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Castiglioni L, Gelosa P, Muluhie M, Mercuriali B, Rzemieniec J, Gotti M, Fiordaliso F, Busca G, Sironi L. Fenofibrate reduces cardiac remodeling by mitochondrial dynamics preservation in a renovascular model of cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176767. [PMID: 38909934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist clinically used to lower serum lipid levels, reduces cardiac remodeling and improves cardiac function. However, its mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. In this study we examined the effect of fenofibrate on mitochondria in a rat model of renovascular hypertension, focusing on mediators controlling mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Rats with two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertension were treated with fenofibrate 150 mg/kg/day (2K1C-FFB) or vehicle (2K1C-VEH) for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac functional were in-vivo assessed, while cardiomyocyte size and protein expression of mediators of cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial dynamics were ex-vivo examined by histological and Western blot analyses. Fenofibrate treatment counteracted the development of hypertension and the increase of left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, fenofibrate re-balanced the expression Mfn2, Drp1 and Parkin, regulators of fusion, fission, mitophagy respectively. Regarding autophagy, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was increased in 2K1C-VEH and 2K1C-FFB, whereas the autophagy was increased only in 2K1C-FFB. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyoblasts, fenofibrate reversed the Ang II-induced mRNA up-regulation of hypertrophy markers Nppa and Myh7, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane exerting protection mediated by up-regulation of the Uncoupling protein 2. Our results indicate that fenofibrate acts directly on cardiomyocytes and counteracts the pressure overload-induced cardiac maladaptive remodeling. This study reveals a so far hidden mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics in the beneficial effects of fenofibrate, support its repurposing for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and provide new potential targets for its pharmacological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gelosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Majeda Muluhie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joanna Rzemieniec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Busca
- Azienda "Polo Veterinario di Lodi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Yan N, Wang X, Xu Z, Zhong L, Yang J. Apigenin Attenuates Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy: The Key Role of miR-185-5p/SREBP2-Mediated Autophagy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3841-3851. [PMID: 39219698 PMCID: PMC11365498 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s464004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Apigenin is a natural flavonoid compound with promising potential for the attenuation of myocardial hypertrophy (MH). The compound can also modulate the expression of miR-185-5p that both promote MH and suppress autophagy. The current attempts to explain the anti-MH effect of apigenin by focusing on changes in miR-185-5p-mediated autophagy. Methods Hypertrophic symptoms were induced in rats using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) method and in cardiomyocytes using Ang II and then handled with apigenin. Changes in myocardial function and structure and cell viability and surface area were measured. The role of miR-185-5p in the anti-MH function of apigenin was explored by detecting changes in autophagic processes and miR-185-5p/SREBP2 axis. Results TAC surgery induced weight increase, structure destruction, and collagen deposition in hearts of model rats. Ang II suppresses cardiomyocyte viability and increased cell surface area. All these impairments were attenuated by apigenin and were associated with the restored level of autophagy. At the molecular level, the expression of miR-185-5p was up-regulated by TAC, while the expression of SREBP2 was down-regulated, which was reserved by apigenin both in vivo and in vitro. The induction of miR-185-5p in cardiomyocytes could counteracted the protective effects of apigenin. Discussion Collectively, the findings outlined in the current study highlighted that apigenin showed anti-MH effects. The effects were related to the inhibition of miR-185-5p and activation of SREBP, which contributed to the increased autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yan
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianggui Wang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zufang Xu
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linling Zhong
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Singh A, Singh J, Parween G, Khator R, Monga V. A comprehensive review of apigenin a dietary flavonoid: biological sources, nutraceutical prospects, chemistry and pharmacological insights and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 39154213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2390550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
A multitude of plant-derived bioactive compounds have shown significant promise in preventing chronic illnesses, with flavonoids constituting a substantial class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds. Apigenin, a flavone identified as 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, holds immense promise as a preventative agent against chronic illnesses. Despite its extensive research and recognized nutraceutical value, its therapeutic application remains underexplored, necessitating further clinical investigations. This review delves into the biological sources, nutraceutical prospects, chemistry, pharmacological insights, and health benefits of apigenin. Through multifaceted analytical studies, we explore its diverse pharmacological profile and potential therapeutic applications across various health domains. The manuscript comprehensively examines apigenin's role as a neuroprotective , anti-inflammatory compound, and a potent antioxidant agent. Additionally, its efficacy in combating cardiovascular diseases, anti-diabetic properties, and anticancer potential has been discussed. Furthermore, the antimicrobial attributes and the challenges surrounding its bioavailability, particularly from herbal supplements have been addressed. Available in diverse forms including tablets, capsules, solid dispersions, co-crystals, inclusion complexes and nano formulations. Additionally, it is prevalent as a nutraceutical supplement in herbal formulations. While strides have been made in overcoming pharmacokinetic hurdles, further research into apigenin's clinical effectiveness and bioavailability from herbal supplements remains imperative for its widespread utilization in preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Singh
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jagjit Singh
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Gulistan Parween
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Rakesh Khator
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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Zhang W, Zhuang X, Wu C, Jin Y, Xing J, Hou M, Yang W, Feng Q, Wang H. Apigenin inhibits tumor angiogenesis by hindering microvesicle biogenesis via ARHGEF1. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:216961. [PMID: 38823764 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are essential for intercellular communication and are involved in tumor progression. Inhibiting the direct release of extracellular vesicles seems to be an effective strategy in inhibiting tumor progression, but lacks of investigation. Here, we report a natural flavonoid compound, apigenin, could significantly inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by preventing microvesicle secretion. Mechanistically, apigenin primarily targets the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF1, inhibiting the activity of small G protein Cdc42, which is essential in regulating the release of microvesicles from tumor cells. In turn, this inhibits tumor angiogenesis related to VEGF90K transported on microvesicles, ultimately impeding tumor progression. Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of apigenin and shed light on its anticancer mechanisms through inhibiting microvesicle biogenesis, providing a solid foundation for the refinement and practical application of apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - XiangJin Zhuang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chenlong Wu
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jiayu Xing
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Mei Hou
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Sharma S, Sharma D, Dhobi M, Wang D, Tewari D. An insight to treat cardiovascular diseases through phytochemicals targeting PPAR-α. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:707-732. [PMID: 37171724 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is a promising target for CVDs which mechanistically improves the production of high-density lipid as well as inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. PPAR-α mainly interferes with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB pathways to protect against cardiac complications. Natural products/extracts could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in CVDs for targeting PPAR-α with broad safety margins. In recent years, the understanding of naturally derived PPAR-α agonists has considerably improved; however, the information is scattered. In vitro and in vivo studies on acacetin, apigenin, arjunolic acid, astaxanthin, berberine, resveratrol, vaticanol C, hispidulin, ginsenoside Rb3, and genistein showed significant effects in CVDs complications by targeting PPAR-α. With the aim of demonstrating the tremendous chemical variety of natural products targeting PPAR-α in CVDs, this review provides insight into various natural products that can work to prevent CVDs by targeting the PPAR-α receptor along with their detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Son CO, Hong MH, Kim HY, Han BH, Seo CS, Lee HS, Yoon JJ, Kang DG. Sibjotang Protects against Cardiac Hypertrophy In Vitro and In Vivo. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2307. [PMID: 38137908 PMCID: PMC10744393 DOI: 10.3390/life13122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is developed by various diseases such as myocardial infarction, valve diseases, hypertension, and aortic stenosis. Sibjotang (, Shizaotang, SJT), a classic formula in Korean traditional medicine, has been shown to modulate the equilibrium of body fluids and blood pressure. This research study sought to explore the impact and underlying process of Sibjotang on cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in H9c2 cells. In vitro, H9c2 cells were induced by DOX (1 μM) in the presence or absence of SJT (1-5 μg/mL) and incubated for 24 h. In vivo, SJT was administrated to isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy mice (n = 8) at 100 mg/kg/day concentrations. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that SJT mitigated the enlargement of H9c2 cells caused by DOX in a dose-dependent way. Using SJT as a pretreatment notably suppressed the rise in cardiac hypertrophic marker levels induced by DOX. SJT inhibited the DOX-induced ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, SJT significantly decreased the expression of the hypertrophy-associated transcription factor GATA binding factor 4 (GATA 4) induced by DOX. SJT also decreased hypertrophy-associated calcineurin and NFAT protein levels. Pretreatment with SJT significantly attenuated DOX-induced apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 without affecting cell viability. In addition, the results of the in vivo study indicated that SJT significantly reduced the left ventricle/body weight ratio level. Administration of SJT reduced the expression of hypertrophy markers, such as ANP and BNP. These results suggest that SJT attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure induced by DOX or ISO through the inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT/GATA4 pathway. Therefore, SJT may be a potential treatment for the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy that leads to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ok Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Hyeon Hong
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Hye-Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Byung-Hyuk Han
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Jung-Joo Yoon
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
| | - Dae-Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; (M.-H.H.); (H.-Y.K.); (B.-H.H.); (H.-S.L.)
- College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Cho KHT, Hounsell N, McClendon E, Riddle A, Basappa, Dhillon SK, Bennet L, Back S, Sherman LS, Gunn AJ, Dean JM. Postischemic Infusion of Apigenin Reduces Seizure Burden in Preterm Fetal Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16926. [PMID: 38069249 PMCID: PMC10706648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizures are common in preterm newborns and are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Current anticonvulsants have poor efficacy, and many have been associated with upregulation of apoptosis in the developing brain. Apigenin, a natural bioactive flavonoid, is a potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase and reduces seizures in adult animal models. However, its impact on perinatal seizures is unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of apigenin and S3, a synthetic, selective hyaluronidase inhibitor, on seizures after cerebral ischemia in preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (98-99 days, term ~147 days). Fetuses received sham ischemia (n = 9) or ischemia induced by bilateral carotid occlusion for 25 min. Immediately after ischemia, fetuses received either a continuous infusion of vehicle (0.036% dimethyl sulfoxide, n = 8) or apigenin (50 µM, n = 6). In a pilot study, we also tested infusion of S3 (2 µM, n = 3). Fetuses were monitored continuously for 72 h after ischemia. Infusion of apigenin or S3 were both associated with reduced numbers of animals with seizures, total seizure time, and mean seizure burden. S3 was also associated with a reduction in the total number of seizures over the 72 h recovery period. In animals that developed seizures, apigenin was associated with earlier cessation of seizures. However, apigenin or S3 treatment did not alter recovery of electroencephalographic power or spectral edge frequency. These data support that targeting brain hyaluronidase activity with apigenin or S3 may be an effective strategy to reduce perinatal seizures following ischemia. Further studies are required to determine their effects on neurohistological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta H. T. Cho
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (N.H.); (S.K.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Natalya Hounsell
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (N.H.); (S.K.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Evelyn McClendon
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Art Riddle
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India;
| | - Simerdeep K. Dhillon
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (N.H.); (S.K.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (N.H.); (S.K.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Stephen Back
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (E.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Larry S. Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA;
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (N.H.); (S.K.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Justin M. Dean
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (K.H.T.C.); (N.H.); (S.K.D.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
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Liu X, Zhao T, Shi Z, Hu C, Li Q, Sun C. Synergism Antiproliferative Effects of Apigenin and Naringenin in NSCLC Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:4947. [PMID: 37446609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading cancer killers. Apigenin (Api) and Naringenin (Nar) are natural bioactive substances obtained in various vegetables and fruits, possessing anti-tumor effects across multiple studies. This study investigated the latent synergistic antiproliferative functions of Api and Nar in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells. Cell viability was determined after incubating with different concentrations of Api, Nar, or the combination of Api and Nar (CoAN) for 24 h. Analysis using the CompuSyn software revealed that the CI value of each combined dose was < 1, depicting that the two drugs had a synergistic inhibitory effect. The CoAN (A:N = 3:2) group with the lowest CI value was selected for subsequent experiments. The IC50 of CoAN (A:N = 3:2) was used to determine the cell cycle, the expression ratio of Bax to Bcl2, Caspase 3 activity, and mitochondrial function to assess oxidative stress and apoptosis. The results established that CoAN treatment caused significant cytotoxicity with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases. Furthermore, CoAN significantly enhanced mitochondria dysfunction, elevated oxidative stress, and activated the apoptotic pathway versus Api or Nar alone groups. Thus, the CoAN chemotherapy approach is promising and deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongxiong Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuilan Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hedayati N, Yaghoobi A, Salami M, Gholinezhad Y, Aghadavood F, Eshraghi R, Aarabi MH, Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Mirzaei H, Hajijafari M, Mafi A, Rezaee M. Impact of polyphenols on heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1174816. [PMID: 37293283 PMCID: PMC10244790 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1174816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in regular diets and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Regarding the inadequacy of the current treatments in preventing cardiac remodeling following cardiovascular diseases, attention has been focused on improving cardiac function with potential alternatives such as polyphenols. The following online databases were searched for relevant orginial published from 2000 to 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy aimed to assess the effects of polyphenols on heart failure and keywords were "heart failure" and "polyphenols" and "cardiac hypertrophy" and "molecular mechanisms". Our results indicated polyphenols are repeatedly indicated to regulate various heart failure-related vital molecules and signaling pathways, such as inactivating fibrotic and hypertrophic factors, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production, the underlying causes of apoptosis, and also improving lipid profile and cellular metabolism. In the current study, we aimed to review the most recent literature and investigations on the underlying mechanism of actions of different polyphenols subclasses in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure to provide deep insight into novel mechanistic treatments and direct future studies in this context. Moreover, due to polyphenols' low bioavailability from conventional oral and intravenous administration routes, in this study, we have also investigated the currently accessible nano-drug delivery methods to optimize the treatment outcomes by providing sufficient drug delivery, targeted therapy, and less off-target effects, as desired by precision medicine standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aghadavood
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajijafari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Lu Z, Liu L, Zhao S, Zhao J, Li S, Li M. Apigenin attenuates atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7996. [PMID: 37198205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (APN), a flavone found in several plant foods with various biological properties such as anti-obesity, anti-inflammation and other abilities, alleviates atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high fat diet (HFD) in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of NLRP3 in anti-atherosclerosis and anti-NAFLD effect of APN in mouse models with NLRP3 deficiency. Atherosclerosis and NAFLD models were established by treatment of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice and NLRP3-/- Ldlr-/- mice with a HFD diet (20% fat and 0.5% cholesterol) with or without APN. En face lipid accumulation analysis, plasma lipid levels, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation were analyzed and quantified. For in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were stimulated by LPS plus oleic acid (OA) in the absence or presence of APN (50 μM). Lipid accumulation and the effect of APN on the NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway were investigated. APN administration partly reversed atherosclerosis and hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased body weight and plasma lipid levels in Ldlr-/- mice when fed a HFD. Compared with Ldlr-/- mice, NLRP3-/- Ldlr-/- mice showed more severe atherosclerosis and hepatic lipid accumulation. Treating the HepG2 cells with APN reduced lipid accumulation. APN also inhibited activation of the NLRP3/ NF-κB signaling pathway stimulated by OA together with LPS. Our results indicate that APN supplementation prevents atherosclerosis and NAFLD via NLRP3 inhibition in mice, and suggest that APN might be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of atherosclerosis and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lu
- Medical Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shunxin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sujun Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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11
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Anticancer Potential of Apigenin and Isovitexin with Focus on Oncogenic Metabolism in Cancer Stem Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030404. [PMID: 36984844 PMCID: PMC10051376 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) go through metabolic changes that differentiate them from non-CSCs. The altered metabolism of CSCs plays a vital role in tumor initiation, progression, immunosuppression, and resistance to conventional therapy. Therefore, defining the role of CSC metabolism in carcinogenesis has emerged as a main focus in cancer research. Two natural flavonoids, apigenin and isovitexin, have been shown to act synergistically with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs by sensitizing CSCs, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study is to present a critical and broad evaluation of the anti-CSC capability of apigenin and isovitexin in different cancers as novel and untapped natural compounds for developing drugs. A thorough review of the included literature supports a strong association between anti-CSC activity and treatment with apigenin or isovitexin. Additionally, it has been shown that apigenin or isovitexin affected CSC metabolism and reduced CSCs through various mechanisms, including the suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB protein expression, and the downregulation of the cell cycle via upregulation of p21 and cyclin-dependent kinases. The findings of this study demonstrate that apigenin and isovitexin are potent candidates for treating cancer due to their antagonistic effects on CSC metabolism.
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12
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Lupu M, Coada CA, Tudor DV, Baldea I, Florea A, Toma VA, Lupsor A, Moldovan R, Decea N, Filip GA. Iron chelation alleviates multiple pathophysiological pathways in a rat model of cardiac pressure overload. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 200:1-10. [PMID: 36822542 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron dysmetabolism affects a great proportion of heart failure patients, while chronic hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for heart failure and death in industrialized countries. Serum data from reduced ejection fraction heart failure patients show a relative or absolute iron deficiency, whereas cellular myocardial analyses field equivocal data. An observed increase in organellar iron deposits was incriminated to cause reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Therefore, we studied the effects of iron chelation on a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy. Suprarenal abdominal aortic constriction was achieved surgically, with a period of nine weeks to accommodate the development of chronic pressure overload. Next, deferiprone (100 mg/kg/day), a lipid-permeable iron chelator, was administered for two weeks. Pressure overload resulted in increased inflammation, fibrotic remodeling, lipid peroxidation, left ventricular hypertrophy and mitochondrial iron derangements. Deferiprone reduced cardiac inflammation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial iron levels, and hypertrophy, without affecting circulating iron levels or ejection fraction. In conclusion, metallic molecules may pose ambivalent effects within the cardiovascular system, with beneficial effects of iron redistribution, chiefly in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lupu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Camelia Alexandra Coada
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Molecular Sciences, 400394, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana-Valentina Tudor
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Toma
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Clinicilor Street No. 4-6, 400000, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania; Institute of Biological Research, Republicii Street No. 48, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, Romania
| | - Ana Lupsor
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Decea
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Miao L, Cheong MS, Zhou C, Farag M, Cheang WS, Xiao J. Apigenin alleviates diabetic endothelial dysfunction through activating AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Meng Sam Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Chunxiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Mohamed Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau SAR China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group Ourense Spain
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14
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Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its natural agonists in the treatment of kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991059. [PMID: 36339586 PMCID: PMC9634118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the leading non-communicable diseases related to tremendous health and economic burden globally. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular conditions are the major risk factors for kidney disease, followed by infections, toxicity and autoimmune causes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays an essential role in kidney physiology and disease. The synthetic agonists of PPAR-γ shows a therapeutic effect in various kidney conditions; however, the associated side effect restricts their use. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in exploring natural products with PPARγ-activating potential, which can be a promising solution to developing effective and safe treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the role of PPAR-γ in the pathophysiology of kidney disease and the potential of natural PPAR-γ agonists in treating various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, obesity-induced nephropathy, hypertension nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. PPAR-γ is a potential target for the natural PPAR-γ agonists against kidney disease; however, more studies are required in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
- *Correspondence: Vikram Patial, ,
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15
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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García-Díez E, López-Oliva ME, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martín MA, Ramos S. Metabolic regulation of (-)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the glucose uptake, lipid accumulation and insulin signalling in cardiac H9c2 cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:5602-5615. [PMID: 35502961 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake have been suggested to exert healthful effects, although their mechanism of action remains unknown. Heart damage is highly prevalent in metabolic diseases, and the failure of this organ is a major cause of death worldwide. In this study, the modulation of the energy metabolism and insulin signalling by the mentioned compounds in cardiac H9c2 cells was evaluated. Incubation of cells with EC (1-20 μM) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA, 10 μM) reduced glucose uptake, and both compounds decreased lipid accumulation at concentrations higher than 0.5 μM. EC and DHBA also increased the tyrosine phosphorylated and total insulin receptor (IR) levels, and activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in cardiac H9c2 cells. Interestingly, EC and DHBA did not modify glucose transporters (SGLT-1 and GLUT-1) levels, and increased GLUT-4 values. In addition, EC and DHBA decreased cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) values, and enhanced carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) and proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) levels. By using specific inhibitors of AKT and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the participation of both proteins in EC- and DHBA-mediated regulation on glucose uptake and lipid accumulation was shown. Taken together, EC and DHBA modulate glucose uptake and lipid accumulation via AKT and AMPK, and reinforce the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of this pathway in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Díez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Angeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Laggner M, Oberndorfer F, Golabi B, Bauer J, Zuckermann A, Hacker P, Lang I, Skoro-Sajer N, Gerges C, Taghavi S, Jaksch P, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. EGR1 Is Implicated in Right Ventricular Cardiac Remodeling Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050677. [PMID: 35625405 PMCID: PMC9138384 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vasoconstrictive disease characterized by elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) at rest. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) represent two distinct subtypes of PH. Persisting PH leads to right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, heart failure, and death. RV performance predicts survival and surgical interventions re-establishing physiological mPAP reverse cardiac remodeling. Nonetheless, a considerable number of PH patients are deemed inoperable. The underlying mechanism(s) governing cardiac regeneration, however, remain largely elusive. Methods: In a longitudinal approach, we profiled the transcriptional landscapes of hypertrophic RVs and recovered hearts 3 months after surgery of iPAH and CTEPH patients. Results: Genes associated with cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli and metal ions were downregulated, and cardiac muscle tissue development was induced in iPAH after recovery. In CTEPH patients, genes related to muscle cell development were decreased, and genes governing cardiac conduction were upregulated in RVs following regeneration. Intriguingly, early growth response 1 (EGR1), a profibrotic regulator, was identified as a major transcription factor of hypertrophic RVs in iPAH and CTEPH. A histological assessment confirmed our biocomputational results, and suggested a pivotal role for EGR1 in RV vasculopathy. Conclusion: Our findings improved our understanding of the molecular events driving reverse cardiac remodeling following surgery. EGR1 might represent a promising candidate for targeted therapy of PH patients not eligible for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (P.J.); (H.J.A.)
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felicitas Oberndorfer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Jonas Bauer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (P.J.); (H.J.A.)
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Philipp Hacker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria;
| | - Irene Lang
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.); (N.S.-S.); (C.G.)
| | - Nika Skoro-Sajer
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.); (N.S.-S.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.); (N.S.-S.); (C.G.)
| | - Shahrokh Taghavi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (P.J.); (H.J.A.)
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (P.J.); (H.J.A.)
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (P.J.); (H.J.A.)
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (J.B.); (S.T.); (P.J.); (H.J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Xu Y, Li X, Wang H. Protective Roles of Apigenin Against Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875826. [PMID: 35495935 PMCID: PMC9051485 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity. In this study, the potential effects of apigenin on cardiometabolic diseases were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Potential signaling networks in different cell types induced by apigenin were identified, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of apigenin in cardiometabolic diseases vary with cell types. Additionally, the mechanisms of apigenin-induced biological response in different cardiometabolic diseases were analyzed, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides novel insights into the potential role of apigenin in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li,
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui Wang,
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Role of Induced Programmed Cell Death in the Chemopreventive Potential of Apigenin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073757. [PMID: 35409117 PMCID: PMC8999072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), which is one of the most widely distributed phytochemicals in the plant kingdom, is one of the most thoroughly investigated phenolic components. Previous studies have attributed the physiological effects of apigenin to its anti-allergic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and blood-pressure-lowering properties, and its documented anticancer properties have been attributed to the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, the inhibition of inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, and the regulation of cellular responses to oxidative stress and DNA damage. The most well-known mechanism for the compound’s anticancer effects in human cancer cell lines is apoptosis, followed by autophagy, and studies have also reported that apigenin induces novel cell death mechanisms, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic potential of apigenin as a chemopreventive agent, as well as the roles of programmed cell death mechanisms in the compound’s chemopreventive properties.
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20
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Liu T, Yan T, Jia X, Liu J, Ma R, Wang Y, Wang X, Liang Y, Xiao Y, Dong Y. Systematic exploration of the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of the Mongolian medicine Nutmeg-5 in improving cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114847. [PMID: 34800647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nutmeg-5, which consists of Myristica fragrans Houtt., Aucklandia lappa Decne., Inula helenium L., Fructus Choerospondiatis and Piper longum L., is an ancient and classic formula in traditional Mongolian medicine that is widely used in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. However, its material basis and pharmacological mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explore the potential material basis and molecular mechanism of Nutmeg-5 in improving cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The constituents of Nutmeg-5 absorbed into the blood were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A mouse MI model was induced in male Kunming mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LDA) ligation. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function. The protective effect of Nutmeg-5 and compound Danshen dripping pills as positive control medicine on post-MI cardiac remodeling was evaluated by tissue histology and determination of the serum protein levels of biomarkers of myocardial injury. RNA sequencing analysis of mouse left ventricle tissue was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of Nutmeg-5 in cardiac remodeling after MI. RESULTS A total of 27 constituents absorbed into blood were identified in rat plasma following gavage administration of Nutmeg-5 (0.54 g/kg) for 1 h. We found that ventricular remodeling after MI was significantly improved after Nutmeg-5 treatment in mice, which was demonstrated by decreased mortality, better cardiac function, decreased heart weight to body weight and heart weight to tibia length ratios, and attenuated cardiac fibrosis and myocardial injury. RNA sequencing revealed that the protective effect of Nutmeg-5 on cardiac remodeling after MI was associated with improved heart metabolism. Further study found that Nutmeg-5 treatment could preserve the ultrastructure of mitochondria and upregulate gene expression related to mitochondrial function and structure. HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit) expression was significantly upregulated in the hearts of MI mice and significantly suppressed in the hearts of Nutmeg-5-treated mice. In addition, Nutmeg-5 treatment significantly activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha signaling pathway, which was inhibited in the hearts of MI mice. CONCLUSIONS Nutmeg-5 attenuates cardiac remodeling after MI by improving heart metabolism and preserving mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting HIF-1α expression in the mouse heart after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China; Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Ruilian Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, PR China
| | - Xianjue Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yabin Liang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Xiao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Pharmacodynamic Substance and Quality Control of Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China.
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Li J, Chen X, Li X, Tang J, Li Y, Liu B, Guo S. Cryptochlorogenic acid and its metabolites ameliorate myocardial hypertrophy through a HIF1α-related pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:2269-2282. [PMID: 35141734 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA) is a phenolic acid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Our preliminary study found that 4-CQA has a good effect on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial hypertrophy, while the mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aimed at delineating the metabolites and metabolic pathways of 4-CQA using liquid mass spectrometry and molecular biotechnology, exploring possible active metabolites and the mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy amelioration in H9c2 cells, and finally, investigating the pharmacokinetics of 4-CQA and its active metabolites in vivo. In summary, 56 potential effective metabolites were distinguished in rat urine, feces, plasma samples and heart tissue after intragastric administration of 4-CQA, and the main metabolic reaction types of 4-CQA included hydrogenation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, hydration and their composite reactions in in vivo biotransformation. Besides, 4-CQA and its main active metabolites, caffeic acid and 4-O-feruloylquinic acid, significantly ameliorated pathological cardiac hypertrophy of H9c2 cells treated with ISO based on the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway. In addition, this study demonstrated that the prototype drugs 4-CQA and 4-O-ferulylquinic acid generally exhibit similar pharmacokinetic characteristics and caffeic acid presents relatively late peak time and low peak concentration in rats, which make them suitable candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiaohe Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Jiayang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, PR China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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22
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Gu C, Yan J, Zhao L, Wu G, Wang YL. Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Aerobic Exercise in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:788505. [PMID: 35097008 PMCID: PMC8793839 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics, including continuous biogenesis, fusion, fission, and autophagy, are crucial to maintain mitochondrial integrity, distribution, size, and function, and play an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Cardiovascular health improves with aerobic exercise, a well-recognized non-pharmaceutical intervention for both healthy and ill individuals that reduces overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Increasing evidence shows that aerobic exercise can effectively regulate the coordinated circulation of mitochondrial dynamics, thus inhibiting CVD development. This review aims to illustrate the benefits of aerobic exercise in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease by modulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanghan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yue-lan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yue-lan Wang
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Alam W, Rocca C, Khan H, Hussain Y, Aschner M, De Bartolo A, Amodio N, Angelone T, Cheang WS. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin: Focus on Metabolic-Syndrome-Dependent Organ Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101643. [PMID: 34679777 PMCID: PMC8533599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are globally prevalent. Different molecules showing therapeutic potential are currently available for the management of metabolic syndrome, although their efficacy has often been compromised by their poor bioavailability and side effects. Studies have been carried out on medicinal plant extracts for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. In this regard, isolated pure compounds have shown promising efficacy for the management of metabolic syndrome, both in preclinical and clinical settings. Apigenin, a natural bioactive flavonoid widely present in medicinal plants, functional foods, vegetables and fruits, exerts protective effects in models of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases and most of these effects are attributed to its antioxidant action. Various preclinical and clinical studies carried out so far show a protective effect of apigenin against metabolic syndrome. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on both in vitro and in vivo evidence related to the promising antioxidant role of apigenin in cardioprotection, neuroprotection and renoprotection, and to its beneficial action in metabolic-syndrome-dependent organ dysfunction. We also provide evidence on the potential of apigenin in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome, analysing the potential and limitation of its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 221400, China;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research I.N.R.C., 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China;
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Singh B, Nathawat S, Sharma RA. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical attributes of Indian Tinospora species: A comprehensive review. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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25
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Kashyap P, Shikha D, Thakur M, Aneja A. Functionality of apigenin as a potent antioxidant with emphasis on bioavailability, metabolism, action mechanism and in vitro and in vivo studies: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13950. [PMID: 34569073 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. are linked with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Apigenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone) is a widely distributed flavonoid, responsible for antioxidant potential and chelating redox active metals. Being present as glycosides or polymers, the apigenin degrades to variable amount in the digestive tract; during processing, its activity is also reduced due to high temperature or Fe/Cu addition. Although its metabolism remains elusive, enteric absorption occurs sufficiently to reduce plasma indices of oxidant status. Delayed clearance in plasma and slow liver decomposition enhance its systematic bioavailability. Antioxidant mechanism of apigenin includes: oxidant enzymes inhibition, modulation of redox signaling pathways (NF-kB, Nrf2, MAPK, and P13/Akt), reinforcing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant, metal chelation, and free radical scavenging. DPPH, ORAC, ABTS, and FRAP are the major in vitro methods for determining the antioxidant potential of apigenin, whereas its protective effects in whole and living cells of animals are examined using in vivo studies. Due to limited information on antioxidant potential of apigenin, its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects are, therefore, discussed with action mechanism and interaction with the signaling pathways. This paper concludes that apigenin is a potent antioxidant compound to overcome the difficulties related to oxidative stress and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India
| | - Deep Shikha
- Department of Food Technology, Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Technology, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ashwin Aneja
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Zhao Y, Huang H, Jia CH, Fan K, Xie T, Zhu ZY, Xie ML. Apigenin increases radiosensitivity of glioma stem cells by attenuating HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. Med Oncol 2021; 38:131. [PMID: 34554338 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound present in a variety of edible plants and health foods, has an anti-tumor effect and inhibits hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α) expression in hypertrophic cardiac tissues. However, whether or not apigenin has a radiosensitization effect on glioma stem cells (GSCs) is unknown. Our present study aimed to investigate the effect of apigenin and its possible mechanisms. The human GSCs SU3 and its radioresistance line SU3-5R were treated with apigenin, radiation, or their combination, and the cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and intracellular lactic acid and glycolytic related protein expressions were determined. Additionally, a cell model with hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression was used and treated with apigenin. The current results displayed that the combination of apigenin and radiation could synergically reduce the viability, colony formation, and migration of the both GSCs. Moreover, this combination could also decrease the radiation-induced increments of glycolytic production lactic acid in the both GSCs and related protein expressions, including HIF-1α, glucose transporter (GLUT)-1/3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2). Further study confirmed that after treatment of hypoxia-cultured SU3 or SU3-5R cells with apigenin, the expression levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, NF-κB p65, and PKM2 proteins were reduced. These results demonstrated that apigenin could increase the radiosensitivity of GSCs and its radiosensitization mechanisms were attributable to the attenuation of glycolysis, which might result from the inhibition of HIF-1α expression and subsequent reductions of GLUT-1/3, NF-κB, and PKM2 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Hao Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zeng-Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Gao HL, Yu XJ, Hu HB, Yang QW, Liu KL, Chen YM, Zhang Y, Zhang DD, Tian H, Zhu GQ, Qi J, Kang YM. Apigenin Improves Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Modulating NADPH Oxidase-Dependent ROS Generation and Cytokines in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:721-736. [PMID: 34076830 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, identified as 4', 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone, is a natural flavonoid compound that has many interesting pharmacological activities and nutraceutical potential including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in both the initiation and progression of hypertension and hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However, whether or not apigenin improves hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through modulating NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammation in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the effects of apigenin on hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and its possible central mechanism of action. SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly assigned and treated with bilateral PVN infusion of apigenin or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) via osmotic minipumps (20 μg/h) for 4 weeks. The results showed that after PVN infusion of apigenin, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, plasma norepinephrine (NE), Beta 1 receptor in kidneys, level of phosphorylation of PKA in the ventricular tissue and cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis, heart level of oxidative stress, PVN levels of oxidative stress, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), iNOS, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), NOX2 and NOX4 were attenuated and PVN levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), superoxide dismutase 1 (Cu/Zn-SOD) and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) were increased. These results revealed that apigenin improves hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in SHRs which are associated with the down-regulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation and inflammation in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Han-Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian-Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Ajebli M, Eddouks M. Phytotherapy of Hypertension: An Updated Overview. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:812-839. [PMID: 31880255 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666191227104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Hypertension is the main risk factor that contributes to the development of many diseases. The use of herbal therapies, medicinal plants and their derivatives for the remedy and management of hypertension is well-recognized and popular among a wide part of the world population. METHODS The aim of the current review was to collect, treat, and critically analyze the published research studies relative to experimental and clinical investigations which have studied the blood pressure lowering abilities of medicinal plant derivatives in the last decade. This review was organized into three principal axes; the first axis was attributed to the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies; the second treated the clinical trials; while, the last one is devoted to analyze the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic antihypertensive effectiveness of phytochemicals. RESULTS Different types of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency in improving the increase of blood pressure either experimentally or clinically. Medicinal species such as garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Ginseng (Panax) are among the most common and therapeutically used plant derivatives for controlling hypertension while Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae are among the botanical families which were frequently studied in the last decade. Isolated compounds such as allicin and apigenin have received more interest in this field. Recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that a wide variety of herbal preparations and plant extracts or natural isolated compounds have a favorable therapeutic impact on blood flow. Interestingly, phytochemicals can either act directly on blood vessels via a vasorelaxant effect involving a variety of signaling cascades or indirectly through inhibiting or stimulating diversity of systems such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the diuretic activity. Hence, based on the findings of the present review medicinal plant derivatives could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antihypertensive agents. CONCLUSION The analysis of the published data shows that a great effort remains to be done to investigate the medicinal plants cited as antihypertensive through published ethnopharmacological surveys. The analysis of the literature in this field shows the lack of standardization at the level of experimental study methods as well as the need to study purified molecules. Moreover, the mechanistic studies when they exist remain in the whole partial. On the other hand, few advanced clinical studies have been conducted. Finally, the determination of the efficacy/safety ratio remains absent in almost all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Team of Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Team of Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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Modulations of Cardiac Functions and Pathogenesis by Reactive Oxygen Species and Natural Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050760. [PMID: 34064823 PMCID: PMC8150787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac myocytes plays a critical role in regulating their physiological functions. Disturbance of balance between generation and removal of ROS is a major cause of cardiac myocyte remodeling, dysfunction, and failure. Cardiac myocytes possess several ROS-producing pathways, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases, and nitric oxide synthases, and have endogenous antioxidation mechanisms. Cardiac Ca2+-signaling toolkit proteins, as well as mitochondrial functions, are largely modulated by ROS under physiological and pathological conditions, thereby producing alterations in contraction, membrane conductivity, cell metabolism and cell growth and death. Mechanical stresses under hypertension, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valve diseases are the main causes for stress-induced cardiac remodeling and functional failure, which are associated with ROS-induced pathogenesis. Experimental evidence demonstrates that many cardioprotective natural antioxidants, enriched in foods or herbs, exert beneficial effects on cardiac functions (Ca2+ signal, contractility and rhythm), myocytes remodeling, inflammation and death in pathological hearts. The review may provide knowledge and insight into the modulation of cardiac pathogenesis by ROS and natural antioxidants.
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Chen XY, Chen XH, Li L, Su CP, Zhang YL, Jiang YY, Guo SZ, Liu B. Deciphering the effective combinatorial components from Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction regarding the intervention on myocardial hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113833. [PMID: 33465437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used to treat various cardiovascular diseases in clinics. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the effective combinatorial components from SMYAD and its mechanism regarding the intervention on myocardial hypertrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS SMYAD constituents absorbed in rat plasma and heart were identified using UHPLC Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS. The identified constituents in SMYAD were further analyzed using ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) prediction and molecular docking. The effective constituents were identified using isoproterenol (ISO)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and neochlorogenic acid (NCA), chlorogenic acid (CA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA), isochlorogenic acid C (ICAC), angoroside C (AGDC), isochlorogenic acid A (ICAA), sweroside (SRD), and harpagide (HPD) in SMYAD extract were quantified by HPLC for compatibility. Finally, anti-hypertrophic activities of candidate effective combinatorial components, which were prepared according to the determined molar concentration ratio of effective constituents using reference substance solution, were analyzed using immunofluorescence staining and Quantitative real-time PCR. The expression levels of PI3Kα, p-ERK, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR and HIF-1α were measured using Western blot. RESULTS 32 prototypes of SMYAD were identified from plasma and heart tissue of rat. Combining with ADMET prediction, 31 dominant constituents were focused. Based on HIF-1 pathway identified in preliminary result, 17 targets were focused, which were used to dock with 31 constituents. 27 constituents were therefore hit as the potential effective constituents of SMYAD in inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy. Bioactivity evaluation showed that NCA, CA, CCA, ICAC, AGDC, ICAA, SRD, and HPD significantly inhibited the increase of H9c2 cell surface area induced by ISO. Except for ICAA and AGDC, the remaining 6 effective constituents, showing a certain inhibitory effect on ISO-induced ANP mRNA overexpression at high and low concentrations, participated in compatibility based on the molar concentration ratio determined by HPLC. Effective combinatorial components composed of the 6 effective constituents (effective combinatorial components ABC) showed significant inhibitory effect on the increase of cell surface area, and the overexpression of ANP and β-MHC mRNA in H9c2 cells induced by ISO. Moreover, effective combinatorial components ABC significantly inhibited the protein overexpressions of p-Akt, p-mTOR and HIF-1α. Based on the results, we put forward the strategy of "Focusing constituents" and "Focusing targets" for the effective constituents research of TCM formula. CONCLUSION Effective combinatorial components ABC composed of NCA, CA, CCA, ICAC, SRD and HPD from SMYAD inhibited ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and down-regulated expression of ANP and β-MHC mRNA through the inactivation of Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Cardiomegaly/drug therapy
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Isoproterenol/toxicity
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phytochemicals/analysis
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
- Plasma/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao-He Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cong-Ping Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shu-Zhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, Beijing, PR China.
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Suzuki K, Gonda K, Kishimoto Y, Katsumoto Y, Takenoshita S. Potential curing and beneficial effects of Ooitabi (Ficus pumila L.) on hypertension and dyslipidaemia in Okinawa. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:395-401. [PMID: 32845065 PMCID: PMC8048928 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 30% of the population of Okinawa Prefecture have a high body mass index. The incidence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia has also increased in recent years. We found that Ooitabi (Ficus pumila L.), a plant native to Okinawa, was useful for hypertension. During ancient times, the extracts of Ooitabi leaves were used for making Ishimaki tea in some areas of Okinawa Prefecture. The plants in Okinawa are rich in antioxidants, and four flavonoid glycosides, including rutin, have been identified in Ooitabi. METHODS In the present study, we conducted clinical verification tests on the effects of drinking Ishimaki tea on outpatients with hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Of 3814 Japanese patients who underwent medical check-ups in Okinawa, 38 individuals with high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, liver dysfunction and gout visited our hospital as outpatients and were asked to drink Ishimaki tea. RESULTS After 3 months, there were significant reductions in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, γ-glutamyltrans peptidase, uric acid and ratio of blood vessel insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Ooitabi extract can lower blood pressure and improve lipid abnormalities and has likely contributed to the well-known health and longevity of the population in Okinawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Suzuki
- Daido Obesity and Metabolism Research CenterNahaJapan
- Daido Central HospitalNahaJapan
| | - K. Gonda
- Daido Obesity and Metabolism Research CenterNahaJapan
- Daido Central HospitalNahaJapan
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Y. Kishimoto
- Executive Office of the GovernorOkinawa Prefectural GovernmentNahaJapan
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Feng W, Ying Z, Ke F, Mei-Lin X. Apigenin suppresses TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis through the downregulation of HIF-1α expression by miR-122-5p. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153481. [PMID: 33607460 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apigenin can reduce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by downregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression. However, its effects on cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and its exact inhibitory molecular mechanisms on HIF-1α remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aims to examine the effects of apigenin on cell proliferation and differentiation, microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p) expression, and HIF-1α-mediated Smad signaling pathway in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated CFs and cardiac fibrosis and to investigate the relationship between miR-122-5p and HIF-1α. METHODS The TGF-β1-stimulated CFs, the combination of TGF-β1-stimulated and miR-122-5p mimic-transfected CFs, the combination of TGF-β1-stimulated and miR-122-5p inhibitor-transfected CFs, and the isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrotic mice were used and treated with or without apigenin. The recombinant lentiviruses overexpressing HIF-1α vector and miR-122-5p mimic were co-transfected to observe their interaction. Related mRNA and protein expressions and myocardial collagen were determined. The luciferase reporter gene that contains HIF-1α wild type or mutant type 3'-UTR was used, and the luciferase activity was determined to verify the direct link between miR-122-5p and HIF-1α. RESULTS In the TGF-β1-stimulated CFs, apigenin treatment increased the miR-122-5p and Smad7 expressions and decreased the HIF-1α, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 expressions. Similar and inverse results were observed in the miR-122-5p mimic- and inhibitor-transfected CFs, respectively. Moreover, the miR-122-5p mimic could antagonize the effects of TGF-β1 in the TGF-β1 and miR-122-5p mimic-combined CFs, and the miR-122-5p inhibitor could enhance the effects of TGF-β1 in the TGF-β1 and miR-122-5p inhibitor-combined CFs. In the two aforementioned cell models, the addition of apigenin could further enhance the effects of miR-122-5p mimic and partially reverse the effects of miR-122-5p inhibitor. After treatment of HIF-1α-transfected CFs with miR-122-5p mimic, the HIF-1α expression decreased. Further study confirmed that HIF-1α was a direct target of miR-122-5p. Apigenin also decreased the myocardial collagen accumulation in cardiac fibrotic mice. CONCLUSION Apigenin could suppress the differentiation and collagen synthesis of TGF-β1-stimulated CFs and mouse cardiac fibrosis, and its mechanisms were related to the increment of miR-122-5p expression and subsequent downregulation of HIF-1α expression via direct interaction, which might finally result in the decrements of Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 expressions and increment of Smad7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao Ying
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xie Mei-Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Manso J, Sharifi-Rad J, Zam W, Tsouh Fokou PV, Martorell M, Pezzani R. Plant Natural Compounds in the Treatment of Adrenocortical Tumors. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5516285. [PMID: 34567112 PMCID: PMC8463247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant natural products are a plethora of diverse and complex molecules produced by the plant secondary metabolism. Among these, many can reserve beneficial or curative properties when employed to treat human diseases. Even in cancer, they can be successfully used and indeed numerous phytochemicals exert antineoplastic activity. The most common molecules derived from plants and used in the fight against cancer are polyphenols, i.e., quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, curcumin, etc. Despite valuable data especially in preclinical models on such compounds, few of them are currently used in the medical practice. Also, in adrenocortical tumors (ACT), phytochemicals are scarcely or not at all used. This work summarizes the available research on phytochemicals used against ACT and adrenocortical cancer, a very rare disease with poor prognosis and high metastatic potential, and wants to contribute to stimulate preclinical and clinical research to find new therapeutic strategies among the overabundance of biomolecules produced by the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Manso
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Wissam Zam
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Dietary Apigenin Reduces Induction of LOX-1 and NLRP3 Expression, Leukocyte Adhesion, and Acetylated Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake in Human Endothelial Cells Exposed to Trimethylamine-N-Oxide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 74:558-565. [PMID: 31815868 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
By inducing vascular inflammation, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and enhanced risk of cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Expression of several genes related to arteriosclerosis, inflammasomes, and endothelial dysfunction was quantified by polymerase chain reaction after exposure to TMAO. LOX-1, ICAM-1, and NLRP3 were also quantified by Western blot, whereas leukocytic adhesion was examined using fluorescently labeled U937 cells. Scavenger receptors, adhesion molecules, and other genes associated with atherosclerosis were induced in endothelial cells exposed to TMAO. On the other hand, apigenin, a flavonoid that is abundant in parsley and celery, prevents initial arteriosclerosis events in endothelial cells. Apigenin reversed the effects of TMAO on mRNA expression of LOX-1, SREC, SR-PSOX, NLRP3, ASC, TXNIP, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1, as well as protein expression of LOX-1, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and the inflammasome protein NLRP3. Apigenin also suppressed leukocyte adhesion and uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. The data indicate that expression of scavenger receptors and adhesion molecules in response to TMAO, along with formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, may drive endothelial dysfunction through uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and lymphocyte adhesion. Apigenin reverses these effects, implying that it may also prevent arteriosclerosis.
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Apigenin protects against ischemia-/hypoxia-induced myocardial injury by mediating pyroptosis and apoptosis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:307-312. [PMID: 32406012 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin is a traditional Chinese medicine found in many plants that plays critical roles in several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the protective effect of apigenin against ischemia/hypoxia (I/H)-induced myocardium injury in vitro and explored the potential molecular mechanisms. Together with the flow cytometry results, our results indicated that apigenin attenuated the pyroptosis and apoptosis of myoblastic H9c2 cells that were induced by I/H injury. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 18, IL-18, and IL-1β) were investigated for the roles of apigenin in I/H-induced myocardium injury. It was observed that increases in IL-1β and IL-18 levels were significantly reduced by apigenin treatment of I/H-induced H9C2 cells. The results demonstrated that apigenin protected H9c2 cells against I/H-induced myocardium injury. The protective effects were most likely related to the reduction of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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He Y, Fang X, Shi J, Li X, Xie M, Liu X. Apigenin attenuates pulmonary hypertension by inducing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of PASMCs via inhibiting the hypoxia inducible factor 1α–KV1.5 channel pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhou P, Hua F, Wang X, Huang JL. Therapeutic potential of IKK-β inhibitors from natural phenolics for inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:19-37. [PMID: 31894515 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is a chronic disease with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Previous studies have suggested that preventing inflammation serves an efficient role in protection against cardiovascular diseases. Modulation of IKK-β activity can be used to treat and control CVDs associated with chronic inflammation, which targets the phosphorylation of IκB following the release of the RelA complex, and then translocates to the nucleus, eventually triggering the transcription of several genes that induce chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Most importantly, the IκB kinase (IKK) complex is involved in transcriptional activation by phosphorylating the inhibitory molecule IkBα, enabling activation of NF-κB. Phenolic compounds possess cardioprotective potential that may be related to modulating inflammatory responses involved in CVDs. The SystemsDock analysis was used to explore whether 38 active compounds inhibit IKK-β activity based on literature. Docking results showed that the top docking score of three chemical compounds were icariin, salvianolic acid B, and plantainoside D in all compounds. Icariin, salvianolic acid B, and plantainoside D are the most promising IKKβ inhibitors. These phytochemicals could be helpful to find the lead compounds on designing and developing novel cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Hua
- Pharmacy School, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China.,Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Lab of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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Vitexin, an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, enhances the radiotherapy sensitization of hyperbaric oxygen on glioma. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1086-1093. [PMID: 31677055 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitexin, an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, has anti-tumor effect. However, whether it can enhance the radiotherapy sensitization of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on glioma is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitexin. METHODS The nude mice with paw-transplanted glioma were divided into four groups: control group, HBO + radiation group, HBO + vitexin group, and HBO + vitexin + radiation group. The mice of last two groups were daily given vitexin 75 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. 30 min after administration of vitexin, the HBO-treated mice were daily placed in HBO chamber for 60 min. The radiation-treated mice were given local tumor irradiation once every week during the HBO treatment, and the dose of irradiation was 10 Gy/time. The experimental treatment lasted for 21 days. RESULTS Compared with the HBO + radiation group, the tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor weight coefficient in the HBO + vitexin + radiation group were lower (p < 0.05). Importantly, the contents of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase as well as expressions of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter (GLUT)-1, and GLUT-3 proteins in tumor tissues were also lower in the HBO + vitexin + radiation group than in the HBO + radiation group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Vitexin can cooperate with HBO to sensitize the glioma radiotherapy, and its mechanisms may be correlated to the inhibition of HIF-1α protein expression and subsequent decrements of its downstream protein expressions, which finally cause the reduction of antioxidant capacity.
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Lu J, Meng Z, Cheng B, Liu M, Tao S, Guan S. Apigenin reduces the excessive accumulation of lipids induced by palmitic acid via the AMPK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2965-2971. [PMID: 31572539 PMCID: PMC6755459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to diseases caused by excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver with therapeutic agents derived from natural products offering an alternative treatment to conventional therapies. Among these therapeutic agents, apigenin, a natural flavonoid, has been proven to exert various beneficial biological effects. In the present study, the antiadipogenic effects of apigenin in HepG2 cells was investigated. It was demonstrated that the treatment of cells with different concentrations of apigenin for 24 h significantly decreased the palmitic acid-induced increases in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels as well as intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, apigenin increased the phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels but decreased the expression levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, fatty acid synthase, and SREBP-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The present findings suggested that apigenin might improve lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK/SREBP pathway to reduce lipid accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoqun Meng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Bijun Cheng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Meitong Liu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
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Zhu ZY, Wang F, Jia CH, Xie ML. Apigenin-induced HIF-1α inhibitory effect improves abnormal glucolipid metabolism in AngⅡ/hypoxia-stimulated or HIF-1α-overexpressed H9c2 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152713. [PMID: 31078968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound, can improve the myocardial abnormal glucolipid metabolism and down-regulate the myocardial hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophic rats. However, whether or not the ameliorative effect of glucolipid metabolism is from the reduction of HIF-1α expression remains uncertain. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the exact relationship between them in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)/hypoxia-stimulated or HIF-1α overexpressed H9c2 cells. METHODS Two cell models with Ang Ⅱ/hypoxia-induced hypertrophy and HIF-1α overexpression were established. After treatment of the cells with different concentrations of apigenin, the levels of total protein, free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose were detected by the colorimetric method, the level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was detected by the ELISA method, and the expressions of HIF-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ (PPARα/γ), carnitine palmitoyltmnsferase-1 (CPT-1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase genes (GPAT), and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) proteins were detected by the Western blot assay. RESULTS Following treatment of the both model cells with apigenin 1-10 μM for 24 h, the levels of intracellular total protein, ANP, and FFA were decreased, while the level of cultured supernatant glucose was increased. Importantly, apigenin treatment could inhibit the expressions of HIF-1α, PPARγ, GPAT, and GLUT-4 proteins, and increase the expressions of PPARα, CPT-1, and PDK-4 proteins. CONCLUSION Apigenin could exert an ameliorative effect on abnormal glucolipid metabolism in AngⅡ/hypoxia-stimulated or HIF-1α-overexpressed H9c2 cells, and its mechanisms were associated with the inhibition of HIF-1α expression and subsequent upregulation of PPARα-mediated CPT-1 and PDK-4 expressions and downregulation of PPARγ-mediated GPAT and GLUT-4 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang-Hao Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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BH3 mimetic ABT-263 enhances the anticancer effects of apigenin in tumor cells with activating EGFR mutation. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:60. [PMID: 31367332 PMCID: PMC6651933 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most successful targets in cancer targeted therapy. While this treatment has benefited many patients with an activating EGFR mutation (EGFRm), almost all those who initially benefited will eventually develop acquired drug resistance (ADR) after a certain period of time. New therapeutic strategies need to be explored to treat EGFRm tumors and overcome or minimize this recurring ADR. Results Our data showed that apigenin alone has only mild inhibitory effects on EGFRm tumor cells. By drug screening, we found that ABT-263 can significantly enhance the antitumor activities of apigenin in tumor cells harbouring an activating EGFR mutation and AZD9291-resistant H1975 cells. Mechanistically, apigenin upregulated the expression of Noxa in EGFRm tumor cells by targeting the AKT-FoxO3a pathway, thereby synergizing with ABT-263 to suppress tumor cell growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our study provides a rationale for the clinical application of the combination treatment of apigenin and BH3 mimetics in the treatment of EGFRm tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-019-0322-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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In vitro and in vivo activities of flavonoids – apigenin, baicalin, chrysin, scutellarin – in regulation of hypertension – a review for their possible effects in pregnancy-induced hypertension. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Flavonoids and their conjugates are the most important group of natural chemical compounds in drug discovery and development. The search for pharmacological activity and new mechanisms of activity of these chemical compounds, which may inhibit mediators of inflammation and influence the structure and function of endothelial cells, can be an interesting pharmacological strategy for the prevention and adjunctive treatments of hypertension, especially induced by pregnancy. Because cardiovascular diseases have multi-factorial pathogenesis these natural chemical compounds with wide spectrum of biological activities are the most interesting source of new drugs. Extracts from one of the most popular plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a very interesting source of flavonoids because of its exact content in quercetin, apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin as well as in baicalin. These flavonoids exert vasoprotective properties and many activities such as: anti-oxidative via several pathways, anti-in-flammatory, anti-ischaemic, cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive. However, there is lack of summaries of results of studies in context of potential and future application of flavonoids with determined composition and activity. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo pharmacological studies of selected flavonoids (apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin, baicalin) in various models of hypertension carried out in 2008–2018.
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Wang J, Gao T, Wang F, Xue J, Ye H, Xie M. Luteolin improves myocardial cell glucolipid metabolism by inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression in angiotensin II/hypoxia-induced hypertrophic H9c2 cells. Nutr Res 2019; 65:63-70. [PMID: 30954346 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, can attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that luteolin may also improve the abnormal glucolipid metabolism of hypertrophic myocardial cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect and possible molecular mechanisms of luteolin. Hypertrophic H9c2 cells were induced by angiotensin II/hypoxia and simultaneously treated with 2 to 8 μg/mL luteolin for 24 h. Luteolin might dose-dependently decrease intracellular total protein, atrial natriuretic peptide, and free fatty acid levels, and increase supernatant glucose levels. Western blot assay showed that luteolin could inhibit the expressions of intracellular hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) proteins, and increase the expressions of intracellular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT-1A), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) proteins. These findings demonstrate that luteolin can improve abnormal glucolipid metabolism in angiotensin II/hypoxia-induced hypertrophic H9c2 cells, and its mechanisms are related to the inhibition of HIF-1α expression and subsequent modulation of PPARα-mediated target genes, including CPT-1A, PDK-4, and GLUT-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Potshangbam AM, Polavarapu R, Rathore RS, Naresh D, Prabhu NP, Potshangbam N, Kumar P, Vindal V. MedPServer: A database for identification of therapeutic targets and novel leads pertaining to natural products. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:438-446. [PMID: 30381914 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been the source of treatment for various human diseases from time immemorial. Interests in natural product-based scaffolds for the discovery of modern drugs have grown in recent years. However, research on exploring the traditional medicinal systems for modern therapeutics is severely limited due to our incomplete understanding of the therapeutic mechanism of action. One possible solution is to develop computational approaches, based on ligand- and structure-based screening tools, for fast and plausible target identification, leading to elucidation of the therapeutic mechanism. In the present work, we present two methods based on shape-based and pharmacophore search to predict targets of natural products and elucidate their mechanism, and to identify natural product-based leads. These methods were tested on an in-house developed database of medicinal plants that include information from a largely unexplored North-East region of India, known as one of the twelve mega biodiversity regions. However, depending on the choice of the lead molecules, any existing databases can be used for screening. MedPServer is an open access resource available at http://bif.uohyd.ac.in/medserver/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angamba Meetei Potshangbam
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Raja Polavarapu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ravindranath Singh Rathore
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Damuka Naresh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagu Prakash Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Pravind Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Vindal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Zhang N, Wei WY, Li LL, Hu C, Tang QZ. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:122. [PMID: 29497382 PMCID: PMC5818417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, in response to injury and stress, is central to a broad constellation of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrosis decreases myocardial wall compliance due to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, leading to impaired systolic and diastolic function and causing arrhythmogenesis. Although some conventional drugs, such as β-blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, have been shown to alleviate cardiac fibrosis in clinical trials, these traditional therapies do not tend to target all the fibrosis-associated mechanisms, and do not hamper the progression of cardiac fibrosis in patients with heart failure. Polyphenols are present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages and had been proposed as attenuators of cardiac fibrosis in different models of cardiovascular diseases. Together with results found in the literature, we can show that some polyphenols exert anti-fibrotic and myocardial protective effects by mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrotic molecular signals. This review considers an overview of the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis, illustrates their involvement in different animal models of cardiac fibrosis treated with some polyphenols and projects the future direction and therapeutic potential of polyphenols on cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Yan X, Qi M, Li P, Zhan Y, Shao H. Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:50. [PMID: 29034071 PMCID: PMC5629766 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a common dietary flavonoid that is abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables and Chinese medicinal herbs and serves multiple physiological functions, such as strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities and blood pressure reduction. Therefore, apigenin has been used as a traditional medicine for centuries. Recently, apigenin has been widely investigated for its anti-cancer activities and low toxicity. Apigenin was reported to suppress various human cancers in vitro and in vivo by multiple biological effects, such as triggering cell apoptosis and autophagy, inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, and stimulating an immune response. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the anti-cancer effects of apigenin and their underlying mechanisms, and we summarize the signaling pathways modulated by apigenin, including the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. We also discuss combinatorial strategies to enhance the anti-cancer effect of apigenin on various cancers and its use as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent to overcome cancer drug resistance or to alleviate other adverse effects of chemotherapy. The functions of apigenin against cancer stem cells are also summarized and discussed. These data demonstrate that apigenin is a promising reagent for cancer therapy. Apigenin appears to have the potential to be developed either as a dietary supplement or as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Miao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Yihong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
| | - Huanjie Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119 China
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Apigenin Alleviates Endotoxin-Induced Myocardial Toxicity by Modulating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2302896. [PMID: 28828145 PMCID: PMC5554558 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2302896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a component in daily diets, demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we intended to explore the mechanism of apigenin-mediated endotoxin-induced myocardial injury and its role in the interplay among inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. In our lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced myocardial injury model, apigenin ameliorated cardiac injury (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK)), cell death (TUNEL staining, DNA fragmentation, and PARP activity), and tissue damage (cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac myosin light chain-1 (cMLC1)) and improved cardiac function (ejection fraction (EF) and end diastolic left ventricular inner dimension (LVID)). Apigenin also alleviated endotoxin-induced myocardial injury by modulating oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-1α, and MIP-2) along with their master regulator NFκB. Apigenin modulated redox homeostasis, and its anti-inflammatory role might be associated with its ability to control autophagy. Autophagy (determined by LAMP1, ATG5, and p62), its transcriptional regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB), and downstream target genes including vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 (Vps11) and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (Map1lc3) were modulated by apigenin. Thus, our study demonstrated that apigenin may lead to potential development of new target in sepsis treatment or other myocardial oxidative and/or inflammation-induced injuries.
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The Protective Effect of Apigenin on Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats mediating Activation of the PPAR-γ Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040756. [PMID: 28375162 PMCID: PMC5412341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We substantiated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) activation in the protective effect of apigenin against the myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). The study groups included diabetic rats receiving vehicle, apigenin (75 mg/kg/day, orally), GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally), and a combination of apigenin and GW9662 for 14 days. The MI was induced in all the study groups except the diabetic control group by subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol on the two terminal days. The diabetes and isoproterenol-induced MI was evident as a reduction in the maximal positive and negative rate of developed left ventricular pressure and an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The activities of creatine kinase on myocardial bundle (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also reduced. Apigenin treatment prevented the hemodynamic perturbations, restored the left ventricular function and reinstated a balanced redox status. It protected rats against an MI by attenuating myonecrosis, edema, cell death, and oxidative stress. GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist reversed the myocardial protection conferred by apigenin. Further, an increase in the PPAR-γ expression in the myocardium of the rats receiving apigenin reinforces the role of PPAR-γ pathway activation in the cardioprotective effects of apigenin.
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Zhou X, Wang F, Zhou R, Song X, Xie M. Apigenin: A current review on its beneficial biological activities. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Ruijun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Xiuming Song
- Lianyungang Runzhong Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.; Lianyungang Jiangsu Province 222069 China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
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