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Chahal S, Sahay T, Li Z, Sharma RK, Kumari E, Bandyopadhyay A, Kumari P, Jyoti Ray S, Vinu A, Kumar P. Graphene via Microwave Expansion of Graphite Followed by Cryo-Quenching and its Application in Electrostatic Droplet Switching. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404337. [PMID: 38958089 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Monoelemental atomic sheets (Xenes) and other 2D materials offer record electronic mobility, high thermal conductivity, excellent Young's moduli, optical transparency, and flexural capability, revolutionizing ultrasensitive devices and enhancing performance. The ideal synthesis of these quantum materials should be facile, fast, scalable, reproducible, and green. Microwave expansion followed by cryoquenching (MECQ) leverages thermal stress in graphite to produce high-purity graphene within minutes. MECQ synthesis of graphene is reported at 640 and 800 W for 10 min, followed by liquid nitrogen quenching for 5 and 90 min of sonication. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the chemical identity and phase purity of monolayers and few-layered graphene sheets (200-12 µm). Higher microwave power yields thinner layers with enhanced purity. Molecular dynamics simulations and DFT calculations support the exfoliation under these conditions. Electrostatic droplet switching is demonstrated using MECQ-synthesized graphene, observing electrorolling of a mercury droplet on a BN/graphene interface at voltages above 20 V. This technique can inspire the synthesis of other 2D materials with high purity and enable new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Chahal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Hyderabad, 502284, India
| | - Trisha Sahay
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Raju Kumar Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College Sheohar, Chhatauna Bisunpur, Block- Piprahi, Sheohar, Bihar, 843329, India
| | - Ekta Kumari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
| | - Arkamita Bandyopadhyay
- Institut für Physik, Theoretische Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenber, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna, 801106, India
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
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Sahu TK, Kumar N, Chahal S, Jana R, Paul S, Mukherjee M, Tavabi AH, Datta A, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Valov I, Nayak A, Kumar P. Microwave synthesis of molybdenene from MoS 2. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1430-1438. [PMID: 37666941 PMCID: PMC10716048 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Dirac materials are characterized by the emergence of massless quasiparticles in their low-energy excitation spectrum that obey the Dirac Hamiltonian. Known examples of Dirac materials are topological insulators, d-wave superconductors, graphene, and Weyl and Dirac semimetals, representing a striking range of fundamental properties with potential disruptive applications. However, none of the Dirac materials identified so far shows metallic character. Here, we present evidence for the formation of free-standing molybdenene, a two-dimensional material composed of only Mo atoms. Using MoS2 as a precursor, we induced electric-field-assisted molybdenene growth under microwave irradiation. We observe the formation of millimetre-long whiskers following screw-dislocation growth, consisting of weakly bonded molybdenene sheets, which, upon exfoliation, show metallic character, with an electrical conductivity of ~940 S m-1. Molybdenene when hybridized with two-dimensional h-BN or MoS2, fetch tunable optical and electronic properties. As a proof of principle, we also demonstrate applications of molybdenene as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy platform for molecular sensing, as a substrate for electron imaging and as a scanning probe microscope cantilever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumesh Kumar Sahu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India
- Department of Physics, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, India
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sumit Chahal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rajkumar Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association of Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Sumana Paul
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association of Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association of Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Amir H Tavabi
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association of Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ilia Valov
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Alpana Nayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India.
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
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Kumar P, Singh G, Guan X, Lee J, Bahadur R, Ramadass K, Kumar P, Kibria MG, Vidyasagar D, Yi J, Vinu A. Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7602-7664. [PMID: 37830178 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00213f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis is at the heart of modern-day chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and there is an urgent demand to develop metal-free, high surface area, and efficient catalysts in a scalable, reproducible and economic manner. Amongst the ever-expanding two-dimensional materials family, carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as the most researched material for catalytic applications due to its unique molecular structure with tunable visible range band gap, surface defects, basic sites, and nitrogen functionalities. These properties also endow it with anchoring capability with a large number of catalytically active sites and provide opportunities for doping, hybridization, sensitization, etc. To make considerable progress in the use of CN as a highly effective catalyst for various applications, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding of its synthesis, structure and surface sites. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in synthetic approaches of CN, its physicochemical properties, and band gap engineering, with a focus on its exclusive usage in a variety of catalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reactions, overall water splitting, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction reactions, pollutant degradation, and organocatalysis. While the structural design and band gap engineering of catalysts are elaborated, the surface chemistry is dealt with in detail to demonstrate efficient catalytic performances. Burning challenges in catalytic design and future outlook are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rohan Bahadur
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia.
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Shah MM, Ahmad K, Boota S, Jensen T, La Frano MR, Irudayaraj J. Sensor technologies for the detection and monitoring of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1141523. [PMID: 37051269 PMCID: PMC10083357 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1141523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of man-made substances with potential to disrupt the standard function of the endocrine system. These EDCs include phthalates, perchlorates, phenols, some heavy metals, furans, dimethoate, aromatic hydrocarbons, some pesticides, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). EDCs are widespread in the environment given their frequent use in daily life. Their production, usage, and consumption have increased many-fold in recent years. Their ability to interact and mimic normal endocrine functions makes them a potential threat to human health, aquatics, and wild life. Detection of these toxins has predominantly been done by mass spectroscopy and/or chromatography-based methods and to a lesser extent by advanced sensing approaches such as electrochemical and/or colorimetric methods. Instrument-based analytical techniques are often not amenable for onsite detection due to the lab-based nature of these detecting systems. Alternatively, analytical approaches based on sensor/biosensor techniques are more attractive because they are rapid, portable, equally sensitive, and eco-friendly. Advanced sensing systems have been adopted to detect a range of EDCs in the environment and food production systems. This review will focus on advances and developments in portable sensing techniques for EDCs, encompassing electrochemical, colorimetric, optical, aptamer-based, and microbial sensing approaches. We have also delineated the advantages and limitations of some of these sensing techniques and discussed future developments in sensor technology for the environmental sensing of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musaddiq Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- College of Food Sciences and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Sonia Boota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Tor Jensen
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joseph Irudayaraj,
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Liu J, Lu N, Guan J, Hu Y. Laser Shock-Induced Nano-Twist of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37213-37221. [PMID: 35925793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strain, such as stretching, compression, bending, and rotation, significantly alters the photonic and electronic properties of 2D materials. The laser shock process, which allows 2D materials to deform at an ultrahigh strain rate, is a promising technology for alleviating the low strain transfer efficiency caused by the low interfacial bonding strength of the layered 2D materials. However, the mechanical strain introduced by shock waves is currently limited to uniaxial compression or bending deformation, and the monotonic strain patterns constrain the strain diversity and performance expansion space of 2D materials. This work proposed a novel strategy for nano-twist manufacturing using laser shock processing, based on partial interfacial decoupling behavior. Apart from the conventional uniaxial strain, we demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that the manufacturing of nano-twist allows the introduction of interlayer tensile and rotational strains in TMDCs. The microstructure and properties of the strained 2D materials were investigated. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation response of WSe2 during the shock process was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The correlation between the laser shock-induced dynamic loading process, interfacial behavior, and deformation behavior of 2D materials was comprehensively explored. The primary contribution of this study lies in the introduction of diversified strain modes through nano-twist manufacturing by the laser shock process, which is expected to provide a convenient nano-twist fabrication process for the strain engineering and twistronics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jie Guan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yaowu Hu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
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6
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Chahal S, Bandyopadhyay A, Dash SP, Kumar P. Microwave Synthesized 2D Gold and Its 2D-2D Hybrids. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6487-6495. [PMID: 35819242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xenes, i.e., monoelemental two-dimensional atomic sheets, are promising for sensitive and ultrafast sensor applications owing to exceptional carrier mobility; however, most of them oxidize below 500 °C and therefore cannot be employed for high-temperature applications. 2D gold, an oxidation-resistant plasmonic Xene, is extremely promising. 2D gold was experimentally realized by both atomic layer deposition and chemical synthesis using sodium citrate. However, it is imperative to develop a new facile single-step method to synthesize 2D gold. Here, liquid-phase synthesis of 2D gold is demonstrated by microwave exposure to auric chloride dispersed in dimethylformamide. Microscopies (AFM and high-resolution TEM), spectroscopies (Raman, UV-vis, and X-ray photoelectron), and X-ray diffraction establish the formation of a hexagonal crystallographic phase for 2D gold. 2D-2D hybrids of 2D gold have also been synthesized and investigated for electronic/optoelectronic behaviors and SERS-based molecular sensing. DFT band structure calculation for 2D gold and its hybrids corroborates the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Chahal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna-801106, India
| | - Arkamita Bandyopadhyay
- The Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, TAB Building, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Saroj P Dash
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta Campus, Patna-801106, India
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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Ranjan P, Thomas V, Kumar P. 2D materials as a diagnostic platform for the detection and sensing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus: a bird's-eye view. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4608-4619. [PMID: 34013310 PMCID: PMC8559401 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide infections and fatalities caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants responsible for COVID-19 have significantly impeded the economic growth of many nations. People in many nations have lost their livelihoods, it has severely impacted international relations and, most importantly, health infrastructures across the world have been tormented. This pandemic has already left footprints on human psychology, traits, and priorities and is certainly going to lead towards a new world order in the future. As always, science and technology have come to the rescue of the human race. The prevention of infection by instant and repeated cleaning of surfaces that are most likely to be touched in daily life and sanitization drives using medically prescribed sanitizers and UV irradiation of textiles are the first steps to breaking the chain of transmission. However, the real challenge is to develop and uplift medical infrastructure, such as diagnostic tools capable of prompt diagnosis and instant and economic medical treatment that is available to the masses. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, are atomic sheets that have been in the news for quite some time due to their unprecedented electronic mobilities, high thermal conductivity, appreciable thermal stability, excellent anchoring capabilities, optical transparency, mechanical flexibility, and a unique capability to integrate with arbitrary surfaces. These attributes of 2D materials make them lucrative for use as an active material platform for authentic and prompt (within minutes) disease diagnosis via electrical or optical diagnostic tools or via electrochemical diagnosis. We present the opportunities provided by 2D materials as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Physics, UAE University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India.
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Ranjan P, Lee JM, Kumar P, Vinu A. Borophene: New Sensation in Flatland. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000531. [PMID: 32666554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Borophene, a 2D allotrope of boron and the lightest elemental Dirac material, is the latest very promising 2D material owing to its unique structural and electronic characteristics of the X3 and β12 phases. The high atomic density on ridgelines of the β12 phase of borophene provides a substantial orbital overlap, which leads to an excellent electron density in the conduction level and thus to a highly metallic behavior. These unique structural characteristics and electronic properties of borophene attract significant scientific interest. Herein, approaches for crystal growth/synthesis of these unique nanostructures and their potential technological applications are discussed. Various substrate-supported ultrahigh-vacuum growth techniques for borophene, such as molecular beam epitaxy, atomic layer deposition, and chemical vapor deposition, along with their challenges, are also summarized. The sonochemical exfoliation and modified Hummer's technique for the synthesis of free-standing borophene are also discussed. Solution-phase exfoliation seems to address the scalability issues and expands the applications of these unique materials to various fields, including renewable energy devices and ultrafast sensors. Furthermore, the electronic, optical, thermal, and elastic properties of borophene are thoroughly discussed and are compared with those of graphene and its "cousins." Numerous frontline applications are envisaged and an outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Ranjan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, 801103, India
- Department of Physics, UAE University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jang Mee Lee
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, 801103, India
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Tendong E, Dasgupta TS, Chakrabarti J. Dynamics of water trapped in transition metal oxide-graphene nano-confinement. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:325101. [PMID: 32191936 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by practical implementation of transition-metal oxide-graphene heterostructures, we use all atom molecular dynamics simulations to study dynamics of water in a nano slit bounded by a transition metal oxide surface, namely, TiO2termination of SrTiO3, and graphene. The resultant asymmetric, strong confinement produces square ice-like crystallites of water pinned at TiO2surface and drives enhanced hydrophobicity of graphene via the proximity effect to the hydrophilic TiO2surface. This importantly brings in dynamic heterogeneity, both in translational and rotational degrees of freedom, due to coupling between the slow relaxing, strongly adsorbed water layer at the hydrophilic oxide surface, and faster relaxation of subsequent water layers. The heterogeneity is signalled in the ruggedness of the effective free energy landscapes. We discuss possible implications of our findings in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tendong
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences & Department of Chemical Biological and Macromoleculer Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700106, India
| | - T Saha Dasgupta
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences & Department of Chemical Biological and Macromoleculer Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700106, India
| | - J Chakrabarti
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences,Thematic Unit of Excellence for Material Science & Technology Research Centre, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700106, India
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Zhang J, Zhou L, Du Q, Shen Z, Hu J, Zhang Y. Assembly of peptides in mica-graphene nanocapillaries controlled by confined water. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8210-8218. [PMID: 30973561 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01092k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water in nanoscale-confined geometries has unique physicochemical properties in contrast to bulk water, and is believed to play important roles in biological processes although there is less direct information available in the literature. Here, we report the self-assembly behaviors of a neurodegenerative disease related peptide termed GAV-9 encapsulated in mica-graphene nanocapillaries interacting with water nanofilms condensed under ambient conditions, based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results revealed that, upon increase in the humidity, the GAV-9 peptide monomers adsorbed the confined water molecules and transitioned to unexpected hydrogel-like structures. Our MD simulations also suggested that in the confined mica-graphene nanocapillaries, the GAV-9 peptide monomers would indeed form water-rich hydrogel structures instead of highly ordered nanofilaments. The interfacial water confined in the mica-graphene nanocapillary is found to be crucial for such a transition. Moreover, the distribution of confined water layers largely depended on the locations of the preformed peptide nanofilaments, and the peptide nanofilaments further assembled into nanosheets with the water layer increasing, but depolymerized to amorphous peptide assemblies with the water layer decreasing. The polymerization and depolymerization of the peptide nanofilaments could be controlled in a reversible manner. Our results have supplied a simplified model system to uncover the effects of the confined interfacial water on the biological process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Kim NY, Leem YC, Hong SH, Park JH, Yim SY. Ultrasensitive and Stable Plasmonic Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Covered with Atomically Thin Monolayers: Effect of the Insulating Property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6363-6373. [PMID: 30663309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the effects of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on the stability and detection performance of two types of substrates in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS): a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer/Ag nanoparticle (NP) substrate and a Au NP/2D monolayer/Ag NP substrate. Graphene and h-BN, which have different electrical and chemical properties, were introduced in close contact with the metal NPs and had distinctly different effects on the plasmonic near-field interactions between metal NPs in the subnanometer-scale gap and on the electron transport behavior. A quantitative comparison was possible due to reproducible SERS signals across the entire substrates prepared by simple and inexpensive fabrication methods. The hybrid platform, an insulating h-BN monolayer covering the Ag NP substrate, ensured the long-term oxidative stability for over 80 days, which was superior to the stability achieved using conducting graphene. Additionally, a sandwich structure using an h-BN monolayer exhibited excellent SERS sensitivity with a detection limit for rhodamine 6G as low as 10-12 M; to the best of our knowledge, this is the best SERS detection limit achieved using monolayer h-BN as a gap-control material. In this study, we suggest an efficient strategy for hybridizing the desired 2D layers with metal nanostructures for SERS applications, where the substrate stability and electromagnetic field enhancement are particularly crucial for the various applications that utilize metal/2D hybrid structures.
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Kumar P, Liu J, Motlag M, Tong L, Hu Y, Huang X, Bandopadhyay A, Pati SK, Ye L, Irudayaraj J, Cheng GJ. Laser Shock Tuning Dynamic Interlayer Coupling in Graphene-Boron Nitride Moiré Superlattices. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:283-291. [PMID: 30525695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the emergence of graphene and many two-dimensional (2D) materials, the most exciting applications come from stacking them into 3D devices, promising many excellent possibilities for neoteric electronics and optoelectronics. Layers of semiconductors, insulators, and conductors can be stacked to form van der Waals heterostructures, after the weak bonds formed between the layers. However, the interlayer coupling in these heterostructures is usually hard to modulate, resulting in difficulty to realize their emerging optical or electronic properties. Especially, the relationship between interlayer distance and interlayer coupling remains to be investigated, due to the lack of effective technology. In this work, we have used laser shocking to controllably tune the interlayer distance between graphene (Gr) and boron nitride (BN) in the Gr/BN/Gr heterostructures and the strains in the 2D heterolayers, providing a simple and effective way to modify their optic and electronic properties. After lase shocking, the reduction of interlayer distance is calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Some atoms in Gr or BN are out-of-plane as well. In Raman measurements, the G peak in the heterostructure shows a red-shifted trend after laser shocking, indicating the strong phonon coupling in the interlayer. Moreover, the larger transparency after laser shocking also verifies the stronger photon coupling in the heterostructure. To investigate the effects of the interlayer coupling of heterostructure on its out-of-plane electronic behavior, we have investigated the electronic tunneling behavior. The heterostructure after laser shock reveals a lager tunneling current and lower tunneling threshold, proving an unexpected better electrical property. From DFT calculations, laser shocking can modulate the band gap structure of graphene in Gr/BN/Gr heterostructures; therefore, the heterostructures can be implemented as a unique photonic platform to modulate the emission characters of the anchored CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots. Remarkably, the effective laser shocking method is also applicable to various otherwise noninteracting 2D materials, resulting in many new phenomena, which will lead science and technology to unexplored territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology Patna , Bihta Campus, Bihta , Bihar 801106 , India
| | - Jing Liu
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | | | - Lei Tong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yaowu Hu
- University at Buffalo-SUNY , 3435 Main Street , Buffalo , New York 14214 , United States
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Arkamita Bandopadhyay
- Theoretical Sciences Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
- University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037 , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1304 West Springfield Ave, Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Lai H, Xu F, Zhang Y, Wang L. Recent progress on graphene-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4008-4028. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00902c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based SERS substrates are classified and introduced, and their applications in biosensing-related fields are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Lai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Fugang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
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Wang Q, Tu Y, Ichii T, Utsunomiya T, Sugimura H, Hao L, Wang R, He X. Decoration of reduced graphene oxide by gold nanoparticles: an enhanced negative photoconductivity. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14703-14709. [PMID: 28944816 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodetection in a visible light region is important in various applications, including computation, environmental monitoring, biological detection and industrial control. Due to this, research studies to develop photoconductive devices have great significance. We report a study on the photoconductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/gold nanoparticle (AuNP) nanocomposites, emphasizing the enhancement effect induced by AuNPs. rGO/AuNP photoelectric devices were prepared by spincoating rGO onto an AuNP-array-covered silicon substrate. Photoelectric responses under visible light illumination were measured and the results showed that the negative photoelectric responsivity of rGO was improved by 3 orders of magnitude due to AuNPs. The effects of AuNPs on negative photoconductivity (NPC) properties of rGO were investigated, and it was found that AuNPs affected NPC in three aspects: (1) AuNPs form discrete electrodes separated by nanoscale gaps which generated new conduction paths, and hence the conductivity of rGO was enhanced by 3 orders of magnitude; (2) localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNPs effectively enhances total light absorption of rGO; (3) photocurrent between AuNPs and rGO can weaken the NPC property of rGO. The low-cost and mass-producible rGO/AuNP nanocomposites demonstrate high photoelectric responsivity, which hold much promise for NPC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Ouyang L, Hu Y, Zhu L, Cheng GJ, Irudayaraj J. A reusable laser wrapped graphene-Ag array based SERS sensor for trace detection of genomic DNA methylation. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:755-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hu Y, Li J, Tian J, Xuan Y, Deng B, McNear KL, Lim DG, Chen Y, Yang C, Cheng GJ. Parallel Nanoshaping of Brittle Semiconductor Nanowires for Strained Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7536-7544. [PMID: 27960457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (SCNWs) provide a unique tunability of electro-optical property than their bulk counterparts (e.g., polycrystalline thin films) due to size effects. Nanoscale straining of SCNWs is desirable to enable new ways to tune the properties of SCNWs, such as electronic transport, band structure, and quantum properties. However, there are two bottlenecks to prevent the real applications of straining engineering of SCNWs: strainability and scalability. Unlike metallic nanowires which are highly flexible and mechanically robust for parallel shaping, SCNWs are brittle in nature and could easily break at strains slightly higher than their elastic limits. In addition, the ability to generate nanoshaping in large scale is limited with the current technologies, such as the straining of nanowires with sophisticated manipulators, nanocombing NWs with U-shaped trenches, or buckling NWs with prestretched elastic substrates, which are incompatible with semiconductor technology. Here we present a top-down fabrication methodology to achieve large scale nanoshaping of SCNWs in parallel with tunable elastic strains. This method utilizes nanosecond pulsed laser to generate shock pressure and conformably deform the SCNWs onto 3D-nanostructured silicon substrates in a scalable and ultrafast manner. A polymer dielectric nanolayer is integrated in the process for cushioning the high strain-rate deformation, suppressing the generation of dislocations or cracks, and providing self-preserving mechanism for elastic strain storage in SCNWs. The elastic strain limits have been studied as functions of laser intensity, dimensions of nanowires, and the geometry of nanomolds. As a result of 3D straining, the inhomogeneous elastic strains in GeNWs result in notable Raman peak shifts and broadening, which bring more tunability of the electrical-optical property in SCNWs than traditional strain engineering. We have achieved the first 3D nanostraining enhanced germanium field-effect transistors from GeNWs. Due to laser shock induced straining effect, a more than 2-fold hole mobility enhancement and a 120% transconductance enhancement are obtained from the fabricated back-gated field effect transistors. The presented nanoshaping of SCNWs provide new ways to manipulate nanomaterials with tunable electrical-optical properties and open up many opportunities for nanoelectronics, the nanoelectrical-mechanical system, and quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Hu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ji Li
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jifa Tian
- Department of Physics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yi Xuan
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Biwei Deng
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kelly L McNear
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daw Gen Lim
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Physics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Physics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Gary J Cheng
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Hu Y, Kumar P, Xu R, Zhao K, Cheng GJ. Ultrafast direct fabrication of flexible substrate-supported designer plasmonic nanoarrays. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:172-82. [PMID: 26628390 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures has been an important topic for their potential applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices. Among plasmonic materials, gold is one of the most promising materials due to its low ohmic loss at optical frequencies and high oxidation resistance. However, there are two major bottlenecks for its industrial applications: (1) the need for large-scale fabrication technology for high-precision plasmonic nanostructures; and (2) the need to integrate the plasmonic nanostructures on various substrates. While conventional top-down approaches involve high cost and give low throughput, bottom-up approaches suffer from irreproducibility and low precision. Herein, we report laser shock induced direct imprinting of large-area plasmonic nanostructures from physical vapor deposited (PVD) gold thin film on a flexible commercial free-standing aluminum foil. Among the important characteristics of the laser-shock direct imprinting is their unique capabilities to reproducibly deliver designer plasmonic nanostructures with extreme precision and in an ultrafast manner. Excellent size tunability (from several μm down to 15 nm) has been achieved by varying mold dimensions and laser parameters. The physical mechanism of the hybrid film imprinting is elaborated by finite element modeling. A mechanical robustness test of the hybrid film validates a significantly improved interfacial contact between gold arrays and the underlying substrate. The strong optical field enhancement was realized in the large-area fabricated engineered gold nanostructures. Low concentration molecular sensing was investigated employing the fabricated structures as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The ability to ultrafast direct imprint plasmonic nanoarrays on a flexible substrate at multiscale is a critical step towards roll-to-roll manufacturing of multi-functional devices which is poised to inspire several emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Hu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907
| | - Prashant Kumar
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907
| | - Rong Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907
| | - Gary J Cheng
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA-47907
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