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Guo Z, Yu G, Zhang Z, Han Y, Guan G, Yang W, Han MY. Intrinsic Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of Gold Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206700. [PMID: 36620937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The collective oscillation of free electrons at the nanoscale surface of gold nanostructures is closely modulated by tuning the size, shape/morphology, phase, composition, hybridization, assembly, and nanopatterning, along with the surroundings of the plasmonic surface located at a dielectric interface with air, liquid, and solid. This review first introduces the physical origin of the intrinsic optical properties of gold nanostructures and further summarizes stimuli-responsive changes in optical properties, metal-field-enhanced optical signals, luminescence spectral shaping, chiroptical response, and photogenerated hot carriers. The current success in the landscape of nanoscience and nanotechnology mainly originates from the abundant optical properties of gold nanostructures in the thermodynamically stable face-centered cubic (fcc) phase. It has been further extended by crystal phase engineering to prepare thermodynamically unfavorable phases (e.g., kinetically stable) and heterophases to modulate their intriguing phase-dependent optical properties. A broad range of promising applications, including but not limited to full-color displays, solar energy harvesting, photochemical reactions, optical sensing, and microscopic/biomedical imaging, have fostered parallel research on the multitude of physical effects occurring in gold nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yandong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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2
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Hu S, Wang J, Zhang YJ, Wen BY, Wu SS, Radjenovic PM, Yang Z, Ren B, Li JF. Quantitatively Revealing the Anomalous Enhancement in Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Using Single-Nanoparticle Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21388-21396. [PMID: 36468912 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ultrasensitive spectroscopic technique that has been extensively applied in the studies of catalysis, electrochemistry, material science, etc.; however, it is substrate and material limited. The development of shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) effectively offsets this limitation that attracts enormous attention due to its potential to be applied to any surface. As the core of the SHINERS technique, the inert shell prevents the exposure of the active metal surface, however, also significantly enlarges the metallic gap where the light is trapped. Consequently, the shell is widely considered a side issue to debilitate the coupling efficiency and hinder the sensitivity of SHINERS without systematic studies. Herein, we investigate the shell and structural effect of SHINERS by performing the quantitative optical and structural characterization of single nanostructures. By a statistic of over two hundred nanostructures, we observe that the field enhancement loss due to the shell could be overcome by optimizing the coupling geometry of the shell-isolated nanoparticles (SHINs). An example of SHIN dimers shows even higher field enhancement than their bare Au nanoparticle counterparts as confirmed and explained by FDTD simulations. We demonstrate the signal enhancement of SHINERS saturates with the increasing number of hot spots but could be further optimized by altering the aggregation geometries of the nanoparticles. The sensitivity improvement of the SHINERS technique will boost its broader applications in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bao-Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si-Si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Zhou HL, Zhang XY, Xue XM, Yang Y, Wang SJ, Su D, Yang ZR, Wang YF, Song Y, Wu J, Wu W, Zhang T. Nanoscale Valley Modulation by Surface Plasmon Interference. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6923-6929. [PMID: 36006735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted the attention of the community to develop improved photoelectronic devices. Previous reports are based on direct excitation where the out-of-plane illumination projects a uniform single-mode light spot. However, because of the optical diffraction limit, the minimal spot size is a few micrometers, inhibiting the precise manipulation and control of excitons at the nanoscale level. Herein, we introduced the in-plane coherent surface plasmonic interference (SPI) field to excite and modulate excitons remotely. Compared to the out-of-plane light, a uniform in-plane SPI suggests a more compact spatial volume and an abundance of mode selections for a single or an array of device modulation. Our results not only build up a fundamental platform for operating and encoding the exciton states at the nanoscale level but also provide a new avenue toward all-optical integrated valleytronic chips for future quantum computation and information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Li Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Shan-Jiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Dan Su
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zong-Ru Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yun-Fan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yuanjun Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Southeast University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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4
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Carvalho DF, Martins MA, Fernandes PA, Correia MRP. Coupling of plasmonic nanoparticles on a semiconductor substrate via a modified discrete dipole approximation method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19705-19715. [PMID: 35811566 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the plasmonic coupling between a set of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in a 2D array, and how a substrate affects such coupling, is fundamental for the development of optimized optoelectronic structures. Here, a simple semi-analytical procedure based on discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is reported to simulate the far-field and near-field properties of arrays of NPs, considering the coupling between particles, and the effect of the presence of a semiconductor substrate based on the image dipole approach. The method is validated for Ag NP dimers and single Ag NPs on a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, a semiconductor widely used in optical devices, by comparison with the results obtained by the finite element method (FEM), indicating a good agreement in the weak coupling regime. Next, the method is applied to square and random arrays of Ag NPs on a GaN substrate. The increase in the surface density of NPs on a GaN substrate mainly results in a redshift of the dipolar resonance frequency and an increase in the near-field enhancement. This model, based on a single dipole approach, grants very low computational times, representing an advantage to predict the optical properties of large NP arrays on a semiconductor substrate for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo F Carvalho
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Martins
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo A Fernandes
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. .,INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.,CIETI, Department of Physics, ISEP - Porto School of Engineering, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - M Rosário P Correia
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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5
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Lo TW, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Leung CW, Zayats AV, Lei D. Plasmonic Nanocavity Induced Coupling and Boost of Dark Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2 at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1915-1921. [PMID: 35225629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spin-forbidden excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are optically inactive at room temperature. Probing and manipulating these dark excitons are essential for understanding exciton spin relaxation and valley coherence of these 2D materials. Here, we show that the coupling of dark excitons to a metal nanoparticle-on-mirror cavity leads to plasmon-induced resonant emission with the intensity comparable to that of the spin-allowed bright excitons. A three-state quantum model combined with full-wave electrodynamic calculations reveals that the radiative decay rate of the dark excitons can be enhanced by nearly 6 orders of magnitude through the Purcell effect, therefore compensating its intrinsic nature of weak radiation. Our nanocavity approach provides a useful paradigm for understanding the room-temperature dynamics of dark excitons, potentially paving the road for employing dark exciton in quantum computing and nanoscale optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wing Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Zhedong Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
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Liu L, Krasavin AV, Zheng J, Tong Y, Wang P, Wu X, Hecht B, Pan C, Li J, Li L, Guo X, Zayats AV, Tong L. Atomically Smooth Single-Crystalline Platform for Low-Loss Plasmonic Nanocavities. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1786-1794. [PMID: 35129980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-on-mirror plasmonic nanocavities, capable of extreme optical confinement and enhancement, have triggered state-of-the-art progress in nanophotonics and development of applications in enhanced spectroscopies. However, the optical quality factor and thus performance of these nanoconstructs are undermined by the granular polycrystalline metal films (especially when they are optically thin) used as a mirror. Here, we report an atomically smooth single-crystalline platform for low-loss nanocavities using chemically synthesized gold microflakes as a mirror. Nanocavities constructed using gold nanorods on such microflakes exhibit a rich structure of plasmonic modes, which are highly sensitive to the thickness of optically thin (down to ∼15 nm) microflakes. The microflakes endow nanocavities with significantly improved quality factor (∼2 times) and scattering intensity (∼3 times) compared with their counterparts based on deposited films. The developed low-loss nanocavities further allow for the integration with a mature platform of fiber optics, opening opportunities for realizing nanocavity-based miniaturized photonic devices for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Junsheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanbiao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chenxinyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Zhu J, Yang Y, Yin Y, Yuan H. Optimization Based on the Surface Plasmon Optical Properties of Adjustable Metal Nano-Microcavity System for Biosensing. Front Chem 2021; 9:762638. [PMID: 34722464 PMCID: PMC8554147 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.762638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper mainly studies the plasma optical properties of the silver nanorod and gold film system with gap structure. During the experiment, the finite element analysis method and COMSOL Multiphysics are used for modeling and simulation. The study changes the thickness of the PE spacer layer between the silver nanorod and the gold film, the conditions of the incident light and the surrounding environment medium. Due to the anisotropic characteristics of silver nanorod, the microcavity system is extremely sensitive to the changes of internal and external conditions, and the system exhibits strong performance along the long axis of the nanorod. By analyzing the extinction spectrum of the nanoparticle and the electric field section diagrams at resonance peak, it is found that the plasma optical properties of the system greatly depend on the gap distance, and the surrounding electric field of the silver nanorod is confined in the gap. Both ends of the nanorod and the gap are distributed with high concentrations of hot spots, which reflects the strong hybridization of multiple resonance modes. Under certain excitation conditions, the plasma hybridization behavior will produce a multi-pole mode, and the surface electric field distribution of the nanorod reflects the spatial directionality. In addition, the system is also highly sensitive to the environmental media, which will cause significant changes in its optical properties. The plasma microcavity system with silver nanorod and gold film studied in this paper can be used to develop high-sensitivity biosensors, which has great value in the field of biomedical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- School of Electronic Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Yiye Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanping Yin
- School of Electronic Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Huining Yuan
- School of Electronic Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhengjiang, China
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8
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Wu R, Jin Q, Storey C, Collins J, Gomard G, Lemmer U, Canham L, Kling R, Kaplan A. Gold nanoplasmonic particles in tunable porous silicon 3D scaffolds for ultra-low concentration detection by SERS. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:781-790. [PMID: 34355229 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A composite material of plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in a scaffold of nano-porous silicon offers unmatched capabilities for use as a SERS substrate. The marriage of these components presents an exclusive combination of tightly focused amplification of Localised Surface Plasmon (LSP) fields inside the material with an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. This provides favourable conditions for a single molecule or extremely low concentration detection by SERS. In this work the advantage of the composite is demonstrated by SERS detection of Methylene Blue at a concentration as low as a few picomolars. We systematically investigate the plasmonic properties of the material by imaging its morphology, establishing its composition and the effect on the LSP resonance optical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catherine Storey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jack Collins
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Guillaume Gomard
- Carl Zeiss AG, ZEISS Innovation Hub@KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Leigh Canham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Rainer Kling
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrey Kaplan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Li GC, Lei D, Qiu M, Jin W, Lan S, Zayats AV. Light-induced symmetry breaking for enhancing second-harmonic generation from an ultrathin plasmonic nanocavity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4326. [PMID: 34267205 PMCID: PMC8282679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient frequency up-conversion of coherent light at the nanoscale is highly demanded for a variety of modern photonic applications, but it remains challenging in nanophotonics. Surface second-order nonlinearity of noble metals can be significantly boosted up by plasmon-induced field enhancement, however the related far-field second-harmonic generation (SHG) may also be quenched in highly symmetric plasmonic nanostructures despite huge near-field amplification. Here, we demonstrate that the SHG from a single gold nanosphere is significantly enhanced when tightly coupled to a metal film, even in the absence of a plasmon resonance at the SH frequency. The light-induced electromagnetic asymmetry in the nanogap junction efficiently suppresses the cancelling of locally generated SHG fields and the SH emission is further amplified through preferential coupling to the bright, bonding dipolar resonance mode of the nanocavity. The far-field SHG conversion efficiency of up to [Formula: see text] W-1 is demonstrated from a single gold nanosphere of 100 nm diameter, two orders of magnitude higher than for complex double-resonant plasmonic nanostructures. Such highly efficient SHG from a metal nanocavity also constitutes an ultrasensitive nonlinear nanoprobe to map the distribution of longitudinal vectorial light fields in nanophotonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Can Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London, UK.
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10
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Lee JB, Walker H, Li Y, Nam TW, Rakovich A, Sapienza R, Jung YS, Nam YS, Maier SA, Cortés E. Template Dissolution Interfacial Patterning of Single Colloids for Nanoelectrochemistry and Nanosensing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17693-17703. [PMID: 33270433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic positioning and assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) onto substrates is a core requirement and a promising alternative to top-down lithography to create functional nanostructures and nanodevices with intriguing optical, electrical, and catalytic features. Capillary-assisted particle assembly (CAPA) has emerged as an attractive technique to this end, as it allows controlled and selective assembly of a wide variety of NPs onto predefined topographical templates using capillary forces. One critical issue with CAPA, however, lies in its final printing step, where high printing yields are possible only with the use of an adhesive polymer film. To address this problem, we have developed a template dissolution interfacial patterning (TDIP) technique to assemble and print single colloidal AuNP arrays onto various dielectric and conductive substrates in the absence of any adhesion layer, with printing yields higher than 98%. The TDIP approach grants direct access to the interface between the AuNP and the target surface, enabling the use of colloidal AuNPs as building blocks for practical applications. The versatile applicability of TDIP is demonstrated by the creation of direct electrical junctions for electro- and photoelectrochemistry and nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries for single-particle molecular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Bum Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Harriet Walker
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- School of Microelectronics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Communications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Riccardo Sapienza
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany
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11
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Characterisation and Manipulation of Polarisation Response in Plasmonic and Magneto-Plasmonic Nanostructures and Metamaterials. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical properties of metal nanostructures, governed by the so-called localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, have invoked intensive investigations in recent times owing to their fundamental nature and potential applications. LSPR scattering from metal nanostructures is expected to show the symmetry of the oscillation mode and the particle shape. Therefore, information on the polarisation properties of the LSPR scattering is crucial for identifying different oscillation modes within one particle and to distinguish differently shaped particles within one sample. On the contrary, the polarisation state of light itself can be arbitrarily manipulated by the inverse designed sample, known as metamaterials. Apart from polarisation state, external stimulus, e.g., magnetic field also controls the LSPR scattering from plasmonic nanostructures, giving rise to a new field of magneto-plasmonics. In this review, we pay special attention to polarisation and its effect in three contrasting aspects. First, tailoring between LSPR scattering and symmetry of plasmonic nanostructures, secondly, manipulating polarisation state through metamaterials and lastly, polarisation modulation in magneto-plasmonics. Finally, we will review recent progress in applications of plasmonic and magneto-plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials in various fields.
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12
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Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures can focus light far below the diffraction limit, and the nearly thousandfold field enhancements obtained routinely enable few- and single-molecule detection. However, for processes happening on the molecular scale to be tracked with any relevant time resolution, the emission strengths need to be well beyond what current plasmonic devices provide. Here, we develop hybrid nanostructures incorporating both refractive and plasmonic optics, by creating SiO2 nanospheres fused to plasmonic nanojunctions. Drastic improvements in Raman efficiencies are consistently achieved, with (single-wavelength) emissions reaching 107 counts⋅mW-1⋅s-1 and 5 × 105 counts∙mW-1∙s-1∙molecule-1, for enhancement factors >1011 We demonstrate that such high efficiencies indeed enable tracking of single gold atoms and molecules with 17-µs time resolution, more than a thousandfold improvement over conventional high-performance plasmonic devices. Moreover, the obtained (integrated) megahertz count rates rival (even exceed) those of luminescent sources such as single-dye molecules and quantum dots, without bleaching or blinking.
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13
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Deng F, Liu H, Peng Y, Panmai M, Lan S. Optical Scattering of Liquid Gallium Nanoparticles Coupled to Thin Metal Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1052. [PMID: 32486133 PMCID: PMC7352641 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally and numerically the scattering properties of liquid gallium nanoparticles coupled to a thin gold or silver film. The gallium nanoparticles are excited either directly by using inclined white light or indirectly by surface plasmon polaritons generated on the surface of the gold/silver film. In the former case, the scattering spectrum is always dominated by a scattering peak at ∼540 nm with a long-wavelength shoulder which is redshifted with increasing diameter of the gallium nanoparticle. Under the excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons, optical resonances with much narrower linewidths, which are dependent on the incidence angle of the white light, appear in the scattering spectra. In this case, the scattering spectrum depends weakly on the diameter of the gallium nanoparticle but the radiation pattern exhibits a strong dependence. In addition, a significant enhancement of electric field is expected in the gap region between the gallium nanoparticles and the gold film based on numerical simulation. As compared with the gallium nanoparticle coupled to the gold film which exhibit mainly yellow and orange colors, vivid scattering light spanning the visible light spectrum can be achieved in the gallium nanoparticles coupled to the silver film by simply varying the incidence angle. Gallium nanoparticles coupled to thin metal films may find potential applications in light-matter interaction and color display.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.D.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (M.P.)
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14
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Yin X, Shi P, Yang A, Du L, Yuan X. Surface plasmon coupled nano-probe for near field scanning optical microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14831-14838. [PMID: 32403517 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a powerful tool for study of the nanoscale information of objects by measuring their near-field electric field distributions. The near-field probe, which determines NSOM system performance, can be either a scattering-type or an aperture-type. Both types have strengths and weaknesses. Here we propose and study a surface plasmon-coupled type nano-probe, which works as a hybrid scheme and could potentially combine the advantages of the two NSOM probe types. The key element of the proposed probe is a nanoparticle-on-film structure designed on a tapered fiber tip. On the one hand, the probe can yield the signals scattered in the near field by a nanoparticle with a scattering mechanism; on the other hand, the scattered signals can be transmitted by the metal film and coupled into the fiber via surface plasmon coupled emission, thus providing a collection mode similar to an aperture-type NSOM. This will lead to signal enhancement, while greatly suppressing background noise. This surface plasmon-coupled nano-probe thus has great potential for near-field optical microscopy applications.
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15
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Pang JS, Theodorou IG, Centeno A, Petrov PK, Alford NM, Ryan MP, Xie F. Tunable Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Arrays for Large Near-Infrared Fluorescence Enhancement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23083-23092. [PMID: 31252484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), resulting from the near-field interaction of fluorophores with metallic nanostructures, has emerged as a powerful tool for dramatically improving the performance of fluorescence-based biomedical applications. Allowing for lower autofluorescence and minimal photoinduced damage, the development of multifunctional and multiplexed MEF platforms in the near-infrared (NIR) windows is particularly desirable. Here, a low-cost fabrication method based on nanosphere lithography is applied to produce tunable three-dimensional (3D) gold (Au) nanohole-disc arrays (Au-NHDAs). The arrays consist of nanoscale glass pillars atop nanoholes in a Au thin film: the top surfaces of the pillars are Au-covered (effectively nanodiscs), and small Au nanoparticles (nanodots) are located on the sidewalls of the pillars. This 3D hole-disc (and possibly nanodot) construct is critical to the properties of the device. The versatility of our approach is illustrated through the production of uniform and highly reproducible Au-NHDAs with controlled structural properties and tunable optical features in the NIR windows. Au-NHDAs allow for a very large NIR fluorescence enhancement (more than 400 times), which is attributed to the 3D plasmonic structure of the arrays that allows strong surface plasmon polariton and localized surface plasmon resonance coupling through glass nanogaps. By considering arrays with the same resonance peak and the same nanodisc separation distance, we show that the enhancement factor varies with nanodisc diameter. Using computational electromagnetic modeling, the electric field enhancement at 790 nm was calculated to provide insights into excitation enhancement, which occurs due to an increase in the intensity of the electric field. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate that the total fluorescence enhancement may depend on controlling excitation enhancement and therefore the array morphology. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanism of MEF from 3D plasmonic arrays and establish a low-cost versatile approach that could pave the way for novel NIR-MEF bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing S Pang
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
| | - Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , University of Cyprus , 40 Macedonias Avenue , Latsia 2238 , Cyprus
| | - Anthony Centeno
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University , 111 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Peter K Petrov
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
| | - Neil M Alford
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , London , U.K
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16
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Modifying Plasmonic-Field Enhancement and Resonance Characteristics of Spherical Nanoparticles on Metallic Film: Effects of Faceting Spherical Nanoparticle Morphology. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain study of the plasmonic structure of nanoparticles on metallic film (NPOM) is presented in this work. An introduction to nanoparticle (NP) faceting in the NPOM structure produced a variety of complex transverse cavity modes, which were labeled S11 to S13. We observed that the dominant S11 mode resonance could be tuned to the desired wavelength within a broadband range of ~800 nm, with a maximum resonance up to ~1.42 µm, as a function of NP facet width. Despite being tuned at the broad spectral range, the S11 mode demonstrated minimal decrease in its near field enhancement characteristics, which can be advantageous for surface-enhanced spectroscopy applications and device fabrication perspectives. The identification of mode order was interpreted using cross-sectional electric field profiles and three-dimensional surface charge mapping. We realized larger local field enhancement in the order of ~109, even for smaller NP diameters of 50 nm, as function of the NP faceting effect. The number of radial modes were dependent upon the combination of NP diameter and faceting length. We hope that, by exploring the sub-wavelength complex optical properties of the plasmonic structures of NPOM, a variety of exciting applications will be revealed in the fields of sensors, non-linear optics, device engineering/processing, broadband tunable plasmonic devices, near-infrared plasmonics, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy.
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17
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Zhang P, Ren PL, Chen XW. On the emission pattern of nanoscopic emitters in planar anisotropic matrix and nanoantenna structures. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11195-11201. [PMID: 31150034 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single nanoscopic emitters embedded in the crystalline matrix have become a valuable resource for emerging nanophotonics and quantum technologies. The generally anisotropic nature of the matrix strongly affects the emission properties of the quantum emitters, in particular, when the matrix is assembled in nanophotonic structures. We report on rigorous analysis and engineering of spontaneous emission from single emitters coupled to nanoantenna and planar anisotropic antenna structures. By developing a convenient theoretical method with efficient numerical implementation, we show that accurate modeling of the anisotropy is essential in predicting the emission pattern for many important systems, such as single molecules in the solid-state matrix, isolated defects in 2D materials and so on. In particular, we illustrate the amplified effects of material anisotropy and geometrical anisotropy for emitters coupled to planar antenna and nanoantenna structures. We show that with an appropriate design of the anisotropy, a strong enhancement of the emission rate and a nearly collimated beam from single emitters can be simultaneously achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li L, Wu S, Li L, Zhou Z, Ding H, Xiao C, Li X. Gap-mode excitation, manipulation, and refractive-index sensing application by gold nanocube arrays. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5467-5473. [PMID: 30855617 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The challenges in fabricating two-dimensional metallic nanostructures over large areas, which normally involve expensive and time-consuming nanofabrication techniques, have severely limited the exploration of the related applications based on plasmon-induced effects. Here, we cost-efficiently prepared large-area Au nanocube arrays (NCAs) using only the electrostatic forces between colloidal Au nanocubes and polyelectrolyte layers. This method provides a flexible way for obtaining controlled Au NCAs with various fill fractions and single-cube sizes. When the Au NCAs were arranged to be coupled with a continuous Au film, the plasmonic gap mode could be excited and manipulated, leading to significant and tunable light absorbance from the visible to the near-infrared parts of the spectrum. Besides, the as-prepared Au NCAs were used to construct a prototype refractive-index (RI) sensor, which exhibited excellent stability and sensitivity over 560 nm per RI unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Multipole Radiations from Large Gold Nanospheres Excited by Evanescent Wave. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020175. [PMID: 30708976 PMCID: PMC6410218 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We proposed the use of the evanescent wave generated in a total internal reflection configuration to excite large gold nanospheres and investigated the radiations of the high-order plasmon modes supported in gold nanospheres. It was revealed that the evanescent wave excitation is equivalent to the excitation by using both the incident and reflected light, offering us the opportunity to control the orientation of the electric field used to excite nanoparticles. In addition, it was found that the scattering light intensity is greatly enhanced and the background noise is considerably suppressed, making it possible to detect the radiations from high-order plasmon modes. Moreover, the influence of the mirror images on the scattering induced by a metal substrate is eliminated as compared with the surface plasmon polariton excitation. By exciting a gold nanosphere with s-polarized light and detecting the scattering light with a p-polarized analyzer, we were able to reveal the radiation from the electric quadrupole mode of the gold nanosphere in both the spatial and the frequency domains. Our findings are important for characterizing the radiations from the high-order modes of large nanoparticles and useful for designing nanoscale photonic devices.
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20
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Devaraj V, Lee JM, Oh JW. Distinguishable Plasmonic Nanoparticle and Gap Mode Properties in a Silver Nanoparticle on a Gold Film System Using Three-Dimensional FDTD Simulations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E582. [PMID: 30061493 PMCID: PMC6116242 DOI: 10.3390/nano8080582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present a computational study of the near-field enhancement properties from a plasmonic nanomaterial based on a silver nanoparticle on a gold film. Our simulation studies show a clear distinguishability between nanoparticle mode and gap mode as a function of dielectric layer thickness. The observed nanoparticle mode is independent of dielectric layer thickness, and hence its related plasmonic properties can be investigated clearly by having a minimum of ~10-nm-thick dielectric layer on a metallic film. In case of the gap mode, the presence of minimal dielectric layer thickness is crucial (~≤4 nm), as deterioration starts rapidly thereafter. The proposed simple tunable gap-based particle on film design might open interesting studies in the field of plasmonics, extreme light confinement, sensing, and source enhancement of an emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthan Devaraj
- Research Center for Energy Convergence and Technology Division, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Research Center for Energy Convergence and Technology Division, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Research Center for Energy Convergence and Technology Division, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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21
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Wu ZQ, Yang JL, Manjunath NK, Zhang YJ, Feng SR, Lu YH, Wu JH, Zhao WW, Qiu CY, Li JF, Lin SS. Gap-Mode Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photoresponse of MoS 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706527. [PMID: 29785792 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D materials hold great potential for designing novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, 2D material can only absorb limited incident light. As a representative 2D semiconductor, monolayer MoS2 can only absorb up to 10% of the incident light in the visible, which is not sufficient to achieve a high optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency. To overcome this shortcoming, a "gap-mode" plasmon-enhanced monolayer MoS2 fluorescent emitter and photodetector is designed by squeezing the light-field into Ag shell-isolated nanoparticles-Au film gap, where the confined electromagnetic field can interact with monolayer MoS2 . With this gap-mode plasmon-enhanced configuration, a 110-fold enhancement of photoluminescence intensity is achieved, exceeding values reached by other plasmon-enhanced MoS2 fluorescent emitters. In addition, a gap-mode plasmon-enhanced monolayer MoS2 photodetector with an 880% enhancement in photocurrent and a responsivity of 287.5 A W-1 is demonstrated, exceeding previously reported plasmon-enhanced monolayer MoS2 photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qian Wu
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Nallappagar K Manjunath
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Si-Rui Feng
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Hua Lu
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Hong Wu
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Fabrication of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Cai-Yu Qiu
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Sheng Lin
- College of microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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22
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Yang AP, Du LP, Meng FF, Yuan XC. Optical transverse spin coupling through a plasmonic nanoparticle for particle-identification and field-mapping. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9286-9291. [PMID: 29737348 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01618f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields at near-field exhibit distinctive properties with respect to their free-space counterparts. In particular, an optical transverse spin appearing in a confined electromagnetic field provides the foundation for many intriguing physical effects and applications. We present a transverse spin coupling configuration where plasmonic nanoparticles are employed to couple the transverse spin in a focused beam to that of a surface plasmon polariton. The plasmonic resonance of nanoparticles on a metal film plays a significant role in transverse spin coupling. We demonstrate in experiments that Ag and Au nanoparticles yield distinct imaging patterns when scanned over a focused field, because of their different plasmonic responses to the transverse and longitudinal electric fields. Such resonance-dependent spin-coupling enables the identification of nanoparticles using a focused field, as well as electric field mapping of a specific field component of a focused beam using a plasmonic nanoparticle. These interesting findings regarding the transverse spin coupling with a plasmonic nanoparticle may find valuable applications in near-field and nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Yang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, China.
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23
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Chen JD, Xiang J, Jiang S, Dai QF, Tie SL, Lan S. Radiation of the high-order plasmonic modes of large gold nanospheres excited by surface plasmon polaritons. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9153-9163. [PMID: 29725675 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02099j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large metallic nanoparticles with sizes comparable to the wavelength of light are expected to support high-order plasmon modes exhibiting resonances in the visible to near infrared spectral range. However, the radiation behavior of high-order plasmon modes, including scattering spectra and radiation patterns, remains unexplored. Here, we report on the first observation and characterization of the high-order plasmon modes excited in large gold nanospheres by using the surface plasmon polaritons generated on the surface of a thin gold film. The polarization-dependent scattering spectra were measured by inserting a polarization analyzer in the collection channel and the physical origins of the scattering peaks observed in the scattering spectra were clearly identified. More interestingly, the radiation of electric quadrupoles and octupoles was resolved in both frequency and spatial domains. In addition, the angular dependences of the radiation intensity for all plasmon modes were extracted by fitting the polarization-dependent scattering spectra with multiple Lorentz line shapes. A significant enhancement of the electric field was found in the gap plasmon modes and it was employed to generate hot-electron intraband luminescence. Our findings pave the way for exploiting the high-order plasmon modes of large metallic nanoparticles in the manipulation of light radiation and light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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24
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Yu B, Tracey JI, Cheng Z, Vacha M, O'Carroll DM. Plasmonic sphere-on-plane systems with semiconducting polymer spacer layers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11749-11757. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Scattering color changes are investigated in plasmonic sphere-on-plane samples containing resonant and non-resonant conjugated polymer spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxing Yu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Jill I. Tracey
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Zhongkai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Deirdre M. O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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25
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Zhao Y, Sun M, Ma W, Kuang H, Xu C. Biological Molecules-Governed Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dimers with Tailored Optical Behaviors. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5633-5642. [PMID: 29094951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly opens new avenues to direct the organization of nanoparticles (NPs) into discrete structures with predefined configuration and association numbers. Plasmonic NP dimers provide a well-defined system for investigating the plasmonic coupling and electromagnetic (EM) interaction in arrays of NPs. The programmability and structural plasticity of biomolecules offers a convenient platform for constructing of NP dimers in a controllable way. Plasmonic coupling of NPs enables dimers to exhibit tunable optical properties, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), chirality, photoluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties, which can be tailored by altering the biomolecules, the building blocks with distinct compositions, sizes and morphology, the interparticle distances, as well as the geometric configuration of the constituent NPs. An overview of recent developments in biological molecules-governed NP dimers, the tailored optical behaviors, and challenges in enhancing optical signals and proposing plasmonic biosensors are discussed in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, and ‡International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, and ‡International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, and ‡International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, and ‡International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, and ‡International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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26
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Hao Q, Huang H, Fan X, Yin Y, Wang J, Li W, Qiu T, Ma L, Chu PK, Schmidt OG. Controlled Patterning of Plasmonic Dimers by Using an Ultrathin Nanoporous Alumina Membrane as a Shadow Mask. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36199-36205. [PMID: 28948758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on design and fabrication of patterned plasmonic dimer arrays by using an ultrathin anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as a shadow mask. This strategy allows for controllable fabrication of plasmonic dimers where the location, size, and orientation of each particle in the dimer pairs can be independently tuned. Particularly, plasmonic dimers with ultrasmall nanogaps down to the sub-10 nm scale as well as a large dimer density up to 1.0 × 1010 cm-2 are fabricated over a centimeter-sized area. The plasmonic dimers exhibit significant surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement with a polarization-dependent behavior, which is well interpreted by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Our results reveal a facile approach for controllable fabrication of large-area dimer arrays, which is of fundamental interest for plasmon-based applications in surface-enhanced spectroscopy, biochemical sensing, and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xingce Fan
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yin Yin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology , Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology , Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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He J, Zheng W, Ligmajer F, Chan CF, Bao Z, Wong KL, Chen X, Hao J, Dai J, Yu SF, Lei DY. Plasmonic enhancement and polarization dependence of nonlinear upconversion emissions from single gold nanorod@SiO 2@CaF 2:Yb 3+,Er 3+ hybrid core-shell-satellite nanostructures. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16217. [PMID: 30167245 PMCID: PMC6062198 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) have recently become an attractive nonlinear fluorescence material for use in bioimaging because of their tunable spectral characteristics and exceptional photostability. Plasmonic materials are often introduced into the vicinity of UCNCs to increase their emission intensity by means of enlarging the absorption cross-section and accelerating the radiative decay rate. Moreover, plasmonic nanostructures (e.g., gold nanorods, GNRs) can also influence the polarization state of the UC fluorescence-an effect that is of fundamental importance for fluorescence polarization-based imaging methods yet has not been discussed previously. To study this effect, we synthesized GNR@SiO2@CaF2:Yb3+,Er3+ hybrid core-shell-satellite nanostructures with precise control over the thickness of the SiO2 shell. We evaluated the shell thickness-dependent plasmonic enhancement of the emission intensity in ensemble and studied the plasmonic modulation of the emission polarization at the single-particle level. The hybrid plasmonic UC nanostructures with an optimal shell thickness exhibit an improved bioimaging performance compared with bare UCNCs, and we observed a polarized nature of the light at both UC emission bands, which stems from the relationship between the excitation polarization and GNR orientation. We used electrodynamic simulations combined with Förster resonance energy transfer theory to fully explain the observed effect. Our results provide extensive insights into how the coherent interaction between the emission dipoles of UCNCs and the plasmonic dipoles of the GNR determines the emission polarization state in various situations and thus open the way to the accurate control of the UC emission anisotropy for a wide range of bioimaging and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun He
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Filip Ligmajer
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 61669, Czech Republic
| | - Chi-Fai Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyong Bao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Fung Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Mode Coupling Properties of the Plasmonic Dimers Composed of Graphene Nanodisks. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li GC, Zhang YL, Jiang J, Luo Y, Lei DY. Metal-Substrate-Mediated Plasmon Hybridization in a Nanoparticle Dimer for Photoluminescence Line-Width Shrinking and Intensity Enhancement. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3067-3080. [PMID: 28291332 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Metal-film-coupled nanoparticles with subnanometer particle-film gaps possess an ultrasmall mode volume, responsible for a variety of intriguing phenomena in plasmonic nanophotonics. Due to the large radiative loss associated with dipolar coupling, however, the plasmonic-film-coupled nanocavities usually feature a low-quality factor, setting an ultimate limit of the increased light-matter interaction strength. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic nanocavity composed of a metal-film-coupled nanoparticle dimer, exhibiting a significantly improved quality factor. Compared to a silica-supported dimer, the spectral line width of the nanocavity plasmon resonance is reduced by a factor of ∼4.6 and is even smaller than its monomer counterpart (∼30% reduction). Comprehensive theoretical analyses reveal that this pronounced resonance narrowing effect can be attributed to intense film-mediated plasmon hybridization between the bonding dipolar and quadrupolar gap modes in the dimer. More importantly, the invoking of the dark quadrupole resonance leads to a giant photoluminescence intensity enhancement (∼200 times) and dramatic emission line-width narrowing (∼4.6 times), compared to the silica-supported dimer. The similar spectral characteristics of the measured plasmonic scattering and photoluminescence emission indicate that the radiative decay of the coupled plasmons in the nanocavity is the origin of the observed photoluminescence, consistent with a proposed phenomenological model. Numerical calculations show that the intensity enhancement is mainly contributed by the dimer-film gap rather than the interparticle gap. These findings not only shed more light on the hybridized interaction between plasmon modes but also deepen the understanding of photoluminescence emission in coupled plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Can Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
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30
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Zhang S, Li GC, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu SD, Lei DY, Duan H. Pronounced Fano Resonance in Single Gold Split Nanodisks with 15 nm Split Gaps for Intensive Second Harmonic Generation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11105-11114. [PMID: 28024358 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single metallic nanostructures supporting strong Fano resonances allow more compact nanophotonics integration and easier geometrical control in practical applications such as enhanced spectroscopy and sensing. In this work, we designed a class of plasmonic split nanodisks that show pronounced Fano resonance comparable to that observed in widely studied plasmonic oligomer clusters. Using our recently developed "sketch and peel" electron-beam lithography, split nanodisks with varied diameter and split length were fabricated over a large area with high uniformity. Transmission spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that the fabricated structures with 15 nm split gap exhibit disk diameter and split length controlled Fano resonances in the near-infrared region, showing excellent agreement with simulation results. Together with the plasmon hybridization theory, in-depth full-wave analyses elucidated that the Fano resonances observed in the split nanodisks were induced by mode interference between the bright antibonding dipole mode of split disks and the subradiant mode supported by the narrow split gap. With the giant near-field enhancement enabled by the intensive Fano resonance at the tiny split gap, strong wavelength-dependent second harmonic generation was observed under near-infrared excitation. Our work demonstrated that single split nanodisks could serve as important building blocks for plasmonic and nanophotonic applications including sensing and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Can Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong 999077, China
| | | | | | - Shao-Ding Liu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong 999077, China
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