1
|
Yuan D, Qi Y, Ma C, Fu P, Volmer DA. Selective molecular characterization of organic aerosols using in situ laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9847. [PMID: 38890224 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The sources and chemical compositions of organic aerosol (OA) exert a significant influence on both regional and global atmospheric conditions, thereby having far-reaching implications on environmental chemistry. However, existing mass spectrometry (MS) methods have limitations in characterizing the detailed composition of OA due to selective ionization as well as fractionation during cold-water extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE). METHODS A comprehensive MS study was conducted using aerosol samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. To supplement the data obtained from electrospray ionization (ESI), a strategy for analyzing OAs collected using the quartz fiber filter directly utilizing laser desorption ionization (LDI) was employed. Additionally, the ESI method was conducted to explore suitable approaches for determining various OA compositions from samples collected on dusty, clean, and polluted days. RESULTS In situ LDI has the advantages of significantly reducing the sample volume, simplifying sample preparation, and overcoming the problem of overestimating sulfur-containing compounds usually encountered in ESI. It is suitable for the characterization of highly unsaturated and hydrophobic aerosols, such as brown carbon-type compounds with low volatility and high stability, which is supplementary to ESI. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other ionization methods, in situ LDI helps provide a complementary description of the molecular compositions of OAs, especially for analyzing OAs in polluted day samples. This method may contribute to a more comprehensive MS analysis of the elusive compositions and sources of OA in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daohe Yuan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, China
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang N, Wang Z, Chen S, Liu H, Wu D, Zhang L. Variation in the concentration of particulate Pd in the Nandu River Estuary during spring-neap tides. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138041. [PMID: 36736842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are environmental systems with great resource potential and environmental benefits. This study investigates the role of particulate palladium (Pd) in the Nandu River Estuary in the enrichment of estuarine geochemical processes during spring-neap tides. Particulate Pd was found to show different characteristics during spring-neap tides, with the hydrodynamic condition being one of the key factors causing the difference. In addition, particulate Pd showed a decreasing trend while moving from the mouth to the upstream. The highest value of particulate Pd was 35.32 ng L-1, which occurred at the intersection of the mainstream and the branch during the neap tide, and the lowest value was 0.86 ng·L-1, which occurred in the far mouth area during the spring tide. The concentrations of particulate Pd during the neap and spring tides were 5.53 (1.01-35.32) ng·L-1 and 2.33 (0.86-5.22) ng·L-1, respectively. With the exception of stations 1, 5, 10, 11, and 15, the concentration of particulate Pd during the neap tide was greater than that during the spring tide. The variation in the particulate Pd was inconsistent between the spring tide and the neap tide, and the fluctuation in each study section during the neap tide was greater than that during the spring tide. In addition, since the emissions from catalytic converter are in the form of nanoparticles, they are difficult to be dissolve in natural water, and therefore, the concentration of particulate Pd was obviously greater in the waters near large bridges and main roads. An analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the water showed that Cl- easily combined with dissolved Pd and was one of the important factors that affected the concentration of particulate Pd. In addition, DO and Eh had little effect on the change in the particulate Pd during the tidal cycle, and pH had a significant positive correlation with particulate Pd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Yuyan Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Niuniu Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haofeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, Hainan, China; Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Environmental Change of Tropical Islands, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- The Analysis and Test Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu S, Wang Z, Wan L, Luo C, Baig SA, Xu X. Electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of clofibric acid (CA) using Pd/Ni foam electrodes: The effects of Ni(OH)2 and complexing agents on electrode preparation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Influence of the methods of synthesis and grain size distribution on XEOL spectra of CaWO4:xTb3+. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Savignan L, Faucher S, Chéry P, Lespes G. Platinum group elements contamination in soils: Review of the current state. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129517. [PMID: 33450423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Platinum group elements (PGE: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os Ir, Pt) are rare metals with low abundance in the continental crust. The elements of the palladium subgroup of PGE (PPGE: Pt, Pd, Rh) have been exploited more and more over the last thirty years for their physicochemical properties such as high melting point, high resistance to corrosion, mechanical strength and ductility. This led to emerging environmental contamination in different media such as air, road dust, soil, sediment, vegetation, and snow. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data on soil contamination by PPGE and its potential environmental impact. In this paper, the environmental issue of PPGE is discussed with regard to their anthropogenic emission and fate, which includes speciation, possible transformations into bioavailable forms and toxicity. Soil contamination by PPGE is described taking into account urban and non-urban areas. The analytical determination process is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Savignan
- Bordeaux Science Agro, EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, 1 Cours Du Général De Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Stéphane Faucher
- Bordeaux Science Agro, EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, 1 Cours Du Général De Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan, France; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Philippe Chéry
- Bordeaux Science Agro, EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, 1 Cours Du Général De Gaulle, 33175, Gradignan, France.
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour / E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Helioparc, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053, Pau Cedex 09, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kińska K, Sadowska M, Kowalska J, Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. Search for effective eluent for Pd separation on ion-exchange sorbent before voltammetric determination. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127699. [PMID: 32777609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Determination of Pd traces in environmental samples is still a challenging analytical task. The aim of this study was to propose an efficient system (i.e. ion-exchange resin and eluent) for Pd elution from SPE column after the analyte preconcentration. Moreover, the search was focused on solvents that would not interfere voltammetric determination of Pd, as well as ICP-MS analysis. Five ion-exchange sorbents were compared in terms of effective Pd separation from matrix components when using different eluents. The highest recovery (up to 91%) of palladium was obtained for Dowex 1 and ammonium buffer as the eluent. This solution not only provides relatively high palladium elution efficiency but also allows both voltammetric and ICP-MS determinations, without any additional sample preparation. It was proven that the proposed procedure including SPE separation and determination with AdSV and/or ICP-MS could be used for quantitative Pd measurement in environmental samples, such as quartz sand used for the monitoring of Pd emission in the areas of high traffic density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Sadowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sadowska M, Kińska K, Kowalska J, Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. Sample pretreatment for voltammetric determination of Pd - selective separation and preconcentration using Cellex-T. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Leopold K, Denzel A, Gruber A, Malle L. Mobility of traffic-related Pd and Pt species in soils evaluated by sequential extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1119-1127. [PMID: 30098538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mobility of platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) emissions from automotive catalysts in soils and to contribute to the risk assessment of platinum group metals (PGMs) discharged from catalysts in the environment. To address this question, for the first time risk assessment code (RAC) was applied to consider the results from sequential extraction of different Pd and Pt species from soils. For this purpose, model soil samples were prepared spiking defined Pd or Pt species, respectively, at known concentrations. In order to mimic emitted species as well as possible transformation products of traffic-related Pd and Pt emissions in soils, coated and uncoated elemental nanoparticles (cPd/cPt NPs, Pd/Pt NPs) and ionic divalent metal species (Pd(II)/Pt(II)) were applied. All model samples were characterized in detail and the developed sequential extraction scheme was validated. RAC values ranged between 24 and 8% revealing medium to low risk. The order of mobility for the studied species was found to be Pt(II) > cPd NPs » Pd(II) > Pd NPs > Pt NPs > cPt NPs. Furthermore, migration of Pd species in gravity columns was studied confirming highest transport of cPd NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Aline Denzel
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Gruber
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Malle
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wiseman CLS, Niu J, Levesque C, Chénier M, Rasmussen PE. An assessment of the inhalation bioaccessibility of platinum group elements in road dust using a simulated lung fluid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:1009-1017. [PMID: 30029308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal enrichment of road dust is well characterized but available data on the bioaccessibility of metals in particle size fractions relevant to human respiratory health remain limited. The study goal was to investigate the bioaccessibility of platinum group elements (PGE), which are used as catalysts in automotive exhaust converters, in the inhalable fraction of road dust. Street sweepings were provided by the City of Toronto, Canada, collected as part of its Clean Roads to Clean Air program.The particle size relevance of road dust for inhalation exposures was confirmed using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (mean Dx(50): 9.42 μm). Total PGE were determined in both bulk and inhalable fractions using nickel sulfide (NiS) fire-assay and instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA). PGE lung solubility was examined for the inhalable fraction using Gamble's extraction. Sample digests were co-precipitated with Te-Sn, to pre-concentrate and isolate PGE, prior to their measurement using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Total PGE concentrations were enriched in the inhalable fraction of road sweepings. Geomean concentrations in the inhalable fraction were: palladium (Pd) (152 μg/kg), platinum (Pt) (55 μg/kg), rhodium (Rh) (21 μg/kg) and iridium (Ir) (0.23 μg/kg). Osmium (Os) concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD). Bioaccessible PGEs (n = 16) using Gamble's solution were below LOD for Ir and ruthenium (Ru). For the remainder, the geomean % bioaccessibility was highest for platinum (16%), followed by rhodium (14%) and palladium (3.4%). This study provides evidence that PGE in road dust are bioaccessible in the human lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L S Wiseman
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Levesque
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Chénier
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pat E Rasmussen
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leopold K, Wörle K, Schindl R, Huber L, Maier M, Schuster M. Determination of traffic-related palladium in tunnel dust and roadside soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 583:169-175. [PMID: 28110882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Roadside dust and soil samples were collected at different sites in the area of Ulm and Munich in Germany. Road dust samples were collected in tunnels where the traffic-related dust is less influenced by atmospheric conditions. Soil samples were taken with a drill bar at varying distances to motorways, district and regional roads with different traffic densities. The soil cylinders of 30cm length were divided into four sections in order to obtain depth profiles for palladium (Pd) distribution. Determination of Pd in total digests of the samples was performed by ligand-assisted selective separation and preconcentration of Pd(II) using solid phase extraction followed by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace spectrometry. The analytical procedure was successfully validated using the certified reference material BCR-723 Road Tunnel Dust and by recovery experiments in spiked soil samples. The average Pd concentration found in the road dusts was 311μgkg-1, the maximum Pd concentration in the topsoil layer was 193μgkg-1. Pd depth profiles reveal transportation of Pd into deeper soil layers, where even at a depth of 25 to 30cm a Pd concentration of 19μgkg-1 was found, proving the high mobility of Pd. Different factors like traffic density and age of the soils are discussed in the context of the found Pd depth profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany..
| | - Katharina Wörle
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Schindl
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Huber
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Maier
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Michael Schuster
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zereini F, Wiseman CLS, Poprizki J, Albers P, Schneider W, Leopold K. Assessing the potential of inorganic anions (Cl -, NO 3-, SO 42- and PO 43-) to increase the bioaccessibility of emitted palladium in the environment: Experimental studies with soils and a Pd model substance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1050-1058. [PMID: 27876419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd) emitted from vehicles equipped with exhaust catalytic converters has been accumulating at a greater rate relative to other platinum group elements (PGE) in the last 10-20 years. Little is known, however, regarding the various environmental factors and conditions which are likely to modulate the chemical behavior and bioaccessibility of this element post-emission. To meet data needs, soils and a Pd model substance were treated with solutions containing common anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42- und PO43-) to shed light on the geochemical behavior of emitted Pd under ambient conditions. As part of this, the particle surface chemistry of treated residues (insoluble phase) and solutions (soluble phase) was examined using XPS to assess the chemical transformation of Pd in the presence of inorganic anions. The results show that Pd is the most soluble in the presence of anionic species, followed by rhodium (Rh) and platinum (Pt). Pd in field-collected samples was found to be considerably more soluble than the metallic Pd in the model substance, Pd black, when treated with anionic species. The results also demonstrate that the solubility of Pd black is strongly dependent on solution pH, concentration and the duration of reaction. The outer 3-4 atomic layers of metallic Pd was determined via XPS to be partially oxidized when treated with anion solutions, with the degree being dependent on anion type. The concentration of dissolved O2 in solution was found to have little impact on the transformation of metallic Pd. Given the ubiquitous nature of the anions examined, we can expect that Pd will become more bioaccessible post-emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Zereini
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Clare L S Wiseman
- School of the Environment, Earth Sciences Centre, Rm. 1016V, 33 Willcocks St., University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E8; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Peter Albers
- Evonik Technology & Infrastructure GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|