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Chen Y, Mosa A, Bouvier S, Bernard J, Ganachaud F. Proper Determination of Phase Diagrams while Nanoprecipitating Oils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12488-12496. [PMID: 38837953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Ouzo effect is a generic process to generate colloidal dispersions from a variety of solutes. Whereas phase diagrams have been quite easily established when nanoprecipitating polymers, the case of oils is less straightforward. Indeed, the short-term stability of generated nanodroplets in water/solvent mixtures complexifies the identification of the diagram boundaries. This article proposes two complementary methods, namely, fluorescence microscopy and dynamic light scattering, to determine with fair accuracy Ouzo limits in ternary systems oil/solvent/nonsolvent, without and with a surfactant, respectively. This accuracy in PD determination opens the way to a better understanding and control of the aggregation events during the nanoprecipitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Adèle Mosa
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Sacha Bouvier
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Ganachaud
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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2
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Fischer D. Sustainability in Drug and Nanoparticle Processing. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:45-68. [PMID: 37306814 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The formulation of drugs in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles can be accomplished by various methods, with nanoprecipitation and nanoemulsion being among the most commonly used manufacturing techniques to provide access to high-quality nanomaterials with reproducible quality. Current trends turned to sustainability and green concepts leading to a re-thinking of these techniques, particularly as the conventional solvents for the dissolution of the polymer suffer from limitations like hazards for human health and natural environment. This chapter gives an overview about the different excipients used in classical nanoformulations with a special focus on the currently applied organic solvents. As alternatives, the status quo of green, sustainable, and alternative solvents regarding their application, advantages, and limitations will be highlighted as well as the role of physicochemical solvent characteristics like water miscibility, viscosity, and vapor pressure for the selection of the formulation process, and for particle characteristics. New alternative solvents will be introduced for PLGA nanoparticle formation and compared regarding particle characteristics and biological effects as well as for in situ particle formation in a matrix consisting of nanocellulose. Conclusively, new alternative solvents are available that present a significant advancement toward the replacement of organic solvents in PLGA nanoparticle formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fischer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Wang Y, Li S, Ren X, Yu S, Meng X. Nano-engineering nanomedicines with customized functions for tumor treatment applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:250. [PMID: 37533106 PMCID: PMC10399036 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-engineering with unique "custom function" capability has shown great potential in solving technical difficulties of nanomaterials in tumor treatment. Through tuning the size and surface properties controllablly, nanoparticles can be endoewd with tailored structure, and then the characteristic functions to improve the therapeutic effect of nanomedicines. Based on nano-engineering, many have been carried out to advance nano-engineering nanomedicine. In this review, the main research related to cancer therapy attached to the development of nanoengineering nanomedicines has been presented as follows. Firstly, therapeutic agents that target to tumor area can exert the therapeutic effect effectively. Secondly, drug resistance of tumor cells can be overcome to enhance the efficacy. Thirdly, remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment makes the therapeutic agents work with the autoimmune system to eliminate the primary tumor and then prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Finally, the development prospects of nano-engineering nanomedicine are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shimei Li
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, China.
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Iglicki D, Goubault C, Nour Mahamoud M, Chevance S, Gauffre F. Shedding light on the formation and stability of mesostructures in ternary "Ouzo" mixtures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:72-81. [PMID: 36436349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ternary systems made of water, a water-miscible solvent, and hydrophobic solutes spontaneously produce metastable particles by the "Ouzo effect" and thermodynamically stable "Surfactant-Free Micro Emulsions" (SFME). However, the use of different analyses has led to a variability in the criteria to determine the boundaries of the Ouzo domain. We hypothesized that this could be clarified by investigating the stability and the physical state of the particles. EXPERIMENTS We investigate four systems using both solid and liquid solutes and two different solvents, and achieved a careful investigation of their phase diagrams, using DLS, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, NMR, Multiple Light Scattering, electrophoretic mobility, and fluorescence analysis. FINDINGS Our results evidence that the transition from the monophasic to the Ouzo domains does not coincide with the cloudiness curve, and that compositions in the Ouzo domain can look fully transparent, in contrast to what is often considered. This transition is best determined by stability analysis. The cloudiness curve corresponds to the formation of particles with a large size dispersity. In the Ouzo domain, we observed an exchange of solute between the continuous phase and solute particles swollen with solvent. In addition, the particles are stabilized against coalescence by their high negative charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Iglicki
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Clément Goubault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Soizic Chevance
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, ScanMat - UAR 2025, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Sahin A, Ozturk SC. Intraperitoneal administration of PLGA nanoparticles could deliver the cargo to tumor-associated macrophages with less spreading peritoneal macrophages in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Cetin N, Menevse E, Celik ZE, Ceylan C, Rama ST, Gultekin Y, Tekin T, Sahin A. Evaluation of burn wound healing activity of thermosensitive gel and PLGA nanoparticle formulation of quercetin in Wistar albino rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Solvents Drive Self-assembly Mechanisms and Inherent properties of Kraft Lignin Nanoparticles (< 50 nm). J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:178-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Varela-Fernández R, García-Otero X, Díaz-Tomé V, Regueiro U, López-López M, González-Barcia M, Isabel Lema M, Otero-Espinar FJ. Mucoadhesive PLGA Nanospheres and Nanocapsules for Lactoferrin Controlled Ocular Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040799. [PMID: 35456633 PMCID: PMC9029159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the present work describes the preparation, characterization and optimization of eight types of PLGA-based nanosystems (nanospheres and nanocapsules) as innovative mucoadhesive drug delivery systems of lactoferrin, in order to achieve a preclinical consistent base as an alternative pharmacological treatment to different ocular syndromes and diseases. Methods: All different nanoparticles were prepared via two modified nanoprecipitation techniques, using a three-component mixture of drug/polymer/surfactant (Lf/PLGA/Poloxamer), as a way to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional PLGA NPs. These modified polymeric nanocarriers, intended for topical ophthalmic administration, were subjected to in vitro characterization, surface modification and in vitro and in vivo assessments. Results: An appropriate size range, uniform size distribution and negative ζ potential values were obtained for all types of formulations. Lactoferrin could be effectively included into all types of nanoparticles with appropriate encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity values. A greater, extended, and controlled delivery of Lf from the polymeric matrix was observed through the in vitro release studies. No instability or cytotoxicity was proved for all the formulations by means of organotypic models. Additionally, mucoadhesive in vitro and in vivo experiments show a significant increase in the residence time of the nanoparticles in the eye surface. Conclusions: all types of prepared PLGA nanoparticles might be a potential alternative for the topical ophthalmic administration of lactoferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Varela-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (X.G.-O.); (V.D.-T.)
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (U.R.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Xurxo García-Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (X.G.-O.); (V.D.-T.)
- Molecular Imaging Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Victoria Díaz-Tomé
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (X.G.-O.); (V.D.-T.)
| | - Uxía Regueiro
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (U.R.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Maite López-López
- Clinical Neurosciences Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (U.R.); (M.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel González-Barcia
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - María Isabel Lema
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Ophthalmology Area, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.I.L.); (F.J.O.-E.)
| | - Francisco Javier Otero-Espinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-F.); (X.G.-O.); (V.D.-T.)
- Institute of Materials Imatus, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Paraquasil Group, University Clinical Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.I.L.); (F.J.O.-E.)
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9
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Recent Advances in the Surface Functionalization of PLGA-Based Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030354. [PMID: 35159698 PMCID: PMC8840194 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutics are habitually characterized by short plasma half-lives and little affinity for targeted cells. To overcome these challenges, nanoparticulate systems have entered into the disease arena. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most relevant biocompatible materials to construct drug nanocarriers. Understanding the physical chemistry of this copolymer and current knowledge of its biological fate will help in engineering efficient PLGA-based nanomedicines. Surface modification of the nanoparticle structure has been proposed as a required functionalization to optimize the performance in biological systems and to localize the PLGA colloid into the site of action. In this review, a background is provided on the properties and biodegradation of the copolymer. Methods to formulate PLGA nanoparticles, as well as their in vitro performance and in vivo fate, are briefly discussed. In addition, a special focus is placed on the analysis of current research in the use of surface modification strategies to engineer PLGA nanoparticles, i.e., PEGylation and the use of PEG alternatives, surfactants and lipids to improve in vitro and in vivo stability and to create hydrophilic shells or stealth protection for the nanoparticle. Finally, an update on the use of ligands to decorate the surface of PLGA nanomedicines is included in the review.
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10
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Middha E, Chen C, Manghnani PN, Wang S, Zhen S, Zhao Z, Liu B. Synthesis of Uniform Polymer Encapsulated Organic Nanocrystals through Ouzo Nanocrystallization. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100808. [PMID: 35041272 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) are widely used in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, and bioimaging. As the surface area to volume ratio increases with a decrease in the size of NCs, strategies to control the size of NCs are highly valuable for many applications. Given the importance of photoluminescent dyes, especially those with aggregation-induced emission, the transformation from an amorphous to a crystalline state can yield a drastic enhancement in their optical properties, which is of significance for biomedical applications. Till now, there is no general method available for the synthesis of small NCs with accurate control over the size and uniformity. Herein, a simple and general approach of ouzo nanocrystallization is presented for the synthesis of small (<100 nm) and highly uniform (polydispersity index~0.1) NCs with good control over the size. The process of nanoprecipitation is used to synthesize uniform nanoparticles (NPs) with different size, which is followed by solvent addition to form swollen NPs. Further, the amorphous core of swollen NPs is converted into NCs within polymer shell under Ouzo zone, which restricts NCs to grow above certain size. To demonstrate the general applicability of ouzo nanocrystallization, two different classes of luminescent materials are used as examples to fabricate small and highly uniform NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengjian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Purnima Naresh Manghnani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shijie Zhen
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Wang Y, Thies-Weesie DM, Bosman ED, van Steenbergen MJ, van den Dikkenberg J, Shi Y, Lammers T, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE. Tuning the size of all-HPMA polymeric micelles fabricated by solvent extraction. J Control Release 2022; 343:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Shrestha S, McFadden MJ, Teng ACT, Chang PDM, Deng J, Wong TWY, Cohn RD, Ivakine EA, Gramolini AO, Santerre JP. Self-Assembled Oligo-Urethane Nanoparticles: Their Characterization and Use for the Delivery of Active Biomolecules into Mammalian Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58352-58368. [PMID: 34873903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing safe and effective strategies to deliver biomolecules such as oligonucleotides and proteins into cells has grown in importance over recent years, with an increasing demand for non-viral methods that enable clinical translation. Here, we investigate uniquely configured oligo-urethane nanoparticles based on synthetic chemistries that minimize the release of pro-inflammatory biomarkers from immune cells, show low cytotoxicity in a broad range of cells, and efficiently deliver oligonucleotides and proteins into mammalian cells. The mechanism of cell uptake for the self-assembled oligo-urethane nanoparticles was shown to be directed by caveolae-dependent endocytosis in murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells. Inhibiting caveolae functions with genistein and methyl-β-cyclodextrin limited nanoparticle internalization. The nanoparticles showed a very high delivery efficiency for the genetic material (a 47-base oligonucleotide) (∼80% incorporation into cells) as well as the purified protein (full length firefly luciferase, 67 kDa) into human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Luciferase enzyme activity in HEK293T cells demonstrated that intact and functional proteins could be delivered and showed a significant extension of activity retention up to 24 h, well beyond the 2 h half-life of the free enzyme. This study introduces a novel self-assembled oligo-urethane nanoparticle delivery platform with very low associated production costs, enabled by their scalable chemistry (the benchwork cost is $ 0.152/mg vs $ 974.6/mg for typical lipid carriers) that has potential to deliver both oligonucleotides and proteins for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan J McFadden
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen C T Teng
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Dong Min Chang
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Joyce Deng
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatianna W Y Wong
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evgueni A Ivakine
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Ontario, Canada
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García-Salazar G, Zambrano-Zaragoza MDL, Serrano-Mora E, Mendoza-Díaz SO, Leyva-Gomez G, Quintanar-Guerrero D. Solid lipid nanoparticles by Venturi tube: Preparation, Characterization and Optimization by Box-Behnken design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1302-1309. [PMID: 34719999 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1989456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Venturi tube is proposed as an efficient static mixer incorporated into a continuous recirculation system for obtaining solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of monoolein. The device's operating principle consists of producing a turbulent flux in the throat of a Venturi tube. Taking advantage of this effect SLN of monoolein were obtained by rapid diffusion of the organic phase into the aqueous phase (stabilizer), causing lipid aggregation on the nanometric particles. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the critical factors for obtaining the SLN of monoolein in order to control the independent variables of this methodology. A Box-Behnken design was used to study such independent variables (factors) as injection rate (X1), recirculation rate (X2), and stabilizer (X3) on the dependent variables; namely, process yield (Y1), particle size (Y2), polydispersity index (Y3) and zeta potential (Y4). The optimum operating conditions for preparing SLN were: injection rate, 1.6 mL/min; recirculation rate, 4.2 L/min; and stabilizer concentration, 1.0 w/v, with a value of D = 0.84. The predicted responses of the particle size were 212.0 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.21, a zeta potential of -19.9 mV, and a process yield of 96.0%. Under the same operating condition, SLN formed with different lipids and stabilizers were obtained with nanometric size and zeta potential of ∼ -30.0 mV. Results show that the Venturi tube method (VTM) is an innovative and versatile technique for preparing SLN of nanometric size with high process yields through a turbulent flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto García-Salazar
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP 54745, Estado de México, México
| | - María Del Luz Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Laboratorio de Procesos de Transformación de Alimentos y Tecnologías Emergentes, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP 54714, Estado de México, México
| | - Eduardo Serrano-Mora
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP 54745, Estado de México, México
| | - Sandra Olimpia Mendoza-Díaz
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro, CP 76010, Querétaro, México
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior S/N, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n Cuautitlán Izcalli, CP 54745, Estado de México, México
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Piacentini E, Poerio T, Bazzarelli F, Giorno L. Continuous production of PVA-based hydrogel nanoparticles by membrane nanoprecipitation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Trevisan H, Nishimori K, Aime S, Guigner JM, Ouchi M, Tournilhac F. Ouzo phase occurrence with alternating lipo/hydrophilic copolymers in water. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7384-7395. [PMID: 34312632 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00575h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selection of monomer couples, ensuring reactivity ratios close to zero, is an effective strategy to induce spontaneous copolymerization into an alternating sequence. In addition, monomer design and customisation of the solvent-monomer interactions open the way to functional copolymers showing molecular self-assembly relevant to their regular amphipathic structure. In this work, we show that the design of comonomers with adequate reactivities and interactions can be used to direct copolymer self-assembly on a mesoscopic scale. We investigate spontaneous formation of nanoparticles through solvent/non-solvent interactions using the so-called "ouzo effect". In this way, an ouzo diagram was built to determine the operation window for the self-assembly, in aqueous suspensions, of alternating copolymers consisting of vinyl phenol and maleimide units carrying long alkyl-pendant groups (C12H25 or C18H37). Also, investigations were pursued to account for the influence of the lateral lipophilic pendant units on the size and structure of the nanoaggregates formed during one-shot water addition. Structure characterisation by light scattering techniques (DLS and SLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM and TEM) confirmed the self-assembly of copolymer chains into nanoparticles (size range: 60-300 nm), the size of which is affected by the lipophilicity of the alternating copolymers, solvent-water affinity and the solvent diffusion in water. Altogether, we present here the spontaneous ouzo effect as a simple method to produce stable alternating copolymer nanoparticles in water without the addition of stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Trevisan
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, CNRS, UMR 7167, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Nanoprecipitation as a simple and straightforward process to create complex polymeric colloidal morphologies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102474. [PMID: 34311157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles are highly important functional nanomaterials for a large range of applications from therapeutics to energy. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles with a variety of shapes and inner morphologies. Thanks to its inherent simplicity, the nanoprecipitation technique has progressively become a popular approach to construct polymeric nanoparticles with precise control of nanostructure. The present review highlights the great capability of this technique in controlling the fabrication of various polymeric nanostructures of interest. In particular, we show here how the nanoprecipitation of either block copolymers or mixtures of homopolymers can afford a myriad of colloids displaying equilibrium (typically onion-like) or out-of-equilibrium (stacked lamellae, porous cores) morphologies, depending whether the system "freezes" while passing the glass transition or crystallization point of starting materials. We also show that core-shell morphologies, either from polymeric or oil/polymer mixtures, are attainable by this one-pot process. A final discussion proposes new directions to enlarge the scope and possible achievements of the process.
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18
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Vollrath A, Kretzer C, Beringer-Siemers B, Shkodra B, Czaplewska JA, Bandelli D, Stumpf S, Hoeppener S, Weber C, Werz O, Schubert US. Effect of Crystallinity on the Properties of Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Containing the Dual FLAP/mPEGS-1 Inhibitor BRP-187. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2557. [PMID: 34372160 PMCID: PMC8347491 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven polycaprolactones (PCL) with constant hydrophobicity but a varying degree of crystallinity prepared from the constitutional isomers ε-caprolactone (εCL) and δ-caprolactone (δCL) were utilized to formulate nanoparticles (NPs). The aim was to investigate the effect of the crystallinity of the bulk polymers on the enzymatic degradation of the particles. Furthermore, their efficiency to encapsulate the hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drug BRP-187 and the final in vitro performance of the resulting NPs were evaluated. Initially, high-throughput nanoprecipitation was employed for the εCL and δCL homopolymers to screen and establish important formulation parameters (organic solvent, polymer and surfactant concentration). Next, BRP-187-loaded PCL nanoparticles were prepared by batch nanoprecipitation and characterized using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine and to compare particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, drug loading as well as the apparent enzymatic degradation as a function of the copolymer composition. Ultimately, NPs were examined for their potency in vitro in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes to inhibit the BRP-187 target 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP). It was evident by Tukey's multi-comparison test that the degree of crystallinity of copolymers directly influenced their apparent enzymatic degradation and consequently their efficiency to inhibit the drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Vollrath
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Christian Kretzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Baerbel Beringer-Siemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Blerina Shkodra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Justyna A. Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Damiano Bandelli
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Steffi Stumpf
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Oliver Werz
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.V.); (B.B.-S.); (B.S.); (J.A.C.); (D.B.); (S.S.); (S.H.); (C.W.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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19
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Goubault C, Iglicki D, Swain RA, McVey BFP, Lefeuvre B, Rault L, Nayral C, Delpech F, Kahn ML, Chevance S, Gauffre F. Effect of nanoparticles on spontaneous Ouzo emulsification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:572-581. [PMID: 34216953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Particles stabilize fluid interfaces. In particular, oil/water Pickering emulsions undergo limited coalescence, yielding droplets of smaller size as the amount of particles is increased. Herein, we studied the effect of hydrophobic nanoparticles (<10 nm, alkyl-coated) on submicronic droplets (ca 100 nm) formed in an Ouzo system. We investigated thoroughly the water/tetrahydrofuran (THF)/butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) reference diagram, in the absence and in the presence of nanoparticles, using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) technique. This allowed us to characterize the size distributions in a much finer way than what is usually obtained using conventional Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Both a Surfactant-Free Microemulsion (SFME, thermodynamically stable) and an Ouzo (metastable spontaneous emulsion) domains were identified and the transition from one to the other could be characterized by specific features of the droplet size distributions. We found that the presence of the nanoparticles limits coalescence in the metastable domain. We also show that the alkyl-coated nanoparticles are irreversibly attached to the liquid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert A Swain
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin F P McVey
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ludivine Rault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ScanMAT - UMS 2001, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Céline Nayral
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Delpech
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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20
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Repurposing of Guanabenz acetate by encapsulation into long-circulating nanopolymersomes for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120532. [PMID: 33781877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Poor patient response and limited treatment modalities are the major challenges against combating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The high related mortality urges for novel cancer therapeutics. Guanabenz acetate (GA) is an orphan antihypertensive drug with a short half-life. Re-purposing (GA) by developing a polymersome (PS)-based cancer nanomedicine is an innovative approach in treating TNBC. Formulation and optimization of GA-loaded PEGylated Polycaprolactone PS through different process variables (solvent selection, the order of addition, pH of the aqueous phase, and drug to polymer ratio) were achieved by the nanoprecipitation method. The in vitro cellular uptake, anti-cancer, and anti-metastatic activity of GA and GA-loaded PS were tested in MDA-MB 231(TNBC cell line) and MCF-7 cell line. Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular anti-cancer mechanism. The in vivo biodistribution study and antitumor activity were investigated in the TNBC-xenograft model implanted in mice. Under optimized formulation conditions, GA-loaded PS had a nanosize of 90.5 nm with PDI < 0.2, a zeta potential -9.11 mV, drug encapsulation efficiency of 92.11% and sustained drug release for 6-days. GA-loaded PS exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and achieved a significantly lower IC50 in both breast cancer cell lines compared to free GA. Treatment with GA-loaded PS (60 µM) showed a significant reduction of 60.5 and 78.1% in cancer migration and metastasis in the case of MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7, respectively. Besides, drug-loaded PS increased phosphorylation of translational regulator eIF2α and decreased expression of Rac1 which were essential for decreasing cancer cell survival and metastasis. In vivo biodistribution study of GA-loaded PS showed long-circulating PS with high passively targeted tumor accumulation. Treatment with GA-loaded PS resulted in a significant decrease in tumor size and weight compared to free GA. In conclusion, GA-loaded PS is a new promising cancer therapeutics for the treatment of TNBC.
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21
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Shkodra B, Press AT, Vollrath A, Nischang I, Schubert S, Hoeppener S, Haas D, Enzensperger C, Lehmann M, Babic P, Benecke KJ, Traeger A, Bauer M, Schubert US. Formulation of Liver-Specific PLGA-DY-635 Nanoparticles Loaded with the Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Bisindolylmaleimide I. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111110. [PMID: 33218172 PMCID: PMC7698893 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM-I) is a competitive pan protein kinase C inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-metastatic properties, suggested to treat inflammatory diseases and various cancer entities. However, despite its therapeutic potential, BIM-I has two major drawbacks, i.e., it has a poor water solubility, and it binds the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) ion channels, potentially causing deadly arrhythmias. In this case, a targeted delivery of BIM-I is imperative to minimize peripheral side effects. To circumvent these drawbacks BIM-I was encapsulated into nanoparticles prepared from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) functionalized by the near-infrared dye DY-635. DY-635 served as an active targeting moiety since it selectively binds the OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters that are highly expressed in liver and cancer cells. PLGA-DY-635 (BIM-I) nanoparticles were produced by nanoprecipitation and characterized using dynamic light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Particle sizes were found to be in the range of 20 to 70 nm, while a difference in sizes between the drug-loaded and unloaded particles was observed by all analytical techniques. In vitro studies demonstrated that PLGA-DY-635 (BIM-I) NPs prevent the PKC activation efficiently, proving the efficacy of the inhibitor after its encapsulation, and suggesting that BIM-I is released from the PLGA-NPs. Ultimately, our results present a feasible formulation strategy that improved the cytotoxicity profile of BIM-I and showed a high cellular uptake in the liver as demonstrated in vivo by intravital microscopy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Shkodra
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Adrian T. Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.T.P.); (P.B.); (K.J.B.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Vollrath
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Dorothee Haas
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Marc Lehmann
- SmartDyeLivery GmbH, Botzstrasse 5, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Petra Babic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.T.P.); (P.B.); (K.J.B.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Kay Jovana Benecke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.T.P.); (P.B.); (K.J.B.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Bauer
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.T.P.); (P.B.); (K.J.B.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (A.V.); (I.N.); (S.H.); (D.H.); (A.T.)
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-3641-9482-00
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22
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Saha D, Kumar S, Ray D, Kohlbrecher J, Aswal VK. Role of physicochemical parameters associated with the hydrophobic vs. amphiphilic biodegradable polymer nanoparticles formation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Cinar G, Englert C, Lehmann M, Nischang I. In Situ, Quantitative Assessment of Multifunctional Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems in Human Serum. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7932-7939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Cinar
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Marc Lehmann
- SmartDyeLivery GmbH, Botzstraße 5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Das A, Kundu S, Ghosh SK, Basu A, Gupta M, Mukherjee A. Guar gum cinnamate ouzo nanoparticles for bacterial contact killing in water environment. Carbohydr Res 2020; 491:107983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Non-isocyanate polyurethane nanoprecipitation: Toward an optimized preparation of poly(hydroxy)urethane nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Shkodra-Pula B, Vollrath A, Schubert US, Schubert S. Polymer-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications. FRONTIERS OF NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102828-5.00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Tonbul H, Sahin A, Tavukcuoglu E, Esendagli G, Capan Y. Combination drug delivery with actively-targeted PLGA nanoparticles to overcome multidrug resistance in breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Ghasemi SM, Alavifar SS. The role of physicochemical properties in the nanoprecipitation of cellulose acetate. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115628. [PMID: 31887871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cellulose acetate (CA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the nanoprecipitation technique. The effects of solvent mixture quality and order of addition on the size evolution of CA NPs were investigated. The size of CA NPs was reduced by decreasing the nonsolvent-solvent mixture interaction parameter (χNS-mS) and by increasing the polymer-solvent mixture interaction parameter (χP-mS). The NPs prepared by the method of addition of the polymer solution to the nonsolvent were smaller than those prepared by addition of the nonsolvent to the polymer solution. The very small CA NPs with the diameter of 37 nm and very narrow PdI of 0.045 were fabricated without using any surfactant and charged groups. The role of surface tension and osmotic pressure forces on the formation of NPs were discussed. The formation mechanism of NPs could be assigned to the rapid polymer precipitation and solidification (vitrification) of the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Ghasemi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, 5331817634, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, 5331817634, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Sepideh Alavifar
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, 5331817634, Iran
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Schuldes I, Noll DM, Schindler T, Zech T, Götz K, Appavou MS, Boesecke P, Steiniger F, Schulz PS, Unruh T. Internal Structure of Nanometer-Sized Droplets Prepared by Antisolvent Precipitation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13578-13587. [PMID: 31547660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antisolvent precipitation (AP) is a low-cost and less-invasive preparation alternative for organic nanoparticles compared to top-down methods such as high-pressure homogenization or milling. Here we report on particularly small organic nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by AP. It has been found for various materials that these NPs in their liquid state exhibit a significant degree of molecular order at their interface toward the dispersion medium including ubiquinones (coenzyme Q10), triglycerides (trimyristin, tripalmitin), and alkanes (tetracosane). This finding is independent of the use of a stabilizer in the formulation. While this is obviously a quite general interfacial structuring effect, the respective structural details of specific NPs systems might differ. Here, a detailed structural characterization of very small liquid coenzyme Q10 (Q10) NPs is presented as a particular example for this phenomenon. The Q10 NPs have been prepared by AP in the presence of two different stabilizers, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5), respectively, and without any stabilizer. The NPs' size is initially analyzed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The SDS-stabilized Q10 NPs have been studied further by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (CryoTEM). A simultaneous analysis of SAXS and contrast variation SANS studies revealed the molecular arrangement within the interface between the NPs and the dispersion medium. The Q10 NPs stabilized by SDS and C12E5, respectively, are small (down to 19.9 nm) and stable (for at least 16 months) even when no stabilizer is used. The SDS-stabilized Q10 NPs reported here, are therewith, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest organic NPs which have been reported to be prepared by AP so far. In particular, these NPs exhibit a core-shell structure consisting of an amorphous Q10 core and a surrounding shell, which is mainly composed of oriented Q10 molecules and aligned SDS molecules. This structure suggests a significant amphiphilic behavior and a rather unexpected stabilizing role of Q10 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schuldes
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Dennis M Noll
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Torben Schindler
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Klaus Götz
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Peter Boesecke
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) , 71 Avenue de Martyrs , CS40220, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Center for Electron Microscopy of the Jena University Hospital , Ziegelmühlenweg 1 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Chair for Chemical Engineering I (Reaction Engineering) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Egerlandstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tobias Unruh
- Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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Role of self‐assembly conditions and amphiphilic balance on nanoparticle formation of PEG‐PDLLA copolymers in aqueous environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Jara MO, Catalan-Figueroa J, Landin M, Morales JO. Finding key nanoprecipitation variables for achieving uniform polymeric nanoparticles using neurofuzzy logic technology. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 8:1797-1806. [PMID: 29288356 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoprecipitation is a simple and fast method to produce polymeric nanoparticles (Np); however, most applications require filtration or another separation technique to isolate the nanosuspension from aggregates or polydisperse particle production. In order to avoid variability introduced by these additional steps, we report here a systematic study of the process to yield monomodal and uniform Np production with the nanoprecipitation method. To further identify key variables and their interactions, we used artificial neural networks (ANN) to investigate the multiple variables which influence the process. In this work, a polymethacrylate derivative was used for Np (NpERS) and a database with several formulations and conditions was developed for the ANN model. The resulting ANN model had a high predictability (> 70%) for NpERS characteristics measured (mean size, PDI, zeta potential, and number of particle populations). Moreover, the model identified production variables leading to polymer supersaturation, such as mixing time and turbulence, as key in achieving monomodal and uniform NpERS in one production step. Polymer concentration and type of solvent, modifiers of polymer diffusion and supersaturation, were also shown to control NpERS characteristics. The ANN study allowed the identification of key variables and their interactions and resulted in a predictive model to study the NpERS production by nanoprecipitation. In turn, we have achieved an optimized method to yield uniform NpERS which could pave way for polymeric nanoparticle production methods with potential in biological and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel O Jara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 4to piso, Of. 09, Independencia, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johanna Catalan-Figueroa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 4to piso, Of. 09, Independencia, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier O Morales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, 4to piso, Of. 09, Independencia, 8380494, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), 8380494, Santiago, Chile. .,Pharmaceutical Biomaterial Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
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32
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Development of Hydrophilic Drug Encapsulation and Controlled Release Using a Modified Nanoprecipitation Method. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The improvement of the loading content of hydrophilic drugs by polymer nanoparticles (NPs) recently has received increased attention from the field of controlled release. We developed a novel, simply modified, drop-wise nanoprecipitation method which separated hydrophilic drugs and polymers into aqueous phase (continuous phase) and organic phase (dispersed phase), both individually and involving a mixing process. Using this method, we produced ciprofloxacin-loaded NPs by Poly (d,l-lactic acid)-Dextran (PLA-DEX) and Poly lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-Polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) successfully, with a considerable drug-loading ability up to 27.2 wt% and an in vitro sustained release for up to six days. Drug content with NPs can be precisely tuned by changing the initial drug feed concentration of ciprofloxacin. These studies suggest that this modified nanoprecipitation method is a rapid, facile, and reproducible technique for making nano-scale drug delivery carriers with high drug-loading abilities
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33
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Rosiuk V, Runser A, Klymchenko A, Reisch A. Controlling Size and Fluorescence of Dye-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles through Polymer Design. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7009-7017. [PMID: 31081637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprecipitation is a straightforward yet powerful technique to synthesize polymer nanoparticles loaded with various biologically active compounds or contrast agents. Particle formation in this approach is kinetically controlled, and various assembly parameters have been used to control the size distribution and properties of the formed nanoparticles. Here, the influence of the nature of the polymer on the formation of nanoparticles in nanoprecipitation is studied systematically by varying its hydrophobicity and charge over a broad range. For this, methacrylate copolymers with different types and fractions of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and charged side groups are synthesized. Nanoprecipitation of these polymers shows that particle size increases with increasing global hydrophobicity of the polymers. At the same time, both hydrophilic and charged groups reduce particle size. In this way, we achieve control over particle size from ∼10 to 200 nm. Furthermore, the effect of the polymer nature on the photophysical properties of nanoparticles loaded with a fluorescent dye, a rhodamine B derivative with a bulky hydrophobic counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate), is studied. It is found that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the polymer modulates to a large extent the spectral properties and fluorescence quantum yield of the dye encapsulated at high concentration, which reflects changes in the dye aggregation within the polymer matrix. Thus, we show how polymer chemistry can tune kinetically controlled formation of nanoparticles and encapsulation of the load. The concepts introduced here should be valuable tools for the design of nanoparticles for imaging and drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Rosiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Anne Runser
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Cedex 67401 Illkirch , France
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Beck-Broichsitter M, Bohr A. Bioinspired polymer nanoparticles omit biophysical interactions with natural lung surfactant. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:964-976. [PMID: 31109226 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1621400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the attenuated impact of bioinspired nanoparticles on the essential function of lung surfactant. Colloidal particles made from poly(lactide) caused a significant loss of surfactant protein B (and C) from a natural lung surfactant accompanied by a decline in surface activity under static conditions and surface area cycling. No such perturbation of lung surfactant composition and function was observed for polymer nanoparticles coated with bioinspired poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC). More specifically, increasing the PMPC-coating layer thickness (≥3 nm) and density (dense conformation, distance of individual polymer chains of ≤3 nm) on the polymer nanoparticle surface diminished bioadverse events. PMPC-coated poly(lactide) nanoparticles provoked a less severe perturbation of the utilized lung surfactant when compared to colloidal counterparts coated with poly(ethylene glycol). Overall, a steric shielding of colloidal drug delivery vehicles with bioinspired PMPC can be considered as a valuable approach for the rationale development of biocompatible nanomedicines intended for lung delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Medical Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Adam Bohr
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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35
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Quérette T, Fleury E, Sintes-Zydowicz N. Non-isocyanate polyurethane nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Simpson MJ, Corbett B, Arezina A, Hoare T. Narrowly Dispersed, Degradable, and Scalable Poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)-Based Nanogels via Thermal Self-Assembly. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J. Simpson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon Corbett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Arezina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Sahu KK, Pandey RS. Development and characterization of HBsAg-loaded Eudragit nanoparticles for effective colonic immunization. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:166-175. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1444639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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38
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Beck-Broichsitter M. Compatibility of PEGylated Polymer Nanoparticles with the Biophysical Function of Lung Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:540-545. [PMID: 29220196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To minimize an unwanted interference of colloidal drug delivery vehicles with the biophysical functionality of lung surfactant, the surface of polymer nanoparticles was modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGylation). Plain poly(lactide) nanoparticles provoked a statistically relevant decrease in the surface activity of the naturally derived lung surfactant, Alveofact. By contrast, the extent of lung surfactant inhibition induced by PEGylated polymer nanoparticles was significantly attenuated. Here, escalations of the PEG coating layer thickness (>3 nm, with a chain-to-chain distance of ≤4 nm) on the colloidal surface were capable of circumventing bioadverse effects. Accordingly, polymer nanoparticles equipped with PEG chains with a molecular weight above 2-5 kDa were compatible with the biophysical function of Alveofact. Overall, PEGylation of polymer nanoparticles presents a promising approach for the development of inhalation nanomedicines revealing negligible effects on the surface activity of the lining layer present in the deep lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Medical Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität , Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institut Galien, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud XI , Châtenay-Malabry 92290, France
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Ekkelenkamp AE, Elzes MR, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Responsive crosslinked polymer nanogels for imaging and therapeutics delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:210-235. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are water-soluble crosslinked polymer networks with tremendous potential in targeted imaging and controlled drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie E. Ekkelenkamp
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - M. Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
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40
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Ren G, Chen P, Tang J, Wang R, Duan S, Wang R, Xie Y, Zhang S. Construction and cellular uptake evaluation of redox-responsive docetaxel prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:598-607. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1405435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolian Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuai Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuqiu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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41
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Kundu S, Das A, Basu A, Abdullah MF, Mukherjee A. Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Louage B, De Wever O, Hennink WE, De Geest BG. Developments and future clinical outlook of taxane nanomedicines. J Control Release 2017; 253:137-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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43
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Wang H, Wu J, Xie K, Fang T, Chen C, Xie H, Zhou L, Zheng S. Precise Engineering of Prodrug Cocktails into Single Polymeric Nanoparticles for Combination Cancer Therapy: Extended and Sequentially Controllable Drug Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10567-10576. [PMID: 28271714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of two or more chemotherapeutics frequently requires packaging in single delivery vehicles for the sequential release of each substance in a predictable manner. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the rational engineering of a prodrug cocktail into single polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) can enable the sequential release of chemotherapeutics in a controllable manner. Exploiting combretastatin-A4 (CA4, 1) as a model antiangiogenesis agent, two ester derivatives, 2 and 3, tethered with saturated fatty acids (butanoic and heptanoic acid for 2 and 3, respectively) were synthesized. 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) derivative 4, esterified with α-linolenic acid, was used as a cytotoxic drug. Because of their augmented lipophilicity and miscibility, all constructed prodrugs readily assembled with clinically approved polymeric matrices. Results showed that altering the aliphatic chains of modifiers for CA4 chemical derivatization enabled the drug retention capacity within particle systems to be adjusted, leading to the identification of the prodrug cocktail of 2 and 4 as an optimal combination for subsequent preclinical studies. Furthermore, in vivo assessements indicated that the resulting NPs simultaneously formulating 2 and 4 exhibited synergistic activities and outperformed NPs loaded with individual prodrugs 2 or 4 in terms of therapeutic efficacy. These findings highlight a novel and versatile strategy for tailoring chemically disparate prodrug cocktails for adaptation within a single nanoplatform as a potential modality for synergistic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Fang
- Jinhua People's Hospital , Jinhua, Zhejiang Province 321000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University , Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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Preparation of Drug-Loaded PLGA-PEG Nanoparticles by Membrane-Assisted Nanoprecipitation. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1296-1308. [PMID: 28342057 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to develop a scalable continuous system suitable for the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles using membrane-assisted nanoprecipitation. One of the hurdles to overcome in the use of nanostructured materials as drug delivery vectors is their availability at industrial scale. Innovation in process technology is required to translate laboratory production into mass production while preserving their desired nanoscale characteristics. METHODS Membrane-assisted nanoprecipitation has been used for the production of Poly[(D,L lactide-co-glycolide)-co-poly ethylene glycol] diblock) (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles using a pulsed back-and-forward flow arrangement. Tubular Shirasu porous glass membranes (SPG) with pore diameters of 1 and 0.2 μm were used to control the mixing process during the nanoprecipitation reaction. RESULTS The size of the resulting PLGA-PEG nanoparticles could be readily tuned in the range from 250 to 400 nm with high homogeneity (PDI lower than 0.2) by controlling the dispersed phase volume/continuous phase volume ratio. Dexamethasone was successfully encapsulated in a continuous process, achieving an encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency of 50% and 5%, respectively. The dexamethasone was released from the nanoparticles following Fickian kinetics. CONCLUSIONS The method allowed to produce polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery with a high productivity, reproducibility and easy scalability.
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Sahin A, Esendagli G, Yerlikaya F, Caban-Toktas S, Yoyen-Ermis D, Horzum U, Aktas Y, Khan M, Couvreur P, Capan Y. A small variation in average particle size of PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation leads to considerable change in nanoparticles’ characteristics and efficacy of intracellular delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1657-1664. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1276924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firat Yerlikaya
- Elixir Pharmaceutical Research and Development Corporation, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Caban-Toktas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Digdem Yoyen-Ermis
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Horzum
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Aktas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud UMR CNRS 8612, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris-Sud XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yilmaz Capan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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46
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Louage B, Tack L, Wang Y, De Geest BG. Poly(glycerol sebacate) nanoparticles for encapsulation of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds into nanocarriers that are stable in aqueous medium is of high interest as it can increase solubilization of the drug, lower its toxicity, control its pharmacokinetic profile and thus overall improve the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Louage
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Liesa Tack
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Ghent University
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Yadong Wang
- Departments of Bioengineering
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Surgery
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
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47
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Beck-Broichsitter M. Stability-limit Ouzo region boundaries for poly(lactide- co -glycolide) nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:262-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yildirim T, Traeger A, Preussger E, Stumpf S, Fritzsche C, Hoeppener S, Schubert S, Schubert US. Dual Responsive Nanoparticles from a RAFT Copolymer Library for the Controlled Delivery of Doxorubicin. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Yildirim
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Preussger
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Steffi Stumpf
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Fritzsche
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Otto-Schott-Strasse 41, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Nicolas J. Drug-Initiated Synthesis of Polymer Prodrugs: Combining Simplicity and Efficacy in Drug Delivery. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016; 28:1591-1606. [PMID: 27041820 PMCID: PMC4810754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nanomedicine, the global trend over the past few years has been toward the design of highly sophisticated drug delivery systems with active targeting and/or imaging capabilities, as well as responsiveness to various stimuli to increase their therapeutic efficacy. However, providing sophistication generally increases complexity that could be detrimental in regards to potential pharmaceutical development. An emerging concept to design efficient yet simple drug delivery systems, termed the "drug-initiated" method, consists of growing short polymer chains from drugs in a controlled fashion to yield well-defined drug-polymer prodrugs. These materials are obtained in a reduced amount of synthetic steps and can be self-assembled into polymer prodrug nanoparticles, be incorporated into lipid nanocarriers or be used as water-soluble polymer prodrugs. This Perspective article will capture the recent achievements from the "drug-initiated" method and highlight the great biomedical potential of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Nicolas
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université
Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste
Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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50
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Chiu SJ, Lin CY, Chou HC, Hu TM. Silica Ouzo Effect: Amphiphilic Drugs Facilitate Nanoprecipitation of Polycondensed Mercaptosilanes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:211-220. [PMID: 26673354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic drugs are therapeutic agents whose molecular structures contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. Here we report a systematic study on how amphiphilic drugs can assist in silica nanoprecipitation. 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was used as the sole silica material and 12 amphiphilic drugs spanning a wide spectrum of therapeutic categories were included. MPTMS polycondensation was conducted in a DMSO-based organic phase. After a sufficient time, particle formation was induced by injecting a small amount of the organic phase into a water solution containing various amphiphiles. The results show that all amphiphilic drugs studied exerted concentration-dependent facilitating effect on nanoparticle formation. Under certain preparation conditions, the particle solution showed physical stability over a long period and the formed particles could be as small as 100 nm. By systematically varying drug concentrations and injection volumes, the ability of each amphiphile to promote nanoprecipitation can be quantified and compared, based on two novel indices: the area under the critical volume-concentration curve (AUC) and the critical stabilization concentration (CSC). We demonstrate that both ability indices significantly correlated with the drug's log P and critical micelle concentrations (CMC). Furthermore, we have optimized the aging and particle purification condition and extensively characterized our system through comprehensive TEM and zeta-potential measurements, as well as determinations for drug entrapment and release. In conclusion, we have established a quantitative structure-activity relationship for amphiphilic small-molecular drugs in their ability to interact with poly(mercaptopropyl)silsesquioxane species and form nanoparticles via solvent shifting. We speculate that both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play important roles in the formation and stabilization of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Chang Chou
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teh-Min Hu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC
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