure molecules at different moments of the evolution process towards life, i.e. at the levels of building blocks of Life, of the instructed or functional polymers, or even later at the stage of more elaborated chemical systems, will be critically discussed. The underlying principles and the experimental evidence will be commented for each scenario with particular attention on those leading to the induction and enhancement of enantiomeric excesses in proteinogenic amino acids, natural sugars, and their intermediates or derivatives. The aim of this review is to propose an updated and timely synopsis in order to stimulate new efforts in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sallembien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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29
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Abstract
In the past two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) assembled from metal ions or clusters and organic linkers via metal-ligand coordination bonds have captivated significant scientific interest on account of their high crystallinity, exceptional porosity, and tunable pore size, high modularity, and diverse functionality. The opportunity to achieve functional porous materials by design with promising properties, unattainable for solid-state materials in general, distinguishes MOFs from other classes of materials, in particular, traditional porous materials such as activated carbon, silica, and zeolites, thereby leading to complementary properties. Scientists have conducted intense research in the production of chiral MOF (CMOF) materials for specific applications including but not limited to chiral recognition, separation, and catalysis since the discovery of the first functional CMOF (i.e., d- or l-POST-1). At present, CMOFs have become interdisciplinary between chirality chemistry, coordination chemistry, and material chemistry, which involve in many subjects including chemistry, physics, optics, medicine, pharmacology, biology, crystal engineering, environmental science, etc. In this review, we will systematically summarize the recent progress of CMOFs regarding design strategies, synthetic approaches, and cutting-edge applications. In particular, we will highlight the successful implementation of CMOFs in asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective separation, enantioselective recognition, and sensing. We envision that this review will provide readers a good understanding of CMOF chemistry and, more importantly, facilitate research endeavors for the rational design of multifunctional CMOFs and their industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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30
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Sanada K, Washio A, Ishikawa H, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Sakamoto M. Chiral Symmetry Breaking of Monoacylated Anhydroerythritols and
meso
‐1,2‐Diols through Crystallization‐Induced Deracemization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Sanada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Aoi Washio
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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31
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Belletti G, Schuurman J, Stinesen H, Meekes H, Rutjes FPJT, Vlieg E. Combining Viedma Ripening and Temperature Cycling Deracemization. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:1874-1881. [PMID: 35264911 PMCID: PMC8895382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
While much data are available for the Viedma ripening and temperature cycling deracemization processes, not much is known about the advantages (or disadvantages) of a combination of the two. We here try to elucidate what happens when Viedma ripening is used in combination with temperature cycling by comparing not only the deracemization times but also the change in the sizes of the crystals. We found that, in the case of NMPA (rac-(2-methylbenzylidene)-phenylglycine amide) as a model compound, combined experiments significantly increase the deracemization time. By tuning the process parameters, it is possible to approach experimental conditions where both Viedma ripening and temperature cycling control the deracemization. Under those conditions, however, the deracemization time is not significantly improved. Following our results, it seems unlikely that a combination of Viedma ripening and temperature cycling would shorten the deracemization time. Nevertheless, these experiments might provide clues for unraveling the mechanism of temperature cycling.
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32
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Rehman GU, Vetter T, Martin PA. Design, Development, and Analysis of an Automated Sampling Loop for Online Monitoring of Chiral Crystallization. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:1063-1077. [PMID: 35573034 PMCID: PMC9098190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantiomeric
purity is of prime importance for several industries,
specifically in the production of pharmaceuticals. Crystallization
processes can be used to obtain pure enantiomers in a suitable solid
form. However, some process variants inherently rely on kinetic enhancement
(preferential crystallization) of the desired enantiomer or on complex
interactions of several phenomena (e.g., attrition-enhanced deracemization
and Viedma ripening). Thus, a process analytical technology able to
measure the enantiomeric composition of both the solid phase and the
liquid phase would be valuable to track and eventually control such
processes. This study presents the design and development of a novel
automated analytical monitoring system that achieves this. The designed
setup tracks the enantiomeric excess (ee) using a
continuous closed-loop sampling loop that is coupled to a polarimeter
and an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
spectrometer. By heating the loop and alternately sampling either
the liquid or the suspension, the combination of these measurements
allows tracking of the ee of both the liquid and
the solid. This work demonstrates a proof of concept of both the experimental
and theoretical aspects of the new system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghufran ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K
| | - Thomas Vetter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K
| | - Philip A. Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K
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33
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Lerdwiriyanupap T, Belletti G, Tinnemans P, Cedeno R, Meekes H, Vlieg E, Flood AE. Influence of Ostwald's Rule of Stages in the Deracemization of a Compound Using a Racemic Resolving Agent. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:1459-1466. [PMID: 35140550 PMCID: PMC8815034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stereoisomeric system of rac-2-phenylglycinamide (PGA) and rac-N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT) is significant in the application of chiral resolution because it has been shown that this system can be used for enantioseparation of PGA and/or NAT using a novel deracemization route of the conglomerate salt formed. However, it was also found that the conglomerate salt eventually converted into different crystal forms that limited the time available for the separation. Herein, we try to understand the phase conversion occurring in this system using DSC, PXRD, and SC-XRD. The related structures of the salt (two polymorphs of the more stable homochiral (dd- and ll-) salts and one polymorph of the less stable heterochiral (dl- and ld-) monohydrate salts) are demonstrated and discussed relating to their relative stabilities. The successful deracemization was demonstrated using the heterochiral (dl- or ld-) monohydrate salts. However, following Ostwald's rule of stages, only limited time is available for the deracemization before the metastable compound converts into the more stable homochiral (dd- and ll-) pair. Moreover, the occurrence of the (dd- and ll-) phase always coincides with the formation of yet another phase of the racemic compound containing four components in a crystal. Ostwald's rule of stages here thus involves three steps and phases and is highly significant during the deracemization of the homochiral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharit Lerdwiriyanupap
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Belletti
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruel Cedeno
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian E. Flood
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science
and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute
of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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34
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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35
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Gillet J, Rongy L, De Decker Y. Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in reaction–diffusion systems: ambivalent role of the achiral precursor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26144-26155. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reaction–diffusion simulations reveal that the achiral substrate concentration may play an ambivalent role in spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gillet
- Nonlinear Physical, Chemistry Unit, CP-231, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurence Rongy
- Nonlinear Physical, Chemistry Unit, CP-231, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Decker
- Nonlinear Physical, Chemistry Unit, CP-231, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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36
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Nakamura T, Ishikawa H, Ban K, Yoshida Y, Mino T, Kasashima Y, Sakamoto M. Attrition-Enhanced Asymmetric Transformation of Axially Chiral Nicotinamides by Dynamic Chiral Salt Formation. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100504. [PMID: 35023638 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atroposelective resolution for axially chiral nicotinamides was achieved by dynamic chiral salt formation with L-DBTA using six types of nicotinamides that could not be optically resolved by the preferential crystallization method. Kinetic studies of their racemization indicated that the chiral conformation was retained for a significant period of time. Two methods of crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation were examined by dynamic diastereomeric salt formation: solvent evaporation from a supersaturated solution, and attrition-enhanced asymmetric transformation. The attrition method was more effective for asymmetric amplification of diastereomeric salts of axially chiral materials. Attrition of equimolar amount of the nicotinamide salts with L-DBTA converged to one diastereomer salts, and the corresponding enantiomers in 87-99 % ee were obtained after the chiral acid was removed. Changing the ratio of two of the nicotinamides with L-DBTA to 1 : 2 inverted the axial chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ban
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kasashima
- Education Center, Faculty of Creative Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0023, Japan
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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37
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Yarkaeva YA, Islamuratova EN, Zagitova LR, Gus’kov VY, Zil’berg RA, Maistrenko VN. A Sensor for the Recognition and Determination of Tryptophan Enantiomers Based on Carbon-Paste Electrode Modified by Enantiomorphic Crystals of Bromotriphenylmethane. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Valentín-Pérez Á, Rosa P, Hillard EA, Giorgi M. Chirality determination in crystals. Chirality 2021; 34:163-181. [PMID: 34766388 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review article discusses chirality determination in the solid state, both in single crystals and in crystal assemblies, with an emphasis on X-ray diffraction. The main principles of using X-ray diffraction to reliably determine absolute structure are summarized, and the complexity which can be encountered in chiral structures-kryptoracemates, scalemates, and inversion twinning-is illustrated with examples from our laboratories and the literature. We then address the problem of the bulk crystallization and discuss different techniques to determine chirality in a large assembly of crystal structures, with a special prominence given to an X-ray natural circular dichroism mapping technique that we recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Rosa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, Cedex, France.,CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Marseille, France
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University ul. Pirogova, 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Lavrentieva ave., 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Killalea
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry The University of Nottingham Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
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41
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Ye X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wan X. Noncovalently Functionalized Commodity Polymers as Tailor‐Made Additives for Stereoselective Crystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xichong Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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42
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Sharafutdinova YF, Ganieva AS, Gus’kov VY. Separation of 2-Pentanol Racemate on a Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Homochiral NiSO4·6H2O Crystals Obtained under Viedma Ripening. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821090100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Wang H, Yang W, Baldridge KK, Zhan CH, Thikekar TU, Sue ACH. Spontaneous and induced chiral symmetry breaking of stereolabile pillar[5]arene derivatives upon crystallisation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10985-10989. [PMID: 34522295 PMCID: PMC8386666 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereolabile pillar[5]arene (P[5]) derivatives, which are dynamic racemic mixtures in solution on account of their low inversion barriers, were employed as platforms to study chiral symmetry breaking during crystallisation. In the solid state, we showed that crystal enantiomeric excess of a conglomerate-forming P[5] derivative can be obtained by handpicking and Viedma ripening without the intervention of external chiral entities. On the other hand, in the presence of ethyl d/l-lactate as both optically-active solvents and chiral guests, the handedness of P[5] derivative crystals, either forming racemic compounds or conglomerates upon condensation, can be directed and subsequently inverted in a highly controllable manner. Stereolabile pillar[5]arene derivatives, which are dynamic racemic mixtures in solution on account of their low inversion barriers, were employed as platforms to study chiral symmetry breaking during crystallisation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kim K Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Cai-Hong Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua Zhejiang Province 321004 P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300072 P. R. China .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University 422 Siming S Rd, Siming District Xiamen Fujian Province 361005 P. R. China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University 422 Siming S Rd, Siming District Xiamen Fujian Province 361005 P. R. China
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44
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Zhao Z, Wang C, Chen Q, Wang Y, Xiao R, Tan C, Liu G. Phase Separation‐Promoted Redox Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols over a Supported Dual Catalysts System. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Chen
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Tan
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
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45
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Ye X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wan X. Noncovalently Functionalized Commodity Polymers as Tailor-Made Additives for Stereoselective Crystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20243-20248. [PMID: 34268848 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective inhibition of the nucleation and crystal growth of one enantiomer aided by "tailor-made" polymeric additives is an efficient method to obtain enantiopure compounds. However, the conventional preparation of polymeric additives from chiral monomers are laborious and limited in structures, which impedes their rapid optimization and applicability. Herein, we report a "plug-and-play" strategy to facilitate synthesis by using commercially available achiral polymers as the platform to attach various chiral small molecules as the recognition side-chains through non-covalent interactions. A library of supramolecular polymers made up of two vinyl polymers and six small molecules were applied with seeds in the selective crystallization of seven racemates in different solvents. They showed good to excellent stereoselectivity in yielding crystals with high enantiomeric purities in conglomerates and racemic compound forming systems. This convenient, low-cost modular synthesis strategy of polymeric additives will allow for high-efficient, economical resolution of various racemates on different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichong Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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46
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Capdevila-Echeverria J, Wang J, Lakerveld R, ter Horst JH. Process modeling and optimization of continuous chiral resolution by integration of membrane and crystallization technologies. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Antenucci A, Dughera S, Renzi P. Green Chemistry Meets Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A Critical Overview on Catalysts Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2785-2853. [PMID: 33984187 PMCID: PMC8362219 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Can green chemistry be the right reading key to let organocatalyst design take a step forward towards sustainable catalysis? What if the intriguing chemistry promoted by more engineered organocatalysts was carried on by using renewable and naturally occurring molecular scaffolds, or at least synthetic catalysts more respectful towards the principles of green chemistry? Within the frame of these questions, this Review will tackle the most commonly occurring organic chiral catalysts from the perspective of their synthesis rather than their employment in chemical methodologies or processes. A classification of the catalyst scaffolds based on their E factor will be provided, and the global E factor (EG factor) will be proposed as a new green chemistry metric to consider, also, the synthetic route to the catalyst within a given organocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Antenucci
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
- NIS Interdeprtmental CentreINSTM Reference CentreUniversity of TurinVia Gioacchino Quarello 15/A10135TurinItaly
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
| | - Polyssena Renzi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
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48
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Kolarovič A, Jakubec P. State of the Art in Crystallization‐Induced Diastereomer Transformations. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Kolarovič
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Trnava University Priemyselná 4 918 43 Trnava Slovakia
| | - Pavol Jakubec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Catalysis and Petrochemistry Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
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49
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Devogelaer JJ, Charpentier MD, Tijink A, Dupray V, Coquerel G, Johnston K, Meekes H, Tinnemans P, Vlieg E, ter Horst JH, de Gelder R. Cocrystals of Praziquantel: Discovery by Network-Based Link Prediction. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:3428-3437. [PMID: 34276256 PMCID: PMC8276530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization has been promoted as an attractive early development tool as it can change the physicochemical properties of a target compound and possibly enable the purification of single enantiomers from racemic compounds. In general, the identification of adequate cocrystallization candidates (or coformers) is troublesome and hampers the exploration of the solid-state landscape. For this reason, several computational tools have been introduced over the last two decades. In this study, cocrystals of Praziquantel (PZQ), an anthelmintic drug used to treat schistosomiasis, are predicted with network-based link prediction and experimentally explored. Single crystals of 12 experimental cocrystal indications were grown and subjected to a structural analysis with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This case study illustrates the power of the link-prediction approach and its ability to suggest a diverse set of new coformer candidates for a target compound when starting from only a limited number of known cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Joris Devogelaer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime D. Charpentier
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences (SIPBS), Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Arnoud Tijink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie Dupray
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, SMS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, SMS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Karen Johnston
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Meekes
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vlieg
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H. ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical
Sciences (SIPBS), Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, SMS, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - René de Gelder
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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50
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Fytopoulos AA, Kavousanakis ME, Van Gerven T, Boudouvis AG, Stefanidis GD, Xiouras C. Crystal Growth, Dissolution, and Agglomeration Kinetics of Sodium Chlorate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios A. Fytopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Michail E. Kavousanakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems (ProcESS), Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas G. Boudouvis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios D. Stefanidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Xiouras
- Crystallization Technology Unit (CTU), Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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