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Kashyap A, Balraj V, Ramalingam V, Pattabiraman M. Unravelling Supramolecular Photocycloaddition: Cavitand-Mediated Reactivity of 3-(Aryl)Acrylic Acids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022; 425:113695. [PMID: 35340561 PMCID: PMC8954433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular photocycloaddition (PCA) of 3-(phenyl)acrylic acid has been extensively pursued by chemists to study weak interactions and synthesize substituted cyclobutanes. The stereo- and regioselectivity of the products in a supramolecularly affected reaction are often used as a probe for assessing the nature of weak interactions and/or molecular ambience of the reactants. However, some crucial aspects of this chemistry have often remained underexplored in the past, especially within the context of interpreting strength and directionality of interactions based on reaction outcomes. We present a detailed study of the cavitand-mediated PCA of a new and suitable reactant (3-(naphthyl)acrylic acids) that exhibits labile photo-reversible chemistry, which is suitable for exploring previously un-explored aspects of the supramolecular PCA chemistry. Our studies afford important insights about this chemistry that should be considered while using product selectivity as a proxy for deducing intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasu Balraj
- University of Nebraska Kearney, NE – 68845, USA
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2
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Yagci BB, Zorlu Y, Türkmen YE. Template-Directed Photochemical Homodimerization and Heterodimerization Reactions of Cinnamic Acids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13118-13128. [PMID: 34469153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a general method for the selective photochemical homo- and heterodimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives with the use of commercially available 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene as a covalent template. A variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical β-truxinic acids were obtained in high yields and as single diastereomers. The use of a template not only provides the alignment of the two olefins with suitable proximity (<4.2 Å) but also allows the heterodimerization of two different cinnamic acids, leading to unsymmetrical β-truxinic acid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Banu Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Ankara 06800, Turkey.,UNAM, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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3
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Shaik A, Palaniswamy P, Thiruvenkatam V. Investigating structural aspects of Pyridopyrimidinone derivatives, an important precursor in medicinal chemistry. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Abramov A, Reiser O, Díaz Díaz D. Effect of Reaction Media on Photosensitized [2+2]-Cycloaddition of Cinnamates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:649-656. [PMID: 32499991 PMCID: PMC7266492 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of photosensitized [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of various cinnamates has been compared in different reaction media, including homogeneous organic solutions under inert conditions, degassed water, and aerated physical gels. The reactions were performed under LED blue light (λmax=455 nm) irradiation and [Ir{dF(CF3)ppy}2(dtb-bpy)]PF6 (1.0 mol%) as photocatalyst. The processes were optimized taking into consideration solvent, gelator, and substrate. Comparative kinetics analyses, as well as the effect of the reaction media on the diastereoselectivity of the process, were evaluated during this investigation. In a number of cases, carrying out the reaction in a less polar solvent, like toluene or highly polar solvent, like water had a tremendous impact on the diastereoselectivity of the process, pointing towards an effect on the stabilization of the putative diradical intermediate in this medium. Moreover, while for reactions run in homogeneous solution oxygen needs to be excluded, no erosion in yield is observed when the photoadditions were run in aerated gel media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31Regensburg93053Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31Regensburg93053Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31Regensburg93053Germany
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de La LagunaAvda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 338206 LaLagunaTenerifeSpain
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio GonzálezUniversidad de La LagunaAvda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 238206 LaLagunaTenerifeSpain
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5
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Taimoory SM, Twum K, Dashti M, Pan F, Lahtinen M, Rissanen K, Puttreddy R, Trant JF, Beyeh NK. Bringing a Molecular Plus One: Synergistic Binding Creates Guest-Mediated Three-Component Complexes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5884-5894. [PMID: 32174116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cethyl-2-methylresorcinarene (A), pyridine (B), and a set of 10 carboxylic acids (Cn) associate to form A·B·Cn ternary assemblies with 1:1:1 stoichiometry, representing a useful class of ternary systems where the guest mediates complex formation between the host and a third component. Although individually weak in solution, the combined strength of the multiple noncovalent interactions organizes the complexes even in a highly hydrogen-bond competing methanol solution, as explored by both experimental and computational methods. The interactions between A·B and Cn are dependent on the pKa values of carboxylic acids. The weak interactions between A and C further reinforce the interactions between A and B, demonstrating positive cooperativity. Our results reveal that the two-component system such as that formed by A and B can form the basis for the development of specific sensors for the molecular recognition of carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maryamdokht Taimoory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kwaku Twum
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
| | - Mohadeseh Dashti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Manu Lahtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
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6
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Sutyak KB, Lee W, Zavalij PV, Gutierrez O, Davis JT. Templating and Catalyzing [2+2] Photocycloaddition in Solution Using a Dynamic G-Quadruplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17146-17150. [PMID: 30395701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe a templating/covalent capture strategy that enables photochemical formation of 8 cyclobutanes in one noncovalent assembly. This process was characterized by experiment and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (ONIOM) calculations. Thus, KI and 16 units of 5'-cinnamate guanosine form a G-quadruplex where C=C π bonds in neighboring G4 -quartets are separated by 3.3 Å, enabling [2+2] photocycloaddition in solution. This reaction is high-yielding (>90 %), regio- and diastereoselective. Since all components are in dynamic equilibrium this photocycloaddition is catalytic in K+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Sutyak
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Peter V Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery T Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Sutyak KB, Lee W, Zavalij PV, Gutierrez O, Davis JT. Templating and Catalyzing [2+2] Photocycloaddition in Solution Using a Dynamic G‐Quadruplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Sutyak
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Peter V. Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Jeffery T. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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Kashyap A, Bokosike TK, Bhuvanesh N, Pattabiraman M. Stereo- and regioselective photocycloaddition of extended alkenes using γ-cyclodextrin. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6870-6875. [PMID: 30229798 PMCID: PMC6215711 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of dibenzalacetones (1a-d) in homogeneous media and solid state yields a mixture of products with poor conversions. Irradiation of the reactants complexed to γ-cyclodextrin predominantly affords a single dimer (syn adduct 6) despite the possibility for several monomeric and dimeric products. High selectivity in the cavitand-mediated reaction along with the structural characterization of the inclusion complex provides insight into the supramolecular interactions that drive the self-assembly of the host-guest system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, NE-68845, USA.
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Pattabiraman M, Sivaguru J, Ramamurthy V. Cucurbiturils as Reaction Containers for Photocycloaddition of Olefins. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH USA
| | - V. Ramamurthy
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables, FL USA
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10
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Weckenmann NM, Maichle-Mössmer C, Nachtsheim BJ. Template-assisted photodimerization of N-unprotected uracil derivatives: selective formation of the cis–syn photodimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9610-9612. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A UV light-induced photodimerization of 5-[(imidazol-1-yl)methyl]uracil using glutamate- and aspartate-derived cyclic dipeptides (2,5-diketopiperazines – DKPs) as templates was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Weckenmann
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- Institut of Organic Chemistry
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - C. Maichle-Mössmer
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - B. J. Nachtsheim
- Universität Bremen
- Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
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11
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Pagire SK, Hossain A, Traub L, Kerres S, Reiser O. Photosensitised regioselective [2+2]-cycloaddition of cinnamates and related alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12072-12075. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light mediated, photocatalyzed strategy for the efficient synthesis of substituted cyclobutanes from cinnamates, styrenes, and chalcones is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Asik Hossain
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Lukas Traub
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Sabine Kerres
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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