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Kufleitner M, Haiber LM, Wittmann V. Metabolic glycoengineering - exploring glycosylation with bioorthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:510-535. [PMID: 36537135 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are involved in numerous biological recognition events. Being secondary gene products, their labeling by genetic methods - comparable to GFP labeling of proteins - is not possible. To overcome this limitation, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE, also known as metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, MOE) has been developed. In this approach, cells or organisms are treated with synthetic carbohydrate derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group. In the cytosol, the compounds are metabolized and incorporated into newly synthesized glycoconjugates. Subsequently, the reporter groups can be further derivatized in a bioorthogonal ligation reaction. In this way, glycans can be visualized or isolated. Furthermore, diverse targeting strategies have been developed to direct drugs, nanoparticles, or whole cells to a desired location. This review summarizes research in the field of MGE carried out in recent years. After an introduction to the bioorthogonal ligation reactions that have been used in in connection with MGE, an overview on carbohydrate derivatives for MGE is given. The last part of the review focuses on the many applications of MGE starting from mammalian cells to experiments with animals and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kufleitner
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Lisa Maria Haiber
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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2
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Parle D, Bulat F, Fouad S, Zecchini H, Brindle KM, Neves AA, Leeper FJ. Metabolic Glycan Labeling of Cancer Cells Using Variably Acetylated Monosaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1467-1473. [PMID: 35876696 PMCID: PMC9389531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methylcyclopropene (Cyoc)-tagged tetra-acetylated monosaccharides, and in particular mannosamine derivatives, are promising tools for medical imaging of cancer using metabolic oligosaccharide engineering and the extremely fast inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder bioorthogonal reaction. However, the in vivo potential of these monosaccharide derivatives has yet to be fully explored due to their low aqueous solubility. To address this issue, we sought to vary the extent of acetylation of Cyoc-tagged monosaccharides and probe its effect on the extent of glycan labeling in various cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that, in the case of AcxManNCyoc, tri- and diacetylated derivatives generated significantly enhanced cell labeling compared to the tetra-acetylated monosaccharide. In contrast, for the more readily soluble azide-tagged sugars, a decrease in acetylation led to decreased glycan labeling. Ac3ManNCyoc gave better labeling than the azido-tagged Ac4ManNAz and has significant potential for in vitro and in vivo imaging of glycosylated cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
R. Parle
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviu Bulat
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Shahd Fouad
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Zecchini
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - André A. Neves
- Cancer
Research UK Cambridge Institute, University
of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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3
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Nellinger S, Rapp MA, Southan A, Wittmann V, Kluger PJ. An Advanced 'clickECM' That Can be Modified by the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100266. [PMID: 34343379 PMCID: PMC9291553 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents the natural environment of cells in tissue and therefore is a promising biomaterial in a variety of applications. Depending on the purpose, it is necessary to equip the ECM with specific addressable functional groups for further modification with bioactive molecules, for controllable cross-linking and/or covalent binding to surfaces. Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) enables the specific modification of the ECM with such functional groups without affecting the native structure of the ECM. In a previous approach (S. M. Ruff, S. Keller, D. E. Wieland, V. Wittmann, G. E. M. Tovar, M. Bach, P. J. Kluger, Acta Biomater. 2017, 52, 159-170), we demonstrated the modification of an ECM with azido groups, which can be addressed by bioorthogonal copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Here, we demonstrate the modification of an ECM with dienophiles (terminal alkenes, cyclopropene), which can be addressed by an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. This reaction is cell friendly as there are no cytotoxic catalysts needed. We show the equipment of the ECM with a bioactive molecule (enzyme) and prove that the functional groups do not influence cellular behavior. Thus, this new material has great potential for use as a biomaterial, which can be individually modified in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nellinger
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, School of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Mareike A Rapp
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra J Kluger
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, School of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rigolot
- UMR 8576 CNRS Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Bât. C9, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Christophe Biot
- UMR 8576 CNRS Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Bât. C9, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Cedric Lion
- UMR 8576 CNRS Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Bât. C9, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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5
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Rigolot V, Biot C, Lion C. To View Your Biomolecule, Click inside the Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23084-23105. [PMID: 34097349 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The surging development of bioorthogonal chemistry has profoundly transformed chemical biology over the last two decades. Involving chemical partners that specifically react together in highly complex biological fluids, this branch of chemistry now allows researchers to probe biomolecules in their natural habitat through metabolic labelling technologies. Chemical reporter strategies include metabolic glycan labelling, site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids in proteins, and post-synthetic labelling of nucleic acids. While a majority of literature reports mark cell-surface exposed targets, implementing bioorthogonal ligations in the interior of cells constitutes a more challenging task. Owing to limiting factors such as membrane permeability of reagents, fluorescence background due to hydrophobic interactions and off-target covalent binding, and suboptimal balance between reactivity and stability of the designed molecular reporters and probes, these strategies need mindful planning to achieve success. In this review, we discuss the hurdles encountered when targeting biomolecules localized in cell organelles and give an easily accessible summary of the strategies at hand for imaging intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rigolot
- UMR 8576 CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Bât. C9, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- UMR 8576 CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Bât. C9, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cedric Lion
- UMR 8576 CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Bât. C9, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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6
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Haiber LM, Kufleitner M, Wittmann V. Application of the Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reaction for Metabolic Glycoengineering. Front Chem 2021; 9:654932. [PMID: 33928067 PMCID: PMC8076787 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.654932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA or DAinv) reaction is an emerging bioorthogonal ligation reaction that finds application in all areas of chemistry and chemical biology. In this review we highlight its application in metabolic glycoengineering (MGE). MGE is a versatile tool to introduce unnatural sugar derivatives that are modified with a chemical reporter group into cellular glycans. The IEDDA reaction can then be used to modify the chemical reporter group allowing, for instance, the visualization or isolation of glycoconjugates. During the last years, many different sugar derivatives as well as reporter groups have been published. These probes are summarized, and their chemical and biological properties are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss examples of MGE and subsequent IEDDA reaction that highlight its suitability for application within living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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7
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Deb T, Tu J, Franzini RM. Mechanisms and Substituent Effects of Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6850-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titas Deb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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8
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Dold JEGA, Wittmann V. Metabolic Glycoengineering with Azide- and Alkene-Modified Hexosamines: Quantification of Sialic Acid Levels. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1243-1251. [PMID: 33180370 PMCID: PMC8048827 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an established method to incorporate chemical reporter groups into cellular glycans for subsequent bioorthogonal labeling. The method has found broad application for the visualization and isolation of glycans allowing their biological roles to be probed. Furthermore, targeting of drugs to cancer cells that present high concentrations of sialic acids on their surface is an attractive approach. We report the application of a labeling reaction using 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene for the quantification of sialic acid derivates after MGE with various azide‐ and alkene‐modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc derivatives. We followed the time course of sialic acid production and were able to detect sialic acids modified with the chemical reporter group – not only after addition of ManNAc derivatives to the cell culture. A cyclopropane‐modified ManNAc derivative, being a model for the corresponding cyclopropene analog, which undergoes fast inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reactions with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines, resulted in the highest incorporation efficiency. Furthermore, we investigated whether feeding the cells with natural and unnatural ManNAc derivative results in increased levels of sialic acids and found that this is strongly dependent on the investigated cell type and cell fraction. For HEK 293T cells, a strong increase in free sialic acids in the cell interior was found, whereas cell‐surface sialic acid levels are only moderately increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
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9
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Metabolic glycan labelling for cancer-targeted therapy. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1102-1114. [PMID: 33219365 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering with unnatural sugars provides a powerful tool to label cell membranes with chemical tags for subsequent targeted conjugation of molecular cargos via efficient chemistries. This technology has been widely explored for cancer labelling and targeting. However, as this metabolic labelling process can occur in both cancerous and normal cells, cancer-selective labelling needs to be achieved to develop cancer-targeted therapies. Unnatural sugars can be either rationally designed to enable preferential labelling of cancer cells, or specifically delivered to cancerous tissues. In this Review Article, we will discuss the progress to date in design and delivery of unnatural sugars for metabolic labelling of tumour cells and subsequent development of tumour-targeted therapy. Metabolic cell labelling for cancer immunotherapy will also be discussed. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future directions of metabolic labelling of cancer and immune cells for the development of potent, clinically translatable cancer therapies.
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10
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Roy S, Cha JN, Goodwin AP. Nongenetic Bioconjugation Strategies for Modifying Cell Membranes and Membrane Proteins: A Review. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2465-2475. [PMID: 33146010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane possesses an extensive library of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that control a significant portion of inter- and intracellular functions, including signaling, proliferation, migration, and adhesion, among others. Augmenting the cell surface composition would open possibilities for advances in therapy, tissue engineering, and probing fundamental cell processes. While genetic engineering has proven effective for many in vitro applications, these techniques result in irreversible changes to cells and are difficult to apply in vivo. Another approach is to instead attach exogenous functional groups to the cell membrane without changing the genetic nature of the cell. This review focuses on more recent approaches of nongenetic methods of cell surface modification through metabolic pathways, anchorage by hydrophobic interactions, and chemical conjugation. Benefits and drawbacks of each approach are considered, followed by a discussion of potential applications for nongenetic cell surface modification and an outlook on the future of the field.
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11
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Moons SJ, Adema GJ, Derks MT, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid glycoengineering using N-acetylmannosamine and sialic acid analogs. Glycobiology 2020; 29:433-445. [PMID: 30913290 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids cap the glycans of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are involved in a multitude of biological processes and aberrant sialic acid expression is associated with several pathologies. Sialic acids modulate the characteristics and functions of glycoproteins and regulate cell-cell as well as cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Pathogens such as influenza virus use sialic acids to infect host cells and cancer cells exploit sialic acids to escape from the host's immune system. The introduction of unnatural sialic acids with different functionalities into surface glycans enables the study of the broad biological functions of these sugars and presents a therapeutic option to intervene with pathological processes involving sialic acids. Multiple chemically modified sialic acid analogs can be directly utilized by cells for sialoglycan synthesis. Alternatively, analogs of the natural sialic acid precursor sugar N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) can be introduced into the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway resulting in the intracellular conversion into the corresponding sialic acid analog. Both, ManNAc and sialic acid analogs, have been employed successfully for a large variety of glycoengineering applications such as glycan imaging, targeting toxins to tumor cells, inhibiting pathogen binding, or altering immune cell activity. However, there are significant differences between ManNAc and sialic acid analogs with respect to their chemical modification potential and cellular metabolism that should be considered in sialic acid glycoengineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Tgm Derks
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Agatemor C, Buettner MJ, Ariss R, Muthiah K, Saeui CT, Yarema KJ. Exploiting metabolic glycoengineering to advance healthcare. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:605-620. [PMID: 31777760 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is a technique for manipulating cellular metabolism to modulate glycosylation. MGE is used to increase the levels of natural glycans and, more importantly, to install non-natural monosaccharides into glycoconjugates. In this Review, we summarize the chemistry underlying MGE that has been developed over the past three decades and highlight several recent advances that have set the stage for clinical translation. In anticipation of near-term application to human healthcare, we describe emerging efforts to deploy MGE in diverse applications, ranging from the glycoengineering of biotherapeutic proteins and the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as cancer to the development of new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keerthana Muthiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Suttapitugsakul S, Ulmer LD, Jiang C, Sun F, Wu R. Surface Glycoproteomic Analysis Reveals That Both Unique and Differential Expression of Surface Glycoproteins Determine the Cell Type. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6934-6942. [PMID: 31025852 PMCID: PMC6584960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins on the cell surface are frequently glycosylated, and they are essential for cells. Surface glycoproteins regulate nearly every extracellular event, but compared with global analysis of proteins, comprehensive and site-specific analysis of surface glycoproteins is much more challenging and dramatically understudied. Here, combining metabolic labeling, click-chemistry and enzymatic reactions, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we globally characterized surface glycoproteins from eight popular types of human cells. This integrative and effective method allowed for the identification of 2172 N-glycosylation sites and 1047 surface glycoproteins. The distribution and occurrence of N-glycosylation sites were systematically investigated, and protein secondary structures were found to have a dramatic influence on glycosylation sites. As expected, most sites are located on disordered regions. For the sites with the motif N-!P-C, about one-third of them are located on helix structures, while those with the motif N-!P-S/T prefer strand structures. There is almost no correlation between the number of glycosylation sites and protein length, but the number of sites corresponds well with the frequencies of the motif. Quantification results reveal that besides cell-specific glycoproteins, the uniqueness of each cell type further arises from differential expression of surface glycoproteins. The current research indicates that multiple surface glycoproteins including their abundances need to be considered for cell classification rather than a single cluster of differentiation (CD) protein normally used in conventional methods. These results provide valuable information to the glycoscience and biomedical communities and aid in the discovery of surface glycoproteins as disease biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lindsey D. Ulmer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chendi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Fangxu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Li PH, Yang S, Hao TG, Xu Q, Shi M. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Tandem Cyclization of N-Indole-Tethered Cyclopropenes: Synthesis of Functionalized Hydrogenated Diazabenzo[ a]cyclopenta[ cd]azulene Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:3162-3166. [PMID: 30993990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(I)-catalyzed [3 + 2] intramolecular cycloaddition reaction of N-indole-tethered cyclopropenes is presented in this paper. This reaction starts from the formation of π-allyl cationic intermediate or its resonance-stabilized metal carbenoid intermediate upon activation of cyclopropene with Cu(I) catalyst and a Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization to give functionalized hydrogenated diazabenzo[ a]cyclopenta[ cd]azulenes in good to excellent yields along with moderate to good dr values. The asymmetric variant of this cycloaddition reaction can be realized, giving the desired products with moderate ee values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Gang Hao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei Long Road , Shanghai 200237 , People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 354 Fenglin Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Hassenrück J, Wittmann V. Cyclopropene derivatives of aminosugars for metabolic glycoengineering. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:584-601. [PMID: 30931000 PMCID: PMC6423581 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropenes have been proven valuable chemical reporter groups for metabolic glycoengineering (MGE). They readily react with tetrazines in an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (DAinv) reaction, a prime example of a bioorthogonal ligation reaction, allowing their visualization in biological systems. Here, we present a comparative study of six cyclopropene-modified hexosamine derivatives and their suitability for MGE. Three mannosamine derivatives in which the cyclopropene moiety is attached to the sugar by either an amide or a carbamate linkage and that differ by the presence or absence of a stabilizing methyl group at the double bond have been examined. We determined their DAinv reaction kinetics and their labeling intensities after metabolic incorporation. To determine the efficiencies by which the derivatives are metabolized to sialic acids, we synthesized and investigated the corresponding cyclopropane derivatives because cyclopropenes are not stable under the analysis conditions. From these experiments, it became obvious that N-(cycloprop-2-en-1-ylcarbonyl)-modified (Cp-modified) mannosamine has the highest metabolic acceptance. However, carbamate-linked N-(2-methylcycloprop-2-en-1-ylmethyloxycarbonyl)-modified (Cyoc-modified) mannosamine despite its lower metabolic acceptance results in the same cell-surface labeling intensity due to its superior reactivity in the DAinv reaction. Based on the high incorporation efficiency of the Cp derivative we synthesized and investigated two new Cp-modified glucosamine and galactosamine derivatives. Both compounds lead to comparable, distinct cell-surface staining after MGE. We further found that the amide-linked Cp-modified glucosamine derivative but not the Cyoc-modified glucosamine is metabolically converted to the corresponding sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hassenrück
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Kumar P, Jiang T, Zainul O, Preston AN, Li S, Farr JD, Suri P, Laughlin ST. Lipidated cyclopropenes via a stable 3- N spirocyclopropene scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2018; 59:3435-3438. [PMID: 30344353 PMCID: PMC6190722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipidated cyclopropenes serve as useful bioorthogonal reagents for imaging cell membranes due to the cyclopropene's small size and ability to ligate with pro-fluorescent tetrazines. Previously, the lipidation of cyclopropenes required modification at the C3 position because methods to append lipids at C1/C2 were not available. Herein, we describe C1/C2 lipidation with the biologically active lipid ceramide and a common phospholipid using a cyclopropene scaffold whose reactivity with 1,2,4,5-tetrazines has been caged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Omar Zainul
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Preston
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Sining Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Joshua D. Farr
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Pavit Suri
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
| | - Scott T. Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States
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17
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Oliveira BL, Guo Z, Bernardes GJL. Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions in chemical biology. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4895-4950. [PMID: 28660957 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emerging inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and biocompatibility. With the recent discovery of novel dienophiles and optimal tetrazine coupling partners, attention has now been turned to the use of IEDDA approaches in basic biology, imaging and therapeutics. Here we review this bioorthogonal reaction and its promising applications for live cell and animal studies. We first discuss the key factors that contribute to the fast IEDDA kinetics and describe the most recent advances in the synthesis of tetrazine and dienophile coupling partners. Both coupling partners have been incorporated into proteins for tracking and imaging by use of fluorogenic tetrazines that become strongly fluorescent upon reaction. Selected notable examples of such applications are presented. The exceptional fast kinetics of this catalyst-free reaction, even using low concentrations of coupling partners, make it amenable for in vivo radiolabelling using pretargeting methodologies, which are also discussed. Finally, IEDDA reactions have recently found use in bioorthogonal decaging to activate proteins or drugs in gain-of-function strategies. We conclude by showing applications of the IEDDA reaction in the construction of biomaterials that are used for drug delivery and multimodal imaging, among others. The use and utility of the IEDDA reaction is interdisciplinary and promises to revolutionize chemical biology, radiochemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - G J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
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18
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Abstract
Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. Ac4GlcNCyoc can be labeled in a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells. Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. We also provide useful notes necessary for reproducibility and point out strengths and limitations of the approach.
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19
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Dold JEGA, Pfotzer J, Späte AK, Wittmann V. Dienophile-Modified Mannosamine Derivatives for Metabolic Labeling of Sialic Acids: A Comparative Study. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1242-1250. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry and; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology; KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Jessica Pfotzer
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry and; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology; KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Späte
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry and; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology; KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry and; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology; KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
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20
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Ravasco JMJM, Monteiro CM, Trindade AF. Cyclopropenes: a new tool for the study of biological systems. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropenes have become an important mini-tag tool in chemical biology, participating in fast inverse electron demand Diels–Alder and photoclick reactions in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. J. M. Ravasco
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Alexandre F. Trindade
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-003 Lisboa
- Portugal
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21
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Kumar P, Shukhman D, Laughlin ST. A photocaged, cyclopropene-containing analog of the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:5750-5752. [PMID: 30245532 PMCID: PMC6150495 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substituted cyclopropenes serve as compact biorthogonal appendages that enable analysis of biomolecules in complex systems. Neurotransmitters, a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that control neuron excitation and inhibition, are not among the systems that have been studied using biorthogonal chemistry. Here we describe the synthesis of cyclopropene-containing analogs of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate starting from a Garner's aldehyde-derived alkyne. The deprotected cyclopropene glutamate was stable in solution but decomposed upon concentration. Appending a light-cleavable group improved the stability of the cyclopropene while simultaneously caging the neurotransmitter. This strategy has the potential to permit deployment of cyclopropene-modified glutamate as a bioorthogonal probe of the neurotransmitter glutamate in vivo with spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - David Shukhman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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22
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Sminia TJ, Zuilhof H, Wennekes T. Getting a grip on glycans: A current overview of the metabolic oligosaccharide engineering toolbox. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:121-141. [PMID: 27750120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the advances in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) from 2010 to 2016 with a focus on the structure, preparation, and reactivity of its chemical probes. A brief historical overview of MOE is followed by a comprehensive overview of the chemical probes currently available in the MOE molecular toolbox and the bioconjugation techniques they enable. The final part of the review focusses on the synthesis of a selection of probes and finishes with an outlook on recent and potential upcoming advances in the field of MOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk J Sminia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Saliba RC, Pohl NL. Designing sugar mimetics: non-natural pyranosides as innovative chemical tools. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 34:127-134. [PMID: 27621102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance of oligosaccharides in myriad biological processes is becoming increasingly clear. However, these carbohydrate-mediated processes are often challenging to dissect due to the often poor affinity, stability and selectivity of the oligosaccharides involved. To circumvent these issues, non-natural carbohydrates-carbohydrate mimics-are being designed as innovative tools to modify biomolecules of interest or to understand biological pathways using fluorescence microscopy, X-ray or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). This review focuses on key examples of recently developed non-natural sugars to answer specific biological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis C Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States.
| | - Nicola Lb Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, United States.
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24
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolic Glycoengineering with N-Acyl Side Chain Modified Mannosamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9482-512. [PMID: 27435524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), cells or animals are treated with unnatural derivatives of monosaccharides. After entering the cytosol, these sugar analogues are metabolized and subsequently expressed on newly synthesized glycoconjugates. The feasibility of MGE was first discovered for sialylated glycans, by using N-acyl-modified mannosamines as precursor molecules for unnatural sialic acids. Prerequisite is the promiscuity of the enzymes of the Roseman-Warren biosynthetic pathway. These enzymes were shown to tolerate specific modifications of the N-acyl side chain of mannosamine analogues, for example, elongation by one or more methylene groups (aliphatic modifications) or by insertion of reactive groups (bioorthogonal modifications). Unnatural sialic acids are incorporated into glycoconjugates of cells and organs. MGE has intriguing biological consequences for treated cells (aliphatic MGE) and offers the opportunity to visualize the topography and dynamics of sialylated glycans in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (bioorthogonal MGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle, Germany.
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolisches Glykoengineering mitN-Acyl-Seiten- ketten-modifizierten Mannosaminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hollystraße 1 06114 Halle Deutschland
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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26
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Späte AK, Dold JEGA, Batroff E, Schart VF, Wieland DE, Baudendistel OR, Wittmann V. Exploring the Potential of Norbornene-Modified Mannosamine Derivatives for Metabolic Glycoengineering. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1374-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Späte
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Ellen Batroff
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Verena F. Schart
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Daniel E. Wieland
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Oliver R. Baudendistel
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz; Department of Chemistry; and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); 78457 Konstanz Germany
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27
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Edwards A, Rubin M. Efficient one-pot synthesis of 1-arylcycloprop-2-ene-1-carboxamides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2883-90. [PMID: 26864495 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00156d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An expeditious and cost-efficient method for synthesis of 1-arylcycloprop-2-ene-1-carboxamides was developed. This one-pot protocol involving coupling of amines with acyl chlorides, generated upon treatment of cyclopenylcarboxylic acids with oxalyl chloride, is applicable for the preparation of sensitive products with a reactive, unsubstituted strained double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA.
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA. and Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus State University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation
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28
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Cheng B, Xie R, Dong L, Chen X. Metabolic Remodeling of Cell-Surface Sialic Acids: Principles, Applications, and Recent Advances. Chembiochem 2015; 17:11-27. [PMID: 26573222 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface sialic acids are essential in mediating a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Sialic acid chemistry and biology remain challenging to investigate, demanding new tools for probing sialylation in living systems. The metabolic glycan labeling (MGL) strategy has emerged as an invaluable chemical biology tool that enables metabolic installation of useful functionalities into cell-surface sialoglycans by "hijacking" the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Here we review the principles of MGL and its applications in study and manipulation of sialic acid function, with an emphasis on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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29
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Patterson DM, Prescher JA. Orthogonal bioorthogonal chemistries. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 28:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Kamber DN, Liang Y, Blizzard RJ, Liu F, Mehl RA, Houk KN, Prescher JA. 1,2,4-Triazines Are Versatile Bioorthogonal Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8388-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Blizzard
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | | | - Ryan A. Mehl
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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