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Jedrejek D, Pawelec S. Comprehensive Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids in Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) Flowers and Food Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17368-17376. [PMID: 39056175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale, a cosmopolitan perennial, is widely used as an edible, fodder, honey, and medicinal plant. Interestingly, detailed LC-QTOF-MS profiling of the flower extract revealed the presence of several flavonoid signals, most likely lacking literature confirmation. Targeted isolation, including extraction based on DoE planning, led to the isolation of 11 flavonoids, three of which were new (16, 18, and 33). Their structures were determined by the NMR technique. Both biflavones (16 and 18) were structured by two luteolin molecules, linked by a C-C bond through IB (C-6') and IIA (C-6″ or C-8″) rings. Novel flavonolignan (33) was composed of tricin and an unusual carboxyl function containing a lignan moiety. The content of 28 flavonoids (glycosides, aglycones, biflavones, and flavonolignans) was determined by the LC-MS/MS method in raw flowers and dandelion syrups and tincture. Multivariate analyses showed the separation of spring and autumn flowers and a high diversity of food products and helped to identify metabolites correlated with the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Jedrejek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8 Str., Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawelec
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8 Str., Puławy 24-100, Poland
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Ambroselli D, Masciulli F, Romano E, Guerrini R, Ingallina C, Spano M, Mannina L. NMR Metabolomics of Arctium lappa L. , Taraxacum officinale and Melissa officinalis: A Comparison of Spontaneous and Organic Ecotypes. Foods 2024; 13:1642. [PMID: 38890870 PMCID: PMC11171743 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Officinal plants are a source of metabolites whose chemical composition depends on pedoclimatic conditions. In this study, the NMR-based approach was applied to investigate the impacts of different altitudes and agronomical practices (Land, Mountain Spontaneous, and Organically Grown Ecotypes, namely LSE, MSE, and OE, respectively) on the metabolite profiles of Burdock root, Dandelion root and aerial part, and Lemon balm aerial part. Sugars, amino acids, organic acids, polyphenols, fatty acids, and other metabolites were identified and quantified in all samples. Some metabolites turned out to be tissue-specific markers. Arginine was found in roots, whereas myo-inositol, galactose, glyceroyldigalactose moiety, pheophytin, and chlorophyll were identified in aerial parts. Caftaric and chicoric acids, 3,5 di-caffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids were detected in Dandelion, Burdock and Lemon balm, respectively. The metabolite amount changed significantly according to crop, tissue type, and ecotype. All ecotypes of Burdock had the highest contents of amino acids and the lowest contents of organic acids, whereas an opposite trend was observed in Lemon balm. Dandelion parts contained high levels of carbohydrates, except for the MSE aerial part, which showed the highest content of organic acids. The results provided insights into the chemistry of officinal plants, thus supporting nutraceutical-phytopharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Ambroselli
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.); (E.R.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMR Lab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Masciulli
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.); (E.R.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMR Lab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romano
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.); (E.R.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMR Lab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero Guerrini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516—LASIRE—Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.); (E.R.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMR Lab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Spano
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.); (E.R.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMR Lab), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Food Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.); (E.R.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
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Xu X, Wang X, Xie P. Screening and unveiling antibacterial mechanism of dandelion phenolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting intracellular Na +-K + ATPase based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38174403 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently food-contaminated incidence of healthcare-associated Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial function and mechanism of phenolic compounds from dandelion are still unclear. Herein, this work aims to screen one of dandelion phenolic extracts with the strongest antibacterial function from its organ such as flower, stem, leaf and root, and to reveal its antibacterial mechanism. The results indicated dandelion flower phenolic extract (DFPE) containing the highest content of caffeic acid, followed by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. They, especially caffeic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, played a key role in making the bacterial cellular-membrane ruptured against the bacteria. The leakage of the intracellular substances (adenosine triphosphate and Na+-K+ ATPase) was further confirmed. Conventional hydrogen bond, pi-anion, pi-alkyl were involved in the interaction between caffeic acid or luteolin-7-O-glucoside and Na+-K+ ATPase. Additionally, the dynamic equilibrium of the liganded ATPase complex were achieved after 105 ns, and the lower values from the radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area in the complex demonstrated the highly tight and compact structure of the liganded protein. The highest free binding energy (ΔGbind = -47.80 kJ/mol) between Na+-K+ ATPase and luteolin-7-O-glycloside was observed. Overall, DFPE can be used as an effective anti-bacterial agent due to the contribution of its bioactive ingredients such as caffeic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside for membrane-breaking.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
| | - Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
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Fan M, Zhang X, Song H, Zhang Y. Dandelion ( Taraxacum Genus): A Review of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects. Molecules 2023; 28:5022. [PMID: 37446683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dandelion (Taraxacum genus) is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. As a well-known and extensively studied genus, dandelion comprises numerous species. Some species have been widely used in both complementary and alternative medicine to clear heat, detoxify, activate blood circulation, dispel stasis, and discharge urine. Multiple pharmacological studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential, including anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-rheumatic activities. Furthermore, bioactive compounds associated with these effects include sesquiterpenoids, phenolic compounds, essential oils, saccharides, flavonoids, sphingolipids, triterpenoids, sterols, coumarins, etc. Based on recent studies about the Taraxacum genus, the present review critically evaluates the current state of dandelion utilization and summarizes the significant roles of dandelion and its constituents in different diseases. We also focus on the reported phytology, chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicity of dandelion, along with the main possible action mechanisms behind their therapeutic activities. Meanwhile, the challenges and future directions of the Taraxacum genus are also prospected in this review, thus highlighting its pharmaceutical research and practical clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Sanitation Test Center, Pingliang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingliang 744000, China
| | - Huaping Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000, China
| | - Yakong Zhang
- Sanitation Test Center, Pingliang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingliang 744000, China
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Huđek Turković A, Durgo K, Čučković F, Ledenko I, Krizmanić T, Martinić A, Vojvodić Cebin A, Komes D, Milić M. Reduction of oral pathogens and oxidative damage in the CAL 27 cell line by Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Taraxacum officinale Web. Extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116761. [PMID: 37301304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are treasured botanicals with a long usage history in traditional herbal practices worldwide. Dandelion was used to treat kidney, spleen, and liver disease, as well as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and bacterial infections, whereas rosemary was used to treat pain, spasms, and to improve blood circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine the influence of rosemary and dandelion leaves aqueous extracts on the human tongue epithelial carcinoma cell line (CAL 27) at the level of interaction between oral microbiota and tongue epithelial cells, genomic damage, and H2O2 - induced oxidative damage protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyphenolic composition of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses. After extract treatment, cytotoxic impact and ROS generation in CAL 27 cells were measured using the MTT assay and the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, respectively. Microdilutions were applied to investigate the antimicrobial and adhesive properties against representatives of the oral microbiota. The single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN cyt) were used to detect induced genomic damages. RESULTS Both extracts increased the adhesion of the lactic acid bacteria L. plantarum but decreased the adhesion of the bacterial pathogens S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT21 and E. coli K-12 MG1655 adhesion onto CAL 27 cells. 1 h treatment with 5x concentrated dandelion extract and 1x, 2.5x, and 5x of rosemary extract caused an increase in comet tail intensity. CBMN cyt results demonstrated a significant increase in micronucleus formation even at concentrations several times lower than the usual bioactive compound concentrations found in a cup of beverage, with higher concentrations also inducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Rosemary extract showed a protective effect against H2O2 - induced oxidative damage by decreasing the apoptotic cell number, probably preventing mutations leading to tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Both tested extracts demonstrated their usefulness in maintaining good oral bacteria balance and their protective capability as powerful antitumor agents by causing a protective apoptotic effect in tumor cell line already at the dosage of an average daily cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Huđek Turković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ksenija Durgo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Florentina Čučković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Ledenko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tena Krizmanić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arijana Martinić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Draženka Komes
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Acero N, Muñoz-Mingarro D, Navarro I, León-González AJ, Martín-Cordero C. Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Acanthus mollis L. Rhizome Hexane Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:159. [PMID: 37259310 PMCID: PMC9966330 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhizomes of Acanthus mollis have traditionally been used for the treatment of several ailments involving inflammation. However, to the best of our knowledge, their chemical composition and pharmacological properties have not been studied until now. As a first approach, this study analyses the A. mollis rhizome hexane extract phytochemistry and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities in HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cell culture assays. Chemical profiling was performed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry without the modification of native molecules. Free phytosterols (such as β-sitosterol) account for 70% of detected compounds. The anti-inflammatory capacity of the rhizome extract of A. mollis is mediated by the decrease in the NO production in RAW 264.7 that has previously been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HepG2 pre-treatment with the rhizome extract prevents any damage being caused by oxidative stress, both through ROS scavenge and through the antioxidant cellular enzyme system. In this respect, the extract reduced the activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, which were stimulated under oxidative stress conditions. Our results suggest that the extract from the rhizomes of A. mollis may constitute a potential source of natural products with anti-inflammatory activity and could validate the traditional use of A. mollis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Acero
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Muñoz-Mingarro
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Navarro
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/P. García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. León-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/P. García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín-Cordero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/P. García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Türkmen BM, Teyin G, Lokman U, Memis Kocaman E. Functional Effects of Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale) and Its Use in the Traditional Cuisines. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2163733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Meltem Türkmen
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Görkem Teyin
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Doğuş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Lokman
- Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Memis Kocaman
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Liao M, Yang L, Yang X, Wang E, Lu B, Wang J, Duan L. Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the urinary excretion study of Taraxacum mongolicum extract in rats. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Oliveira AI, Pinho C, Vieira FQ, Silva R, Cruz A. Taraxacum spp. in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity – a review. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Taraxacum officinale Essential Oil. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196477. [PMID: 36235013 PMCID: PMC9572089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale (TO) has been historically used for medicinal purposes due to its biological activity against specific disorders. To investigate the antioxidant and the antiproliferativepotential of TO essential oil in vitro and in vivo, the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The in vivo antioxidant capacity was assessed on liver and kidney homogenate samples from mice subjected to acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and treated with TO essential oil (600 and 12,000 mg/kg BW) for 14 days. The in vitro scavenging activity was assayed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the reducing power methods. The cytotoxic effects against the HeLa cancer cell line were analyzed. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 34 compounds, 8 of which were identified as major constituents. The TO essential oil protected mice’s liver and kidneys from acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) and lowering malondialdehyde levels. In vitro, the TO essential oil demonstrated low scavenging activity against DPPH (IC50 = 2.00 ± 0.05 mg/mL) and modest reducing power (EC50 = 0.963 ± 0.006 mg/mL). The growth of the HeLa cells was also reduced by the TO essential oil with an inhibition rate of 83.58% at 95 µg/mL. Current results reveal significant antioxidant and antiproliferative effects in a dose-dependent manner and suggest that Taraxacum officinale essential oil could be useful in formulations for cancer therapy.
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Zheng Y, Lei L, Liang S, Ai J, Deng X, Li YQ, Zhang TP, Pu SB, Ren YS. Protective Effect of Fresh/Dry Dandelion Extracts on APAP-Overdose-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:683-692. [PMID: 34816363 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECITVIE To compare the liver protective activity of fresh/dried dandelion extracts against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Totally 90 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 10 groups according to body weight (9 mice for each group). The mice in the normal control and model (vehicle control) groups were administered sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na, 0.5%) only. Administration groups were pretreated with high and low-dose dry dandelion extract (1,000 or 500 g fresh herb dried and then decocted into 120 mL solution, DDE-H and DDE-L); low-, medium- and high-dose dandelion juice (250, 500, 1,000 g/120 mL, DJ-L, DJ-M, and DJ-H); fresh dandelions evaporation juice water (120 mL, DEJW); dry dandelion extract dissolved by pure water (1 kg/120 mL, DDED-PW); dry dandelion extract dissolved by DEJW (120 g/120 mL, DDED-DEJW) by oral gavage for 7 days at the dosage of 0.5 mL solution/10 g body weight; after that, except normal control group, all other groups were intraperitonealy injected with 350 mg/kg APAP to induce liver injury. Twenty hours after APAP administration, serum and liver tissue were collected and serum alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were quantified by biochemical kits; tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-1 β contents in liver tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. Histopathological changes in liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; TUNEL Assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were applied for cell apoptosis evaluation. The expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), caspase-9, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax and p-JNK were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Pretreatment with fresh dandelion juice (FDJ, including DJ-L, DJ-M, DJ-H, DEJW and DDED-DEJW) significantly decreased the levels of serum ALT, AST, AKP, TNF-α and IL-1β compared with vehicle control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Additionally, compared with the vehicle control group, FDJ decreased the levels of hepatic MDA and restored GSH levels and SOD activity in livers (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FDJ inhibited the overexpression of pro-inflammatory factors including cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that FDJ pretreatment inhibited activation of apoptotic signaling pathways via decreasing of Bax, and caspase-9 and JNK protein expression, and inhibited activation of JNK pathway (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Liver histopathological observation provided further evidence that FDJ pretreatment significantly inhibited APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and congestion. CONCLUSIONS FDJ pretreatment protects against APAP-induced hepatic injury by activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and the effect of fresh dandelion extracts was superior to dried dandelion extracts in APAP hepatotoxicity model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiao Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian-Pei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shi-Biao Pu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yong-Shen Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Li Y, Chen Y, Sun-Waterhouse D. The potential of dandelion in the fight against gastrointestinal diseases: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115272. [PMID: 35405251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg.), as a garden weed grown globally, has long been consumed as a therapeutic herb. Its folkloric uses include treatments of digestive disorders (dyspepsia, anorexia, stomach disorders, gastritis and enteritis) and associate complex ailments involving uterine, liver and lung disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to critically assess the current state of research and summarize the potential roles of dandelion and its constituents in gastrointestinal (GI) -protective actions. A focus is placed on the reported bioactive components, pharmacological activities and modes of action (including molecular mechanisms and interactions among bioactive substances) of dandelion products/preparations and derived active constituents related to GI protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information published prior to August 2021 was reviewed via SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley On-line Library, and The Plant List. The search was based on the ethnomedical remedies, pharmacological activities, bioactive compounds of dandelion for GI protection, as well as the interactions of the components in dandelion with the gut microbiota or biological regulators, and with other ingested bioactive compounds. The key search words were "Taraxacum" and "dandelion". RESULTS T. coreanum Nakai, T. mongolicum and T. officinale are the most commonly used species for folkloric uses, with the whole plant, leaves and root of dandelion being used more frequently. GI-protective substances of dandelion include taraxasterol, taraxerol, caffeic acid, chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin and its glucosides, polysaccharides, inulin, and β-sitosterol. Dandelion products and derived constituents exhibit pharmacological effects against GI disorders, mainly including dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, small intestinal ulcer, ulcerative colitis, liver diseases, gallstones, acute pancreatitis, and GI malignancy. The underlying molecular mechanisms may include immuno-inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis mechanism, autophagy mechanism, and cholinergic mechanism, although interactions of dandelion's constituents with GI health-related biological entities (e.g., GI microbiota and associated biological modulators) or other ingested bioactive compounds shouldn't be ignored. CONCLUSION The review reveals some in vivo and in vitro studies on the potential of dandelion derived products as complementary and alternative medicines/therapeutics against GI disorders. The whole herb may alleviate some symptoms related GI immuno-inflammatory basing on the abundant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxide active substances. Dandelion root could be a nontoxic and effective anticancer alternative, owing to its abundant terpenoids and polysaccharides. However, research related to GI protective dandelion-derived products remains limited. Besides the need of identifying bioactive compounds/complexes in various dandelion species, more clinical studies are also required on the metabolism, bioavailability and safety of these substances to support their applications in food, medicine and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yilun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Ge BJ, Zhao P, Li HT, Sang R, Wang M, Zhou HY, Zhang XM. Taraxacum mongolicum protects against Staphylococcus aureus-infected mastitis by exerting anti-inflammatory role via TLR2-NF-κB/MAPKs pathways in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113595. [PMID: 33212175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a traditional Chinese medicine, Taraxacum mongolicum has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases, and also clinically used as a remedy for mastitis. However, the scientific rationale and mechanism behind its use on mastitis in vivo are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (T. mongolicum) on mastitis infected by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). MATERIALS AND METHODS Female ICR mice were given intragastrically 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg of T. mongolicum extract twice per day for 6 consecutive days, and infected with S. aureus via teat canal to induce mastitis. Pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were determined by ELISA. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and distribution were measured by reagent kit and immunohistochemistry. Histopathological changes of mammary gland tissues were observed by H&E staining. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression, phosphorylations of related proteins in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways were detected by western blot. RESULTS T. mongolicum decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels, and reduced MPO activity and distribution in sera and mammary glands with S. aureus-infected mastitis. In addition, T. mongolicum effectively attenuated histopathological damages and cell necrosis of mammary gland tissues infected by S. aureus. Moreover, T. mongolicum inhibited the expression of TLR2, and the phosphorylations of inhibitor κBα (IκBα), p65, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins in mammary glands with S. aureus-infected mastitis. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that T. mongolicum protects against S. aureus-infected mastitis by exerting anti-inflammatory role, which is attributed to the inhibition of TLR2-NF-κB/MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Ge
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Juye Street, Changchun, Jilin 132109, China.
| | - Rui Sang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Zhou
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
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Lee YS, Kim J, Woo S, Park JY, Park HS, Shim H, Choi HI, Kang JH, Lee TJ, Sung SH, Yang TJ, Kang KB. Assessing the genetic and chemical diversity of Taraxacum species in the Korean Peninsula. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112576. [PMID: 33166748 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The genetic relationship between Taraxacum species, also known as the dandelion, is complicated because of asexual and mixed sexual apomictic reproduction. The usage of Taraxacum species in traditional medicines make their specialized metabolism important, but interspecific chemical difference has rarely been reported for the genus. In this study, we assembled the chloroplast genome and 45S rDNA of six Taraxacum species that occur in Korea (T. campylodes, T. coreanum, T. erythrospermum, T. mongolicum, T. platycarpum, and T. ussuriense), and performed a comparative analysis, which revealed their phylogenetic relationships and possible natural hybridity. We also performed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based phytochemical analysis to reveal interspecific chemical diversity. The comparative metabolomics analysis revealed that Taraxacum species could be separated into three chemotypes according to their major defensive specialized metabolites, which were the sesquiterpene lactones, the phenolic inositols, and chlorogenic acid derivatives. The CP DNA- and 45S rDNA-based phylogenetic trees showed a tangled relationship, which supports the notion of ongoing hybridization of wild Taraxacum species. The untargeted LC-MS analysis revealed that each Taraxacum plant exhibits species-specific defensive specialized metabolism. Moreover, 45S rDNA-based phylogenetic tree correlated with the hierarchical cluster relied on metabolite compositions. Given the coincidence between these analyses, we represented that 45S rDNA could well reflect overall nuclear genome variation in Taraxacum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonah Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Kang
- Hantaek Botanical Garden, Yongin, 17183, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Joo Lee
- Hantaek Botanical Garden, Yongin, 17183, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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Neuroprotective Potential of Verbascoside Isolated from Acanthus mollis L. Leaves through Its Enzymatic Inhibition and Free Radical Scavenging Ability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121207. [PMID: 33266151 PMCID: PMC7759776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of today’s ageing population has increased interest in the search for new active substances that delay the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this respect, the search for natural compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, with neuroprotective activity has become the focus of growing interest. Verbascoside is a phenylethanoid that has already presented several pharmacological activities. The purpose of this study is to isolate and identify verbascoside from Acanthus mollis leaves. Consequently, its neuroprotective ability through enzymatic inhibition and free radical scavenging ability has been analyzed both in vitro and in cell culture assays. The antioxidant capacity of verbascoside was evaluated in vitro through total antioxidant capacity, DPPH•, •OH, and O2•—scavenging activity assays. The effect of verbascoside on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines was studied in normal culture and under induced oxidative stress. The inhibitory ability of the phenylethanoid against several enzymes implied in neurodegenerative diseases (tyrosinase, MAO-A, and AChE) was analyzed in vitro. Verbascoside neuroprotective activity is at least in part related to its free radical scavenging ability. The effect of verbascoside on ROS production suggests its potential in the prevention of harmful cell redox changes and in boosting neuroprotection.
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16
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Duan L, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Chang Y, Guo L. Comparison of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Different Parts of Taraxacum mongolicum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143260. [PMID: 32708908 PMCID: PMC7397316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs derived from Taraxacum genus have been used as traditional medicines and food supplements in China for hundreds of years. Taraxacum mongolicum is a famous traditional Chinese medicine derived from Taraxacum genus for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and viral infectious diseases. In the present study, the bioactive phenolic chemical profiles and antioxidant activities of flowers, leaves, and roots of Taraxacum mongolicum were investigated. Firstly, a high performance liquid chromatography method combined with segmental monitoring strategy was employed to simultaneously determine six bioactive phenolic compounds in Taraxacum mongolicum samples. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis, including hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed to compare and discriminate different parts of Taraxacum mongolicum based on the quantitative data. The results showed that three phenolic compounds, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin, could be regarded as chemical markers for the differences of flowers, leaves, and roots of Taraxacum mongolicum. In parallel, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of different parts of Taraxacum mongolicum were also evaluated and compared. It is clear that Taraxacum mongolicum had antioxidant properties, and the antioxidant capacities of different parts of Taraxacum mongolicum in three antioxidant assays showed a similar tendency: Flowers ≈ leaves > roots, which revealed a positive relationship with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, to find the potential antioxidant components of Taraxacum mongolicum, the latent relationships of the six bioactive phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Taraxacum mongolicum were investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. The results indicated caftaric acid and caffeic acid could be the potential antioxidant ingredients of Taraxacum mongolicum. The present work may facilitate better understanding of differences of bioactive phenolic constituents and antioxidant activities of different parts of Taraxacum mongolicum and provide useful information for utilization of this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Duan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.D.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chenmeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.D.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (L.D.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China;
| | - Long Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0311-8992-6017
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17
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Ren F, Wu K, Yang Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li J. Dandelion Polysaccharide Exerts Anti-Angiogenesis Effect on Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating VEGF/HIF-1α Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:460. [PMID: 32322211 PMCID: PMC7158757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that natural plants-derived polysaccharides exhibit potent anti-tumor activity. Our earlier studies suggest that dandelion polysaccharide (DP) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of DP on the angiogenesis of HCC and the potential molecular mechanisms by which DP regulates angiogenesis. Wound-healing and transwell invasion assays revealed that DP inhibited HUVECs migration and invasion in vitro, respectively. Tube formation assay, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated that DP suppressed vasculogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining verified that DP treatment decreased the protein levels of some key factors involved in angiogenesis of HCC, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-PI3K, and p-AKT. However, activation of PI3K/AKT pathway with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) treatment attenuated the effect of DP on angiogenesis via lowering the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. In summary, we found that DP treatment inhibited angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro through suppressing expression of VEGF and HIF-1a. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of VEGF and HIF1-α was modulated by PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, our study suggests that DP is a promising anti-cancer drug candidate for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kaixuan Wu
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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18
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Badr A, Fouad D, Attia H. Insights Into Protective Mechanisms of Dandelion Leaf Extract Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Role of Inhibitory Effect on Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819874897. [PMID: 35185411 PMCID: PMC8851149 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819874897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity is associated with the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Several studies demonstrated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects of dandelion leaf extract (DLE); therefore, this research aimed to investigate the protective effects of DLE against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: normal control, DLE control received 500 mg/kg daily for 11 days, intoxicated group received vehicle daily for 11 days and a single dose of CP (7 mg/kg, intraperitonealp) on day 5, and DLE + CP group received DLE (500 mg/kg) daily for 11 days plus a single dose of CP (7 mg/kg) on day 5. The dose of DLE is selected based on a dose–effect study using different doses. Dandelion leaf extract pretreatment ameliorated CP-induced nephrotoxicity as evident by histopathological examination, alleviating CP-induced elevation in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, oxidative stress marker (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), tumor necrosis factor-α (as inflammatory cytokine), and caspase-9 and caspase-3 (as apoptotic markers). In addition, DLE reduced nuclear factor-κB and cytochrome c expression, and DNA fragmentation. It also maintained levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and serum albumin. Thus, the present study shows that DLE is a promising nephroprotective agent for CP-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) root components exhibit anti-oxidative and antiplatelet action in an in vitro study. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Lis B, Olas B. Pro-health activity of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) and its food products – history and present. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Jedrejek D, Lis B, Rolnik A, Stochmal A, Olas B. Comparative phytochemical, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and haemostatic studies of Taraxacum officinale root preparations. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:233-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Dandelion polysaccharides exert anticancer effect on Hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and enhancing immune response. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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Comparison of phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant properties of different sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties. Food Chem 2018; 279:260-271. [PMID: 30611489 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, three Spanish local varieties of Prunus avium (L.), as well as two foreign varieties were studied. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glucose and fructose of methanolic extracts from ripe fruits of each variety were analysed. A phytochemical profile of these cultivars was performed by UHPLC-qTOF-MS. The employed chromatographic method allowed a clear and rapid separation of the three main phenolic compound groups present in the extracts: hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins and flavonoids. In addition, the extracts DPPH radical scavenging ability, as well as their capacity to affect xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, were determined. Finally, variations in ROS intracellular concentrations in HepG2 cell line cultures treated with cherry extracts were measured through DCFH-DA assay. All extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Differences between in vitro and in cell culture results evidence the interaction among the phenolic compounds of the extract.
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Dandelion Chloroform Extract Promotes Glucose Uptake via the AMPK/GLUT4 Pathway in L6 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1709587. [PMID: 30524480 PMCID: PMC6247471 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1709587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is one of the main proteins that transport blood glucose into the cells and is a target in the treatment of T2DM. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of dandelion chloroform extract (DCE) on glucose uptake in L6 cells. The glucose consumption of L6 cell culture supernatant was measured by a glucose uptake assay kit, and the dynamic changes of intracellular GLUT4 and calcium (Ca2+) levels were monitored by laser scanning confocal microscopy in L6 cell lines stably expressing IRAP-mOrange. The GLUT4 fusion with the plasma membrane (PM) was traced via myc-GLUT4-mOrange. GLUT4 expression and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), protein kinase C (PKC), and phosphorylation levels were determined by performing western blotting. GLUT4 mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR. DCE up-regulated GLUT4 expression, promoted GLUT4 translocation and fusion to the membrane eventually leading to glucose uptake, and induced AMPK phosphorylation in L6 cells. The AMPK inhibitory compound C significantly inhibited DCE-induced GLUT4 expression and translocation while no inhibitory effect was observed by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor Wortmannin and PKC inhibitor Gö6983. These data suggested that DCE promoted GLUT4 expression and transport to the membrane through the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby stimulating GLUT4 fusion with PM to enhance glucose uptake in L6 cells. DCE-induced GLUT4 translocation was also found to be Ca2+-independent. Together, these findings indicate that DCE could be a new hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of T2DM.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. Extract on Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress in HT22 Cells via HO-1/Nrf2 Pathways. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070926. [PMID: 30029533 PMCID: PMC6073547 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated neuron damage is considered an important contributor to the pathogenesis and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Taraxacum officinale has been reported to possess antioxidant activities. However, whether it can protect neurons against oxidative damage and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully determined. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of ethanol extracts of this plant (ETOW) on glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. Both cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays showed that ETOW effectively attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation. Furthermore, our results revealed that ETOW increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). The inhibitory effects of ETOW on glutamate-stimulated cell toxicity and ROS production were partially reversed by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), an HO activity inhibitor. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ETOW can protect HT22 cells against glutamate-induced oxidative damage by inducing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Our study supports the idea that Taraxacum officinale Wigg. is a promising agent for preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mo EJ, Ahn JH, Jo YH, Kim SB, Hwang BY, Lee MK. Inositol Derivatives and Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Taraxacum coreanum. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081349. [PMID: 28805750 PMCID: PMC6152297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the characterization of chemical constituents and biological activity of the roots of Taraxacum coreanum (Asteraceae) was attempted. Phytochemical investigation of the roots of T. coreanum led to the isolation of two new inositol derivatives, taraxinositols A (1) and B (2), and a new phenolic compound, taraxinol (16), together with twenty known compounds including four inositol derivatives, neo-inositol-1,4-bis (4-hydroxybenzeneacetate) (3), chiro-inositol-1,5-bis(4- hydroxybenzeneacetate) (4), chiro-inositol-2,3-bis (4-hydroxybenzeneacetate) (5) and chiro-inositol- 1,2,3-tris (4-hydroxybenzeneacetate) (6), nine phenolic compounds: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), vanillin (8), syringaldehyde (9), vanillic acid (10), 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (11), 4-hydroxy- phenylacetic acid methyl ester (12), optivanin (13), isoferulic acid (14) and dihydroconiferyl alcohol (15), four coumarins: nodakenetin (17), decursinol (18), prangol (19) and isobyakangelicin (20), and three lignans: syringaresinol-4′-O-β-d-glucoside (21), syringaresinol (22), and pinoresinol (23). The structures of isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Among the isolated compounds, vanillic acid, isoferulic acid and syringaresinol showed radical scavenging activity with IC50 values ranging from 30.4 to 75.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
| | - Yang Hee Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
| | - Seon Beom Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
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Li XH, He XR, Zhou YY, Zhao HY, Zheng WX, Jiang ST, Zhou Q, Li PP, Han SY. Taraxacum mongolicum extract induced endoplasmic reticulum stress associated-apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:55-64. [PMID: 28461119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and deadly breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. It is necessary to seek complementary strategies for TNBC management. Taraxacum mongolicum, commonly named as dandelion, is a herb medicine with anti-cancer activity and has been utilized to treat mammary abscess, hyperplasia of mammary glands from ancient time in China, but the scientific evidence and action mechanisms still need to be studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was intended to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of dandelion extract in TNBC cell line. METHODOLOGY Dandelion extract was prepared and purified, and then its chemical composition was determined. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Analysis of cell apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and CHOP siRNA were used to confirm the cell apoptosis induced by dandelion extract. RESULTS Dandelion extract significantly decreased MDA-MB-231cell viability, triggered G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis. Concurrently, it caused a markedly increase of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP proteins. Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK abolished the apoptosis triggered by dandelion extract. The three ER stress-related signals were strongly induced after dandelion treatment, including increased mRNA expressions of ATF4, ATF6, XBP1s, GRP78 and CHOP genes, elevated protein levels of phosphorylated PERK, eIF-2α, IRE1, as well as the downstream molecules of CHOP and GRP78. MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with CHOP siRNA significantly reduced apoptosis induced by dandelion extract. The underlying mechanisms at least partially ascribe to the strong activation of PERK/p-eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis. CONCLUSION ER stress related cell apoptosis accounted for the anti-cancer effect of dandelion extract, and these findings support dandelion extract might be a potential therapeutic approach to treat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Xi-Ran He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Wen-Xian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Shan-Tong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ping-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China.
| | - Shu-Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China.
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Esatbeyoglu T, Obermair B, Dorn T, Siems K, Rimbach G, Birringer M. Sesquiterpene Lactone Composition and Cellular Nrf2 Induction of Taraxacum officinale Leaves and Roots and Taraxinic Acid β-d-Glucopyranosyl Ester. J Med Food 2016; 20:71-78. [PMID: 28026992 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion, is a plant of the Asteraceae family, which is used as a food and medical herb. Various secondary plant metabolites such as sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and steroids have been described to be present in T. officinale. Dandelion may exhibit various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. We analyzed the leaves and roots of the common dandelion (T. officinale) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine its sesquiterpene lactone composition. The main compound of the leaf extract taraxinic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1), a sesquiterpene lactone, was isolated and the structure elucidation was conducted by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The leaf extract and its main compound 1 activated the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in human hepatocytes more significantly than the root extract. Furthermore, the leaf extract induced the Nrf2 target gene heme oxygenase 1. Overall, present data suggest that compound 1 may be one of the active principles of T. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- 1 Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Kiel, Germany
| | - Betina Obermair
- 2 Department of Nutritional, Food, and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda , Fulda, Germany
| | - Tabea Dorn
- 2 Department of Nutritional, Food, and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda , Fulda, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Rimbach
- 1 Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel , Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- 2 Department of Nutritional, Food, and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda , Fulda, Germany
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Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:113-131. [PMID: 28012278 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous rise in the economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted a search for alternative and less expensive medicines. Dandelion offers a compelling profile of bioactive components with potential anti-diabetic properties. The Taraxacum genus from the Asteraceae family is found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. It is available in several areas around the world. In many countries, it is used as food and in some countries as therapeutics for the control and treatment of T2D. The anti-diabetic properties of dandelion are attributed to bioactive chemical components; these include chicoric acid, taraxasterol (TS), chlorogenic acid, and sesquiterpene lactones. Studies have outlined the useful pharmacological profile of dandelion for the treatment of an array of diseases, although little attention has been paid to the effects of its bioactive components on T2D to date. This review recapitulates previous work on dandelion and its potential for the treatment and prevention of T2D, highlighting its anti-diabetic properties, the structures of its chemical components, and their potential mechanisms of action in T2D. Although initial research appears promising, data on the cellular impact of dandelion are limited, necessitating further work on clonal β-cell lines (INS-1E), α-cell lines, and human skeletal cell lines for better identification of the active components that could be of use in the control and treatment of T2D. In fact, extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical research is required to investigate further the pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of dandelion-derived compounds on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonyuy E Wirngo
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Max N Lambert
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
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