1
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Ozalp Unal D, Sel T. Investigation of Antiproliferative Effects of Combinations of White and Black Garlic Extracts with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on Caco-2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300820. [PMID: 38600874 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Garlic is rich in bioactive compounds that are effective against colon cancer cells. This study tests the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of cold-extracted white and black garlic extracts. Black garlic extracted in water (SSU) exhibits the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and flavonoid content, while black garlic extracted in ethanol (SET) shows the lowest values. Caspase-3 activity is notably higher in the white garlic extracted in methanol (BME), white garlic extracted in methanol combines with 5-FU, black garlic extracted in ethanol (SET), black garlic extracted in ethanol combines with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 5-FU treatments compare to the control group (p > 0.05). BME+5-FU displays the highest caspase-8 activity (p < 0.05). A decrease in NF-κB levels is observed in the SET+5-FU group (p>0.05), while COX-2 activities decrease in the BME, SET+5-FU, SET, and 5-FU groups (p>0.05). Wound healing increases in the BME, BME+5-FU, SET+5-FU, and 5-FU groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, aqueous black garlic extract may exhibit pro-oxidant activity despite its high antioxidant capacity. It is worth noting that exposure to heat-treated food and increased sugar content may lead to heightened inflammation and adverse health effects. This study is the first to combine garlic with chemo-preventive drugs like 5-FU in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Ozalp Unal
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Field Crops Central Research Institute, Ankara, 06170, Turkey
| | - Tevhide Sel
- The Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
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2
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El-Wetidy MS, Rady MI, Rady I, Helal H. Urolithin A affects cellular migration and modulates matrix metalloproteinase expression in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4019. [PMID: 38622949 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world's second most common gastrointestinal malignancy. Preventing tumor cell proliferation and dissemination is critical for patient survival. Polyphenols have a variety of health advantages and can help prevent cancer. The current study examined different cellular activities of the gut-microbiota metabolite urolithin A (UA) on several colon cancer cell lines. The results revealed that UA suppressed cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the current investigation, UA substantially affected cell migration in the wound-healing experiment and greatly decreased the number of colonies generated in each CRC cell culture. UA decreased cellular migration in CRC cells 48 h after treatment, which was significant (p < .001) compared to the migration rate in untreated cells. When compared to untreated cells, UA slowed the process of colony formation by reducing the number of colonies or altering their morphological shape. The western blot analysis investigation revealed that UA inhibits cellular metastasis by lowering the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (MMP1 and MMP2) by more than 43% and 41% (p < .001) in HT29, 28% and 149% (p < .001) in SW480, and 90% and 74% (p < .001) in SW620, respectively, at a 100 µM dosage of UA compared to the control. Surprisingly, at a 100 µM dosage of UA, the expression levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) were elevated in HT29, SW480, and SW620 cells treated with 100 µM of UA by more than 89%, 57%, and 29%, respectively. Our findings imply that UA has anticancer properties and might be used therapeutically to treat CRC. The findings provided the first indication of the influence of UA on cellular migration and metastasis in colon cancer cells. All of these data showed that UA might be used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of various forms of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S El-Wetidy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad I Rady
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam Rady
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hamed Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Delgado-Gonzalez P, Garza-Treviño EN, de la Garza Kalife DA, Quiroz Reyes A, Hernández-Tobías EA. Bioactive Compounds of Dietary Origin and Their Influence on Colorectal Cancer as Chemoprevention. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1977. [PMID: 37895359 PMCID: PMC10608661 DOI: 10.3390/life13101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death and the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide. The tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells participate in colorectal tumor progression and can dictate malignancy. Nutrition status affects treatment response and the progression or recurrence of the tumor. This review summarizes the main bioactive compounds against the molecular pathways related to colorectal carcinogenesis. Moreover, we focus on the compounds with chemopreventive properties, mainly polyphenols and carotenoids, which are highly studied dietary bioactive compounds present in major types of food, like vegetables, fruits, and seeds. Their proprieties are antioxidant and gut microbiota modulation, important in the intestine because they decrease reactive oxygen species and inflammation, both principal causes of cancer. These compounds can promote apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Combined with oncologic treatment, a sensitization to first-line colorectal chemotherapy schemes, such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, is observed, making them an attractive and natural support in the oncologic treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - David A. de la Garza Kalife
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - Adriana Quiroz Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
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4
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Pang Y, Chen X, Xu B, Zhang Y, Liang S, Hu J, Liu R, Luo X, Wang Y. Engineered multitargeting exosomes carrying miR-323a-3p for CRC therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125794. [PMID: 37442504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is in the forefront of malignancies for its high incidence and mortality. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used effective drugs for the treatment of CRC. However, there is an urgent need in reducing its systemic side effects and chemoresistance, in order to make 5-FU-based chemotherapy more effective in the treatment of CRC. In this study, engineered CRC cells were established to overexpress miR-323a-3p, which was a tumor suppressor that targeted both EGFR and TYMS. Then miR-323a-3p-loaded exosomes (miR-Exo) were obtained with suitable methods of collection and purification. We found that miR-Exo significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by the way of targeting EGFR directly in the cells, which eventually led to desirable tumor regression in the cell derived xenograft (CDX) and patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor mice models. Moreover, we discovered that miR-323a-3p released from miR-Exo directly inhibited the upregulation of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) induced by 5-FU-resistence in CRC cells, resulting in the revival of tumor cytotoxicity from 5-FU. MiR-Exo could effectively induce the CRC cell apoptosis by targeting EGFR and TYMS, and enhance the therapeutic effects of 5-FU on CRC. Our work demonstrates the potency of miR-Exo for advanced CRC biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechun Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiying Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, China
| | - Yuanzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunshun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, China.
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Harper P. A Review of the Dietary Intake, Bioavailability and Health Benefits of Ellagic Acid (EA) with a Primary Focus on Its Anti-Cancer Properties. Cureus 2023; 15:e43156. [PMID: 37692691 PMCID: PMC10484468 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ET) and ellagic acid (EA) are polyphenols, present in common foods, which may exhibit significant health benefits against inflammation, infection and cancer. EA is metabolised by the gut flora to produce urolithins, which are absorbed into the systemic circulation. Urolithins are widely documented to reduce oxidative stress associated with many diseases including cancer, heart disease and liver damage. In particular, Urolithin C and D have been shown to have high anti-oxidant properties through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The anti-inflammatory properties of EA have been demonstrated through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS as well as decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules. EA also regulates the gut microflora and possesses antimicrobial activity against various strains of harmful bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Helicobacter pylori. Numerous studies have documented the anticarcinogenic benefits of EA and have been performed on, but not limited to, prostate, colon and breast cancer cell lines and in vivo models. Conventional treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy, can often be associated with significant side effects such as fatigue, hair loss and alopecia. Naturally-occurring food substances such as ETs potentially offer a risk-free preventative measure against cancer and could perhaps be used in synergy with current treatments. More level 1 studies are required to inform the evidence-base on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Harper
- Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, GBR
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6
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Yang Q, Wang B, Zheng Q, Li H, Meng X, Zhou F, Zhang L. A Review of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Tumor Progression and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207366. [PMID: 36951547 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer progression, primarily by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and regulating key signaling pathways in cancer cells and multiple immune cells. The use of microbial metabolites in radiotherapy and chemotherapy mitigates the severe side effects from treatment and improves the efficacy of treatment. Immunotherapy combined with microbial metabolites effectively activates the immune system to kill tumors and overcomes drug resistance. Consequently, various novel strategies have been developed to modulate microbial metabolites. Manipulation of genes involved in microbial metabolism using synthetic biology approaches directly affects levels of microbial metabolites, while fecal microbial transplantation and phage strategies affect levels of microbial metabolites by altering the composition of the microbiome. However, some microbial metabolites harbor paradoxical functions depending on the context (e.g., type of cancer). Furthermore, the metabolic effects of microorganisms on certain anticancer drugs such as irinotecan and gemcitabine, render the drugs ineffective or exacerbate their adverse effects. Therefore, a personalized and comprehensive consideration of the patient's condition is required when employing microbial metabolites to treat cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the correlation between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and cancer, and to provide fresh ideas for future scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Yang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heyu Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Infection & Immunity of International Institutes of Medicine The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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7
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Chen Y, Liao X, Li Y, Cao H, Zhang F, Fei B, Bao C, Cao H, Mao Y, Chen X, Gao X, Zhao W, Xu J. Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:268. [PMID: 37046334 PMCID: PMC10091326 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide is a huge challenge to human health. Primary tumor locations found to impact prognosis and response to therapy. The important role of gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of CRC has led to many attempts of alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects using microecologics. However, the underlying mechanism of the difference in the prognosis of different primary tumor locations and the synergistic effect of prebiotics on chemotherapy need to be further elucidated. This study aims to explore the differences in tumor microbiota and examine the effectiveness of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on gut microbiota, adverse effects, and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs in CRC patients at different primary tumor locations. METHODS This is a double-blinded, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial. Participants with left-sided CRC (LSCRC, n = 50) and right-sided CC (RSCC, n = 50) will randomly allocated to prebiotic group (n = 25) or control group (n = 25) and will receive either a daily XOS (3 g/day) or placebo, respectively, for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes will be the differences in the mucosa microbiota composition at different tumor locations and differences in gut microbiota composition, adverse effects, and blood concentration of capecitabine posttreatment. The secondary outcomes will include other blood indicators, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, quality of life, and mental health. DISCUSSION This study will reveal the potential benefits of prebiotic for improving the gut microbiota composition, alleviating the adverse effects, and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRC. In addition, this study will provide data on the different distribution of tumor microbiota and the different changes of gut microbiota during treatment in LSCRC and RSCC, which may provide novel insights into personalized cancer treatment strategies based on primary tumor locations and gut microbiota in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR2100046237. Registered on 12 May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaowei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chuanqing Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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8
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Microbiota-Derived Natural Products Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Inside the Gut Pharma Factory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054997. [PMID: 36902427 PMCID: PMC10003410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have drawn much attention as important tumour-initiating cells that may also be crucial for recurrence after chemotherapy. Although the activity of CSCs in various forms of cancer is complex and yet to be fully elucidated, opportunities for therapies targeting CSCs exist. CSCs are molecularly distinct from bulk tumour cells, so they can be targeted by exploiting their signature molecular pathways. Inhibiting stemness has the potential to reduce the risk posed by CSCs by limiting or eliminating their capacity for tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Here, we briefly described the role of CSCs in tumour biology, the mechanisms involved in CSC therapy resistance, and the role of the gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment, to then review and discuss the current advances in the discovery of microbiota-derived natural compounds targeting CSCs. Collectively, our overview suggests that dietary intervention, toward the production of those identified microbial metabolites capable of suppressing CSC properties, is a promising approach to support standard chemotherapy.
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9
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Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Role and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030866. [PMID: 36765824 PMCID: PMC9913759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While CRC is thought to be an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Gut microbiota refer to the ~40 trillion microorganisms that inhabit the human gut. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and metagenomics have provided new insights into the gut microbial ecology and have helped in linking gut microbiota to CRC. Many studies carried out in humans and animal models have emphasized the role of certain gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, in the onset and progression of CRC. Metagenomic studies have opened up new avenues for the application of gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. This review article summarizes the role of gut microbiota in CRC development and its use as a biomarker to predict the disease and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pandey
- Redcliffe Labs, Electronic City, Noida 201301, India
| | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
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10
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He B, Dai L, Jin L, Liu Y, Li X, Luo M, Wang Z, Kai G. Bioactive components, pharmacological effects, and drug development of traditional herbal medicine Rubus chingii Hu (Fu-Pen-Zi). Front Nutr 2023; 9:1052504. [PMID: 36698464 PMCID: PMC9868258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1052504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese Raspberry), known as Fu-Pen-Zi in Chinese, a woody perennial plant of the genus Rubus in the Rosaceae family, has specific nutritional and medicinal values, which is considered food-medicine herb in China for thousands of years to treat impotence, premature ejaculation, enuresis, frequent urination, and other diseases. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the bioactive components, pharmacological effects, and drug development and utilization of Rubus chingii Hu, hoping to provide useful support for its further research and clinical application. The bioactive components in Rubus chingii Hu contain mainly terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and steroids. The main pharmacological effects are their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor capacity on human health. Rubus chingii Hu is a very valuable food-medicine herb. The development of Rubus chingii Hu-related drugs is relatively single, which is limited to traditional Chinese medicine and prescriptions. Therefore, it is vital to pay interest to Rubus chingii Hu and its bioactive components in the future and extend its scientific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihui He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linghao Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhian Wang
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Li T, Han L, Ma S, Lin W, Ba X, Yan J, Huang Y, Tu S, Qin K. Interaction of gut microbiota with the tumor microenvironment: A new strategy for antitumor treatment and traditional Chinese medicine in colorectal cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1140325. [PMID: 36950522 PMCID: PMC10025541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1140325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Studies reported that changes in the composition of gut microbiota, such as increase in the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter hepaticus, impair the immune surveillance by affecting the intestinal mucosal immunity and increase the risk of tumor initiation and progression. The tumor microenvironment is the soil for tumor survival. Close contacts between gut microbiota and the tumor microenvironment may directly affect the progression of tumors and efficacy of antitumor drugs, thus influencing the prognosis of patients with CRC. Recently, many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can safely and effectively improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs, potentially through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by regulated gut microbiota. This article describes the effect of gut microbiota on the tumor microenvironment and possible mechanisms concerning the initiation and progression of CRC, and summarizes the potential role of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Ma
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Qin,
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12
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Zhang Y, Jiang L, Su P, Yu T, Ma Z, Liu Y, Yu J. Urolithin A suppresses tumor progression and induces autophagy in gastric cancer via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 84:172-184. [PMID: 36477869 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a microbial metabolite of natural polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid with well-established antitumor properties against various malignancies. However, the exact role of UA in gastric cancer (GC) progression remains largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of UA in GC in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that UA could suppress GC cell proliferation, inhibit migration and invasion, promote apoptosis, and induce autophagy via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in vitro. The autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine augmented the inhibitory effect of UA on proliferation and promoted apoptosis, implying that UA mediated the cytoprotective role of autophagy. Meanwhile, the in vivo experiments showed that UA effectively suppressed tumor growth, enhanced the therapeutic effects, and alleviated chemotherapy toxicity in xenograft models. Overall, these findings offer novel insights into the role of UA in tumor therapy and suggest that UA may possess potential therapeutic applications for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Su
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Department of Pathology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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13
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Eidizade F, Soukhtanloo M, Zhiani R, Mehrzad J, Mirzavi F. Inhibition of glioblastoma proliferation, invasion, and migration by Urolithin B through inducing G0/G1 arrest and targeting MMP-2/-9 expression and activity. Biofactors 2022; 49:379-389. [PMID: 36310375 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One kind of brain cancer with a dismal prognosis is called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to its high growth rate and widespread tumor cell invasion into various areas of the brain. To improve therapeutic approaches, the objective of this research investigates the cytotoxic, anti-metastatic, and apoptotic effect of urolithin-B (UB) as a bioactive metabolite of ellagitannins (ETs) on GBM U87 cells. The malignant GBM cell line (U87) was examined for apoptosis rate, cell cycle analysis, cell viability, mRNA expressions of several apoptotic and metastasis-associated genes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MMP-2, and MMP-9 activity and protein expression, and migration ability. The findings revealed that UB decreased U87 GBM viability in a dose-dependent manner and NIH/3T3 normal cells with the IC50 value of 30 and 55 μM after 24 h, respectively. UB also induces necrosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in U87 cells. UB also increases ROS production and caused down-regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax apoptotic genes. Additionally, treatment of UB reduced the migration of U87 cells. The protein levels, mRNA expression, and the MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities also decreased concentration-dependently. So, due to the non-toxic nature of UB and its ability to induce apoptosis and reduce the U87 GBM cell invasion and migration, after more research, it can be regarded as a promising new anti-GBM compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Eidizade
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahele Zhiani
- Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
- New Materials Technology and Processing Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Jamshid Mehrzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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14
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Bruckmann FDS, Nunes FB, Salles TDR, Franco C, Cadoná FC, Bohn Rhoden CR. Biological Applications of Silica-Based Nanoparticles. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022; 8:131. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles have been widely explored in biomedical applications, mainly related to drug delivery and cancer treatment. These nanoparticles have excellent properties, high biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and ease of functionalization. Moreover, silica is used to coat magnetic nanoparticles protecting against acid leaching and aggregation as well as increasing cytocompatibility. This review reports the recent advances of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles focusing on drug delivery, drug target systems, and their use in magnetohyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging. Notwithstanding, the application in other biomedical fields is also reported and discussed. Finally, this work provides an overview of the challenges and perspectives related to the use of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field.
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15
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Gandhi GR, Antony PJ, Ceasar SA, Vasconcelos ABS, Montalvão MM, Farias de Franca MN, Resende ADS, Sharanya CS, Liu Y, Hariharan G, Gan RY. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of ellagitannin-derived urolithins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:280-310. [PMID: 35959701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ellagitannins are vital bioactive polyphenols that are widely distributed in a variety of plant-based foods. The main metabolites of ellagitannins are urolithins, and current research suggests that urolithins provide a variety of health benefits. This review focused on the role of the gut bacteria in the conversion of ellagitannins to urolithins. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the health benefits of urolithins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, kidney protective, and muscle mass protective effects, were thoroughly outlined, with a focus on their associated molecular mechanisms. Finally, we briefly commented on urolithins' safety. Overall, urolithins' diverse health benefits indicate the potential utilization of ellagitannins and urolithins in the creation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to treat and prevent some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamaserry, Kochi, India
| | | | | | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ayane de Sá Resende
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Govindasamy Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) affiliated to the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Nepal Jesuit Society, St. Xavier's College, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur Dt. Kathmandu, Nepal
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Ali A, Ara A, Kashyap MK. Gut microbiota: Role and Association with Tumorigenesis in Different Malignancies. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8087-8107. [PMID: 35543828 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota has been associated with different cancer and may vary from patient to patient. A specific microbial strain can alter the progression of cancer and therapeutic outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. The variations in microbiota contributed due to the individual microbiome of the microorganism are responsible for diverse clinical outcomes. The expansion of microbiota subpopulation during dysbiosis can lead to toxin production, inducing inflammation and cancer. The microbiota can be a dual-edged sword because it can be tumor-suppressive or oncogenic in the case of the gut. The transition of cancer cells from early to late-stage also impacts the composition of the microbiota, and this alteration could change the behavior of cancer. Multi-omics platforms derived data from an individual's multi-dimensional data (DNA, mRNA, microRNA, protein, metabolite, microbiota, and microbiome), i.e., individualome, to exploit it for personalized tailored treatment for different cancers in a precise manner. A number of studies suggest the importance of microbiota and its add-in suitability to existing treatment options for different malignancies. Furthermore, in vitro, and in vivo studies and cancer clinical trials suggest that probiotics have driven modulation of gut microbiota and other sites discourage the aggressive behavior and progression of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altamas Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A central University), Jamia Nagar, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Anam Ara
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A central University), Jamia Nagar, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute/Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Panchgaon (Manesar), Gurugram, HR, 122413, India.
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17
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Urolithins increased anticancer effects of chemical drugs, ionizing radiation and hyperthermia on human esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular compounds to affect the host's digestive ability and resist the risk of infection and autoimmune diseases. Many studies have revealed that intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in human physiology and the development of diseases. Urolithins are kind of intestinal microbiota metabolites of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) with potent biological activity in vivo. However, different individuals have different intestinal flora. According to the different metabolites from ETs and EA, it is divided into three metabo-types including UM-A, UM-B and UM-0. This paper reviews the origin of urolithins, the urolithin producing microorganisms and the effects of urolithins on regulating intestinal diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of urolithins in the homeostasis of intestinal flora and a reference for the scientific utilization of urolithins and foods rich in ETs and EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Lu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zeyuan Gao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuliang Song
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Abstract
In recent years, the role of gut microbial metabolites on the inhibition and progression of cancer has gained significant interest in anticancer research. It has been established that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the development, treatment and prognosis of different cancer types which is often mediated through the gut microbial metabolites. For instance, gut microbial metabolites including bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids and phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites have displayed direct and indirect anticancer activities through different molecular mechanisms. Despite the reported anticancer activity, some gut microbial metabolites including secondary bile acids have exhibited pro-carcinogenic properties. This review draws a critical summary and assessment of the current studies demonstrating the carcinogenic and anticancer activity of gut microbial metabolites and emphasises the need to further investigate the interactions of these metabolites with the immune system as well as the tumour microenvironment in molecular mechanistic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Jaye
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia,CONTACT Deep Jyoti Bhuyan ; NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
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20
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Alkis ME, Akdag MZ, Kandemir I. Influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on chemotherapy and electrochemotherapy efficacy in human Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:177-183. [PMID: 35261297 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2046047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy (CT) has some adverse effects on healthy tissues and cells, it is widely preferred for treating patients with cancer. Drug resistance is one of the major impediments to successful cancer treatment. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a technique where cancer cells are rendered permeable to medications. Thanks to this permeability, the dose of the medication required for cancer treatment decreases. Our aim in this study is to examine the effects of short-term extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on CT and ECT treatments in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The Caco-2 cancer cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 50 µM) and ECT (strength:1125 V/cm, duration:100 µs, frequency:1 Hz), alone as well as in combinations with ELF-MF (4 mT, 10 min). MTT assay was used to determine the efficacy of the treatments. Our findings in the study showed that ECT was much more successful than 5-FU treatment alone in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Application of 4 mT ELF-MF after CT significantly increased the viability of the Caco-2 cancer cells compared to the CT group alone (p < .05). An increase in the viability of cells treated with 4 mT after ECT was observed compared to ECT alone. Similarly, there was an increase in the viability of cells treated with MF prior to ECT treatment (p < .05). The results show that exposure to ELF-MF at 4 mT flux density significantly reduces CT and ECT treatment efficacy in Caco-2 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Esref Alkis
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Irtegun Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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21
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González-Sarrías A, Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Vallejo F, Cattivelli A, del Pozo-Acebo L, Del Saz A, López de las Hazas MC, Dávalos A, Espín JC. Milk-Derived Exosomes as Nanocarriers to Deliver Curcumin and Resveratrol in Breast Tissue and Enhance Their Anticancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052860. [PMID: 35270004 PMCID: PMC8911159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenols are extensively metabolized, limiting their anticancer activity. Exosomes (EXOs) are extracellular vesicles that could protect polyphenols from metabolism. Our objective was to compare the delivery to breast tissue and anticancer activity in breast cancer cell lines of free curcumin (CUR) and resveratrol (RSV) vs. their encapsulation in milk-derived EXOs (EXO-CUR and EXO-RSV). A kinetic breast tissue disposition was performed in rats. CUR and RSV were analyzed using UPLC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS, respectively. Antiproliferative activity was tested in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and MCF-10A non-tumorigenic cells. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, caspases activation, and endocytosis pathways were determined. CUR and RSV peaked in the mammary tissue (41 ± 15 and 300 ± 80 nM, respectively) 6 min after intravenous administration of EXO-CUR and EXO-RSV, but not with equivalent free polyphenol concentrations. Nanomolar EXO-CUR or EXO-RSV concentrations, but not free CUR or RSV, exerted a potent antiproliferative effect on cancer cells with no effect on normal cells. Significant (p < 0.05) cell cycle alteration and pro-apoptotic activity (via the mitochondrial pathway) were observed. EXO-CUR and EXO-RSV entered the cells primarily via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, avoiding ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC). Milk EXOs protected CUR and RSV from metabolism and delivered both polyphenols to the mammary tissue at concentrations compatible with the fast and potent anticancer effects exerted in model cells. Milk EXOs enhanced the bioavailability and anticancer activity of CUR and RSV by acting as Trojan horses that escape from cancer cells’ ABC-mediated chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.E.I.-A.); (A.C.-M.); (F.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlos E. Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.E.I.-A.); (A.C.-M.); (F.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.E.I.-A.); (A.C.-M.); (F.V.); (A.C.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Fernando Vallejo
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.E.I.-A.); (A.C.-M.); (F.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Alice Cattivelli
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.E.I.-A.); (A.C.-M.); (F.V.); (A.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2—Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorena del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.d.P.-A.); (A.D.S.); (M.C.L.d.l.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrea Del Saz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.d.P.-A.); (A.D.S.); (M.C.L.d.l.H.); (A.D.)
| | - María Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.d.P.-A.); (A.D.S.); (M.C.L.d.l.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.d.P.-A.); (A.D.S.); (M.C.L.d.l.H.); (A.D.)
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.-S.); (C.E.I.-A.); (A.C.-M.); (F.V.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zhang M, Cui S, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tang X, Chen W. Ellagic acid and intestinal microflora metabolite urolithin A: A review on its sources, metabolic distribution, health benefits, and biotransformation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6900-6922. [PMID: 35142569 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2036693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foods rich in ellagic tannins are first hydrolyzed into ellagic acid in the stomach and small intestine, and then converted into urolithins with high bioavailability by the intestinal flora. Urolithin has beneficially biological effects, it can induce adipocyte browning, improve cholesterol metabolism, inhibit graft tumor growth, relieve inflammation, and downregulate neuronal amyloid protein formation via the β3-AR/PKA/p38MAPK, ERK/AMPKα/SREBP1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and TLR4, AHR receptors. But differences have been reported in urolithin production capacity among different individuals. Thus, it is of great significance to explore the biological functions of urolithin, screen the strains responsible for biotransformation of urolithin, and explore the corresponding functional genes. Tannin acyl hydrolase can hydrolyze tannins into ellagic acid, and the genera Gordonibacter and Ellagibacter can metabolize ellagic acid into urolithins. Therefore, application of "single bacterium", "single bacterium + enzyme", and "microflora" can achieve biotransformation of urolithin A. In this review, the source and metabolic pathway of ellagic tannins, and the mechanisms of the biological function of a metabolite, urolithin A, are discussed. The current strategies of biotransformation to obtain urolithin A are expounded to provide ideas for further studies on the relationship between urolithin and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P. R China
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23
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Huang X, Li M, Hou S, Tian B. Role of the microbiome in systemic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:101. [PMID: 34738624 PMCID: PMC8577795 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has revealed that the microbiome serves a role in all aspects of cancer, particularly cancer treatment. To date, studies investigating the relationship between the microbiome and systemic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are lacking. PDAC is a high‑mortality malignancy (5‑year survival rate; <9% for all stages). Systemic therapy is one of the most important treatment choices for all patients; however, resistance or toxicity can affect its efficacy. Studies have supported the hypothesis that the microbiome is closely associated with the response to systemic therapy in PDAC, including the induction of drug resistance, or toxicity and therapy‑related changes in microbiota composition. The present review comprehensively summarized the role of the microbiome in systemic therapy for PDAC and the associated molecular mechanisms in an attempt to provide a novel direction for the improvement of treatment response and proposed potential directions for in‑depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengzhong Hou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Not a Major Modulating Factor in the Cytotoxic Response to Natural Products in Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195858. [PMID: 34641401 PMCID: PMC8512490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products exhibit antiproliferative activity against cancer cells by modulating various biological pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential use of eight natural compounds (apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, forskolin, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, urolithin A) and two repurposed agents (fulvestrant and metformin) as chemotherapy enhancers and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) inducers of cancer cells. Screening of these compounds in various colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed anti-cancer activity for all compounds, with curcumin being the most effective among these in all cell lines. Although some of the natural products were able to induce MET in some cancer cell lines, the MET induction was not related to increased synergy with either 5-FU, irinotecan, gemcitabine, or gefitinib. When synergy was observed, for example with curcumin and irinotecan, this was unrelated to MET induction, as assessed by changes in E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Our results show that MET induction is compound and cell line specific, and that MET is not necessarily related to enhanced chemosensitivity.
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25
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Hasheminezhad SH, Boozari M, Iranshahi M, Yazarlu O, Sahebkar A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M. A mechanistic insight into the biological activities of urolithins as gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins. Phytother Res 2021; 36:112-146. [PMID: 34542202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are the gut metabolites produced from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates, tea, walnuts, as well as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cloudberries. Urolithins are of growing interest due to their various biological activities including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer properties, antidiabetic activity, and antiaging properties. Several studies mostly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated the potential mechanisms of urolithins which support the beneficial effects of urolithins in the treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and various cancers. It is now obvious that urolithins can involve several cellular mechanisms including inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and suppressing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. Antiaging activity is the most appealing and probably the most important property of urolithin A that has been investigated in depth in recent studies, owing to its unique effects on activation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. A recent clinical trial showed that urolithin A is safe up to 2,500 mg/day and can improve mitochondrial biomarkers in elderly patients. Regarding the importance of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of many diseases, urolithins merit further research especially in clinical trials to unravel more aspects of their clinical significance. Besides the nutritional value of urolithins, recent studies proved that urolithins can be used as pharmacological agents to prevent or cure several diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the potential role of urolithins as new therapeutic agents with a special focus on the molecular pathways that have been involved in their biological effects. The pharmacokinetics of urolithins is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Yazarlu
- Department of General Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Laborda-Illanes A, Otero A, Ordóñez R, González-González A, Plaza-Andrades I, Ramos-Molina B, Gómez-Millán J, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Relationships of Gut Microbiota Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyamines with the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9549. [PMID: 34502456 PMCID: PMC8430739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may influence the drug efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients during cancer treatment by modulating drug metabolism and the host immune response. Moreover, gut microbiota can produce metabolites that may influence tumor proliferation and therapy responsiveness. In this study we have investigated the potential contribution of the gut microbiota and microbial-derived metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and polyamines to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) outcome in CRC patients. First, we established a profile for healthy gut microbiota by comparing the microbial diversity and composition between CRC patients and healthy controls. Second, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gut microbiota composition of CRC patients was relatively stable over treatment time with neoadjuvant RCT. Nevertheless, treated patients who achieved clinical benefits from RTC (responders, R) had significantly higher microbial diversity and richness compared to non-responder patients (NR). Importantly, the fecal microbiota of the R was enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria and had significantly higher levels of acetic, butyric, isobutyric, and hexanoic acids than NR. In addition, NR patients exhibited higher serum levels of spermine and acetyl polyamines (oncometabolites related to CRC) as well as zonulin (gut permeability marker), and their gut microbiota was abundant in pro-inflammatory species. Finally, we identified a baseline consortium of five bacterial species that could potentially predict CRC treatment outcome. Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiota may have an important role in the response to cancer therapies in CRC patients.
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Grants
- CPI13/00003 Miguel Servet Type II" program, ISCIII, Spain; co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER
- C-0030-2018 "Nicolas Monardes" research program of the Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
- CP19/00098 Miguel Servet Type I" program, ISCIII, Spain; co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER
- PE-0106-2019 Predoctoral grant from the Consejería de Salud y Familia, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Andalucia, Spain
- FI19-00112 predoctoral grant PFIS-ISCIII, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
- PI15/00256 Institute of Health "Carlos III" (ISCIII), co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Aurora Laborda-Illanes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Ana Otero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Rafael Ordóñez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - Alicia González-González
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Isaac Plaza-Andrades
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Grupo de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jaime Gómez-Millán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.O.); (R.O.)
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (A.L.-I.); (A.G.-G.); (I.P.-A.)
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Strawberry tree honey in combination with 5-fluorouracil enhances chemosensitivity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112484. [PMID: 34389368 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a challenging health burden worldwide. This study aimed to assess the potentiality of Strawberry tree honey (STH), a polyphenol-enriched food, to increase the effectiveness of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) and metastatic (LoVo) colon cancer cell lines. The combined treatment reduced cell viability and caused oxidative stress, by increasing oxidative biomarkers and decreasing antioxidant defence, in a more potent way compared to 5-FU alone. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ATF-6, XBP-1) and MAPK (p-p38 MAPK, p-ERK1/2) markers were also elevated after the combined treatment, enhancing the cell cycle arrest through the modulation of regulatory genes (i.e., cyclins and CDKs). Apoptotic gene (i.e., caspases) expressions were also increased after the combined treatment, while those of proliferation (i.e., EGFR), cell migration, invasion (i.e., matrix metallopeptidase) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (N-cadherin, β-catenin) were suppressed. Finally, the combined treatment led cell metabolism towards a quiescent stage, by reducing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. In conclusion, this work represents an initial step to highlight the possibility to use STH in combination with 5-FU in the treatment of colon cancer, even if further in vitro an in vivo studies are strongly needed to confirm the possible chemo-sensitizing effects of STH.
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28
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Punicalagin in Cancer Prevention-Via Signaling Pathways Targeting. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082733. [PMID: 34444893 PMCID: PMC8400644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) has been applied in medicine since ancient times due to its broad-spectrum health-beneficial properties. It is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins, exhibiting strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Anticancer activities of pomegranate with reference to modulated signaling pathways in various cancer diseases have been recently reviewed. However, less is known about punicalagin (Pug), a prevailing compound in pomegranate, seemingly responsible for its most beneficial properties. In this review, the newest data derived from recent scientific reports addressing Pug impact on neoplastic cells are summarized and discussed. Its attenuating effect on signaling circuits promoting cancer growth and invasion is depicted. The Pug-induced redirection of signal-transduction pathways from survival and proliferation into cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy (thus compromising neoplastic progression) is delineated. Considerations presented in this review are based mainly on data obtained from in vitro cell line models and concern the influence of Pug on human cervical, ovarian, breast, lung, thyroid, colorectal, central nervous system, bone, as well as other cancer types.
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29
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Huang X, Chen L, Li Z, Zheng B, Liu N, Fang Q, Jiang J, Rao T, Ouyang D. The efficacy and toxicity of antineoplastic antimetabolites: Role of gut microbiota. Toxicology 2021; 460:152858. [PMID: 34273448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer are rapidly growing all over the world. Nowadays, antineoplastic antimetabolites still play a key role in the chemotherapy of cancer. However, the interindividual variations in the efficacy and toxicity of antineoplastic antimetabolites are nonnegligible challenges to their clinical applications. Although many studies have focused on genetic variation, the reasons for these interindividual variations have still not been fully understood. Gut microbiota is reported to be associated with the efficacy and toxicity of antineoplastic antimetabolites. In this review, we summarize the interaction of antineoplastic antimetabolites on gut microbiota and the influences of shifted gut microbiota profiles on the efficacy and toxicity of antineoplastic antimetabolites. The factors affecting the efficacy and toxicity of antineoplastic antimetabolites via gut microbiota are also discussed. In addition, we present our viewpoints that regulating the gut microbiota may increase the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of antineoplastic antimetabolites. This will help us better understand the new mechanism via gut microbiota and promote individualized use of antineoplastic antimetabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, 411000, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; Department of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Binjie Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China; Sanjin Group Hunan Sanjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 320 Deshan Road, Hunan, 415000, PR China
| | - Tai Rao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
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30
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Al-Harbi SA, Abdulrahman AO, Zamzami MA, Khan MI. Urolithins: The Gut Based Polyphenol Metabolites of Ellagitannins in Cancer Prevention, a Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:647582. [PMID: 34164422 PMCID: PMC8215145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.647582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer as a disease continues to ravage the world population without regard to sex, age, and race. Due to the growing number of cases worldwide, cancer exerts a significant negative impact on global health and the economy. Interestingly, chemotherapy has been used over the years as a therapeutic intervention against cancer. However, high cost, resistance, and toxic by-effects to treatment have overshadowed some of its benefits. In recent times, efforts have been ongoing in searching for anticancer therapeutics of plant origin, focusing on polyphenols. Urolithins are secondary polyphenol metabolites derived from the gut microbial action on ellagitannins and ellagic acid-rich foods such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Urolithins are emerging as a new class of anticancer compounds that can mediate their cancer-preventive activities through cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibition, induction of apoptosis, tumor suppression, promotion of autophagy, and senescence, transcriptional regulation of oncogenes, and growth factor receptors. In this review, we discussed the growing shreds of evidence supporting these secondary phenolic metabolites' anticancer properties. Furthermore, we have pointed out some of the future directions needed to establish urolithins as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Milczarek M, Pogorzelska A, Wiktorska K. Synergistic Interaction between 5-FU and an Analog of Sulforaphane-2-Oxohexyl Isothiocyanate-In an In Vitro Colon Cancer Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103019. [PMID: 34069385 PMCID: PMC8158758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is based on the beneficial effects of pharmacodynamic interaction (synergistic or additive) between combined drugs or substances. A considerable group of candidates for combined treatments are natural compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates) and their analogs, which are tested in combination with anticancer drugs. We tested the anticancer effect of the combined treatment of isothiocyanate 2-oxohexyl isothiocyanate and 5-fluorouracil in colon and prostate cancer cell lines. The type of interaction was described using the Chou-Talalay method. The cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of the most promising combined treatments were investigated. In conclusion, we showed that combined treatment with 5-fluorouracil and 2-oxohexyl isothiocyanate acted synergistically in colon cancer. This activity is dependent on the cytostatic properties of the tested compounds and leads to the intensification of their individual cytotoxic activity. The apoptotic process is considered to be the main mechanism of cytotoxicity in this combined treatment.
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32
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El-Wetidy MS, Ahmad R, Rady I, Helal H, Rady MI, Vaali-Mohammed MA, Al-Khayal K, Traiki TB, Abdulla MH. Urolithin A induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2, increasing p53-p21 proteins and reactive oxygen species production in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:473-493. [PMID: 33666815 PMCID: PMC8065090 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer globally. Prevention of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis is vital for prolonging patient survival. Polyphenols provide a wide range of health benefits and prevention from cancer. In the gut, urolithins are the major metabolites of polyphenols. The objective of our study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anticancer effect of urolithin A (UA) on colorectal cancer cells. UA was found to inhibit the cell proliferation of CRC cell lines in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in HT29, SW480, and SW620 cells. Exposure to UA resulted in cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner along with alteration in the expression of cell cycle-related protein. Treatment of CRC cell lines with UA resulted in the induction of apoptosis. Treatment of HT29, SW480, and SW620 with UA resulted in increased expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, p53 and p21. Similarly, UA treatment inhibited the anti-apoptotic protein expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, exposure of UA induced cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Furthermore, UA was found to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CRC cells. These findings indicate that UA possesses anticancer potential and may be used therapeutically for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S El-Wetidy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
- College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Islam Rady
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hamed Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
| | - Mohamad I Rady
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
| | - Mansoor-Ali Vaali-Mohammed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khayal Al-Khayal
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 7805 (37), Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Feng W, Liu J, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Targeting gut microbiota for precision medicine: Focusing on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Theranostics 2020; 10:11278-11301. [PMID: 33042283 PMCID: PMC7532689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interindividual variation in drug responses is one major reason for the failure of drug therapy, drug toxicity, and even the death of patients. Precision medicine, or personalized medicine, is a field of medicine that customizes an individual's medical diagnosis and treatment based on his/her genes, microbiomes, environments, etc. Over the past decade, a large number of studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can modify the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and the extent of the modification varies greatly from person to person because of the variability of the gut microbiota. Personalized manipulation of gut microbiota is an important approach to rectify the abnormal drug response. In this review, we aim to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity by combining precision medicine and gut microbiota. After describing the interactions between gut microbiota and xenobiotics, we discuss (1) the effects of gut microbiota on drug efficacy and toxicity and the corresponding mechanisms, (2) the variability of gut microbiota, which leads to variation in drug responses, (3) the biomarkers used for the patient stratification and treatment decisions before the use of drugs, and (4) the methods used for the personalized manipulation of gut microbiota to improve drug outcomes. Overall, we hope to improve the drug response by incorporating the knowledge of gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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34
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Peiffer DS. Modulation of the host microbiome by black raspberries or their components and the therapeutic implications in cancer. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Peiffer
- Health Sciences Division Loyola University Chicago Maywood Illinois
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35
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Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J. Potential of the ellagic acid-derived gut microbiota metabolite - Urolithin A in gastrointestinal protection. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3170-3181. [PMID: 32684733 PMCID: PMC7336321 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i23.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a metabolic compound generated during the biotransformation of ellagitannins by the intestinal bacteria. The physiologically relevant micromolar concentrations of UA, achieved in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract (GI) after consumption of its dietary precursors, have been revealed to offer GI protection. The health benefit has been demonstrated to be principally related to anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. UA has been shown to possess the capability to regulate multiple tumor and inflammatory signaling pathways and to modulate enzyme activity, including those involved in carcinogen biotransformation and antioxidant defense. The purpose of this review is to gather evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies showing the potential of UA in GI protection alongside suggested mechanisms by which UA can protect against cancer and inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. The data presented herein, covering both studies on the pure compound and in vivo generated UA form its natural precursor, support the potential of this metabolite in treatment interventions against GI ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60631, Poland
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36
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Inamura K. Gut microbiota contributes towards immunomodulation against cancer: New frontiers in precision cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:11-23. [PMID: 32580023 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota influences human health and the development of diverse diseases, including cancer. Microbes can influence tumor initiation and development in either a positive or negative manner. In addition, the composition of the gut microbiota affects the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapeutics as well as therapeutic resistance. The striking impact of microbiota on oncogenesis and cancer therapy provides compelling evidence to support the notion that manipulating microbial networks represents a promising strategy for treating and preventing cancer. Specific microbes or the microbial ecosystem can be modified via a multiplicity of processes, and therapeutic methods and approaches have been evolving. Microbial manipulation can be applied as an adjunct to traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, this approach displays great promise as a stand-alone therapy following the failure of standard therapy. Moreover, such strategies may also benefit patients by avoiding the emergence of toxic side effects that result in treatment discontinuation. A better understanding of the host-microbial ecosystem in patients with cancer, together with the development of methodologies for manipulating the microbiome, will help expand the frontiers of precision cancer therapeutics, thereby improving patient care. This review discusses the roles of the microbiota in oncogenesis and cancer therapy, with a focus on efforts to harness the microbiota to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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37
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Alauddin M, Okumura T, Rajaxavier J, Khozooei S, Pöschel S, Takeda S, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Wallwiener D, Koch A, Salker MS. Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A Decreases Actin Polymerization and Migration in Cancer Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900390. [PMID: 31976617 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Urolithin A (UA) is a gut-derived bacterial metabolite from ellagic acid found in pomegranates, berries, and nuts can downregulate cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation and cell motility require actin reorganization, which is under control of ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and p21 protein-activated kinase 1 (PAK1). The present study explores whether UA can modify actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. METHODS The effect of UA on globular over filamentous actin ratio is determined utilizing Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Rac1 and PAK1 levels are measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. As a result, a 24 h treatment with UA (20 µm) significantly decreased Rac1 and PAK1 transcript levels and activity, depolymerized actin and wound healing. The effect of UA on actin polymerization is mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 and PAK1. The effect is also mirrored by knock down using siRNA. CONCLUSION UA leads to disruption of Rac1 and Pak1 activity with subsequent actin depolymerization and migration. Thus, use of dietary UA in cancer prevention or as adjuvant therapy is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Alauddin
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Janet Rajaxavier
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Shayan Khozooei
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Simone Pöschel
- Image Stream Core Facility, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Diethelm Wallwiener
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
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38
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Costea T, Vlad OC, Miclea LC, Ganea C, Szöllősi J, Mocanu MM. Alleviation of Multidrug Resistance by Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Compounds in Breast, Lung, Colorectal and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E401. [PMID: 31936346 PMCID: PMC7013436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the manuscript is to discuss the influence of plant polyphenols in overcoming multidrug resistance in four types of solid cancers (breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer). Effective treatment requires the use of multiple toxic chemotherapeutic drugs with different properties and targets. However, a major cause of cancer treatment failure and metastasis is the development of multidrug resistance. Potential mechanisms of multidrug resistance include increase of drug efflux, drug inactivation, detoxification mechanisms, modification of drug target, inhibition of cell death, involvement of cancer stem cells, dysregulation of miRNAs activity, epigenetic variations, imbalance of DNA damage/repair processes, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and modulation of reactive oxygen species. Taking into consideration that synthetic multidrug resistance agents have failed to demonstrate significant survival benefits in patients with different types of cancer, recent research have focused on beneficial effects of natural compounds. Several phenolic compounds (flavones, phenolcarboxylic acids, ellagitannins, stilbens, lignans, curcumin, etc.) act as chemopreventive agents due to their antioxidant capacity, inhibition of proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses or inactivation of pro-carcinogens. Moreover, preclinical and clinical studies revealed that these compounds prevent multidrug resistance in cancer by modulating different pathways. Additional research is needed regarding the role of phenolic compounds in the prevention of multidrug resistance in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Cezara Vlad
- Department of Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Luminita-Claudia Miclea
- Department of Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Excellence Center in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanta Ganea
- Department of Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.V.); (C.G.)
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.V.); (C.G.)
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39
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Abu Shawish HM, Abu Ghalwa N, Al-Kashef ID, Saadeh SM, Abed Almonem KI. Extraordinary enhancement of a 5-fluorouracil electrode by praepagen HY micellar solutions. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Chen P, Lei J, Chen F, Zhou B. Ameliorative effect of urolithin A ond-gal-induced liver and kidney damage in aging miceviaits antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8027-8038. [PMID: 35497859 PMCID: PMC9049876 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A, a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The present study investigates the protective effects of urolithin A (Uro A) on d-galactose (d-gal)-induced liver and kidney injury and the possible mechanisms in mice. In this study, we first investigated the antioxidant ability of Uro A in vitro. Then mice were treated with d-gal subcutaneously (150 mg kg−1 d−1), followed by Uro A at different dosages (50, 100, 150 mg kg−1 d−1, administered orally) for 8 weeks. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in the serum were tested. Histopathological features were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining followed by an assessment of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, we also evaluated the expression levels of the genes Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the liver and kidney. The results showed that Uro A treatment obviously attenuated d-gal-induced liver and kidney damage. The beneficial effects of Uro A were accompanied by a decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a rise in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in the liver and kidney and downregulation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in serum. Moreover, Uro A could modulate the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the livers and kidneys of aging mice. These findings suggested that Uro A ameliorated d-gal-induced liver and kidney injury through attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Urolithin A, a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy
- Dongfeng Hospital
- Hubei University of Medicine
- Shiyan
- P. R. China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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41
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Phan ADT, Williams BA, Netzel G, Mikkelsen D, D'Arcy BR, Gidley MJ. Independent fermentation and metabolism of dietary polyphenols associated with a plant cell wall model. Food Funct 2020; 11:2218-2230. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02987g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of polyphenol degradation are not influenced by the presence of plant cell walls during in vitro fermentation, but co-fermentation of cell walls may lead to faster microbial metabolism of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. T. Phan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - B. A. Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - G. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - D. Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - B. R. D'Arcy
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - M. J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
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42
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Norden E, Heiss EH. Urolithin A gains in antiproliferative capacity by reducing the glycolytic potential via the p53/TIGAR axis in colon cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:93-101. [PMID: 30418550 PMCID: PMC6412115 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have shown promising bioactivity in experimental in vitro and in vivo models for cancer chemoprevention. However, consumed orally, they are often transformed by gut microbes into new active principles with so far incompletely deciphered molecular mechanisms. Here, enterolacton, S-equol and urolithin A as representatives of metabolites of lignans, isoflavones and ellagitannins, respectively, were examined for their impact on HCT116 colon cancer cell growth, cooperativity with oxaliplatin and p53 dependency in vitro. Whereas enterolacton and S-equol (≤60 µM) did not elicit growth inhibition or positive cooperativity with oxaliplatin, urolithin A showed an IC50 value of 19 µM (72 h) and synergism with oxaliplatin. Urolithin A induced p53 stabilization and p53 target gene expression, and absence of p53 significantly dampened the antiproliferative effect of urolithin A (IC50(p53-/-) = 38 µM). P53 was dispensable for the G2/M arrest in HCT116 cells but required for induction of a senescence-like phenotype upon long-term exposure and for the observed synergism with oxaliplatin. Moreover, extracellular flux analyses and knockdown approaches uncovered a reduced glycolytic potential via the p53/TIGAR axis which was linked to the higher susceptibility of wildtype cells to urolithin A. Overall, the p53 status turned out to be an important determinant for the potential benefit of dietary ellagitannins in cancer chemoprevention or use in adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Norden
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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43
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44
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Chen SJ, Chung YC, Chang HL, Chang HP, Chou JL, Lin CC, Chen CH, Hsu CP. Synergistic Effect of Combined Treatment with Longan Flower Extract and 5-Fluorouracil on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:209-217. [PMID: 31179754 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1622739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of longan flower extract (LFE) on the sensitization of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment, HT-29, Colo 320DM and SW480 cells were treated with LFE and 5-FU alone and in combination, and the cell viability was then assessed by trypan blue exclusion, the cell cycle by propidium iodide staining, the mitochondria membrane potential by rhodamine 123 staining, and the expression levels of associated genes by immunoblotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LFE and 5-FU synergistically inhibited cell proliferation of HT-29 and Colo 320DM cells. Combined treatment also elevated the level of loss of mitochondria membrane potential of these two CRC cells and arrested HT-29 cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, in association with down-regulation of cyclin A mRNA expression. LFE synergistically potentiated chemosensitivity to 5-FU in at least two CRC cell lines. The results indicated that LFE has potential as a novel agent for the sensitization of CRC cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Jung Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Han-Lung Chang
- Department of Surgery, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Chou
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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45
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Microbiota transplantation: Targeting cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Gad SF, El-Demerdash SH, El-Mehasseb IM, El-Nahas AM. Structure, stability and conversions of tautomers and rotamers of azulene-based uracil analogue. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Yang W, Gu J, Wang X, Wang Y, Feng M, Zhou D, Guo J, Zhou M. Inhibition of circular RNA CDR1as increases chemosensitivity of 5-FU-resistant BC cells through up-regulating miR-7. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3166-3177. [PMID: 30884120 PMCID: PMC6484300 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the mechanism of Circular RNA CDR1as implicating in regulating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity in breast cancer (BC) by competitively inhibiting miR-7 to regulate CCNE1. Expressions of CDR1as and miR-7 in 5-FU-resistant BC cells were determined by RT-PCR. CCK-8, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were applied to measure half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), 5-Fu chemosensitivity and cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related factors. CDR1as was elevated while miR-7 was inhibited in 5-FU-resistant BC cells. Cells transfected with si-CDR1as or miR-7 mimic had decreased IC50 and colony formation rate, increased expressions of Bax/Bcl2 and cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3, indicating inhibition of CDR1as and overexpression of miR-7 enhances the chemosensitity of 5-FU-resistant BC cells. Targetscan software indicates a binding site of CDR1as and miR-7 and that CCNE1 is a target gene of miR-7. miR-7 can gather CDR1as in BC cells and can inhibit CCNE1. In comparison to si-CDR1as group, CCNE1 was increased and chemosensitivity to 5-Fu was suppressed in si-CDR1as + miR-7 inhibitor group. When compared with miR-7 mimic group, CDR1as + miR-7 mimic group had increased CCNE1 and decreased chemosensitivity to 5-Fu. Nude mouse model of BC demonstrated that the growth of xenotransplanted tumour in si-CDR1as + miR-7 inhibitor group was faster than that in si-CDR1as group. The tumour growth in CDR1as + miR-7 mimic group was faster than that in miR-7 mimic group. CDR1as may regulate chemosensitivity of 5-FU-resistant BC cells by inhibiting miR-7 to regulate CCNE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, The Medical School of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biology, College of Arts & Science, Massachusetts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co.,Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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48
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Cheng K, Dong W, Long Y, Zhao J, Hu R, Zhang Y, Zhu K. Evaluation of the impact of different drying methods on the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro digestion of green coffee beans. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1084-1095. [PMID: 30918651 PMCID: PMC6418437 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different drying methods (room temperature drying, heat pump drying, freeze drying, microwave vacuum drying [MVD], and combined microwave power vacuum drying) on the active ingredients of green coffee beans. We specifically focused on eleven phenolic acids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (LPO), and enzyme activity, and the bio-accessibility in vitro and bioavailability of phenolics and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. MVD-treated beans had the lowest PPO activity and the highest contents of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (1.39 g/100 g DW), 3-feruloylquinic acid (0.25 g/100 g DW), 4-feruloylquinic acid (0.25 g/100 g DW), 5-feruloylquinic acid (1.52 g/100 g DW), and TPC (5.98 g GAE/100 g DW), and the highest antioxidant activity. MVD was the least time-consuming (0.63 hr/kg) and energy-consuming (1.88 kwh/kg) method. Moreover, the strongest inhibition of LPO and α-glucosidase was observed in MVD-treated beans. Thus, MVD is suggested to be the most suitable drying technique for the preservation of phenolic compounds and bioactivities of green coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Spice and Beverage Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenjiang Dong
- Spice and Beverage Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
| | - Yuzhou Long
- Spice and Beverage Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesDanzhouChina
| | - Rongsuo Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Spice and Beverage Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
| | - Kexue Zhu
- Spice and Beverage Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesWanningChina
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49
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The Phenolic compound Kaempferol overcomes 5-fluorouracil resistance in human resistant LS174 colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:195. [PMID: 30655588 PMCID: PMC6336835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy is a major cause of therapeutic failure in colon cancer cure. Development of combined therapies constitutes an effective strategy to inhibit cancer cells and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. For this purpose, we investigated the anti-tumoral effect of thirteen phenolic compounds, from the Tunisian quince Cydonia oblonga Miller, alone or combined to 5-FU, on the human 5-FU-resistant LS174-R colon cancer cells in comparison to parental cells. Our results showed that only Kaempferol was able to chemo-sensitize 5-FU-resistant LS174-R cells. This phenolic compound combined with 5-FU exerted synergistic inhibitory effect on cell viability. This combination enhanced the apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest of both chemo-resistant and sensitive cells through impacting the expression levels of different cellular effectors. Kaempferol also blocked the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulated the expression of JAK/STAT3, MAPK, PI3K/AKT and NF-κB. In silico docking analysis suggested that the potent anti-tumoral effect of Kaempferol, compared to its two analogs (Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and Kampferol 3-O-rutinoside), can be explained by the absence of glucosyl groups. Overall, our data propose Kaempferol as a potential chemotherapeutic agent to be used alone or in combination with 5-FU to overcome colon cancer drug resistance.
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50
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Serreli G, Deiana M. In vivoformed metabolites of polyphenols and their biological efficacy. Food Funct 2019; 10:6999-7021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of polyphenols are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Being bioavailable, they may play an important role in preventing degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
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