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Kumar S, Sinclair JA, Shi T, Chuang HS, Senapati S, Chang HC. Immunojanus Particles for low-volume and isolation-free unlabeled characterization of small Extracellular Vesicle in biofluids: Characterization of disease type by surface marker profiling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.17.607528. [PMID: 39229167 PMCID: PMC11370386 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.17.607528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are vital for cellular communication and serve as critical biomarker carriers for diseases such as cancer. However, quantifying and profiling sEV surface markers presents significant challenges due to the low concentration of specific sEV-bound proteins and interference by more abundant dispersed proteins. This paper presents Immunojanus Particles (IJPs), a new method that enables the direct detection of sEVs in less than an hour without isolation. The design of IJPs incorporates fluorescent and non-fluorescent halves, utilizing rotational Brownian motion to detect captured sEVs through the change in the blinking rate, without interference from the smaller dispersed proteins. We demonstrate a detection limit of 2E5 sEVs/mL with low sample volumes and the capability to characterize sEVs directly from plasma, serum, cell culture media, and urine. In a small pilot study involving 87 subjects, including individuals with colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy controls, our method accurately identified the type of disease with high 0.90-0.99 AUC in a blind setting. Compared with an orthogonal ultracentrifugation plus surface plasmon resonance (UC+SPR) method that requires about 24 hours, the sensitivity and dynamic range of IJP are better by 2 logs.
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2
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Kumar S, Senapati S, Chang HC. Extracellular vesicle and lipoprotein diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) with membrane sensor: A robust microfluidic platform to overcome heterogeneity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:041301. [PMID: 39056024 PMCID: PMC11272220 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The physiological origins and functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and lipoproteins (LPs) propel advancements in precision medicine by offering non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic prospects for cancers, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, EV/LP diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) face considerable challenges. Their intrinsic heterogeneity, spanning biogenesis pathways, surface protein composition, and concentration metrics complicate traditional diagnostic approaches. Commonly used methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear magnetic resonance do not provide any information about their proteomic subfractions, including active proteins/enzymes involved in essential pathways/functions. Size constraints limit the efficacy of flow cytometry for small EVs and LPs, while ultracentrifugation isolation is hampered by co-elution with non-target entities. In this perspective, we propose a charge-based electrokinetic membrane sensor, with silica nanoparticle reporters providing salient features, that can overcome the interference, long incubation time, sensitivity, and normalization issues of ExoLP-Dx from raw plasma without needing sample pretreatment/isolation. A universal EV/LP standard curve is obtained despite their heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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3
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Miller CL, Herrmann M, Carter DRF, Turner N, Samuel P, Patel BA. Monitoring the electroactive cargo of extracellular vesicles can differentiate various cancer cell lines. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116224. [PMID: 38513539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are pivotal in cell-to-cell communication due to the array of cargo contained within these vesicles. EVs are considered important biomarkers for identification of disease, however most measurement approaches have focused on monitoring specific surface macromolecular targets. Our study focuses on exploring the electroactive component present within cargo from EVs obtained from various cancer and non-cancer cell lines using a disk carbon fiber microelectrode. Variations in the presence of oxidizable components were observed when the total cargo from EVs were measured, with the highest current detected in EVs from MCF7 cells. There were differences observed in the types of oxidizable species present within EVs from MCF7 and A549 cells. Single entity measurements showed clear spikes due to the detection of oxidizable cargo within EVs from MCF7 and A549 cells. These studies highlight the promise of monitoring EVs through the presence of varying electroactive components within the cargo and can drive a wave of new strategies towards specific detection of EVs for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Miller
- School of Applied Sciences, Italy; Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Mareike Herrmann
- School of Applied Sciences, Italy; Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - David R F Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Nicholas Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Applied Sciences, Italy; Centre for Lifelong Health, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
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Lin S, Riaud A, Zhou J. Selective Sparse Sampling of Water Droplets in Oil with Acoustic Tweezers. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2066-2074. [PMID: 38627252 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
In microfluidics, water droplets are often used as independent biochemical microreactor units, enabling the implementation of massively parallel screening assays where only a few of the reacting water droplets yield a positive result. However, sampling the product of these few successful reactions is an unsolved challenge. One possible solution is to use acoustic tweezers, which are lab-free, easily miniaturized, and biocompatible manipulation tools, and existing acoustic tweezers manipulating particles or cells, and water droplet manipulation in oil with an acoustic tweezer is absent. The first challenge in attempting to recover a few water droplets from a large batch is the selective manipulation of water droplets in an oil system. In this paper, we trap and manipulate single water droplets in oil using integrated single-beam (focused beam/vortex beam) acoustic tweezers for the first time. We find that water droplets with a diameter smaller than half a wavelength are trapped by acoustic vortices, while larger ones are better captured by focused acoustic beams. It is the first step to extract the target water droplet microreactors (positive ones) in an oil system and analyze their content. Compared to previous techniques, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), our technique is sparse, meaning that the sampling time is proportional to the number of droplets required and very insensitive to the total number of microreactors, making it well suited for large-scale screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Antoine Riaud
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zhou Y, Feng J, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Ding H, Jiang K, Ji H, Tang Z, Dai R. Knowledge mapping and research trends of exosomes in pancreatic cancer: a bibliometric analysis and review (2013-2023). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1362436. [PMID: 38720811 PMCID: PMC11076735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1362436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to provide a quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis of literature from 2013 to 2023 on the role of exosomes in PC, with the goal of identifying current trends and predicting future hotspots. Methods We retrieved relevant publications concerning exosomes in PC, published between 2013 and 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using VOSviewer(1.6.19), CiteSpace(6.2.R4), and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results A total of 624 papers were analyzed, authored by 4017 researchers from 55 countries/regions and 855 institutions, published in 258 academic journals. China (n=285, 34.42%) and the United States (n=183, 24.87%) were the most frequent contributors and collaborated closely. However, publications from China had a relatively low average number of citations (41.45 times per paper). The output of Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked first, with 28 papers (accounting for 4.5% of the total publications). Cancers (n=31, 4.9%); published the most papers in this field. Researcher Margot Zoeller published the most papers (n=12) on this topic. Research hotspots mainly focused on the mechanisms of exosomes in PC onset and progression, the role of exosomes in PC early diagnosis and prognosis, exosomes promote the development of PC chemoresistance, and potential applications of exosomes as drug carriers for PC therapies. We observed a shift in research trends, from mechanistic studies toward clinical trials, suggesting that clinical applications will be the focus of future attention. Emerging topics were pancreatic stellate cells, diagnostic biomarkers, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles. Conclusion Our scientometric and visual analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the role of exosomes in PC published during 2013-2023. This review identifies the frontiers and future directions in this area over the past decade, and is expected to provide a useful reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zhou
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Ding
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Ji
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiwu Dai
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Huang CK, Lin YN, Huang WS, Senapati S, Chang HC, Sun YM, Huang LF. RNA-based detection of genetically modified plants via current-voltage characteristic measurement. J Biotechnol 2024; 383:27-38. [PMID: 38336281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops has escalated concerns about their safety and ethical implications, underscoring the need for efficient GM crop detection methods. Conventional detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, can be costly, lab-bound, and time-consuming. To overcome these challenges, we have developed RapiSense, a cost-effective, portable, and sensitive biosensor platform. This sensor generates a measurable voltage shift (0.1-1 V) in the system's current-voltage characteristics, triggered by an increase in membrane's negative charge upon hybridization of DNA/RNA targets with a specific DNA probe. Probes designed to identify the herbicide resistance gene hygromycin phosphotransferase show a detection range from ∼1 nM to ∼10 μM and can discriminate between complementary, non-specific, and mismatched nucleotide targets. The incorporation of a small membrane sensor to detect fragmented RNA samples substantially improve the platform's sensitivity. In this study, RapiSense has been effectively used to detect specific DNA and fragmented RNA in transgenic variants of Arabidopsis, sweet potato, and rice, showcasing its potential for rapid, on-site GM crop screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Nan Lin
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shan Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yi-Ming Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China; R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University, Taoyuan 320071, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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7
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Husseini AA, Yazdani AM, Ghadiri F, Şişman A. Developing a surface acoustic wave-induced microfluidic cell lysis device for point-of-care DNA amplification. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:e2300230. [PMID: 38187928 PMCID: PMC10765258 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a microchip device using surface acoustic waves (SAW) and sharp-edge glass microparticles to rapidly lyse low-level cell samples. This microchip features a 13-finger pair interdigital transducer (IDT) with a 30-degree focused angle, creating high-intensity acoustic beams converging 6 mm away at a 16 MHz frequency. Cell lysis is achieved through centrifugal forces acting on Candida albicans cells and glass particles within the focal area. To optimize this SAW-induced streaming, we conducted 42 pilot experiments, varying electrical power, droplet volume, glass particle size, concentration, and lysis time, resulting in optimal conditions: an electrical signal of 2.5 W, a 20 μL sample volume, glass particle size below 10 μm, concentration of 0.2 μg, and a 5-min lysis period. We successfully amplified DNA target fragments directly from the lysate, demonstrating an efficient microchip-based cell lysis method. When combined with an isothermal amplification technique, this technology holds promise for rapid point-of-care (POC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Husseini
- Life Science and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research CenterIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Ali Mohammad Yazdani
- Mechanical Engineering ProgramFaculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Machine Program, Vocational SchoolNişantaşı UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Fatemeh Ghadiri
- Life Science and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research CenterIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Computer EngineeringIstanbul University CerrahpaşaIstanbulTurkey
| | - Alper Şişman
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering ProgramFaculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology and Application Center (SUNUM)Sabanci UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer ScienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
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8
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Trujillo RM, Almanza G, Sanchez-Saldaña D, Rosand Ø, Høydal M, Fernandino M, Dorao CA. In-droplet cell lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells via surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4773-4782. [PMID: 37822298 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Although several lysis methods are available, biomedical applications are pushing the demand for miniaturised systems and thus for new ways to lyse cells in small volumes. In this work, we demonstrate in-droplet cell lysis of AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells in 20 μL droplets using high frequency surface acoustic waves. The acoustic streaming leads to high shear flow creating porous or breaking the cell membrane and releasing intracellular material. Contrary to previous work where the lysis efficiency is measured by a cell-permeant dye that can be used to determine cell viability, here we propose to quantify the DNA extracted from the cells as a measure of the lysis efficiency. This reagent-free method provides a valuable cell lysis alternative for many biological and biomedical applications, particularly for the development of point-of-care platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Trujillo
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - G Almanza
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - D Sanchez-Saldaña
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ø Rosand
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Høydal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Fernandino
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - C A Dorao
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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9
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Nam H, Park JE, Waheed W, Alazzam A, Sung HJ, Jeon JS. Acoustofluidic lysis of cancer cells and Raman spectrum profiling. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4117-4125. [PMID: 37655531 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The lysis of cancer cells inside a sessile droplet was performed using traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) without any chemical reagents. Raman spectrum profiling was then carried out to explore detailed cell-derived data. The Rayleigh waves formed by an interdigital transducer were made to propagate along the surface of an LiNbO3 substrate. Polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs) were used to establish mechanical cell lysis effectively, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were added to enhance the Raman signals from the lysed cells by SAWs. The lysis efficiency was evaluated according to the size and concentration of the PSMPs in experiments where the frequency was varied. Lysis occurred mainly by mechanical collision using PSMPs in a high-frequency domain, and the lysis efficiency was improved by increasing the application time and the energy density of the SAWs. Raman signals from the lysed cells were greatly enhanced by nanogaps formed by the AuNPs, which were evenly distributed irrespective of the SAWs through the frequency-independent behavior of the AuNPs. Finally, detailed Raman spectra of MDA-MB-231, malignant breast cancer cells, were acquired, and various organic matter-derived peaks were observed. The 95% confidence region for cells subjected to lysis was more widely distributed than that of cells not subjected to lysis. The proposed SAW platform is expected to facilitate the detection of small quantities and to be applied in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeono Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York Korea, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Taylor AN, Huang Y, Sircher C, Khalife S, Bhethanabotla V, Evans-Nguyen T. Shake It Off! Acoustic Manipulation of Lipid Vesicles for Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13497-13502. [PMID: 37647606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing lipid assemblies, including liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs), is challenging due to their size, diverse composition, and tendency to aggregate. Such vesicles form with a simple phospholipid bilayer membrane, and they play important roles in drug discovery and delivery. The use of mass spectrometry (MS) allows for broad analysis of lipids from different classes; however, their release from the higher order structural aggregates is typically achieved by chemical means. Mechanical disruption by high frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW) is presented as an appealing alternative to preparing lipid vesicles for MS sampling. In this work, SAWs used to disrupt liposomes allow for the direct analysis of their constituent lipids by employing SAW nebulization with corona discharge (CD) ionization. We explore the effects of duration, frequency, and incorporation of nonpolar lipids, including cholesterol, on the SAW's ability to disrupt the liposome. We also report on the successful MS analysis of liposome-derived lipids along with cytochrome C in solution, thus demonstrating applications to aqueous samples and native MS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton N Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yuqi Huang
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Cheyenne Sircher
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Sandra Khalife
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Venkat Bhethanabotla
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Theresa Evans-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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11
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Yan H, Han S, Hughes S, Zeng Y. Extraction-free, one-pot CRISPR/Cas12a detection of microRNAs directly from extracellular vesicles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10165-10168. [PMID: 37531174 PMCID: PMC10478011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02982d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNA analysis mostly require RNA extraction, which results in a multi-step, time-consuming workflow. This study reports an extraction-free method that combines thermolysis treatment of EVs with a one-pot EXTRA-CRISPR assay, enabling the vastly simplified analysis of EV miRNAs with a comparable performance to that of the extraction-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Song Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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12
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Gouda M, Ghazzawy HS, Alqahtani N, Li X. The Recent Development of Acoustic Sensors as Effective Chemical Detecting Tools for Biological Cells and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2023; 28:4855. [PMID: 37375410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant developed technologies is the use of acoustic waves to determine the chemical structures of biological tissues and their bioactivities. In addition, the use of new acoustic techniques for in vivo visualizing and imaging of animal and plant cellular chemical compositions could significantly help pave the way toward advanced analytical technologies. For instance, acoustic wave sensors (AWSs) based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were used to identify the aromas of fermenting tea such as linalool, geraniol, and trans-2-hexenal. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of advanced acoustic technologies for tracking the composition changes in plant and animal tissues. In addition, a few key configurations of the AWS sensors and their different wave pattern applications in biomedical and microfluidic media progress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Gouda
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hesham S Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Nashi Alqahtani
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Abdelaziz MH, El Sawy EN, Abdelnaser A. A Novel Electrochemical Differentiation between Exosomal-RNA of Breast Cancer MCF7 and MCF7/ADR-Resistant Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040540. [PMID: 37111297 PMCID: PMC10145523 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the most burdensome diseases affecting lives and, hence, the economy. Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Patients with breast cancer are divided into two groups: one group responds to the chemotherapy, and the other group resists the chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the group which resists the chemotherapy is still suffering the pain associated with the severe side effects of the chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a critical need for a method to differentiate between both groups before the administration of the chemotherapy. Exosomes, the recently discovered nano-vesicles, are often used as cancer diagnostic biomarkers as their unique composition allows them to represent their parental cells, which makes them promising indicators for tumor prognosis. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and RNA that exist in most body fluids and are expelled by multiple cell types, including cancer cells. Furthermore, exosomal RNA has been significantly used as a promising biomarker for tumor prognosis. Herein, we have developed an electrochemical system that could successfully differentiate between MCF7 and MCF7/ADR depending on the exosomal RNA. The high sensitivity of the proposed electrochemical assay opens the door for further investigation that will address the other type of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Abdelaziz
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ehab N El Sawy
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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14
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McCarthy KP, Go DB, Senapati S, Chang HC. An integrated ion-exchange membrane-based microfluidic device for irreversible dissociation and quantification of miRNA from ribonucleoproteins. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:285-294. [PMID: 36524732 PMCID: PMC10697430 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00517d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), particularly microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), have been associated with cancer-related gene regulation. Specific RNA-protein associations in miRISC complexes or those found in let-7 lin28A complexes can downregulate tumor-suppressing genes and can be directly linked to cancer. The high protein-RNA electrostatic binding affinity is a particular challenge for the quantification of the associated microRNAs (miRNAs). We report here the first microfluidic point-of-care assay that allows direct quantification of RNP-associated RNAs, which has the potential to greatly advance RNP profiling for liquid biopsy. Key to the technology is an integrated cation-anion exchange membrane (CEM/AEM) platform for rapid and irreversible dissociation (k = 0.0025 s-1) of the RNP (Cas9-miR-21) complex and quantification of its associated miR-21 in 40 minutes. The CEM-induced depletion front is used to concentrate the RNP at the depletion front such that the high electric field (>100 V cm-1) within the concentration boundary layer induces irreversible dissociation of the low KD (∼0.5 nM) complex, with ∼100% dissociation even though the association rate (kon = 6.1 s-1) is 1000 times higher. The high field also electrophoretically drives the dissociated RNA out of the concentrated zone without reassociation. A detection limit of 1.1 nM is achieved for Cy3 labelled miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P McCarthy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - David B Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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15
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Muthamilselvan S, Ramasami Sundhar Baabu P, Palaniappan A. Microfluidics for Profiling miRNA Biomarker Panels in AI-Assisted Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231185284. [PMID: 37365928 PMCID: PMC10331788 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231185284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancers and their precise subtyping are essential to patient stratification and effective cancer management. Data-driven identification of expression biomarkers coupled with microfluidics-based detection shows promise to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs play key roles in cancers and afford detection in tissue and liquid biopsies. In this review, we focus on the microfluidics-based detection of miRNA biomarkers in AI-based models for early-stage cancer subtyping and prognosis. We describe various subclasses of miRNA biomarkers that could be useful in machine-based predictive modeling of cancer staging and progression. Strategies for optimizing the feature space of miRNA biomarkers are necessary to obtain a robust signature panel. This is followed by a discussion of the issues in model construction and validation towards producing Software-as-Medical-Devices (SaMDs). Microfluidic devices could facilitate the multiplexed detection of miRNA biomarker panels, and an overview of the different strategies for designing such microfluidic systems is presented here, with an outline of the detection principles used and the corresponding performance measures. Microfluidics-based profiling of miRNAs coupled with SaMD represent high-performance point-of-care solutions that would aid clinical decision-making and pave the way for accessible precision personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Muthamilselvan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Kumar K, Kim E, Alhammadi M, Umapathi R, Aliya S, Tiwari JN, Park HS, Choi JH, Son CY, Vilian AE, Han YK, Bu J, Huh YS. Recent advances in microfluidic approaches for the isolation and detection of exosomes. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Song S, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. In vitro diagnostic technologies for the detection of extracellular vesicles: current status and future directions. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Sino‐Danish College Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Sino‐Danish College Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Haidian Beijing China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Sino‐Danish College Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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18
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Hsu CC, Wu Y. Recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled biosensors for detection of exosomes as new cancer liquid biopsy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2152-2172. [PMID: 35938477 PMCID: PMC9837302 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer liquid biopsy detects circulating biomarkers in body fluids, provides information that complements medical imaging and tissue biopsy, allows sequential monitoring of cancer development, and, therefore, has shown great promise in cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. Exosomes (also known as small extracellular vesicles) are cell-secreted, nanosized vesicles that transport biomolecules such as proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. Exosomes are actively involved in cancer development and progression and have become promising circulating biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. Conventional exosome characterization methods such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are limited by low sensitivity, tedious process, large sample volume, and high cost. To overcome these challenges, new biosensors have been developed to offer sensitive, simple, fast, high throughput, low sample consumption, and cost-effective detection of exosomal biomarkers. In this review, we summarized recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled biosensors that detect exosomal RNAs (both microRNAs and mRNAs) and proteins for cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. The biosensors were grouped based on their sensing mechanisms, including fluorescence-based biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, electrical/electrochemical biosensors, plasmonics-based biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and photothermal biosensors. The future directions for the development of exosome-based biosensors were discussed.
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19
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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20
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Khashayar P, Al-Madhagi S, Azimzadeh M, Scognamiglio V, Arduini F. New frontiers in microfluidics devices for miRNA analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Xu H, Ye BC. Integrated microfluidic platforms for tumor-derived exosome analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Sessile Drop Method: Critical Analysis and Optimization for Measuring the Contact Angle of an Ion-Exchange Membrane Surface. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080765. [PMID: 36005679 PMCID: PMC9412394 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The contact angle between a membrane surface and a waterdrop lying on its surface provides important information about the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the membrane. This method is well-developed for solid non-swelling materials. However, ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are gel-like solids that swell in liquids. When an IEM is exposed to air, its degree of swelling changes rapidly, making it difficult to measure the contact angle. In this paper, we examine the known experience of measuring contact angles and suggest a simple equipment that allows the membrane to remain swollen during measurements. An optimized protocol makes it possible to obtain reliable and reproducible results. Measuring parameters such as drop size, water dosing speed and others are optimized. Contact angle measurements are shown for a large number of commercial membranes. These data are supplemented with values from other surface characteristics from optical and profilometric measurements.
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23
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Ellis BW, Ronan G, Ren X, Bahcecioglu G, Senapati S, Anderson D, Handberg E, March KL, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. Human Heart Anoxia and Reperfusion Tissue (HEART) Model for the Rapid Study of Exosome Bound miRNA Expression As Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201330. [PMID: 35670145 PMCID: PMC9283287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current biomarkers for myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis are typically late markers released upon cell death, incapable of distinguishing between ischemic and reperfusion injury and can be symptoms of other pathologies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been proposed as alternative biomarkers for MI diagnosis; however, detecting the changes in the human cardiac miRNA profile during MI is extremely difficult. Here, to study the changes in miRNA levels during acute MI, a heart-on-chip model with a cardiac channel, containing human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes in human heart decellularized matrix and collagen, and a vascular channel, containing hiPSC-derived endothelial cells, is developed. This model is exposed to anoxia followed by normoxia to mimic ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. Using a highly sensitive miRNA biosensor that the authors developed, the exact same increase in miR-1, miR-208b, and miR-499 levels in the MI-on-chip and the time-matched human blood plasma samples collected before and after ischemia and reperfusion, is shown. That the surface marker profile of exosomes in the engineered model changes in response to ischemic and reperfusion injury, which can be used as biomarkers to detect MI, is also shown. Hence, the MI-on-chip model developed here can be used in biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - George Ronan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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24
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Adampourezare M, Hasanzadeh M, Seidi F. Microfluidic assisted recognition of miRNAs towards point-of-care diagnosis: Technical and analytical overview towards biosensing of short stranded single non-coding oligonucleotides. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113365. [PMID: 35785705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short stranded single non-coding oligonucleotides that play an important role in regulating gene expression. MiRNAs are stable in RNase enriched environments such as human body fluids and their dysregulation or abnormal abundance in human body fluids as a diagnostic biomarker has been associated with several diseases. Due to the low concentration of miRNAs, it is difficult to detect using interactive methods (ideal detection limit is femtomolar range). However, clinicians lack sensitive and reliable methods for quantifying miRNA. Microfluidic devices integrated with electrochemical, optical (fluorometric, SERs, FRET, colorimetric), electrochemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical signal readout led to development innovative diagnostic device test, can probably overcome the limitations of the traditional methods. In the present review, microfluid methods for the sensitive and selective recognition of miRNA in various biological matrices are surveyed. Also, advantages and limitation of recognition methods on the performance and efficiency of microfluidic based biosensing of miRNAs are critically investigated. Finally, the future perspectives on the diagnosis of disease based on microfluidic analysis of miRNAs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Adampourezare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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25
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Li W, Chaihu L, Jiang J, Wu B, Zheng X, Dai R, Tian Y, Huang Y, Wang G, Men Y. Microfluidic Platform for Time-Resolved Characterization of Protein Higher-Order Structures and Dynamics Using Top-Down Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7520-7527. [PMID: 35584038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of protein higher-order structures and dynamics is essential for understanding the biological functions of proteins and revealing the underlying mechanisms. Top-down mass spectrometry (MS) accesses structural information at both the intact protein level and the peptide fragment level. Native top-down MS allows analysis of a protein complex's architecture and subunits' identity and modifications. Top-down hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) MS offers high spatial resolution for conformational or binding interface analysis and enables conformer-specific characterization. A microfluidic chip can provide superior performance for front-end reactions useful for these MS workflows, such as flexibility in manipulating multiple reactant flows, integrating various functional modules, and automation. However, most microchip-MS devices are designed for bottom-up approaches or top-down proteomics. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for designing a microchip for top-down MS analysis of protein higher-order structures and dynamics. It is suitable for time-resolved native MS and HDX MS, with designs aiming for efficient ionization of intact protein complexes, flexible manipulation of multiple reactant flows, and precise control of reaction times over a broad range of flow rates on the submicroliter per minute scale. The performance of the prototype device is demonstrated by measurements of systems including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-antigen complexes, and coexisting protein conformers. This strategy may benefit elaborate structural analysis of biomacromolecules and inspire method development using the microchip-MS approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lingxiao Chaihu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Institute of Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Jialu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bizhu Wu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rongrong Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Institute of Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Institute of Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute of Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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26
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Al Sulaiman D, Juthani N, Doyle PS. Quantitative and Multiplex Detection of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNA via Rolling Circle Amplification within Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102332. [PMID: 35029040 PMCID: PMC9117410 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNA (EV-miRNA) represent a promising cancer biomarker for disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, existing techniques to detect EV-miRNA rely on complex, bias-prone strategies, and preprocessing steps, making absolute quantification highly challenging. This work demonstrates the development and application of a method for quantitative and multiplex detection of EV-miRNA, via rolling circle amplification within encoded hydrogel particles. By a one-pot extracellular vesicle lysis and microRNA capture step, the bias and losses associated with standard RNA extraction techniques is avoided. The system offers a large dynamic range (3 orders of magnitude), ease of multiplexing, and a limit of detection down to 2.3 zmol (46 × 10-18 m), demonstrating its utility in clinical applications based on liquid biopsy tests. Furthermore, orthogonal measurements of EV concentrations coupled with the direct, absolute quantification of miRNA in biological samples results in quantitative measurements of miRNA copy numbers per volume sample, and per extracellular vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhi Juthani
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine Boston MA 02115 USA
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27
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Petrou L, Ladame S. On-chip miRNA extraction platforms: recent technological advances and implications for next generation point-of-care nucleic acid tests. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:463-475. [PMID: 35048934 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (or miRNAs) in bodily fluids, are increasingly being highlighted as promising diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies. Although nucleic acid sensors have been developed that can detect minute concentrations of biomarkers with high sensitivity and sequence specificity, their robustness is often compromised by sample collection and processing prior to analysis. Such steps either (i) involve complex, multi-step procedures and toxic chemicals unsuitable for incorporation into portable devices or (ii) are inefficient and non-standardised therefore affecting the reliability/reproducibility of the test. The development of point-of-care nucleic acid tests based on the detection of miRNAs is therefore highly dependent on the development of an automated, on-chip, sample processing platform that would enable extraction or pre-purification of the biological specimen prior to reaching the sensing platform. In this review we categorise and critically discuss the most promising technologies that have been developed to facilitate the transition of nucleic acid tests based on miRNA detection from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Petrou
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Sylvain Ladame
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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28
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Ambattu LA, Gelmi A, Yeo LY. Short-Duration High Frequency MegaHertz-Order Nanomechanostimulation Drives Early and Persistent Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106823. [PMID: 35023629 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fate can be directed through the application of various external physical stimuli, enabling a controlled approach to targeted differentiation. Studies involving the use of dynamic mechanical cues driven by vibrational excitation to date have, however, been limited to low frequency (Hz to kHz) forcing over extended durations (typically continuous treatment for >7 days). Contrary to previous assertions that there is little benefit in applying frequencies beyond 1 kHz, we show here that high frequency MHz-order mechanostimulation in the form of nanoscale amplitude surface reflected bulk waves are capable of triggering differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from various donor sources toward an osteoblast lineage, with early, short time stimuli inducing long-term osteogenic commitment. More specifically, rapid treatments (10 min daily over 5 days) of the high frequency (10 MHz) mechanostimulation are shown to trigger significant upregulation in early osteogenic markers (RUNX2, COL1A1) and sustained increase in late markers (osteocalcin, osteopontin) through a mechanistic pathway involving piezo channel activation and Rho-associated protein kinase signaling. Given the miniaturizability and low cost of the devices, the possibility for upscaling the platform toward practical bioreactors, to address a pressing need for more efficient stem cell differentiation technologies in the pursuit of translatable regenerative medicine strategies, is ensivaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Amy Gelmi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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29
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Chen J, Yao D, Chen W, Li Z, Guo Y, Zhu F, Hu X. Serum exosomal miR-451a acts as a candidate marker for pancreatic cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:74-80. [PMID: 35001683 DOI: 10.1177/17246008211070018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic efficiency of serum exosomal miR-451a as a novel biomarker for pancreatic cancer. METHODS Serum samples were collected prior to treatment. First, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) profiles in serum exosomes from eight pancreatic cancer patients and eight healthy volunteers. We then validated the usefulness of the selected exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in another 191 pancreatic cancer patients, 95 pancreatic benign disease (PB) patients, and 90 healthy controls. RESULTS The expression of miR-451a in serum-derived exosomes from pancreatic cancer patients was significantly upregulated compared with those from PB patients and healthy individuals. Serum exosomal miR-451a showed excellent diagnostic power in identifying pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, exosomal miR-451a showed a significant association with clinical stage and distant metastasis in pancreatic cancer, and the expression level of serum exosomal miR-451a was sensitive to therapy and relapse. CONCLUSIONS Serum exosomal miR-451a might serve as a novel diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Co-first author
| | - Dongting Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,Co-first author
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang W, Xing J, Liu T, Zhang J, Dai Z, Zhang H, Wang D, Tang D. Small extracellular vesicles: from mediating cancer cell metastasis to therapeutic value in pancreatic cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:1. [PMID: 34980146 PMCID: PMC8722298 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor and, is extremely difficult to diagnose and treat. Metastasis is one of the critical steps in the development of cancer and uses cell to cell communication to mediate changes in the microenvironment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-carry proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive substances, and are important medium for communication between cells. There are two primary steps in sVEs-mediated metastasis: communication between pancreatic cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment; and the communication between primary tumor cells and distant organ cells in distant organs that promotes angiogenesis, reshaping extracellular matrix, forming immunosuppressive environment and other ways to form appropriate pre-metastasis niche. Here, we explore the mechanism of localization and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and use sEVs as early biomarkers for the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Juan Xing
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tian Liu
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jie Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhujiang Dai
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Huan Zhang
- grid.268415.cClinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Daorong Wang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001 China
| | - Dong Tang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001 China
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Piffoux M, Silva AKA, Gazeau F, Salmon H. Potential of on‐chip analysis and engineering techniques for extracellular vesicle bioproduction for therapeutics. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Max Piffoux
- Department of Medical Oncology Centre Léon Bérard Lyon France
- INSERM UMR 1197‐Interaction cellules souches‐niches: physiologie tumeurs et réparation tissulaire Villejuif France
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Amanda K. A. Silva
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Hugo Salmon
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS Université de Paris Paris France
- Université de Paris, T3S, INSERM Paris France
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Nair MP, Teo AJT, Li KHH. Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 35056189 PMCID: PMC8779171 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has gained primary attention in the past decade, where label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation platforms are integrated to realize such LOC devices. Among the multitude of technologies that enables the successful integration of these two features, the piezoelectric acoustic wave method is best suited for handling biological samples due to biocompatibility, label-free and non-invasive properties. In this review paper, we present a study on the use of acoustic waves generated by piezoelectric materials in the area of label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation towards the realization of LOC and POC devices. The categorization of acoustic wave technology into the bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave has been considered with the inclusion of biological sample sensing and manipulation applications. This paper presents an approach with a comprehensive study on the fundamental operating principles of acoustic waves in biosensing and microfluidic actuation, acoustic wave modes suitable for sensing and actuation, piezoelectric materials used for acoustic wave generation, fabrication methods, and challenges in the use of acoustic wave modes in biosensing. Recent developments in the past decade, in various sensing potentialities of acoustic waves in a myriad of applications, including sensing of proteins, disease biomarkers, DNA, pathogenic microorganisms, acoustofluidic manipulation, and the sorting of biological samples such as cells, have been given primary focus. An insight into the future perspectives of real-time, label-free, and portable LOC devices utilizing acoustic waves is also presented. The developments in the field of thin-film piezoelectric materials, with the possibility of integrating sensing and actuation on a single platform utilizing the reversible property of smart piezoelectric materials, provide a step forward in the realization of monolithic integrated LOC and POC devices. Finally, the present paper highlights the key benefits and challenges in terms of commercialization, in the field of acoustic wave-based biosensors and actuation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (M.P.N.); (A.J.T.T.)
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Saad MG, Beyenal H, Dong WJ. Exosomes as Powerful Engines in Cancer: Isolation, Characterization and Detection Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:518. [PMID: 34940275 PMCID: PMC8699402 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, powerful extracellular nanovesicles released from almost all types of living cells, are considered the communication engines (messengers) that control and reprogram physiological pathways inside target cells within a community or between different communities. The cell-like structure of these extracellular vesicles provides a protective environment for their proteins and DNA/RNA cargos, which serve as biomarkers for many malicious diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. Cancer-derived exosomes control cancer metastasis, prognosis, and development. In addition to the unique structure of exosomes, their nanometer size and tendency of interacting with cells makes them a viable novel drug delivery solution. In recent years, numerous research efforts have been made to quantify and characterize disease-derived exosomes for diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to (1) relate exosome biomarkers to their origins, (2) focus on current isolation and detection methods, (3) discuss and evaluate the proposed technologies deriving from exosome research for cancer treatment, and (4) form a conclusion about the prospects of the current exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Ji Dong
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.G.S.); (H.B.)
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Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK. Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Development. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:3. [PMID: 34855021 PMCID: PMC8638654 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles that play a crucial role in molecular trafficking, intercellular transport and the egress of unwanted proteins. They have been implicated in many diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. EVs are detected in all bodily fluids, and their protein and nucleic acid content offers a means of assessing the status of the cells from which they originated. As such, they provide opportunities in biomarker discovery for diagnosis, prognosis or the stratification of diseases as well as an objective monitoring of therapies. The simultaneous assaying of multiple EV-derived markers will be required for an impactful practical application, and multiplexing platforms have evolved with the potential to achieve this. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available multiplexing platforms for EV analysis, with a primary focus on miniaturized and integrated devices that offer potential step changes in analytical power, throughput and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Shu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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35
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Elucidating the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225669. [PMID: 34830825 PMCID: PMC8616095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The chance of surviving more than 5 years after initial diagnosis is less than 10%. This is due to a lack of early diagnostics, where often at the time of initial detection the tumour has already spread to different parts of the body and has developed a propensity to develop drug resistance. Therefore, to tackle this devastating disease, it is necessary to identify the key players responsible for driving pancreatic cancer. Numerous studies have found that small bubble-like packages shed by cancer cells, called extracellular vesicles, play an important role in the progression of the disease. Our knowledge on how extracellular vesicles aid in the progression, spread and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer is the focus of this review. Of note, these extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer and could represent drug targets or drug delivery agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. This dismal survival rate can be attributed to several factors including insufficient diagnostics, rapid metastasis and chemoresistance. To identify new treatment options for improved patient outcomes, it is crucial to investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to pancreatic cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, are critical players in pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance. In addition, extracellular vesicles also have the potential to serve as promising biomarkers, therapeutic targets and drug delivery tools for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we aim to summarise the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, metabolic dysfunction and chemoresistance, and discuss their potential roles as biomarkers for early diagnosis and drug delivery vehicles for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Ren X, Ellis BW, Ronan G, Blood SR, DeShetler C, Senapati S, March KL, Handberg E, Anderson D, Pepine C, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. A multiplexed ion-exchange membrane-based miRNA (MIX·miR) detection platform for rapid diagnosis of myocardial infarction. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3876-3887. [PMID: 34546237 PMCID: PMC9115728 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have shown great potential as rapid and discriminating biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. We have developed a multiplexed ion-exchange membrane-based miRNA (MIX·miR) preconcentration/sensing amplification-free platform for quantifying in parallel a panel of miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-208b, and miR-499, from the same plasma samples from: 1) reference subjects with no evident coronary artery disease (NCAD); 2) subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD); and 3) subjects experiencing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) prior to (STEMI-pre) and following (STEMI-PCI) percutaneous coronary intervention. The picomolar limit of detection from raw plasma and 3-decade dynamic range of MIX·miR permits detection of the miRNA panel in untreated samples from disease patients and its precise standard curve, provided by large 0.1 to 1 V signals and eliminates individual sensor calibration. The use of molecular concentration feature reduces the assay time to less than 30 minutes and increases the detection sensitivity by bringing all targets close to the sensors. miR-1 was low for NCAD patients but more than one order of magnitude above the normal value for all samples from three categories (CAD, STEMI-pre, and STEMI-PCI) of patients with CAD. In fact, miR-1 expression levels of stable CAD, STEMI-pre and STEMI-PCI are each more than 10-fold higher than the previous class, in that order, well above the 95% confidence level of MIX·miR. Its overexpression estimate is significantly higher than the PCR benchmark. This suggests that, in contrast to protein biomarkers of myocardial injury, miR-1 appears to differentiate ischemia from both reperfusion injury and non-AMI CAD patients. The battery-operated MIX·miR can be a portable and low-cost AMI diagnostic device, particularly useful in settings where cardiac catheterization is not readily available to determine the status of coronary reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - George Ronan
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Stuart Ryan Blood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cameron DeShetler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Carl Pepine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Shirejini SZ, Inci F. The Yin and Yang of exosome isolation methods: conventional practice, microfluidics, and commercial kits. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107814. [PMID: 34389465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released from various cells, and they can be found in different bodily fluids. Exosomes are used as biomarkers to diagnose many diseases and to monitor therapy efficiency as they represent the status and origin of the cell, which they are released from. Considering that they co-exist in bodily fluids with other types of particles, their isolation still remains challenging since conventional separation methods are time-consuming, user-dependent, and result in low isolation yield. This review summarizes the conventional strategies and microfluidic-based methods for exosome isolation along with their strengths and limitations. Microfluidic devices emerge as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods due to their inherent characteristics, such as the need for minute sample volume and rapid operation, in order to isolate exosomes with a high yield and a high purity in a short amount of time, which make them unprecedented tools for molecular biology and clinical applications. This review elaborates on the existing microfluidic-based exosome isolation methods and denotes their benefits and drawbacks. Herein, we also introduce various commercially available platforms and kits for exosome isolation along with their working principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Zeibi Shirejini
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Non-Coding RNA-Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Liver Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080964. [PMID: 34440168 PMCID: PMC8391662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is an aggressive, lethal malignancy that ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its 5-year mortality rate is estimated to be more than 95%. This significant low survival rate is due to poor diagnosis, which can be referred to as the lack of sufficient and early-stage detection methods. Many liver cancer-associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been extensively examined to serve as promising biomarkers for precise diagnostics, prognostics, and the evaluation of the therapeutic progress. For the simple, rapid, and selective ncRNA detection, various nanomaterial-enhanced biosensors have been developed based on electrochemical, optical, and electromechanical detection methods. This review presents ncRNAs as the potential biomarkers for the early-stage diagnosis of liver cancer. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of recent developments in nanobiosensors for liver cancer-related ncRNA detection is provided.
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Zhao Z, Zhao G, Yang S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Li P. The significance of exosomal RNAs in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:364. [PMID: 34243775 PMCID: PMC8268510 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are single-membrane, secreted organelles with a diameter of 30–200 nm, containing diverse bioactive constituents, including DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and lipids, with prominent molecular heterogeneity. Extensive studies indicate that exosomal RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) can interact with many types of cancers, associated with several hallmark features like tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is among the most lethal cancers worldwide, emerging as the seventh foremost cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. Hence, revealing the specific pathogenesis and improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment process are urgently required. As the study of exosomes has become an active area of research, the functional connections between exosomes and PaCa have been deeply investigated. Among these, exosomal RNAs seem to play a significant role in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of PaCa. Exosomal RNAs delivery ultimately modulates the various features of PaCa, and many scholars have interpreted how exosomal RNAs contribute to the proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance in PaCa. Besides, recent studies emphasize that exosomal RNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PaCa. In this review, we will introduce these recent insights focusing on the discoveries of the relationship between exosomal RNAs and PaCa, and the potentially diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes in PaCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Liang Y, Lehrich BM, Zheng S, Lu M. Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12090. [PMID: 34012517 PMCID: PMC8114032 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by many cell types and distributed within various biofluids. EVs have a lipid membrane-confined structure that allows for carrying unique molecular information originating from their parent cells. The species and quantity of EV cargo molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, may vary largely owing to their parent cell types and the pathophysiologic status. Such heterogeneity in EV populations provides immense challenges to researchers, yet allows for the possibility to prognosticate the pathogenesis of a particular tissue from unique molecular signatures of dispersing EVs within biofluids. However, the inherent nature of EV's small size requires advanced methods for EV purification and evaluation from the complex biofluid. Recently, the interdisciplinary significance of EV research has attracted growing interests, and the EV analytical platforms for their diagnostic prospect have markedly progressed. This review summarizes the recent advances in these EV detection techniques and methods with the intention of translating an EV-based liquid biopsy into clinical practice. This article aims to present an overview of current EV assessment techniques, with a focus on their progress and limitations, as well as an outlook on the clinical translation of an EV-based liquid biopsy that may augment current paradigms for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring the response to therapy in a variety of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Liang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhaiChina
| | - Brandon M. Lehrich
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Siyang Zheng
- Department Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mengrou Lu
- Department Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Review of Microfluidic Methods for Cellular Lysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050498. [PMID: 33925101 PMCID: PMC8145176 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell lysis is a process in which the outer cell membrane is broken to release intracellular constituents in a way that important information about the DNA or RNA of an organism can be obtained. This article is a thorough review of reported methods for the achievement of effective cellular boundaries disintegration, together with their technological peculiarities and instrumental requirements. The different approaches are summarized in six categories: chemical, mechanical, electrical methods, thermal, laser, and other lysis methods. Based on the results derived from each of the investigated reports, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of those techniques. Although the choice of a suitable method is highly dependent on the particular requirements of the specific scientific problem, we conclude with a concise table where the benefits of every approach are compared, based on criteria such as cost, efficiency, and difficulty.
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Yang M, Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang G, Zhao CX, Wu KJ. Integration of microfluidic systems with external fields for multiphase process intensification. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang Y, Kannisto E, Patnaik SK, Reid ME, Li L, Wu Y. Ultrafast Detection of Exosomal RNAs via Cationic Lipoplex Nanoparticles in a Micromixer Biochip for Cancer Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2806-2819. [PMID: 34849458 PMCID: PMC8628515 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived, nanosized extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication. Exosomal RNAs have been shown as one type of promising cancer liquid biopsy biomarkers. Conventional methods to characterize exosomal RNAs such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) are limited by low sensitivity, large sample consumption, time-consuming process, and high cost. Many technologies have been developed to overcome these challenges; however, many hours are still required to complete the assays, especially when exosome lysis and RNA extraction are required. We have developed a microfluidic cationic lipoplex nanoparticles (mCLN) assay that utilizes a micromixer biochip to allow for the effective capture of exosomes by cationic lipoplex nanoparticles and thus enables ultrafast and sensitive exosomal RNA detection for cancer diagnosis. The sensing performance and diagnostic performance of the mCLN assay were investigated using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the disease model and exosomal microRNA-21 and TTF-1 mRNA as the biomarkers. The limits of detection of the mCLN assay were 2.06 × 109 and 3.71 × 109 exosomes/mL for microRNA-21 and TTF-1 mRNA, respectively, indicating that the mCLN assay may require as low as 1 μL of serum for exosomal RNA detection. The mCLN assay successfully distinguished NSCLC from normal controls by detecting significantly higher microRNA-21 and TTF-1 mRNA levels in exosomes from both NSCLC patient serum samples and A549 NSCLC cells than those from normal controls and BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells. Compared with conventional qRT-PCR assay, the mCLN assay showed a higher diagnostic accuracy in lung cancer, required less sample volume (30 vs 100 μL), and consumed much less time (10 min vs 4 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric Kannisto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Santosh K Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Lei Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Yan H, Li Y, Cheng S, Zeng Y. Advances in Analytical Technologies for Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4739-4774. [PMID: 33635060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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45
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumour of the human digestive system that has a poor prognosis. Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids, and constitute a class of extracellular vesicles defined as membrane-bound nanovesicles of endocytic origin, with a diameter of 40-150 nm. Exosomes are potential diagnostic markers of PC; however, their roles in cancer initiation and progression remain unclear. Previous studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms and functions of exosomes that allow them to accelerate PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The present review discusses the interactions between exosomes and the pathophysiology of PC. The potential clinical applications of exosomes are also discussed.
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46
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Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Roles in Neurological Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6640836. [PMID: 33679989 PMCID: PMC7904361 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells, which have been recognized as a novel platform for intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS). Exosomes are capable of transferring proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites between neurons and glial cells, contributing to CNS development and maintenance of homeostasis. Evidence shows that exosomes originating from CNS cells act as suppressors or promoters in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. Moreover, these exosomes have been shown to transfer molecules associated with diseases through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus can be detected in blood. This unique feature enables exosomes to act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurological disorders. In addition, a substantial number of researches have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have repair effects on neurological disorders. Herein, we briefly introduce the roles of exosomes under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, novel roles of exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for neurological disorders are highlighted.
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47
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Xia Y, Chen T, Zhang L, Zhang X, Shi W, Chen G, Chen W, Lan J, Li C, Sun W, Chen J. Colorimetric detection of exosomal microRNA through switching the visible-light-induced oxidase mimic activity of acridone derivate. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 173:112834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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DeCastro J, Littig J, Chou PP, Mack-Onyeike J, Srinivasan A, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM, Aran K. The Microfluidic Toolbox for Analyzing Exosome Biomarkers of Aging. Molecules 2021; 26:535. [PMID: 33498573 PMCID: PMC7864353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the fields of aging and neurological disease expand to liquid biopsies, there is a need to identify informative biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegeneration and other age-related disorders such as cancers. A means of high-throughput screening of biomolecules relevant to aging can facilitate this discovery in complex biofluids, such as blood. Exosomes, the smallest of extracellular vesicles, are found in many biofluids and, in recent years, have been found to be excellent candidates as liquid biopsy biomarkers due to their participation in intercellular communication and various pathologies such as cancer metastasis. Recently, exosomes have emerged as novel biomarkers for age-related diseases. Hence, the study of exosomes, their protein and genetic cargo can serve as early biomarkers for age-associated pathologies, especially neurodegenerative diseases. However, a disadvantage of exosome studies includes a lack in standardization of isolating, detecting, and profiling exosomes for downstream analysis. In this review, we will address current techniques for high-throughput isolation and detection of exosomes through various microfluidic and biosensing strategies and how they may be adapted for the detection of biomarkers of age-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonalyn DeCastro
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.M.-O.)
| | - Joshua Littig
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.M.-O.)
| | | | - Jada Mack-Onyeike
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.M.-O.)
| | - Amrita Srinivasan
- Claremont McKenna College, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA;
| | - Michael J. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.J.C.); (I.M.C.)
| | - Irina M. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.J.C.); (I.M.C.)
| | - Kiana Aran
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711, USA; (J.D.); (J.L.); (J.M.-O.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.J.C.); (I.M.C.)
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49
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Sensale S, Ramshani Z, Senapati S, Chang HC. Universal Features of Non-equilibrium Ionic Currents through Perm-Selective Membranes: Gating by Charged Nanoparticles/Macromolecules for Robust Biosensing Applications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1906-1915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sensale
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zeinab Ramshani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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50
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Guo QR, Zhang LL, Liu JF, Li Z, Li JJ, Zhou WM, Wang H, Li JQ, Liu DY, Yu XY, Zhang JY. Multifunctional microfluidic chip for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:73-89. [PMID: 33391976 PMCID: PMC7738943 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.49614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic chip is not a chip in the traditional sense. It is technologies that control fluids at the micro level. As a burgeoning biochip, microfluidic chips integrate multiple disciplines, including physiology, pathology, cell biology, biophysics, engineering mechanics, mechanical design, materials science, and so on. The application of microfluidic chip has shown tremendous promise in the field of cancer therapy in the past three decades. Various types of cell and tissue cultures, including 2D cell culture, 3D cell culture and tissue organoid culture could be performed on microfluidic chips. Patient-derived cancer cells and tissues can be cultured on microfluidic chips in a visible, controllable, and high-throughput manner, which greatly advances the process of personalized medicine. Moreover, the functionality of microfluidic chip is greatly expanding due to the customizable nature. In this review, we introduce its application in developing cancer preclinical models, detecting cancer biomarkers, screening anti-cancer drugs, exploring tumor heterogeneity and producing nano-drugs. We highlight the functions and recent development of microfluidic chip to provide references for advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Ji-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Wen-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R.China
| | - Da-Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R.China
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