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Hussen NH, Hasan AH, FaqiKhedr YM, Bogoyavlenskiy A, Bhat AR, Jamalis J. Carbon Dot Based Carbon Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9849-9864. [PMID: 38463310 PMCID: PMC10918813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs are widely used due to increasing widespread infectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacterial, fungal, viral agents, or cancer cells, which are one of the major causes of mortality globally. Nevertheless, several microorganisms developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of genetic changes that have occurred over an extended period. Carbon-based materials, particularly carbon dots (C-dots), are potential candidates for antibacterial and anticancer nanomaterials due to their low toxicity, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high dispersibility in aqueous conditions, and promising biocompatibility. In this Review, the content is divided into four sections. The first section concentrates on C-dot structures, surface functionalization, and morphology. Following that, we summarize C-dot classifications and preparation methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, and so on. The antimicrobial applications of C-dots as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents both in vivo and in vitro are discussed. Finally, we thoroughly examined the anticancer activity displayed by C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin Hamaamin Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Aso Hameed Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yar Muhammed FaqiKhedr
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy
- Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Ajmal R Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Joazaizulfazli Jamalis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Maity S, Modak MD, Tomar MS, Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Patra S, Pareek D, Singh M, Pandey M, Paik P. Facile cost-effective green synthesis of carbon dots: selective detection of biologically relevant metal ions and synergetic efficiency for treatment of cancer. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025043. [PMID: 38364283 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A facile cost-effective green synthesis approach has been used to synthesize carbon-dot (CDs) from the Kernel part of theAzadirachta Indicaseeds and investigated their fluorescent and metal ions sensing capability and also used for the delivery of drugs. Metallic ions such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Fe3+,and Zn2+which are biologically important for many reactions and are selectively detected through the novel CDs. The resultant dot size of CDs (∼4 nm) is useful to eliminate the 'Achilles heel' problems, which is associated with the Zn2+in the body and its detection is a very challenging task. It is found that the sensitivity of CDs for the detection of Zn2+can be regulated by using different solvents. These CDs can also be used as a sensing probe for the selective detection of Fe3+at a very low concentration of solution (∼5 μM). The synthesis method of CDs reported here is cost-effective, very fast and it is highly selective towards Fe3+and Zn2+. Due to the fast response capability of these CDs, logic gate operation is achieved and it provides a new understanding to construct potential next-generation molecular devices for the detection of different biomolecules with high selectivity. Additionally, these CDs are biocompatible against normal healthy cells, capable of loading small biomolecules and drugs due to their porous nature, and exhibited potential impact for breast cancer therapy. It is observed that a significant synergic therapeutic effect of CDs loaded with doxorubicin against breast cancer cells is very promising. Thus, the CDs reported herein in this work have been synthesized through a green synthesis approach and can be used as a molecular probe for the detection of metal ions as well as for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Monami Das Modak
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Munendra Singh Tomar
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Monica Pandey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
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Yazdani S, Mozaffarian M, Pazuki G, Hadidi N, Villate-Beitia I, Zárate J, Puras G, Pedraz JL. Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:288. [PMID: 38399344 PMCID: PMC10891563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapeutics are promising for treating diseases at the genetic level, with some already validated for clinical use. Recently, nanostructures have emerged for the targeted delivery of genetic material. Nanomaterials, exhibiting advantageous properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, facile functionalization, substantial loading capacity, and tunable physicochemical characteristics, are recognized as non-viral vectors in gene therapy applications. Despite progress, current non-viral vectors exhibit notably low gene delivery efficiency. Progress in nanotechnology is essential to overcome extracellular and intracellular barriers in gene delivery. Specific nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), nanodiamonds (NDs), and similar carbon-based structures can accommodate diverse genetic materials such as plasmid DNA (pDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), small interference RNA (siRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), and antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). To address challenges such as high toxicity and low transfection efficiency, advancements in the features of carbon-based nanostructures (CBNs) are imperative. This overview delves into three types of CBNs employed as vectors in drug/gene delivery systems, encompassing their synthesis methods, properties, and biomedical applications. Ultimately, we present insights into the opportunities and challenges within the captivating realm of gene delivery using CBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yazdani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Mehrdad Mozaffarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (S.Y.); (G.P.)
| | - Naghmeh Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Research and EM Microscope, Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII), Tehran P.O. Box 131694-3551, Iran;
| | - Ilia Villate-Beitia
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jon Zárate
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.V.-B.); (J.Z.); (G.P.)
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Calle José Achotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Dar MS, Tabish TA, Thorat ND, Swati G, Sahu NK. Photothermal therapy using graphene quantum dots. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031502. [PMID: 37614868 PMCID: PMC10444203 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of powerful anti-oncology medicines have been possible because of advances in nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a type of treatment wherein nanomaterials absorb the laser energy and convert it into localized heat, thereby causing apoptosis and tumor eradication. PTT is more precise, less hazardous, and easy-to-control in comparison to other interventions such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, various nanomaterials for PTT applications have been reviewed; however, a comprehensive study of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has been scantly reported. GQDs have received huge attention in healthcare technologies owing to their various excellent properties, such as high water solubility, chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Motivated by the fascinating scientific discoveries and promising contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in GQDs for PTT. This review summarizes the properties and synthesis strategies of GQDs including top-down and bottom-up approaches followed by their applications in PTT (alone and in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy). Furthermore, we also focus on the systematic study of in vitro and in vivo toxicities of GQDs triggered by PTT. Moreover, an overview of PTT along with the synergetic application used with GQDs for tumor eradication are discussed in detail. Finally, directions, possibilities, and limitations are described to encourage more research, which will lead to new treatments and better health care and bring people closer to the peak of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanveer A. Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - G. Swati
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Gulati S, Baul A, Amar A, Wadhwa R, Kumar S, Varma RS. Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Pathways to Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:554. [PMID: 36770515 PMCID: PMC9920802 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a new family of photoluminescent 0D NPs, have recently received a lot of attention. They have enormous future potential due to their unique properties, which include low toxicity, high conductivity, and biocompatibility and accordingly can be used as a feasible replacement for conventional materials deployed in various optoelectronic, biomedical, and energy applications. The most recent trends and advancements in the synthesizing and setup of photoluminescent CQDs using environmentally friendly methods are thoroughly discussed in this review. The eco-friendly synthetic processes are emphasized, with a focus on biomass-derived precursors. Modification possibilities for creating newer physicochemical properties among different CQDs are also presented, along with a brief conceptual overview. The extensive amount of writings on them found in the literature explains their exceptional competence in a variety of fields, making these nanomaterials promising alternatives for real-world applications. Furthermore, the benefits, drawbacks, and opportunities for CQDs are discussed, with an emphasis on their future prospects in this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gulati
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arikta Baul
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anoushka Amar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rachit Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies, and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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Applications of Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Photocatalysts: A Review. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable interest from the scientific community due to their exceptional properties, such as high photoluminescence, broadband absorption, low toxicity, water solubility and (photo)chemical stability. As a result, they have been applied in several fields, such as sensing, bioimaging, artificial lighting and catalysis. In particular, CDs may act as sole photocatalysts or as part of photocatalytic nanocomposites. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review on the use of CDs as sole photocatalysts in the areas of hydrogen production via water splitting, photodegradation of organic pollutants and photoreduction and metal removal from wastewaters. Furthermore, key limitations preventing a wider use of CDs as photocatalysts are pointed out. It is our hope that this review will serve as a basis on which researchers may find useful information to develop sustainable methodologies for the synthesis and use of photocatalytic CDs.
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Chen L, Wang CF, Liu C, Chen S. Facile Access to Fabricate Carbon Dots and Perspective of Large-Scale Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022:e2206671. [PMID: 36479832 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with particle sizes < 10 nm, are constantly being developed for potential large-scale applications. Recently, methods allow CD synthesis to be carried out on large-scale preparation in a controlled fashion are potentially important for multiple disciplines, including bottom-up strategy, top-down method. In this review, the recent progresses in the research of the methods for large-scale production of CDs and their functionalization are summarized. Especially, the methods of CD synthesis, such as large-scale preparation, hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, magnetic hyperthermia microfluidic and other methods, along with functionalization of CDs, are summarized in detail. By promising applications of CDs, there are three aspects have been already reported, such as enhancing mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and energy storage. Also, future development of CDs is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional, Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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Khan ME, Mohammad A, Yoon T. State-of-the-art developments in carbon quantum dots (CQDs): Photo-catalysis, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134815. [PMID: 35526688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), the intensifying nanostructured form of carbon material, have exhibited incredible impetus in several research fields such as bio-imaging, bio-sensing, drug delivery systems, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis, thanks to their exceptional properties. The CQDs show extensive photonic and electronic properties, as well as their light-collecting, tunable photoluminescence, remarkable up-converted photoluminescence, and photo-induced transfer of electrons were widely studied. These properties have great advantages in a variety of visible-light-induced catalytic applications for the purpose of fully utilizing the energy from the solar spectrum. The major purpose of this review is to validate current improvements in the fabrication of CQDs, characteristics, and visible-light-induced catalytic applications, with a focus on CQDs multiple functions in photo-redox processes. We also examine the problems and future directions of CQD-based nanostructured materials in this growing research field, with an eye toward establishing a decisive role for CQDs in photocatalysis, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing applications that are enormously effective and stable over time. In the end, a look forward to future developments is presented, with a view to overcoming challenges and encouraging further research into this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University, Jazan, 45971, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Taeho Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
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A Review on Graphene Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Detection of Emerging Pollutants. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2223-2236. [PMID: 36042154 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots which are known as zero-dimensional materials are gaining increasing attention from researchers all over the world. This is predicated upon their relatively unique chemiluminescent, fluorescent, electrochemiluminescent, and electronic properties. The precise mechanism of electrochemiluminescence continues to be a subject of debate in the research world, and this is important in identifying synthetic pathways for graphene quantum dots. Heavy metals and other emerging pollutants are global health and environmental concerns. Several studies have reported the sensitivity and limit of detection of graphene quantum dots up to the nano-, pico-, and femto- levels when used as sensors. This review seeks to bridge information gaps on the reported electrochemiluminescence chemosensors for emerging pollutants using graphene quantum dots under the sub-headings, synthesis, characterization, electrochemiluminescence chemosensor detection, and comparison with other detection methods.
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de Boëver R, Town JR, Li X, Claverie JP. Carbon Dots for Carbon Dummies: The Quantum and The Molecular Questions Among Some Others. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200748. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël de Boëver
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jason R. Town
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jerome P. Claverie
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
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Sengar P, Chauhan K, Hirata GA. Progress on carbon dots and hydroxyapatite based biocompatible luminescent nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Transl Oncol 2022; 24:101482. [PMID: 35841822 PMCID: PMC9293661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. This review discusses the development of CD and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer theranostics. The effect of synthesis strategies and doping on photoluminescent properties along with tuning of emission in biological window has been briefly reviewed. The cancer targeting strategies, biocompatibility and biodistribution of CDs and nHA based luminescent probes is discussed. A summary of current challenges and future perspectives is provided.
Despite the significant advancement in cancer diagnosis and therapy, a huge burden remains. Consequently, much research has been diverted on the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for improvement in conventional diagnosis and therapy. Luminescent nanomaterials offer a versatile platform for the development of such materials as their intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) property offers convergence of diagnosis as well as therapy at the same time. However, the clinical translation of nanomaterials faces various challenges, including biocompatibility and cost-effective scale up production. Thus, luminescent materials with facile synthesis approach along with intrinsic biocompatibility and anticancerous activity hold significant importance. As a result, carbon dots (CDs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) have attracted much attention for the development of optical imaging probes. CDs are the newest members of the carbonaceous nanomaterials family that possess intrinsic luminescent and therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for cancer theranostic. Additionally, nHA is an excellent bioactive material due to its compositional similarity to the human bone matrix. The nHA crystal can efficiently host rare-earth elements to attain luminescent property, which can further be implemented for cancer theranostic applications. Herein, the development of CDs and nHA based nanomaterials as multifunctional agents for cancer has been briefly discussed. The emphasis has been given to different synthesis strategies leading to different morphologies and tunable PL spectra, followed by their diverse applications as biocompatible theranostic agents. Finally, the review has been summarized with the current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Sengar
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México
| | - Gustavo A Hirata
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, México.
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Kansara V, Tiwari S, Patel M. Graphene quantum dots: A review on the effect of synthesis parameters and theranostic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112605. [PMID: 35688109 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through 'turn-on' and 'turn-off' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushti Kansara
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mitali Patel
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Das D, Saha M, Das AR. Synthesis, properties and catalysis of quantum dots in C–C and C-heteroatom bond formations. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Luminescent quantum dots (QDs) represent a new form of carbon nanomaterials which have gained widespread attention in recent years, especially in the area of chemical sensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, solar cells, light-emitting diode (LED), and electrocatalysis. Their extremely small size renders some unusual properties such as quantum confinement effects, good surface binding properties, high surface‐to‐volume ratios, broad and intense absorption spectra in the visible region, optical and electronic properties different from those of bulk materials. Apart from, during the past few years, QDs offer new and versatile ways to serve as photocatalysts in organic synthesis. Quantum dots (QD) have band gaps that could be nicely controlled by a number of factors in a complicated way, mentioned in the article. Processing, structure, properties and applications are also reviewed for semiconducting quantum dots. Overall, this review aims to summarize the recent innovative applications of QD or its modified nanohybrid as efficient, robust, photoassisted redox catalysts in C–C and C-heteroatom bond forming reactions. The recent structural modifications of QD or its core structure in the development of new synthetic methodologies are also highlighted. Following a primer on the structure, properties, and bio-functionalization of QDs, herein selected examples of QD as a recoverable sustainable nanocatalyst in various green media are embodied for future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Das
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700009 , India
| | - Asish. R. Das
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calcutta , Kolkata 700009 , India
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14
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Jung H, Sapner VS, Adhikari A, Sathe BR, Patel R. Recent Progress on Carbon Quantum Dots Based Photocatalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:881495. [PMID: 35548671 PMCID: PMC9081694 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.881495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel carbon allotrope, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been investigated in various fields, including photocatalysis, bioimaging, optoelectronics, energy and photovoltaic devices, biosensing, and drug delivery owing to their unique optical and electronic properties. In particular, CQDs' excellent sunlight harvesting ability, tunable photoluminescence (PL), up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL), and efficient photo-excited electron transfer have enabled their applications in photocatalysis. This work focuses on the recent progress on CQDs-related materials' synthesis, properties, and applications in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwapyung Jung
- Nano Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Vijay S. Sapner
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Bhaskar R. Sathe
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Bhaskar R. Sathe, ; Rajkumar Patel,
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy and Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Bhaskar R. Sathe, ; Rajkumar Patel,
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15
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Chen BB, Chang S, Jiang L, Lv J, Gao YT, Wang Y, Qian RC, Li DW, Hafez ME. Reversible polymerization of carbon dots based on dynamic covalent imine bond. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:464-469. [PMID: 35483178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as new type of carbon-based nanoparticles, are considered to be an aggregate with irreversible polymerization. Achieving the reversible tunability of CDs luminescence based on their reversible polymerization is a challenging subject. Herein, we, for the first time, design and construct the blue-emitting CDs with reversible polymerization by a room-temperature Schiff base reaction between tannic acid and ethylenediamine. The formation of CDs is proven to be due to the crosslinking polymerization of precursors caused by imine bond. As a dynamic covalent bond, imine bond endows CDs with controllable structural transformation properties, and the prepared CDs can be depolymerized and polymerized reversibly by pH-controlled imine bond cleavage and re-formation. These properties of reversible fluorescence photoswitching make the CDs have a good application prospect in reversible information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ya-Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed Hafez
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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16
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Moallemi Bahmani M, Haji Shabani AM, Dadfarnia S, Afsharipour R. Selective and Sensitive Fluorometric Determination of Piroxicam Based on Nitrogen-doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Phenylalanine. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1337-1346. [PMID: 35366163 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive fluorimetric method is proposed for the determination of piroxicam using nitrogen graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) and gold nanoparticles coated with phenylalanine. The fluorescence emission of N-GQDs at 440 nm decreases with the increase of gold nanoparticles coated with phenylalanine. However, the addition of piroxicam causes the release of gold nanoparticles from the surface of quantum dots followed by the retrieval of the fluorescence emission of N-GQDs. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 2.0-35.0 nmol L-1 for piroxicam with a limit of detection of 0.11 nmol L-1. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of piroxicam in urine and serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roya Afsharipour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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17
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Sarkar S, Roy D, Das A, Roy R, Das D, Das BK, Ghorai UK, Chattopadhyay KK. Probing the emission dynamics in nitrogen doped carbon dots by reversible capping with mercury (II) through surface chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanistic insight and emission dynamics have been explored of size dependent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (namely 3A,3B & 3C) with toxic metal Hg2+ ions via...
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18
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Kundu A, Maity B, Basu S. Coal-derived graphene quantum dots with a Mn 2+/Mn 7+ nanosensor for selective detection of glutathione by a fluorescence switch-off–on assay. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coal derived GQDs-Mn2+/Mn7+ nanosensor for the sensitive detection of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Banibrata Maity
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty—TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
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19
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Cui L, Ren X, Sun M, Liu H, Xia L. Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3419. [PMID: 34947768 PMCID: PMC8705349 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are known as the rising star of carbon-based nanomaterials and, by virtue of their unique structure and fascinating properties, they have attracted considerable interest in different fields such as biological sensing, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis, and solar cells in recent years. Particularly, the outstanding electronic and optical properties of the CDs have attracted increasing attention in biomedical and photocatalytic applications owing to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photostability, tunable fluorescence, outstanding efficient up-converted photoluminescence behavior, and photo-induced electron transfer ability. This article reviews recent progress on the synthesis routes and optical properties of CDs as well as biomedical and photocatalytic applications. Furthermore, we discuss an outlook on future and potential development of the CDs based biosensor, biological dye, biological vehicle, and photocatalysts in this booming research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China;
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Yuanyang Branch Department, Beijing Jingshan School, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Xin Ren
- International Department, Beijing No. 12 High School, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China;
| | - Lixin Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Yingkou Institute of Technology, Yingkou 115014, China;
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20
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Kang H, Zhang L, Hu S, Guan L, Liu W, Tian D. Synthesis and Cell Imaging of Graphene Quantum Dots from Konjac Glucomannan. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lilei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxiong Guan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dating Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000 People's Republic of China
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21
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Witte F, Rietsch P, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Weigert F, Götze JP, Resch-Genger U, Eigler S, Paulus B. Aggregation-induced emission leading to two distinct emissive species in the solid-state structure of high-dipole organic chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17521-17529. [PMID: 34368821 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02534a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of aggregation-induced emission represents a means to rationalise photoluminescence of usually nonfluorescent excimers in solid-state materials. In this publication, we study the photophysical properties of selected diaminodicyanoquinone (DADQ) derivatives in the solid state using a combined approach of experiment and theory. DADQs are a class of high-dipole organic chromophores promising for applications in non-linear optics and light-harvesting devices. Among the compounds investigated, we find both aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-caused quenching effects rationalised by calculated energy transfer rates. Analysis of fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurements provide the interesting result that (at least) two emissive species seem to contribute to the photophysical properties of DADQs. The main emission peak is notably broadened in the long-wavelength limit and exhibits a blue-shifted shoulder. We employ high-level quantum-chemical methods to validate a molecular approach to a solid-state problem and show that the complex emission features of DADQs can be attributed to a combination of H-type aggregates, monomers, and crystal structure defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Witte
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Facile and economic synthesis of heteroatoms co-doped graphene using garlic biomass as a highly stable electrocatalyst toward 4 e− ORR. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Tummala S, Lee CH, Ho YP. Boron, and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots as a multiplexing probe for sensing of p-nitrophenol, Fe (III), and temperature. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:265502. [PMID: 33721842 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abeeb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (B, N-CDs) were fabricated through a simple, one-step hydrothermal reaction of citric acid, boric acid, and tris base. The obtained B, N-CDs exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence, high quantum yield (QY), biocompatibility, photostability, and aqueous solubility. The QY was substantially increased to 57% by doping boron atoms. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of B, N-CDs was temperature-dependent and decreased linearly from 283 to 333 K. The prepared B, N-CDs were used as a fluorescence probe for the detection ofpara-nitrophenol (p-NP) and Fe (III) ions with low detection limits of 0.17μM and 0.30μM, respectively. Moreover, the presence of p-NP could be further confirmed by a colorimetric assay. The fluorescent probe has been applied to determine p-NP and Fe (III) in a spiked serum sample and spiked water samples (lake and tap water). Moreover, the as-prepared B, N-CDs were of low toxicity and capable of bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikrishna Tummala
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Peng Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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24
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Gudimella KK, Appidi T, Wu HF, Battula V, Jogdand A, Rengan AK, Gedda G. Sand bath assisted green synthesis of carbon dots from citrus fruit peels for free radical scavenging and cell imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 197:111362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Cohen EN, Kondiah PPD, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Carbon Dots as Nanotherapeutics for Biomedical Application. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2207-2221. [PMID: 32238132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200402102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are zero-dimensional spherical allotropes of carbon and are less than 10nm in size (ranging from 2-8nm). Based on their biocompatibility, remarkable water solubility, eco- friendliness, conductivity, desirable optical properties and low toxicity, carbon dots have revolutionized the biomedical field. In addition, they have intrinsic photo-luminesce to facilitate bio-imaging, bio-sensing and theranostics. Carbon dots are also ideal for targeted drug delivery. Through functionalization of their surfaces for attachment of receptor-specific ligands, they ultimately result in improved drug efficacy and a decrease in side-effects. This feature may be ideal for effective chemo-, gene- and antibiotic-therapy. Carbon dots also comply with green chemistry principles with regard to their safe, rapid and eco-friendly synthesis. Carbon dots thus, have significantly enhanced drug delivery and exhibit much promise for future biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the various applications of carbon dots in biomedical fields. In doing so, this review highlights the synthesis, surface functionalization and applicability of biodegradable polymers for the synthesis of carbon dots. It further highlights a myriad of biodegradable, biocompatible and cost-effective polymers that can be utilized for the fabrication of carbon dots. The limitations of these polymers are illustrated as well. Additionally, this review discusses the application of carbon dots in theranostics, chemo-sensing and targeted drug delivery systems. This review also serves to discuss the various properties of carbon dots which allow chemotherapy and gene therapy to be safer and more target-specific, resulting in the reduction of side effects experienced by patients and also the overall increase in patient compliance and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eemaan N Cohen
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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26
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Jeon SB, Samal M, Govindaraju S, Ragini Das R, Yun K. Cytotoxicity and Bioimaging Study for NHDF and HeLa Cell Lines by Using Graphene Quantum Pins. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2550. [PMID: 33353017 PMCID: PMC7766917 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of an interesting graphene quantum material called "graphene quantum pins (GQPs)". Morphological analysis revealed the interesting pin shape (width: ~10 nm, length: 50-100 nm) and spectral analysis elucidated the surface functional groups, structural features, energy levels, and photoluminescence properties (blue emission under 365 nm). The difference between the GQPs and graphene quantum dos (GQDs) isolated from the same reaction mixture as regards to their morphological, structural, and photoluminescence properties are also discussed along with the suggestion of a growth mechanism. Cytotoxicity and cellular responses including changes in biophysical and biomechanical properties were evaluated for possible biomedical applications of GQPs. The studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of GQPs even at a high concentration of 512 μg/mL. Our results suggest GQPs can be used as a potential bio-imaging agent with desired photoluminescence property and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Beom Jeon
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
- School of Environmental and Science Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Monica Samal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Rupasree Ragini Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
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Xu A, Wang G, Li Y, Dong H, Yang S, He P, Ding G. Carbon-Based Quantum Dots with Solid-State Photoluminescent: Mechanism, Implementation, and Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004621. [PMID: 33145929 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs), including spherical carbon dots and graphene quantum dots, are an emerging class of photoluminescent (PL) materials with unique properties. Great progress has been made in the design and fabrication of high-performance CQDs, however, the challenge of developing solid-state PL CQDs have aroused great interest among researchers. A clear PL mechanism is the basis for the development of high-performance solid-state CQDs for light emission and is also a prerequisite for the realization of multiple practical applications. However, the extremely complex structure of a CQD greatly limits the understanding of the solid-state PL mechanism of CQDs. So far, a variety of models have been proposed to explain the PL of solid-state CQDs, but they have not been unified. This review summarizes the current understanding of the solid-state PL of solid-state CQDs from the perspective of energy band theory and electronic transitions. In addition, the common strategies for realizing solid-state PL in CQDs are also summarized. Furthermore, the applications of CQDs in the fields of light-emitting devices, anti-counterfeiting, fingerprint detection, etc., are proposed. Finally, a brief outlook is given, highlighting current problems, and directions for development of solid-state PL of CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Rais, Rais A, Rawat K, Prasad T, Bohidar HB. Boron-doped carbon quantum dots: a 'turn-off' fluorescent probe for dopamine detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 32:025501. [PMID: 33055372 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb84d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron-doped carbon quantum dots (size 2.3 nm) were fabricated by a modified hydrothermal carbonization one-pot synthesis protocol using 4-hydroxy phenylboronic acid as the common precursor that provided seed for the formation of carbon quantum dots as well as the dopant. These quantum dots exhibited excellent properties, namely good aqueous dispersion, strong fluorescence emission, good environmental stability, high selectivity and sensitivity towards the neurochemical dopamine even in the absence of any linker, functionalizing agents or enzyme. It is shown that this material can be used as a 'turn-off' fluorescent probe for the detection of even low concentrations of dopamine with a limit of detection (3σ/S) of about 6 μM. The simplicity of the synthesis protocol and the ease of dopamine detection define the novelty of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rais
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Chemical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Kortel M, Mansuriya BD, Vargas Santana N, Altintas Z. Graphene Quantum Dots as Flourishing Nanomaterials for Bio-Imaging, Therapy Development, and Micro-Supercapacitors. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E866. [PMID: 32962061 PMCID: PMC7570118 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considerably a new member of the carbon family and shine amongst other members, thanks to their superior electrochemical, optical, and structural properties as well as biocompatibility features that enable us to engage them in various bioengineering purposes. Especially, the quantum confinement and edge effects are giving GQDs their tremendous character, while their heteroatom doping attributes enable us to specifically and meritoriously tune their prospective characteristics for innumerable operations. Considering the substantial role offered by GQDs in the area of biomedicine and nanoscience, through this review paper, we primarily focus on their applications in bio-imaging, micro-supercapacitors, as well as in therapy development. The size-dependent aspects, functionalization, and particular utilization of the GQDs are discussed in detail with respect to their distinct nano-bio-technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (B.D.M.); (N.V.S.)
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Dager A, Baliyan A, Kurosu S, Maekawa T, Tachibana M. Ultrafast synthesis of carbon quantum dots from fenugreek seeds using microwave plasma enhanced decomposition: application of C-QDs to grow fluorescent protein crystals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12333. [PMID: 32704038 PMCID: PMC7378176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the rapid synthesis of mono-dispersed carbon quantum dots (C-QDs) via a single-step microwave plasma-enhanced decomposition (MPED) process. Highly-crystalline C-QDs were synthesized in a matter of 5 min using the fenugreek seeds as a sustainable carbon source. It is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, where C-QDs were synthesized using MPED via natural carbon precursor. Synthesis of C-QDs requires no external temperature other than hydrogen (H2) plasma. Plasma containing the high-energy electrons and activated hydrogen ions predominantly provide the required energy directly into the reaction volume, thus maximizing the atom economy. C-QDs shows excellent Photoluminescence (PL) activity along with the dual-mode of excitation-dependent PL emission (blue and redshift). We investigate the reason behind the dual-mode of excitation-dependent PL. To prove the efficacy of the MPED process, C-QDs were also derived from fenugreek seeds using the traditional synthesis process, highlighting their respective size-distribution, crystallinity, quantum yield, and PL. Notably, C-QDs synthesis via MPED was 97.2% faster than the traditional thermal decomposition process. To the best of our knowledge, the present methodology to synthesize C-QDs via natural source employing MPED is three times faster and far more energy-efficient than reported so far. Additionally, the application of C-QDs to produce the florescent lysozyme protein crystals "hybrid bio-nano crystals" is also discussed. Such a guest-host strategy can be exploited to develop diverse and complex "bio-nano systems". The florescent lysozyme protein crystals could provide a platform for the development of novel next-generation polychrome luminescent crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Dager
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Ankur Baliyan
- NISSAN ARC, LTD, 1-Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 236-0061, Japan
| | - Shunji Kurosu
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100, Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Masaru Tachibana
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
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31
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Perini G, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, De Spirito M, Papi M. Unravelling the Potential of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedicine and Neuroscience. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3712. [PMID: 32466154 PMCID: PMC7279214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanoparticles that have been gaining ground in various applications, including the biomedical field, thanks to their unique optical properties. Recently, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have earned attention in biomedicine and nanomedicine, thanks to their higher biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity compared to other QDs. GQDs share the optical properties of QD and have proven ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). For this reason, GQDs are now being employed to deepen our knowledge in neuroscience diagnostics and therapeutics. Their size and surface chemistry that ease the loading of chemotherapeutic drugs, makes them ideal drug delivery systems through the bloodstream, across the BBB, up to the brain. GQDs-based neuroimaging techniques and theranostic applications, such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy, have been designed. In this review, optical properties and biocompatibility of GQDs will be described. Then, the ability of GQDs to overtake the BBB and reach the brain will be discussed. At last, applications of GQDs in bioimaging, photophysical therapies and drug delivery to the central nervous system will be considered, unraveling their potential in the neuroscientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Zhang H, Ba S, Yang Z, Wang T, Lee JY, Li T, Shao F. Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Nanocomposites for Diagnosing Cancer Biomarker APE1 in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13634-13643. [PMID: 32129072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As an essential DNA repair enzyme, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is overexpressed in most human cancers and is identified as a cancer diagnostic and predictive biomarker for cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment efficacy. Despite its importance in cancer, however, it is still a significant challenge nowadays to sense abundance variation and monitor enzymatic activity of this biomarker in living cells. Here, we report our construction of biocompatible functional nanocomposites, which are a combination of meticulously designed unimolecular DNA and fine-sized graphene quantum dots. Upon utilization of these nanocomposites as diagnostic probes, massive accumulation of fluorescence signal in living cells can be triggered by merely a small amount of cellular APE1 through repeated cycles of enzymatic catalysis. Most critically, our delicate structural designs assure that these graphene quantum dot-based nanocomposites are capable of sensing cancer biomarker APE1 in identical type of cells under different cell conditions and can be applied to multiple cancerous cells in a highly sensitive and specific manners. This work not only brings about new methods for cytology-based cancer screening but also lays down a general principle for fabricating diagnostic probes that target other endogenous biomarkers in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sai Ba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Yiqin Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tianhu Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Fangwei Shao
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
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Das R, Sugimoto H, Fujii M, Giri PK. Quantitative Understanding of Charge-Transfer-Mediated Fe 3+ Sensing and Fast Photoresponse by N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Decorated on Plasmonic Au Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4755-4768. [PMID: 31914727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a heterostructure with plasmonic nanoparticles drastically alters the optoelectronic properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), resulting in exceptional properties. In the present work, we prepare nitrogen-doped GQDs decorated on gold nanoparticles (Au@N-GQDs) by a one-step green reduction method and study its extraordinary fluorescence and photoresponse characteristics. The as-prepared Au@N-GQDs show more than one order of magnitude enhancement in the fluorescence intensity as compared to the bare N-GQDs, which is attributed to hot electron generation and improved absorption in N-GQDs by local field enhancement and the modification of the edge functional groups. Because of the selective coordination to Fe3+ ions, the Au@N-GQDs exhibit extraordinary quenching of fluorescence, with ultrahigh sensitivity for the detection of Fe3+ (<1 nM). A new model for the charge-transfer dynamics is developed involving the Langmuir's law of adsorption to explain the unusual quenching, which strongly deviates from the known models of static/dynamic quenching. The proposed sensor is successfully implemented for the ultrasensitive detection of Fe3+ ions in human serum and Brahmaputra river water samples, representing its high potential applications in clinical as well as environmental diagnosis. Additionally, because of its high absorption in the UV-vis-NIR region and high charge density with long life excitons, the Au@N-GQDs are utilized as photodetectors with ∼104 times faster response than that of bare N-GQDs. The Au@N-GQD-based photodetector possesses a high responsivity of ∼1.36 A/W and a remarkably high external quantum efficiency of ∼292.2%, which is much superior to the GQD-based photodetectors reported till date. The underlying mechanism of ultrafast photoresponse is ascribed to the transfer of hot electrons along with the tunneling of the electrons from Au NPs to N-GQDs as well as the defect reduction of N-GQDs by the incorporation of Au NPs. Without the use of any charge transporting layer, the outstanding performance of N-GQD-based plasmonic photodetector opens up unique opportunities for future high-speed optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Das
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Kobe University , Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657 , Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Kobe University , Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657 , Japan
| | - P K Giri
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
- Centre for Nanotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
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Tajik S, Dourandish Z, Zhang K, Beitollahi H, Le QV, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Carbon and graphene quantum dots: a review on syntheses, characterization, biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15406-15429. [PMID: 35495425 PMCID: PMC9052380 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-transmitters have been considered to be essential biochemical molecules, which monitor physiological and behavioral function in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, it is of high pharmaceutical and biological significance to analyze neuro-transmitters in the biological samples. So far, researchers have devised a lot of techniques for assaying these samples. It has been found that electro-chemical sensors possess features of robustness, selectivity, and sensitivity as well as real-time measurement. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon QDs (CQDs) are considered some of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials at the forefront of this research area. This is due to their characteristics including lower toxicity, higher solubility in various solvents, great electronic features, strong chemical inertness, high specific surface areas, plenty of edge sites for functionalization, and versatility, in addition to their ability to be modified via absorbent surface chemicals and the addition of modifiers or nano-materials. Hence in the present review, the synthesis methods of GQDs and CQDs has been summarized and their characterization methods also been analyzed. The applications of carbon-based QDs (GQDs and CQDs) in biological and sensing areas, such as biological imaging, drug/gene delivery, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, photoluminescence sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors and electrochemical sensors, have also been discussed. This study then covers sensing features of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and acetylcholine. Hence, issues and challenges of the GQDs and CQDs were analyzed for their further development. Carbon and graphene quantum dots for biological and sensing applications of neurotransmitters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Zahra Dourandish
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Da Nang 550000
- Vietnam
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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Kumar YR, Deshmukh K, Sadasivuni KK, Pasha SKK. Graphene quantum dot based materials for sensing, bio-imaging and energy storage applications: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23861-23898. [PMID: 35517370 PMCID: PMC9055121 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are an attractive nanomaterial consisting of a monolayer or a few layers of graphene having excellent and unique properties. GQDs are endowed with the properties of both carbon dots (CDs) and graphene. This review addresses applications of GQD based materials in sensing, bioimaging and energy storage. In the first part of the review, different approaches of GQD synthesis such as top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods have been discussed. The prime focus of this review is on green synthesis methods that have also been applied to the synthesis of GQDs. The GQDs have been discussed thoroughly for all the aspects along with their potential applications in sensors, biomedicine, and energy storage systems. In particular, emphasis is given to popular applications such as electrochemical and photoluminescence (PL) sensors, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors, humidity and gas sensors, bioimaging, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, supercapacitors and dye-sensitized solar cells. Finally, the challenges and the future perspectives of GQDs in the aforementioned application fields have been discussed. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are an attractive nanomaterial consisting of a monolayer or a few layers of graphene having excellent and unique properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physics
- VIT-AP University
- Amaravati
- India
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies – Research Center
- University of West Bohemia
- Univerzitní 8
- Plzeň
- Czech Republic
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Yadav PK, Singh VK, Kumar C, Chandra S, Jit S, Singh SK, Talat M, Hasan SH. A Facile Synthesis of Green‐Blue Carbon Dots from
Artocarpus lakoocha
Seeds and Their Application for the Detection of Iron (III) in Biological Fluids and Cellular Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadav
- Nano Material Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- Nano Material Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Department of Electronics EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Nano Material Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Satyabrata Jit
- Department of Electronics EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Mahe Talat
- Nano Material Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
| | - Syed Hadi Hasan
- Nano Material Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi - 221005, U.P. India
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Moghimian S, Sangpour P. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of GQDs-MoS2 nanocomposite with enhanced supercapacitive performance. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-019-01366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dager A, Uchida T, Maekawa T, Tachibana M. Synthesis and characterization of Mono-disperse Carbon Quantum Dots from Fennel Seeds: Photoluminescence analysis using Machine Learning. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14004. [PMID: 31570739 PMCID: PMC6769153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of mono-dispersed C-QDs via single-step thermal decomposition process using the fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare). As synthesized C-QDs have excellent colloidal, photo-stability, environmental stability (pH) and do not require any additional surface passivation step to improve the fluorescence. The C-QDs show excellent PL activity and excitation-independent emission. Synthesis of excitation-independent C-QDs, to the best of our knowledge, using natural carbon source via pyrolysis process has never been achieved before. The effect of reaction time and temperature on pyrolysis provides insight into the synthesis of C-QDs. We used Machine-learning techniques (ML) such as PCA, MCR-ALS, and NMF-ARD-SO in order to provide a plausible explanation for the origin of the PL mechanism of as-synthesized C-QDs. ML techniques are capable of handling and analyzing the large PL data-set, and institutively recommend the best excitation wavelength for PL analysis. Mono-disperse C-QDs are highly desirable and have a range of potential applications in bio-sensing, cellular imaging, LED, solar cell, supercapacitor, printing, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Dager
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan.,Silicone-Electronics Materials Research Center, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-10 Hitomi, Matsuida-machi, Annaka-shi, Gunma, 379-0224, Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Silicone-Electronics Materials Research Center, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-10 Hitomi, Matsuida-machi, Annaka-shi, Gunma, 379-0224, Japan
| | - Masaru Tachibana
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
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Lu H, Li W, Dong H, Wei M. Graphene Quantum Dots for Optical Bioimaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902136. [PMID: 31304647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great potential in bioimaging applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, feasibility for surface functionalization, physiological stability, and tunable fluorescence properties. This Review first introduces the intriguing optical properties of GQDs that are suitable for biological imaging, and is followed by the GQDs' synthetic strategies. The emergent and latest development methods for tuning GQDs' optical properties are further described in detail. The recent advanced applications of GQDs in vitro, particularly in cell imaging, targeted imaging, and theranostic nanoplatform fabrication, are included. The applications of GQDs for in vivo bioimaging are also covered. Finally, the Review is concluded with the challenges and prospectives that face this nascent yet exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Menglian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, T6G, 2G2, Canada
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40
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Peng Y, Dong W, Wan L, Quan X. Determination of folic acid via its quenching effect on the fluorescence of MoS2 quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:605. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Carbon and graphene quantum dots (CQDs and GQDs), known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing and bioimaging. Their unique electronic, fluorescent, photoluminescent, chemiluminescent, and electrochemiluminescent properties are what gives them potential in sensing. In this Review, we summarize the basic knowledge on CQDs and GQDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into CQDs- and GQD-based nanomaterials in sensing. With regard to the latter, the authors suggest that with the potential of these nanomaterials in sensing more research is needed on understanding their optical properties and why the synthetic methods influence their properties so much, into methods of surface functionalization that provide greater selectivity in sensing and into new sensing concepts that utilize the virtues of these nanomaterials to give us new or better sensors that could not be achieved in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Mohammadinejad R, Dadashzadeh A, Moghassemi S, Ashrafizadeh M, Dehshahri A, Pardakhty A, Sassan H, Sohrevardi SM, Mandegary A. Shedding light on gene therapy: Carbon dots for the minimally invasive image-guided delivery of plasmids and noncoding RNAs - A review. J Adv Res 2019; 18:81-93. [PMID: 30828478 PMCID: PMC6383136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted great attention due to their superior properties, such as biocompatibility, fluorescence, high quantum yield, and uniform distribution. These characteristics make CDs interesting for bioimaging, therapeutic delivery, optogenetics, and theranostics. Photoluminescence (PL) properties enable CDs to act as imaging-trackable gene nanocarriers, while cationic CDs with high transfection efficiency have been applied for plasmid DNA and siRNA delivery. In this review, we have highlighted the precursors, structure and properties of positively charged CDs to demonstrate the various applications of these materials for nucleic acid delivery. Additionally, the potential of CDs as trackable gene delivery systems has been discussed. Although there are several reports on cellular and animal approaches to investigating the potential clinical applications of these nanomaterials, further systematic multidisciplinary approaches are required to examine the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution patterns of CDs for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box: 71345-1583, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hosseinali Sassan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mojtaba Sohrevardi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Silences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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43
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Wang X, Xu XC, Yang M, Jiang P, Zhao J, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Concentration-tuned multicolor carbon dots: microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, mechanism and applications. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and simple way to obtain multicolor-emission carbon dots and an exploration of their mechanism and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Mian Yang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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44
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Wu J, Xie L. Structural Quantification for Graphene and Related Two-Dimensional Materials by Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 91:468-481. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juanxia Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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45
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Zhang R, Ding Z. Recent Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots as Bioimaging Probes. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Jiang M, Niu N, Chen Z, Li S, Liu S, Li J. Natural-Product-Derived Carbon Dots: From Natural Products to Functional Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:11-24. [PMID: 29072348 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nature provides an almost limitless supply of sources that inspire scientists to develop new materials with novel applications and less of an environmental impact. Recently, much attention has been focused on preparing natural-product-derived carbon dots (NCDs), because natural products have several advantages. First, natural products are renewable and have good biocompatibility. Second, natural products contain heteroatoms, which facilitate the fabrication of heteroatom-doped NCDs without the addition of an external heteroatom source. Finally, some natural products can be used to prepare NCDs in ways that are very green and simple relative to traditional methods for the preparation of carbon dots from man-made carbon sources. NCDs have shown tremendous potential in many fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis. This Review addresses recent progress in the synthesis, properties, and applications of NCDs. The challenges and future direction of research on NCD-based materials in this booming field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Na Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
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Devi S, Gupta RK, Paul AK, Kumar V, Sachdev A, Gopinath P, Tyagi S. Ethylenediamine mediated luminescence enhancement of pollutant derivatized carbon quantum dots for intracellular trinitrotoluene detection: soot to shine. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32684-32694. [PMID: 35547677 PMCID: PMC9086249 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vehicle-generated toxic pollutants are composed of gaseous smoke and particulate byproducts accumulated as a black substance at its exhaust. This particulate matter (soot) is utilized for the green synthesis of highly stable, non-toxic, environment friendly, carbon quantum dots (CQD). The CQDs are synthesized via the simple hydrothermal route in the absence (C1) and presence (C2) of oxidants. The as-synthesized CQDs are amine functionalized using ethylenediamine. The amine functionalized CQDs (C1N and C2N) are explored for trinitrotoluene detection. From transmission electron microscopy, the average size of C1 and C2 was found to be about 4.2 nm and 5.6 nm respectively. The incorporation of amine groups lead to an increase in quantum yields from 5.63% to 12.7% for C1 and from 3.25% to 8.48% for C2 QDs. A limit of detection (LOD) of 13 ppb was displayed by C1N while the LODs of 11 ppb and 4.97 ppb were delivered by C2N at λex 370 nm and λex 420 nm respectively. The Stern–Volmer constant for C1N is 2.02 × 106 M−1 while for C2N at λex 370 nm and λex 420 nm is 0.38 × 106 M−1 and 0.48 × 106 M−1 respectively. Furthermore, C1N presents high selectivity for TNT compared to C2N. Owing to their higher luminescence, C1N particles are successfully demonstrated for their applicability in intracellular TNT detection. Vehicle-generated toxic pollutants are composed of gaseous smoke and particulate byproducts accumulated as a black substance at its exhaust.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Devi
- Analytical Techniques Division
- CSIR-CSIO
- Chandigarh 160030
- India
| | | | | | - Vinay Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - Abhay Sachdev
- Analytical Techniques Division
- CSIR-CSIO
- Chandigarh 160030
- India
| | - P. Gopinath
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - S. Tyagi
- Analytical Techniques Division
- CSIR-CSIO
- Chandigarh 160030
- India
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48
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Tian J, Wei W, Wang J, Ji S, Chen G, Lu J. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer aptasensor between nanoceria and graphene quantum dots for the determination of ochratoxin A. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:265-272. [PMID: 29289319 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, colloidal cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were firstly synthesized by sol-gel method and pyrolysis respectively, which all have a uniform nano-size and significant fluorescence emission. Due to the fluorescence emission spectrum of nanoceria overlapped the absorption spectrum of GQDs, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between nanoceria and GQDs could occur effectively by the electrostatic interaction. Based on it, a sensitive ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), a small molecular mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium strains, has been successfully constructed. In which, probe DNA1@nanoceria and DNA2@GQD were designed to complementary with OTA aptamer, both could adsorb each other, leading to the occur of FRET. After adding of OTA aptamer and then introducing of OTA, the FRET would be interrupted/recovered due to the specific affinity of OTA and its aptamer, the fluorescence recovery value would increase with the addition of OTA. Under the optimal experimental conditions (pH 7, mGQD/nanoceria 2, captamer 100 nM, incubation time 30 min), the constructed ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor exhibited a satisfying linear range (0.01-20 ng mL-1), low limit of detection (2.5 pg mL-1) and good selectivity towards OTA, and has been successfully applied for the analysis of real sample peanuts with good accuracy of the recoveries ranged from 90 to 110%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuying Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Wenqi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Saijie Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Guichan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Jusheng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
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49
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Xia C, Hai X, Chen XW, Wang JH. Simultaneously fabrication of free and solidified N, S-doped graphene quantum dots via a facile solvent-free synthesis route for fluorescent detection. Talanta 2017; 168:269-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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50
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Li K, Liu W, Ni Y, Li D, Lin D, Su Z, Wei G. Technical synthesis and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4811-4826. [PMID: 32263997 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have generated enormous excitement because of their superiority in chemical inertness, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Due to quantum confinement and edge effects, GQDs have excellent properties, attracting extensive attention from scientists in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, biology, and other interdisciplinary sciences. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive view on the synthesis of GQDs for biological applications. We highlight potential methods like acid oxidation, hydrothermal and solvothermal reactions, microwave-assisted methods, electrochemical oxidation, as well as pyrolysis and carbonization for the successful preparation of GQDs. Meanwhile, four representative types of biomedical application based on GQDs, bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, and antimicrobial materials, are introduced and discussed in detail. This work will be very useful for quickly gaining knowledge and experience for synthesizing various GQDs, and developing advanced strategies for creating novel functional GQD-based nanomaterials for further applications in biomedicine, materials science, analytical science, and optical nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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