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Crumpton AE, Heilmann A, Aldridge S. Modulating Hydrogen Shuttling in Ammonia by Neutral and Cationic Boron-Containing Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406440. [PMID: 38818696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Xanthene-backbone FLPs featuring secondary borane functions -B(ArX)H (where ArX=C6F5 (ArF) or C6Cl5 (ArCl)) have been targeted through reactions of the dihydroboranes Me2S ⋅ BArXH2 with [4,5-xanth(PR2)Li]2 (R=Ph, iPr), and investigated in the synthesis of related cationic systems via hydride abstraction. The reactivity of these systems (both cationic and charge neutral) with ammonia have been probed, with a view to probing the potential for proton shuttling via N-H bond 'activation.' We find that in the case of four-coordinate boron systems (cationic or change neutral), the N-H linkage remains intact, supported by a NH⋅⋅⋅P hydrogen bond which is worth up to 17 kcal mol-1 thermodynamically, and enabled by planarization of the flexible xanthene scaffold. For cationic three coordinate systems, N-to-P proton transfer is viable, driven by the ability of the boron centre to stabilise the [NH2]- conjugate base through N-to-B π bonding. This proton transfer can be shown to be reversible in the presence of excess ammonia, depending on the nature of the B-bound ArX group. It is viable in the case of C6F5 substituents, but is prevented by the more sterically encumbering and secondary donor-stabilising capabilities of the C6Cl5 substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamemnon E Crumpton
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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2
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McNicholas BJ, Nie C, Jose A, Oyala PH, Takase MK, Henling LM, Barth AT, Amaolo A, Hadt RG, Solomon EI, Winkler JR, Gray HB, Despagnet-Ayoub E. Boronated Cyanometallates. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2959-2981. [PMID: 36534001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen boronated cyanometallates [M(CN-BR3)6]3/4/5- [M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Os; BR3 = BPh3, B(2,4,6,-F3C6H2)3, B(C6F5)3] and one metalloboratonitrile [Cr(NC-BPh3)6]3- have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy [UV-vis-near-IR, NMR, IR, spectroelectrochemistry, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)]; CASSCF+NEVPT2 methods were employed in calculations of electronic structures. For (t2g)5 electronic configurations, the lowest-energy ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) absorptions and MCD C-terms in the spectra of boronated species have been assigned to transitions from cyanide π + B-C borane σ orbitals. CASSCF+NEVPT2 calculations including t1u and t2u orbitals reproduced t1u/t2u → t2g excitation energies. Many [M(CN-BR3)6]3/4- complexes exhibited highly electrochemically reversible redox couples. Notably, the reduction formal potentials of all five [M(CN-B(C6F5)3)6]3- anions scale with the LMCT energies, and Mn(I) and Cr(II) compounds, [K(18-crown-6)]5[Mn(CN-B(C6F5)3)6] and [K(18-crown-6)]4[Cr(CN-B(C6F5)3)6], are surprisingly stable. Continuous-wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR; hyperfine sublevel correlation) spectra were collected for all Cr(III) complexes; as expected, 14N hyperfine splittings are greater for (Ph4As)3[Cr(NC-BPh3)6] than for (Ph4As)3[Cr(CN-BPh3)6].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon J McNicholas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Cherish Nie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Anex Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Michael K Takase
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Larry M Henling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Alexandra T Barth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Alessio Amaolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Jay R Winkler
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Despagnet-Ayoub
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, California90041, United States
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3
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Akram MO, Tidwell JR, Dutton JL, Martin CD. Tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane: An Isolable, Halogen-Free, Lewis Superacid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212073. [PMID: 36135949 PMCID: PMC9828388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of tris(ortho-carboranyl)borane (BoCb3 ), a single site neutral Lewis superacid, in one pot from commercially available materials is achieved. The high fluoride ion affinity (FIA) confirms its classification as a Lewis superacid and the Gutmann-Beckett method as well as adducts with Lewis bases indicate stronger Lewis acidity over the widely used fluorinated aryl boranes. The electron withdrawing effect of ortho-carborane and lack of pi-delocalization of the LUMO rationalize the unusually high Lewis acidity. Catalytic studies indicate that BoCb3 is a superior catalyst for promoting C-F bond functionalization reactions than tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6 F5 )3 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjur O. Akram
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place #97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - John R. Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place #97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistryLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place #97348WacoTX 76798USA
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4
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Devillard M, Cordier M, Roisnel T, Dinoi C, Del Rosal I, Alcaraz G. Hydroboration of vinyl halides with mesitylborane: a direct access to (mesityl)(alkyl)haloboranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1589-1592. [PMID: 35018926 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct access to (mesityl)(alkyl)haloboranes (Mes(Alk)BX) (X = Br, Cl) from mesitylborane dimer and vinyl halides is presented. The involved hydroboration reaction results in the transfer of the halogen atom from the carbon of the starting material to the boron in the final product. The reactivity of the obtained Mes(Alk)BX has been evaluated for the synthesis of the bipyridyl boronium cations and 2-arylpyridine derived boron N^C-chelates. The formation mechanism of Mes(Alk)BX is apprended by DFT-calculations which shows that their formation involves two concomitant pathways derived from the regioslectivity of the hydroboration reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Devillard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | | | - Chiara Dinoi
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Alcaraz
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
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5
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Guerzoni MG, van Ingen Y, Melen RL. Recent applications of fluorinated arylborane derivatives. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Chen X, Meng G, Liao G, Rauch F, He J, Friedrich A, Marder TB, Wang N, Chen P, Wang S, Yin X. Highly Emissive 9-Borafluorene Derivatives: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Device Fabrication. Chemistry 2021; 27:6274-6282. [PMID: 33496983 PMCID: PMC8048904 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9-borafluorene derivatives, functionalised with electron-donating groups, have been prepared. Some of these 9-borafluorene compounds exhibit strong yellowish emission in solution and in the solid state with relatively high quantum yields (up to 73.6 % for FMesB-Cz as a neat film). The results suggest that the highly twisted donor groups suppress charge transfer, but the intrinsic photophysical properties of the 9-borafluorene systems remain. The new compounds showed enhanced stability towards the atmosphere, and exhibited excellent thermal stability, revealing their potential for application in materials science. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices were fabricated with two of the highly emissive compounds, and they exhibited strong yellow-greenish electroluminescence, with a maximum luminance intensity of >22 000 cd m-2 . These are the first two examples of 9-borafluorene derivatives being used as light-emitting materials in OLED devices, and they have enabled us to achieve a balance between maintaining their intrinsic properties while improving their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
| | - Guanming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jiang He
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
| | - Suning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonONK7L3N6Canada
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of Education of ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology102488BeijingP.R. China
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7
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Hermannsdorfer A, Driess M. Isolable Silicon-Based Polycations with Lewis Superacidity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23132-23136. [PMID: 32935903 PMCID: PMC7756528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular silicon polycations of the types R2 Si2+ and RSi3+ (R=H, organic groups) are elusive Lewis superacids and currently unknown in the condensed phase. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of isolable terpyridine-stabilized R2 Si2+ and RSi3+ complexes, [R2 Si(terpy)]2+ (R=Ph 12+ ; R2 =C12 H8 22+ , (CH2 )3 32+ ) and [RSi(terpy)]3+ (R=Ph 43+ , cyclohexyl 53+ , m-xylyl 63+ ), in form of their triflate salts. The stabilization of the latter is achieved through higher coordination and to the expense of reduced fluoride-ion affinities, but a significant level of Lewis superacidity is nonetheless retained as verified by theory and experiment. The complexes activate C(sp3 )-F bonds, as showcased by stoichiometric fluoride abstraction from 1-fluoroadamantane (AdF) and the catalytic hydrodefluorination of AdF. The formation of the crystalline adducts [2(F)]+ and [5(H)]2+ documents in particular the high reactivity towards fluoride and hydride donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hermannsdorfer
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C210623BerlinGermany
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8
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Yang DT, Zheng J, Peng JB, Wang X, Wang S. Sequential and Diverse Synthesis of BN-Heterocycles and Investigation of Their Photoreactivity. J Org Chem 2020; 86:829-836. [PMID: 33315397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substituents modification of BN-heterocycles on the boron atom has proven important to the photoreactivity and optoelectronic properties of BN-heterocycles. We developed a sequential and diverse synthetic strategy toward BN-heterocycles, in which the boron building block can be introduced with fully pre-functionalized substituents (Route A) or the substituents can be partially (Route B) or fully (Route C) modified after borylation. These three routes are complementary to provide more diverse BN-heterocycles, which will find broad applications in manipulating/controlling molecular transformations and the development of new photoresponsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tao Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China.,Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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9
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Lin H, Patel S, Jäkle F. Tailored Triarylborane Polymers as Supported Catalysts and Luminescent Materials. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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10
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He J, Rauch F, Finze M, Marder TB. (Hetero)arene-fused boroles: a broad spectrum of applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:128-147. [PMID: 34163585 PMCID: PMC8178973 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(Hetero)arene-fused boroles are a class of compounds containing a 5-membered boron diene-ring. Based on their molecular framework, the (hetero)arene-fused boroles can be considered as boron-doped polycyclic antiaromatic hydrocarbons and are thus of great interest. Due to the vacant pz orbital on the 3-coordinate boron atom, the antiaromaticity and strain of the 5-membered borole ring, (hetero)arene-fused boroles possess strong electron accepting abilities and Lewis acidity. By functionalization, they can be tuned to optimize different properties for specific applications. Herein, we summarize synthetic methodologies, different strategies for their functionalization, and applications of (hetero)arene-fused boroles. (Hetero)arene-fused boroles, ‘antiaromatic’ 2n-electron π-systems, more stable and more functionalizable than boroles, offer greater potential for a variety of applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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11
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Bentley JN, Elgadi SA, Gaffen JR, Demay-Drouhard P, Baumgartner T, Caputo CB. Fluorescent Lewis Adducts: A Practical Guide to Relative Lewis Acidity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Seja A. Elgadi
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Joshua R. Gaffen
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul Demay-Drouhard
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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12
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Hermannsdorfer A, Driess M. Isolierbare Silicium‐basierte Polykationen mit Lewis‐Superacidität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Hermannsdorfer
- Institut für Chemie, Metallorganische Chemie und anorganische Materialien Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Driess
- Institut für Chemie, Metallorganische Chemie und anorganische Materialien Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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13
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Rauch F, Fuchs S, Friedrich A, Sieh D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Marder TB. Highly Stable, Readily Reducible, Fluorescent, Trifluoromethylated 9-Borafluorenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:12794-12808. [PMID: 31999019 PMCID: PMC7589458 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Three different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes (F Bf) were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo-aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para substituents on their exo-aryl moieties, being a proton (F XylF Bf, F Xyl: 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), a trifluoromethyl group (F MesF Bf, F Mes: 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) or a dimethylamino group (p-NMe2 -F XylF Bf, p-NMe2 -F Xyl: 4-(dimethylamino)-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), respectively. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron-deficient derivative F MesF Bf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, all compounds exhibit very long fluorescent lifetimes of about 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this differ. The donor-substituted derivative p-NMe2 -F XylF Bf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from a charge-transfer (CT) state, whereas the F MesF Bf and F XylF Bf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition-dipole moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rauch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Daniel Sieh
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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14
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Heshmat M, Ensing B. Optimizing the Energetics of FLP-Type H 2 Activation by Modulating the Electronic and Structural Properties of the Lewis Acids: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6399-6410. [PMID: 32666803 PMCID: PMC8279552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The great potential of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) as metal-free catalysts for activation of molecular hydrogen has attracted increasing interest as an alternative to transition-metal catalysts. However, the complexity of FLP systems, involving the simultaneous interaction of three molecules, impedes a detailed understanding of the activation mechanism and the individual roles of the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB). In the present work, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we examine the reactivity of 75 FLPs for the H2 splitting reaction, including a series of experimentally investigated LAs combined with conventional phosphine-based (tBu3P) and oxygen-based (i.e., ethereal solvent) Lewis bases. We find that the catalytic activity of the FLP is the result of a delicate balance of the LA and LB strengths and their bulkiness. The H2 splitting reaction can be changed from endergonic to exergonic by tuning the electrophilicity of the LA. Also, a more nucleophilic LB results in a more stable ion pair product and a lower barrier for the hydrogen splitting. The bulkiness of the LB leads to an early transition state to reduce steric hindrance and lower the barrier height. The bulkiness of the fragments determines the cavity size in the FLP complex, and a large cavity allows for a larger charge separation in the ion pair configuration. A shorter proton-hydride distance in this product complex correlates with a stronger attraction between the fragments, which forms more reactive ion pairs and facilitates the proton and hydride donations in the subsequent hydrogenation process. These insights may help with rationalizing the experimentally observed reactivities of FLPs and with designing better FLP systems for hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Ensing
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Zhuang D, Li Y, Zhu J. Antiaromaticity-Promoted Activation of Dihydrogen with Borole Fused Cyclooctatetraene Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Density Functional Theory Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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16
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Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8689-8697. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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17
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Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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18
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Carden JL, Dasgupta A, Melen RL. Halogenated triarylboranes: synthesis, properties and applications in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1706-1725. [PMID: 32100762 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated triarylboranes (BAr3) have been known for decades, however it has only been since the surge of interest in main group catalysis that their application as strong Lewis acid catalysts has been recognised. This review aims to look past the popular tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] to the other halogenated triarylboranes, to give a greater breadth of understanding as to how tuning the Lewis acidity of BAr3 by modifications of the aryl rings can lead to improved reactivity. In this review, a discussion on Lewis acidity determination of boranes is given, the synthesis of these boranes is discussed, and examples of how they are being used for catalysis and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Carden
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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19
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Gilhula JC, Radosevich AT. Tetragonal phosphorus(v) cations as tunable and robust catalytic Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7177-7182. [PMID: 31588285 PMCID: PMC6685354 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported.
The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported. Corrole-based phosphorus(v) cations of the type [ArP(cor)][B(C6F5)4] (Ar = C6H5, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3; cor = 5,10,15-(C6H5)3corrolato3–, 5,10,15-(C6F5)3corrolato3–) were synthesized and characterized by NMR and X-ray diffraction. The visible electronic absorption spectra of these cationic phosphacorroles depend strongly on the coordination environment at phosphorus, and their Lewis acidities are quantified by spectrophotometric titrations. DFT analyses establish that the character of the P-acceptor orbital comprises P–N antibonding interactions in the basal plane of the phosphacorrole. Consequently, the cationic phosphacorroles display unprecedented stability to water and alcohols while remaining highly active and robust Lewis acid catalysts for carbonyl hydrosilylation, Csp3–H bond functionalization, and carbohydrate deoxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Gilhula
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
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20
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Bennett EL, Lawrence EJ, Blagg RJ, Mullen AS, MacMillan F, Ehlers AW, Scott DJ, Sapsford JS, Ashley AE, Wildgoose GG, Slootweg JC. A New Mode of Chemical Reactivity for Metal-Free Hydrogen Activation by Lewis Acidic Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8362-8366. [PMID: 30968535 PMCID: PMC6594078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We herein explore whether tris(aryl)borane Lewis acids are capable of cleaving H2 outside of the usual Lewis acid/base chemistry described by the concept of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Instead of a Lewis base we use a chemical reductant to generate stable radical anions of two highly hindered boranes: tris(3,5-dinitromesityl)borane and tris(mesityl)borane. NMR spectroscopic characterization reveals that the corresponding borane radical anions activate (cleave) dihydrogen, whilst EPR spectroscopic characterization, supported by computational analysis, reveals the intermediates along the hydrogen activation pathway. This radical-based, redox pathway involves the homolytic cleavage of H2 , in contrast to conventional models of FLP chemistry, which invoke a heterolytic cleavage pathway. This represents a new mode of chemical reactivity for hydrogen activation by borane Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot L. Bennett
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Elliot J. Lawrence
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Robin J. Blagg
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Anna S. Mullen
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Fraser MacMillan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904, PO Box 941571090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Science FacultyUniversity of JohannesburgPO Box 254, Auckland ParkJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College White City Campus80 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Joshua S. Sapsford
- Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College White City Campus80 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College White City Campus80 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Gregory G. Wildgoose
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904, PO Box 941571090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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21
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Bennett EL, Lawrence EJ, Blagg RJ, Mullen AS, MacMillan F, Ehlers AW, Scott DJ, Sapsford JS, Ashley AE, Wildgoose GG, Slootweg JC. A New Mode of Chemical Reactivity for Metal‐Free Hydrogen Activation by Lewis Acidic Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot L. Bennett
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Elliot J. Lawrence
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Robin J. Blagg
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Anna S. Mullen
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Fraser MacMillan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Andreas W. Ehlers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Science FacultyUniversity of Johannesburg PO Box 254, Auckland Park Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College White City Campus 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Joshua S. Sapsford
- Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College White City Campus 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Molecular Sciences Research HubImperial College White City Campus 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Gregory G. Wildgoose
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904, PO Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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22
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Li J, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Preparation of the Borane (Fmes)BH 2 and its Utilization in the FLP Reduction of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6737-6741. [PMID: 30874361 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene with n-BuLi, followed by H3 B⋅SMe2 and subsequent hydride removal gave the (Fmes)BH2 reagent, which was isolated as a SMe2 stabilized monomer or a ligand free (μ-H)2 -bridged dimer. Reaction with Mes2 P(vinyl) gave the respective ethylene-bridged P/B(Fmes)H FLP. It reduced carbon monoxide to the formyl stage and carbon dioxide to the formaldehyde oxidation state. Most new compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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23
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Li J, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Preparation of the Borane (Fmes)BH
2
and its Utilization in the FLP Reduction of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
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24
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Andrea KA, Kerton FM. Triarylborane-Catalyzed Formation of Cyclic Organic Carbonates and Polycarbonates. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kori A. Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NF A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Francesca M. Kerton
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NF A1B 3X7, Canada
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25
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Liu Y, Solari E, Scopelliti R, Fadaei Tirani F, Severin K. Lewis Acid-Mediated One-Electron Reduction of Nitrous Oxide. Chemistry 2018; 24:18809-18815. [PMID: 30426605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The one-electron reduction of nitrous oxide (N2 O) was achieved using strong Lewis acids E(C6 F5 )3 (E=B or Al) in combination with metallocenes. In the case of B(C6 F5 )3 , electron transfer to N2 O required a powerful reducing agent such as Cp*2 Co (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). In the presence of Al(C6 F5 )3 , on the other hand, the reactions could be performed with weaker reducing agents such as Cp*2 Fe or Cp2 Fe (Cp=cyclopentadienyl). The Lewis acid-mediated electron transfer from the metallocene to N2 O resulted in cleavage of the N-O bond, generating N2 and the oxyl radical anion [OE(C6 F5 )3 ]⋅- . The latter is highly reactive and engages in C-H activation reactions. It was possible to trap the radical by addition of the Gomberg dimer, which acts as a source of the trityl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Liu
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Euro Solari
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Greb L. Lewis Superacids: Classifications, Candidates, and Applications. Chemistry 2018; 24:17881-17896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 Germany
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27
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Xing JY, Buffet JC, Rees NH, Nørby P, O'Hare D. Hydrogen cleavage by solid-phase frustrated Lewis pairs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10478-81. [PMID: 27463124 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04937k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the direct synthesis of a solid-phase frustrated Lewis pair (s-FLP) by combining a silica-supported Lewis acid ([triple bond, length as m-dash]SiOB(C6F5)2, s-BCF) with a Lewis base (tri-tert-butylphosphine, (t)Bu3P) to give [[triple bond, length as m-dash]SiOB(C6F5)2][(t)Bu3P]. Reaction of this s-FLP with H2 under mild conditions led to heterolytic H-H bond cleavage and the formation of [[triple bond, length as m-dash]SiOB(H)(C6F5)2][(t)Bu3PH].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Xing
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Nicholas H Rees
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Peter Nørby
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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28
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LaFortune JHW, Szkop KM, Farinha FE, Johnstone TC, Postle S, Stephan DW. Probing steric influences on electrophilic phosphonium cations: a comparison of [(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3PF]+ and [(C6F5)3PF]+. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11411-11419. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic phosphonium cation (EPC) salt [(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3PF][B(C6F5)4] (2) can display catalytic activity greater than its thermodynamic acidity would suggest. The role of steric factors is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M. Szkop
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Farah E. Farinha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Shawn Postle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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29
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Yin Q, Soltani Y, Melen RL, Oestreich M. BArF3-Catalyzed Imine Hydroboration with Pinacolborane Not Requiring the Assistance of an Additional Lewis Base. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yashar Soltani
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17.
Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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30
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31
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Körte LA, Schwabedissen J, Soffner M, Blomeyer S, Reuter CG, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Tris(perfluorotolyl)borane-A Boron Lewis Superacid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8578-8582. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif A. Körte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Marcel Soffner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Christian G. Reuter
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Yury V. Vishnevskiy
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | | | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialien CM 2; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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32
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Kirschner S, Mewes JM, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Dreuw A, Wagner M. How Boron Doping Shapes the Optoelectronic Properties of Canonical and Phenylene-Containing Oligoacenes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. Chemistry 2017; 23:5104-5116. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kirschner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/M Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing; Ruprechts-Karls University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics; The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS); Massey University Albany; Private Bag 102904 Auckland 0745 New Zealand
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/M Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/M Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing; Ruprechts-Karls University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/M Germany
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Grandl M, Rudolf B, Sun Y, Bechtel DF, Pierik AJ, Pammer F. Intramolecular N→B Coordination as a Stabilizing Scaffold for π-Conjugated Radical Anions with Tunable Redox Potentials. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grandl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rudolf
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominique F. Bechtel
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Antonio J. Pierik
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Yin Q, Kemper S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Boron Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkenes with Pinacolborane: BAr F3 Does What B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 Cannot Do! Chemistry 2016; 22:13840-13844. [PMID: 27447683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-free hydroboration of various alkenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) initiated by tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BArF3 ) is reported. The choice of the boron Lewis acid is crucial as the more prominent boron Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6 F5 )3 ) is reluctant to react. Unlike B(C6 F5 )3 , BArF3 is found to engage in substituent redistribution with HBpin, resulting in the formation of ArF Bpin and the electron-deficient diboranes [H2 BArF ]2 and [(ArF )(H)B(μ-H)2 BArF2 ]. These in situ-generated hydroboranes undergo regioselective hydroboration of styrene derivatives as well as aliphatic alkenes with cis diastereoselectivity. Another ligand metathesis of these adducts with HBpin subsequently affords the corresponding HBpin-derived anti-Markovnikov adducts. The reactive hydroboranes are regenerated in this step, thereby closing the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
The first 1 : 1 : 1 hetero-tri(aryl)borane cleaves H2 with various Lewis bases, and its electrochemistry is studied.
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