1
|
Li Q, Dou L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Yang H, Wen K, Yu X, Shen J, Wang Z. A comprehensive review on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food samples. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13264. [PMID: 38284582 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T-cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Leina Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deenin W, Wenninger N, Schmid MG, Kalcher K, Ortner A, Chaiyo S. Rapid electrochemical lateral flow device for the detection of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341768. [PMID: 37827668 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is a plant that is harmful and beneficial because it contains more than 400 bioactive compounds, and the main compounds are Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Currently, cannabis extracts are used in medicine, but the amount of THC as a main psychoactive component is strictly regulated. Therefore, the ability to rapidly and accurately detect THC is important. Herein, we developed a sensitive electrochemical method combining a rapid lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect THC rapidly. An electrochemical LFA device was constructed by attaching a screen-printed electrode inside a lateral-flow device to exploit the remarkable binding of THC to the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor in the test zone. The ferrocene carboxylic acid attached to the monoclonal THC antibody acts as an electroactive species when it binds to the THC in the sample before it flows continuously to the CB2 receptor region on the electrode. Under optimal conditions, the detection time is within 6 min and the devise shows excellent performance with a detection limit of 1.30 ng/mL. Additionally, the device could be applied to detect THC in hemp extract samples. The results obtained from this sensor are similar to the standard method (HPLC) for detecting THC. Therefore, this proposed device is useful as an alternative device for the on-site determination of THC because it is inexpensive, portable, and exhibits high sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Deenin
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nadine Wenninger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Martin G Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Kurt Kalcher
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Astrid Ortner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, Graz, 8010, Austria.
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deenin W, Yakoh A, Pimpitak U, Pasomsub E, Rengpipat S, Crespo GA, Chaiyo S. Electrochemical lateral-flow device for rapid COVID-19 antigen-diagnostic testing. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108438. [PMID: 37054603 PMCID: PMC10077809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Antigen test kits (ATK) are extensively utilized for screening and diagnosing COVID-19 because they are easy to operate. However, ATKs exhibit poor sensitivity and cannot detect low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we present a new, highly sensitive, and selective device obtained by combining the principle of ATKs with electrochemical detection for COVID-19 diagnosis, which can be quantitatively assessed using a smartphone. An electrochemical test strip (E-test strip) was constructed by attaching a screen-printed electrode inside a lateral-flow device to exploit the remarkable binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen to ACE2. The ferrocene carboxylic acid attached to SARS-CoV-2 antibody acts as an electroactive species when it binds to SARS-CoV-2 antigen in the sample before it flows continuously to the ACE2-immobilization region on the electrode. Electrochemical-assay signal intensity on smartphones increased proportionally to the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen (LOD = 2.98 pg/mL, under 12 min). Additionally, the application of the single-step E-test strip for COVID-19 screening was demonstrated using nasopharyngeal samples, and the results were consistent with those obtained using the gold standard (RT-PCR). Therefore, the sensor demonstrated excellent performance in assessing and screening COVID-19, and it can be used professionally to accurately verify diagnostic data while remaining rapid, simple, and inexpensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Deenin
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Abdulhadee Yakoh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Pimpitak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ekawat Pasomsub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Qualified Diagnostic Development Center (QDD), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Gastón A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden; UCAM SENS, UCAM-SENS, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, UCAM HiTech, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anusha T, Bhavani KS, Hassan RYA, Brahman PK. Ferrocene tagged primary antibody generates electrochemical signal: An electrochemical immunosensing platform for the monitoring of vitamin D deficiency in clinical samples. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124269. [PMID: 37003374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new kind of ultrasensitive and low-cost electrochemical immunosensing probe was designed to monitor vitamin D deficiency using 25(OH)D3 as a clinical biomarker. Ferrocene carbaldehyde conjugated on Ab-25(OH)D3 antibodies was used as an electrochemical probe for generating signals. The graphene nanoribbon-modified electrode (GNRs) was used to immobilize the (Ab-25(OH)D3-Fc) conjugate. The high electron transferability, greater surface area, and effective biocompatibility of GNRs enabled the capture of the greater number of primary antibodies (Ab-25(OH)D3). The developed probe was structurally and morphologically characterized. The step-wise modification was investigated by electrochemical techniques. The direct electrochemistry of ferrocene enabled 25(OH)D3 biomarker detection with excellent sensitivity. The reduction in peak current was proportional to the concentrations of 25(OH)D3 in the range of 1-100 ng mL-1 with a 0.1 ng mL-1 limit of detection. The probe was tested in terms of reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Finally, the developed immunosensing probe was applied in serum samples for 25(OH)D3 quantification, and no significant difference was noticed in the assay results when compared with the standard chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method. The developed detection strategy has a wider scope for future potential clinical diagnostics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tummala Anusha
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India; Chemsens Technologies PVT. LTD., Vijayawada 520013, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kalli Sai Bhavani
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Pradeep Kumar Brahman
- Electroanalytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, Andhra Pradesh, India; Chemsens Technologies PVT. LTD., Vijayawada 520013, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hassan RYA. Advances in Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications: From Current Work to Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197539. [PMID: 36236638 PMCID: PMC9573286 DOI: 10.3390/s22197539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern life quality is strongly supported by the advances made in biosensors, which has been attributed to their crucial and viable contribution in point-of-care (POC) technology developments. POC devices are exploited for the fast tracing of disease progression, rapid analysis of water, and food quality assessment. Blood glucose meters, home pregnancy strips, and COVID-19 rapid tests all represent common examples of successful biosensors. Biosensors can provide great specificity due to the incorporation of selective bio-recognition elements and portability at significantly reduced costs. Electrochemical biosensor platforms are one of the most advantageous of these platforms because they offer many merits, such as being cheap, selective, specific, rapid, and portable. Furthermore, they can be incorporated into smartphones and various analytical approaches in order to increase their sensitivity and many other properties. As a very broad and interdisciplinary area of research and development, biosensors include all disciplines and backgrounds from materials science, chemistry, physics, medicine, microbiology/biology, and engineering. Accordingly, in this state-of-the-art article, historical background alongside the long journey of biosensing construction and development, starting from the Clark oxygen electrode until reaching highly advanced wearable stretchable biosensing devices, are discussed. Consequently, selected examples among the miscellaneous applications of nanobiosensors (such as microbial detection, cancer diagnosis, toxicity analysis, food quality-control assurance, point of care, and health prognosis) are described. Eventually, future perspectives for intelligent biosensor commercialization and exploitation in real-life that is going to be supported by machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are stated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeay Y. A. Hassan
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; ; Tel.: +20-11292-16152
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Da J, Liu Y. Reagentless detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B via electrochemical interrogation of conformational changes. Chirality 2022; 34:1219-1227. [PMID: 35686646 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) detection has been designed on the basis of electrochemical interrogation of conformational changes. Ferrocene-labeled hairpin probe (Fc-HP) and SEB aptamer are introduced for the construction of the platform. Without SEB, the rigid construction of DNA duplex that included SEB aptamer and Fc-HP prevented Fc getting access to the electrode surface, keeping the "eT-off" state in the detection system. In the presence of SEB, the interaction between SEB and the aptamer could trigger the disruption of DNA duplex and the restoration of hairpin structure, accompanied by the increase of Fc oxidation current. The decreasing distance between the redox probe and electrode upon the nucleic acid reconfiguration substantially increased the efficiency of eT, which resulted in the enhanced Fc signal. The proposed strategy presented a wide linear detection range from 0.005 to 100 ng mL-1 with a detection limit down to 3 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). To investigate the applicability and reliability of the method in real food samples such as milk samples, we compared the results between this method and the commercial ELISA kit. The relative percentage error between the two assays ranged from -6.42% to 6.31%, indicating that there was no obvious difference between the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Urology, General Hospital Of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Da
- Urology, General Hospital Of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanjian Liu
- Coll Food Sci & Light Ind, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deenin W, Yakoh A, Kreangkaiwal C, Chailapakul O, Patarakul K, Chaiyo S. Integrated Lateral Flow Electrochemical Strip for Leptospirosis Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2554-2560. [PMID: 35089007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
LipL32 is an outer membrane protein present only on pathogenic Leptospira species, which is the causative agent of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis symptoms are often misdiagnosed with other febrile illnesses as the clinical manifestations are non-specific. Therefore, an accurate diagnostic tool for leptospirosis is indeed critical for proper and prompt treatment. Typical diagnosis via serological assays is generally performed to assess the antibodies produced against Leptospira. However, their delayed antibody response and complicated procedure undoubtedly limit the practical utilization especially in a primary care setting. Here, we demonstrate for the first time an early-stage detection of LipL32 by an integrated lateral-flow immunoassay with an electrochemical readout (eLFIA). A ferrocene trace tag was monitored via differential pulse voltammetry operated on a smartphone-based device, thus allowing for on-field testing. A superior performance in terms of the lowest detectable limit of detection of 8.53 pg/mL and broad linear dynamic range (5 orders of magnitude) among other sensors available thus far was established. Additionally, the developed test strip provided a straightforward yet sensitive approach for diagnosis of leptospirosis using the collected human sera from patients, in which the results were comparable to the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Deenin
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abdulhadee Yakoh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chahya Kreangkaiwal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudkate Chaiyo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gunasekaran D, Gerchman Y, Vernick S. Electrochemical Detection of Waterborne Bacteria Using Bi-Functional Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugates. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010036. [PMID: 35049664 PMCID: PMC8774000 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection of microbial contamination in water is imperative to ensure water quality. We have developed an electrochemical method for the detection of E. coli using bi-functional magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) conjugates. The bi-functional MNP conjugates were prepared by terminal-specific conjugation of anti-E. coli IgG antibody and the electroactive marker ferrocene. The bi-functional MNP conjugate possesses both E. coli-specific binding and electroactive properties, which were studied in detail. The conjugation efficiency of ferrocene and IgG antibodies with amine-functionalized MNPs was investigated. Square-wave voltammetry enabled the detection of E. coli concentrations ranging from 101-107 cells/mL in a dose-dependent manner, as ferrocene-specific current signals were inversely dependent on E. coli concentrations, completely suppressed at concentrations higher than 107 cells/mL. The developed electrochemical method is highly sensitive (10 cells/mL) and, coupled to magnetic separation, provides specific signals within 1h. Overall, the bi-functional conjugates serve as ideal candidates for electrochemical detection of waterborne bacteria. This approach can be applied for the detection of other bacteria and viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharanivasan Gunasekaran
- Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Volcani Institute (ARO), Rishon leZion 5025001, Israel;
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- The Faculty of Natural Sciences, Oranim Academic College of Education, The University of Haifa, Tivon 3600600, Israel;
| | - Sefi Vernick
- Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Volcani Institute (ARO), Rishon leZion 5025001, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3499
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan R, Radoi A, Rashid S, Hayat A, Vasilescu A, Andreescu S. Two-Dimensional Nanostructures for Electrochemical Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3369. [PMID: 34066272 PMCID: PMC8152006 DOI: 10.3390/s21103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current advancements in the development of functional nanomaterials and precisely designed nanostructures have created new opportunities for the fabrication of practical biosensors for field analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials provide unique hierarchical structures, high surface area, and layered configurations with multiple length scales and porosity, and the possibility to create functionalities for targeted recognition at their surface. Such hierarchical structures offer prospects to tune the characteristics of materials-e.g., the electronic properties, performance, and mechanical flexibility-and they provide additional functions such as structural color, organized morphological features, and the ability to recognize and respond to external stimuli. Combining these unique features of the different types of nanostructures and using them as support for bimolecular assemblies can provide biosensing platforms with targeted recognition and transduction properties, and increased robustness, sensitivity, and selectivity for detection of a variety of analytes that can positively impact many fields. Herein, we first provide an overview of the recently developed 2D nanostructures focusing on the characteristics that are most relevant for the design of practical biosensors. Then, we discuss the integration of these materials with bio-elements such as bacteriophages, antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, and proteins, and we provide examples of applications in the environmental, food, and clinical fields. We conclude with a discussion of the manufacturing challenges of these devices and opportunities for the future development and exploration of these nanomaterials to design field-deployable biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Antonio Radoi
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnology—IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Romania;
| | - Sidra Rashid
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu KH, Huang WC, Shyu RH, Chang SC. Silver nanoparticle-base lateral flow immunoassay for rapid detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk and honey. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111163. [PMID: 32622212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-based sandwich-type lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was evaluated for rapid detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in milk and honey. The role of trisodium citrate dihydrate (TSC) in the formation of Ag/TSC nanoparticles was established using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The association of silver with TSC in Ag/TSC nanoparticles was studied by the decrease in the intensity of anodic peak potential at 0.47 V and shift to 0.30 V in cyclic voltammetry (CV). The morphological, compositional and interaction studies of the AgNPs conjugated with the anti-SEB polyclonal antibody (Ag-sAb) was established using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The visible detection limit and optical detection limit of the SEB test strip were 0.5 and 0.125 ppm, respectively, in SEB standard solution. This assay showed no cross-reaction with Staphylococcal enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal enterotoxin C or Salmonella typhi. Finally, the SEB test strip was effectively applied for the detection of SEB in spiked liquid milk and viscous honey, with optical detection limits of 0.25 and 0.5 ppm, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hui Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan 33551, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan 33551, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hwa Shyu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 90048 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chang
- Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 41362, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kondzior M, Grabowska I. Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2014. [PMID: 32260217 PMCID: PMC7180895 DOI: 10.3390/s20072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)33+), Ru(bpy)32+ and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Z, Li X, Jian M, Geleta GS, Wang Z. Two-Dimensional Layered Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Detecting Microbial Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:E20. [PMID: 31906152 PMCID: PMC7020412 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin detection is an important issue in numerous fields, such as agriculture/food safety, environmental monitoring, and homeland security. During the past two decades, nanotechnology has been extensively used to develop various biosensors for achieving fast, sensitive, selective and on-site analysis of toxins. In particular, the two dimensional layered (2D) nanomaterials (such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)) and their nanocomposites have been employed as label and/or biosensing transducers to construct electrochemical biosensors for cost-effective detection of toxins with high sensitivity and specificity. This is because the 2D nanomaterials have good electrical conductivity and a large surface area with plenty of active groups for conjugating 2D nanomaterials with the antibodies and/or aptamers of the targeted toxins. Herein, we summarize recent developments in the application of 2D nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for detecting toxins with a particular focus on microbial toxins including bacterial toxins, fungal toxins and algal toxins. The integration of 2D nanomaterials with some existing antibody/aptamer technologies into electrochemical biosensors has led to an unprecedented impact on improving the assaying performance of microbial toxins, and has shown great promise in public health and environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuheng Li
- Jilin Provincial Institute of Education, Changchun 130022, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Minghong Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Girma Selale Geleta
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China; (X.L.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mousavi Nodoushan S, Nasirizadeh N, Amani J, Halabian R, Imani Fooladi AA. An electrochemical aptasensor for staphylococcal enterotoxin B detection based on reduced graphene oxide and gold nano-urchins. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 127:221-228. [PMID: 30622036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) as a bacterial toxin causing severe food poisoning is of great importance. Herein, we developed an electrochemical aptasensor for SEB detection using a screen printed electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nano-urchins (AuNUs). Afterward, the single-stranded DNA probe was attached to the surface of AuNUs on the modified electrode and then the specific aptamer was attached to the probe. In the presence of SEB molecules, the aptamer detached from the electrode surface and after applying the electrochemical signal generator, hematoxylin and the peak current of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were recorded. Due to the intercalation mechanism of hematoxylin-DNA interaction, the detachment of aptamer from electrode surface decreased the DPV peak current and the calibration graph (peak current vs SEB concentration) can be used for quantification of SEB. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and also field emission scanning electron microscope imaging were used for electrode characterization. Selectivity experiments of the developed aptasensor showed a very distinct difference between SEB and other nonspecific molecules. A wide linear range from 5.0 to 500.0 fM was achieved and the detection limit was calculated as 0.21 fM. The performance of the aptasensor was checked in spiked food samples as simulated real samples and the results showed no significant difference compared to the synthetic samples. Results of selectivity and repeatability of the aptasensor were satisfactory. In addition, better recovery percentages and also lower standard deviation of aptasensor compared to a commercial ELISA kit of SEB detection proved the superior performance of the proposed aptasensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mousavi Nodoushan
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran
| | - Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd 8916871967, Iran.
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Electrochemical Biosensors for Detecting Microbial Toxins by Graphene-Based Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
15
|
Mane S, Narmawala R, Chatterjee S. Selective recognition of atropine in biological fluids and leaves of Datura stramonium employing a carbon nanotube–chitosan film based biosensor. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a selective, expeditious and facile electrochemical approach for the ultrasensitive detection of atropine in complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Mane
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Rushda Narmawala
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|