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Vallet-Regí M, Schüth F, Lozano D, Colilla M, Manzano M. Engineering mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery: where are we after two decades? Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5365-5451. [PMID: 35642539 PMCID: PMC9252171 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present review details a chronological description of the events that took place during the development of mesoporous materials, their different synthetic routes and their use as drug delivery systems. The outstanding textural properties of these materials quickly inspired their translation to the nanoscale dimension leading to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The different aspects of introducing pharmaceutical agents into the pores of these nanocarriers, together with their possible biodistribution and clearance routes, would be described here. The development of smart nanocarriers that are able to release a high local concentration of the therapeutic cargo on-demand after the application of certain stimuli would be reviewed here, together with their ability to deliver the therapeutic cargo to precise locations in the body. The huge progress in the design and development of MSNs for biomedical applications, including the potential treatment of different diseases, during the last 20 years will be collated here, together with the required work that still needs to be done to achieve the clinical translation of these materials. This review was conceived to stand out from past reports since it aims to tell the story of the development of mesoporous materials and their use as drug delivery systems by some of the story makers, who could be considered to be among the pioneers in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vallet-Regí
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Pz/Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Pz/Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Montserrat Colilla
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Pz/Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Pz/Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Fei S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Tang Z, Wu Q. Continuous synthesis of monodisperse silica microspheres over 1 μm size. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Recent progress on the manufacturing of nanoparticles in multi-phase and single-phase flow reactors. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Low-Symmetry Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Modified with Cobalt Oxide for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrids of low-symmetry (disordered) mesoporous titanium dioxide modified with different weight ratios of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4(x)/lsm-TiO2) are prepared using a one-pot self-assembly surfactant template. The physicochemical characterization of Co3O4(x)/lsm-TiO2 hybrids by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful incorporation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (2–3 nm in diameter) with preservation of the highly mesoporous structure of titanium dioxide substrate. Among these mesoporous hybrids, the ~3.0 wt.% Co3O4/lsm-TiO2 exhibits the best performance toward both the oxygen evolution (OER) and reduction (ORR) reactions in alkaline solution. For the OER, the hybrid shows oxidation overpotential of 348 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.034 s−1, a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1, and mass activity of 42.0 A g−1 at 370 mV. While for ORR, an onset potential of 0.84 V vs. RHE and OER/ORR overpotential gap (ΔE) of 0.92 V are achieved which is significantly lower than that of commercial Pt/C, hexagonal mesoporous, and bulk titanium dioxide analogous. The Co3O4/lsm-TiO2 hybrid demonstrates significantly higher long-term durability than IrO2. Apparently, such catalytic activity performance originates from the synergetic effect between Co3O4 and TiO2 substrate, in addition to higher charge carrier density and the presence of disordered mesopores which provide short ions diffusion path during the electrocatalytic process.
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Hao N, Nie Y, Zhang JX. Microfluidics for silica biomaterials synthesis: opportunities and challenges. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2218-2240. [PMID: 30919847 PMCID: PMC6538461 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rational design and controllable synthesis of silica nanomaterials bearing unique physicochemical properties is becoming increasingly important for a variety of biomedical applications from imaging to drug delivery. Microfluidics has recently emerged as a promising platform for nanomaterial synthesis, providing precise control over particle size, shape, porosity, and structure compared to conventional batch synthesis approaches. This review summarizes microfluidics approaches for the synthesis of silica materials as well as the design, fabrication and the emerging roles in the development of new classes of functional biomaterials. We highlight the unprecedented opportunities of using microreactors in biomaterial synthesis, and assess the recent progress of continuous and discrete microreactors and the associated biomedical applications of silica materials. Finally, we discuss the challenges arising from the intrinsic properties of microfluidics reactors for inspiring future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
| | - Yuan Nie
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
| | - John X.J. Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
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Wang C, Yang Q, Wang J, Zhao J, Wan X, Guo Z, Yang Y. Application of support vector machine on controlling the silanol groups of silica xerogel with the aid of segmented continuous flow reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pan LJ, Tu JW, Ma HT, Yang YJ, Tian ZQ, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. Controllable synthesis of nanocrystals in droplet reactors. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 18:41-56. [PMID: 29098217 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a broad range of nanocrystals have been synthesized in droplet-based microfluidic reactors which provide obvious advantages, such as accurate manipulation, better reproducibility and reliable automation. In this review, we initially introduce general concepts of droplet reactors followed by discussions of their main functional regions including droplet generation, mixing of reactants, reaction controlling, in situ monitoring, and reaction quenching. Subsequently, the enhanced mass and heat transport properties are discussed. Next, we focus on research frontiers including sequential multistep synthesis, intelligent synthesis, reliable scale-up synthesis, and interfacial synthesis. Finally, we end with an outlook on droplet reactors, especially highlighting some aspects such as large-scale production, the integrated process of synthesis and post-synthetic treatments, automated droplet reactors with in situ monitoring and optimizing algorithms, and rapidly developing strategies for interfacial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Prieto G, Tüysüz H, Duyckaerts N, Knossalla J, Wang GH, Schüth F. Hollow Nano- and Microstructures as Catalysts. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14056-14119. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Prieto
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nicolas Duyckaerts
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Johannes Knossalla
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
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