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Zaib S, Younas MT, Khan I, Ali HS, McAdam CJ, White JM, Jaber F, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids as potent druggable therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biochemical and in silico analyses. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106868. [PMID: 37738768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The identification of effective and druggable cholinesterase inhibitors to treat progressive neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disorder remains a continuous drug discovery hunt. In this perspective, the present study investigates the design and discovery of pyrimidine-morpholine hybrids (5a-l) as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was employed to introduce the structural diversity on the pyrimidine heterocyclic core. A range of commercially available boronic acids was successfully coupled showing a high functional group tolerance. In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential using Ellman's method revealed significantly strong potency. Compound 5h bearing a meta-tolyl substituent at 2-position of pyrimidine ring emerged as a lead candidate against AChE with an inhibitory potency of 0.43 ± 0.42 µM, ∼38-fold stronger value than neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 5h also showed the lead inhibition against BuChE with an IC50 value of 2.5 ± 0.04 µM. The kinetics analysis of 5h revealed the non-competitive mode of inhibition against AChE whereas computational modelling results of potent leads depicted diverse contacts with the binding site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stability of biomolecular system, while, ADME analysis demonstrated druglikeness behaviour of potent compounds. Overall, the investigated pyrimidine-morpholine scaffold presented a remarkable potential to be developed as efficacious anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester MI 7DN, UK.
| | - Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Ullah S, Waqas M, Halim SA, Khan I, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Makeen HA, Ibrar A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Triazolothiadiazoles and triazolothiadiazines as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: Mechanistic insights from kinetics studies, molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126227. [PMID: 37558024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been considered as a serious health problem worldwide due its high prevalence rate and associated complications. In this context, the current research work aims at exploring new structural leads for the treatment of a major metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus type 2. The outcomes of our prior studies on a diverse set of triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives and their therapeutic potential, encouraged us to explore their anti-diabetic competency by targeting the key carbohydrate catabolic enzyme, α-glucosidase. Therefore, all these analogues were examined to reveal their contribution towards this severe metabolic issue. Interestingly, all the tested compounds (2a-2l and 3a-3p) exhibited several times more potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 in the range of 2.44-219.93 μM) as compared to marketed drug, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Furthermore, their mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro kinetics studies which revealed compounds 3a, 3d, 3o, and 2k as competitive inhibitors, and 3f as a mixed type inhibitor of α-glucosidase. In addition, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to observe the mode of interaction of the active hits within the binding pocket of α-glucosidase. Both docking and simulation results favored our in vitro mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur KPK-22620, Pakistan.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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3
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Uddin J, Ullah S, Halim SA, Waqas M, Ibrar A, Khan I, Bin Muhsinah A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Triazolothiadiazoles and Triazolothiadiazines as New and Potent Urease Inhibitors: Insights from In Vitro Assay, Kinetics Data, and In Silico Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31890-31898. [PMID: 37692208 PMCID: PMC10483676 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the urease enzyme induces the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and gastritis. The identification of new urease inhibitors can reduce the activity of urease. Therefore, in the current study, we have evaluated 28 analogues of triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine heteroaromatics for their in vitro urease inhibitory efficacy. All the tested compounds displayed a remarkable inhibitory potential ranging from 3.33 to 46.83 μM. Among them, compounds 5k and 5e emerged as lead inhibitors with IC50 values of 3.33 ± 0.11 and 3.51 ± 0.49 μM, respectively. The potent inhibitory potential of these compounds was ∼6.5-fold higher than that of the marketed drug thiourea (IC50 = 22.45 ± 0.30 μM). The mechanistic insights from kinetics experiments of the highest potent inhibitors (4g, 5e, and 5k) revealed a competitive type of inhibition with ki values 2.25 ± 0.0028, 3.11 ± 0.0031, and 3.62 ± 0.0034 μM, respectively. In silico modeling was performed to investigate the binding interactions of potent inhibitors with the enzyme active site residues, which strongly supported our experimental results. Furthermore, ADME analysis also showed good druglikeness properties demonstrating the potential of these compounds to be developed as lead antiurease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Uddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK 22620, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology,The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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4
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Munir R, Zaib S, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Hussain N, Chaudhry F, Younas MT, Zahra FT, Tajammul Z, Javid N, Dera AA, Ogaly HA, Khan I. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Piperidinyl-Quinoline Acylhydrazones as New Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Assessment of Cholinesterase Inhibitory Profile, Molecular Docking Analysis, and Drug-like Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052131. [PMID: 36903376 PMCID: PMC10004187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the progressive neurological disorders and the main cause of dementia all over the world. The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease is a reason for the lack of effective drugs as well as a basis for the development of new structural leads. In addition, the appalling side effects such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, and headaches associated with the marketed treatment modalities and many failed clinical trials significantly limit the use of drugs and alarm for a detailed understanding of disease heterogeneity and the development of preventive and multifaceted remedial approach desperately. With this motivation, we herein report a diverse series of piperidinyl-quinoline acylhydrazone therapeutics as selective as well as potent inhibitors of cholinesterase enzymes. Ultrasound-assisted conjugation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes (4a,b) and (un)substituted aromatic acid hydrazides (7a-m) provided facile access to target compounds (8a-m and 9a-j) in 4-6 min in excellent yields. The structures were fully established using spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H- and 13C NMR, and purity was estimated using elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their cholinesterase inhibitory potential. In vitro enzymatic studies revealed potent and selective inhibitors of AChE and BuChE. Compound 8c showed remarkable results and emerged as a lead candidate for the inhibition of AChE with an IC50 value of 5.3 ± 0.51 µM. The inhibitory strength of the optimal compound was 3-fold higher compared to neostigmine (IC50 = 16.3 ± 1.12 µM). Compound 8g exhibited the highest potency and inhibited the BuChE selectively with an IC50 value of 1.31 ± 0.05 µM. Several compounds, such as 8a-c, also displayed dual inhibitory strength, and acquired data were superior to the standard drugs. In vitro results were further supported by molecular docking analysis, where potent compounds revealed various important interactions with the key amino acid residues in the active site of both enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulation data, as well as physicochemical properties of the lead compounds, supported the identified class of hybrid compounds as a promising avenue for the discovery and development of new molecules for multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Munir
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.Z.); (I.K.)
| | | | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faryal Chaudhry
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Tuz Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Tajammul
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Noman Javid
- Chemistry Department (C-Block), Forman Christian College, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (S.Z.); (I.K.)
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Khan BA, Rehman OU, Alsfouk AA, Ejaz SA, Channar PA, Saeed A, Ghafoor A, Ujan R, Mughal EU, Kumar R, Yousuf S, Hökelek T. Substituted piperidine as a novel lead molecule for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Synthesis, crystal structure, hirshfeld surface analysis, and molecular modeling. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Karthikeyan S, Blacque O, El-Masry AA, Hassan HM, Percino MJ, El-Emam AA, Thamotharan S. Structural and Energetic Properties of Weak Noncovalent Interactions in Two Closely Related 3,6-Disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivatives: In Vitro Cyclooxygenase Activity, Crystallography, and Computational Investigations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34506-34520. [PMID: 36188268 PMCID: PMC9520738 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Two 3,6-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole
derivatives, namely, 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-6-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 1 and 6-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 2, were prepared, and
the detailed analysis of the weak intermolecular interactions responsible
for the supramolecular self-assembly was performed using X-ray diffraction
and theoretical tools. Analyses of Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint
plot demonstrated the effect of adamant-1-yl/phenyl moieties on intermolecular
interactions in solid-state structures. The effect of these substituents
on H···H/Cl/N contacts was more specific. The CLP-PIXEL
and density functional theory methods provide information on the energetics
of molecular dimers observed in these compounds. The crystal structure
of compound 1 stabilizes with a variety of weak intermolecular
interactions, including C–H···N, C–H···π,
and C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, a directional C–S···π
chalcogen bond, and unconventional short F···C/N contacts.
The crystal structure of compound 2 is stabilized by
π-stacking interactions, C–H···N, C–H···π,
and C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, and highly directional
attractive σ–hole interactions such as the C–Cl···N
halogen bond and the C–S···N chalcogen bond.
In addition, S(lp)···C(π) and short N···N
contacts play a supportive role in the stabilization of certain molecular
dimers. The final supramolecular architectures resulting from the
combination of different intermolecular interactions are observed
in both the crystal packing. The molecular electrostatic potential
map reveals complementary electrostatic potentials of the interacting
atoms. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules approach was used
to delineate the nature and strength of different intermolecular interactions
present in different dimers of compounds 1 and 2. The in vitro experiments suggest that both compounds showed
selectivity against COX-2 targets rather than COX-1. Molecular docking
analysis showed the binding pose of the compounds at the active sites
of COX-1/2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sekar Karthikeyan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Amal A. El-Masry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Costal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - M. Judith Percino
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Puebla-C.P. 72960, Mexico
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
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Mustafa G, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Sumrra SH, Ashfaq M, Zafar W, Ashfaq M. A critical review on recent trends on pharmacological applications of pyrazolone endowed derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Reetu R, Gujjarappa R, Malakar CC. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Evaluation of 1,2‐Benzothiazine Analogues. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Reetu
- National Institute of Technology Manipur Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Chandi C Malakar
- National Institute of Technology Manipur Department of Chemistry Langol, Imphal 795004 Imphal INDIA
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Kumar P, Sumran G. Vision on Synthetic and Medicinal Facets of 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine Scaffold. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:10. [PMID: 35122161 PMCID: PMC8816708 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present review article strives to compile the latest synthetic approaches for the synthesis of triazolothiadiazine and its derivatives, along with their diverse pharmacological activities, viz. anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, enzyme inhibitors (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinesterase inhibitors, alkaline phosphatase inhibitors, anti-lipase activity, and aromatase inhibitors) and antitubercular agents. The review focuses particularly on the structure–activity relationship of biologically important 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines, which have profound importance in drug design, discovery and development. In silico pharmacokinetic and molecular modeling studies have also been summarized. It is hoped that this review article will be of help to researchers engaged in the development of new biologically active entities for the rational design and development of new target-oriented 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine-based drugs for the treatment of multifunctional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India. .,CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Garima Sumran
- Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City, Haryana, 134 003, India
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Benazzouz-Touami A, Chouh A, Halit S, Terrachet-Bouaziz S, Makhloufi-Chebli M, Ighil-Ahriz K, Silva AM. New Coumarin-Pyrazole hybrids: Synthesis, Docking studies and Biological evaluation as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Bekircan O, Danış Ö, Şahin ME, Çetin M. Monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activities of 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105493. [PMID: 34814086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4, MAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing flavoenzyme located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and dietary amines. MAO exists in humans as two isoenzymes, hMAO-A and hMAO-B, which are distinguished by their tertiary structures, preferred substrates and inhibitors, and selective inhibition of these isoenzymes are used in the treatment of different diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and depression. In the present study, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazole substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives as novel and selective inhibitors of hMAO-B. Twenty one compounds (38, 39a-h, 41a-d, 42a-h) were screened for their inhibitory activity against hMAO-A and hMAO-B by using in vitro Amplex Red® reagent based fluorometric method and all compounds were found to be as selective h-MAO-B inhibitors to a different degree. The compound 42e and 42h displayed the highest inhibitory activity against hMAO-B with IC50 values of 2.51 and 2.81 µM, respectively, and more than 25-fold selectivity towards inhibition of hMAO-B. A further kinetic evaluation of the most potent derivative (42e) was also performed and a mixed mode of inhibition of hMAO-B by the compound 42e was determined (Ki = 0,26 µM). According to our findings the [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole emerged as a promising scaffold for the development of novel and selective hMAO-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Bekircan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Özkan Danış
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Eren Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mert Çetin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Zaib S, Munir R, Younas MT, Kausar N, Ibrar A, Aqsa S, Shahid N, Asif TT, Alsaab HO, Khan I. Hybrid Quinoline-Thiosemicarbazone Therapeutics as a New Treatment Opportunity for Alzheimer's Disease‒Synthesis, In Vitro Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Computational Modeling Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216573. [PMID: 34770983 PMCID: PMC8587653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. The limited pharmacological approaches based on cholinesterase inhibitors only provide symptomatic relief to AD patients. Moreover, the adverse side effects such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, and headaches associated with these drugs and numerous clinical trial failures present substantial limitations on the use of medications and call for a detailed insight of disease heterogeneity and development of preventive and multifactorial therapeutic strategies on urgent basis. In this context, we herein report a series of quinoline-thiosemicarbazone hybrid therapeutics as selective and potent inhibitors of cholinesterases. A facile multistep synthetic approach was utilized to generate target structures bearing multiple sites for chemical modifications and establishing drug-receptor interactions. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). In vitro inhibitory results revealed compound 5b as a promising and lead inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.12 ± 0.02 μM, a 5-fold higher potency than standard drug (galantamine; IC50 = 0.62 ± 0.01 μM). The synergistic effect of electron-rich (methoxy) group and ethylmorpholine moiety in quinoline-thiosemicarbazone conjugates contributes significantly in improving the inhibition level. Molecular docking analysis revealed various vital interactions of potent compounds with amino acid residues and reinforced the in vitro results. Kinetics experiments revealed the competitive mode of inhibition while ADME properties favored the translation of identified inhibitors into safe and promising drug candidates for pre-clinical testing. Collectively, inhibitory activity data and results from key physicochemical properties merit further research to ensure the design and development of safe and high-quality drug candidates for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (R.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Rubina Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (R.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Naghmana Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Sehar Aqsa
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Noorma Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Tahira Tasneem Asif
- Department of Chemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (N.S.); (T.T.A.)
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (R.M.); (I.K.)
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13
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Malik AA, Ojha SC, Schaduangrat N, Nantasenamat C. ABCpred: a webserver for the discovery of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2021; 26:467-487. [PMID: 34609711 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia and is associated with a decline in cognitive function and language ability. The deficiency of the cholinergic neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine (ACh) is associated with AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyses ACh and inhibits the cholinergic transmission. Furthermore, both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) plays important roles in early and late stages of AD. Therefore, the inhibition of either or both cholinesterase enzymes represent a promising therapeutic route for treating AD. In this study, a large-scale classification structure-activity relationship model was developed to predict cholinesterase inhibitory activities as well as revealing important substructures governing their activities. Herein, a non-redundant dataset constituting 985 and 1056 compounds for AChE and BChE, respectively, was obtained from the ChEMBL database. These inhibitors were described by 12 sets of molecular fingerprints and predictive models were developed using the random forest algorithm. Evaluation of the model performance by means of Matthews correlation coefficient and consideration of the model's interpretability indicated that the SubstructureCount fingerprint was the most robust with five-fold cross-validated MCC of [0.76, 0.82] for AChE and BChE, respectively, and test MCC of [0.73, 0.97]. Feature interpretation revealed that the aromatic ring system, heterocyclic nitrogen containing compounds and amines are important for cholinesterase inhibition. Finally, the model was deployed as a publicly available webserver called the ABCpred at http://codes.bio/abcpred/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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14
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Erythrina variegata L. bark: an untapped bioactive source harbouring therapeutic properties for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:51. [PMID: 34532215 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical approach for target identification to detect the significant molecular mechanism of lead molecules via computational methods combined with in vitro procedures defines the modern strategy to combat untreatable diseases. Hence, the present investigation dealt to determine the effect of Erythrina variegata L. bark extract/fraction(s) over acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity followed by target identification and docking analysis of prime phytoconstituents. The in vitro AChE and BChE enzyme inhibitory assay were performed. Phytoconstituents from E. variegata were screened for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity and predicted for their possible targets leading to the identification of two known targets, i.e. AChE and BChE. The alkaloids with non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic properties were studied for their main moiety responsible for the inhibitory activity. The protein models were checked in ERRAT for their quality and the homology model was created using Modeller9.10v to fill missing amino acid residues. The docking study predicted the binding affinity of bioactive molecules with identified targets using AutoDock 4.2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for top hits were performed by Schrodinger Desmond 6.1v software. Chloroform fraction showed potent inhibition of AChE and BChE with IC50 value of 38.03 ± 1.987 µg/mL and 20.67 ± 2.794 µg/mL, respectively. Among all the six major bioactive compounds, Erysotine and Erythraline scored the highest binding affinity with AChE and Erysodine with BChE. MD simulation for 20 ns production run demonstrated Erysotine and Erysodine stable interaction with Arg49 of AChE and Lys427 of BChE, respectively. The current data provide enough shreds of evidence supporting the utilization of indolo [7a,1-a] isoquinoline derivatives for the identification of a new drug molecule in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00110-0.
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15
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Novel hypervalent iodine catalyzed synthesis of α-sulfonoxy ketones: Biological activity and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Gultekin E, Bekircan O, Kolcuoğlu Y, Akdemir A. Synthesis of new 1,2,4-triazole-(thio)semicarbazide hybrid molecules: Their tyrosinase inhibitor activities and molecular docking analysis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100058. [PMID: 33900640 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibition is very important in controlling melanin synthesis. If melanin synthesis is not controlled in metabolism, an unwanted increase in melanin synthesis occurs. As melanin plays a role in the formation of skin color, its unusual levels cause some skin disorders such as pregnancy scars, age spots, and especially skin cancer (melanoma). However, the tyrosinase activity is also related to Parkinson's disease and some neurodegenerative diseases. For all these reasons, the medicinal as well as the cosmetic industries focus on research on tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of skin disorders and some neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, 32 new 1,2,4-triazole-(thio)semicarbazide hybrid molecules (6a-p and 7a-p) were synthesized, starting from 4-amino-1-pentyl-3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-one. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase. The results indicated that 6h, 6m, 6n, and 6p exhibited the most effective inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.00162 ± 0.0109, 0.00166 ± 0.0217, 0.00165 ± 0.019, and 0.00197 ± 0.0063 μM, respectively, compared with kojic acid as the reference drug (IC50 = 14.09 ± 0.02 μM). Also, molecular docking analyses were performed to suggest possible binding poses for the ligands. As a result, derivatives 6h, 6m, 6n, and 6p can be used as promising tyrosinase inhibitor candidates in the medicinal, cosmetics, or food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergün Gultekin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Olcay Bekircan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kolcuoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (Piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as Potent Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: A Biochemical and In Silico Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030656. [PMID: 33513837 PMCID: PMC7866225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by central cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and intellectual decline poses a major public health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Despite several clinically approved drugs and development of anti-Alzheimer’s heterocyclic structural leads, the treatment of AD requires safer hybrid therapeutics with characteristic structural and biochemical properties. In this endeavor, we herein report a microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of quinoline thiosemicarbazones endowed with a piperidine moiety, achieved via the condensation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. The target N-heterocyclic products were isolated in excellent yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). Anti-Alzheimer potential of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The in vitro biochemical assay results revealed several compounds as potent inhibitors of both enzymes. Among them, five compounds exhibited IC50 values less than 20 μM. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazine carbothioamide emerged as the most potent dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 9.68 and 11.59 μM, respectively. Various informative structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses were also concluded indicating the critical role of substitution pattern on the inhibitory efficacy of the tested derivatives. In vitro results were further validated through molecular docking analysis where interactive behavior of the potent inhibitors within the active pocket of enzymes was established. Quinoline thiosemicarbazones were also tested for their cytotoxicity using MTT assay against HepG2 cells. Among the 26 novel compounds, there were five cytotoxical and 18 showed proliferative properties.
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18
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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19
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Zaib S, Khan I. Recent Advances in the Sustainable Synthesis of Quinazolines Using Earth-Abundant First Row Transition Metals. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200726230848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving challenging molecular diversity in contemporary chemical synthesis
remains a formidable hurdle, particularly in the delivery of diversified bioactive heterocyclic
pharmacophores for drug design and pharmaceutical applications. The coupling methods that
combine a diverse range of readily accessible and commercially available pools of substrates
under the action of earth-abundant first row transition metal catalysts have certainly matured
into powerful tools, thus offering sustainable alternatives to revolutionize the organic synthesis.
This minireview highlights the successful utilization of the catalytic ability of the first
row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) in the modular assembly of quinazoline heterocycle,
ubiquitously present in numerous alkaloids, commercial medicines and is associated with a
diverse range of pharmacological activities. The broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance of the
targeted methods were extensively explored, identifying the future strategic advances in the field. The investigation
will also be exemplified with mechanistic studies as long as they are deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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20
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Khan I, Zaib S, Ibrar A. New frontiers in the transition-metal-free synthesis of heterocycles from alkynoates: an overview and current status. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the successful utilization of transition-metal-free approaches for the modular assembly of various heterocycles from alkynoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- University of Central Punjab
- Lahore-54590
- Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- The University of Haripur
- Haripur, KPK-22620
- Pakistan
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21
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A combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the solid-state supramolecular self-assembly of N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-naphthamide: Synthesis, anticholinesterase potential and molecular docking analysis. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Spectroscopic, quantum chemical, molecular docking and in vitro anticancer activity studies on 5-Methoxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Xu M, Peng Y, Zhu L, Wang S, Ji J, Rakesh K. Triazole derivatives as inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease: Current developments and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:656-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Shamsimeymandi R, Pourshojaei Y, Eskandari K, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Abiri A, Khodadadi A, Langarizadeh A, Sharififar F, Amirheidari B, Akbarzadeh T, Lotfian H, Foroumadi A, Asadipour A. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular dynamics of novel cholinesterase inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800352. [PMID: 31136018 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel chroman-4-one derivatives were designed and synthesized successfully with good to excellent yield (3a-l). In addition, the obtained products were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activities. The results show that among the various synthesized compounds, analogs bearing the piperidinyl ethoxy side chain with 4-hydroxybenzylidene on the 3-positions of chroman-4-one (3l) showed the most potent activity with respect to acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE activity; IC50 = 1.18 μM). In addition, the structure-activity relationship was studied and the results revealed that the electron-donating groups on the aryl ring of the 3-benzylidene fragment (3k, 3l) resulted in the designed compounds to be more potent ChE inhibitors in comparison with those having electron-withdrawing groups (3h). In this category, the strongest ChE inhibition was found for the compound containing piperidine as cyclic amine, and a hydroxyl group (for AChE, compound 3l) and fluoro group (for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, compound 3i) on the para-position of the aryl ring of the benzylidene group. The molecular docking and dynamics studies of the most potent compounds (3i and 3l against BuChE and AChE, respectively) demonstrated remarkable interactions with the binding pockets of the ChE enzymes and confirmed the results obtained through in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shamsimeymandi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khalil Eskandari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arash Khodadadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Langarizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hania Lotfian
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asadipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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25
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1603-1706. [PMID: 30604512 DOI: 10.1002/med.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO-A/MAO-B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO-B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical-mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015-2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO-BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO-BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision-making process in the MAOIs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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26
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Ghafary S, Najafi Z, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Nadri H, Edraki N, Ayashi N, Larijani B, Amini M, Mahdavi M. Novel cinnamic acid-tryptamine hybrids as potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800115. [PMID: 30284339 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of cinnamic acid-tryptamine hybrids was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as cholinesterase inhibitors. Anticholinesterase assays showed that all of the synthesized compounds displayed a clearly selective inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), but only a moderate inhibitory effect toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was detected. Among these cinnamic acid-tryptamine hybrids, compound 7d was found to be the most potent inhibitor of BChE with an IC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.04 μM. This compound showed a 14-fold higher inhibitory potency than the standard drug donepezil (IC50 = 7.79 ± 0.81 μM) and inhibited BChE through a mixed-type inhibition mode. Moreover, a docking study revealed that compound 7d binds to both the catalytic anionic site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of BChE. Also, compound 7d was evaluated against β-secretase, which exhibited low activity (inhibition percentage: 38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Ghafary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Ayashi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Shah MS, Najam-Ul-Haq M, Shah HS, Farooq Rizvi SU, Iqbal J. Quinoline containing chalcone derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors and their in silico modeling studies. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:310-317. [PMID: 30142564 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterases (ChEs) play a vital role in regulating cholinergic transmission. Inhibition of ChEs is thought to be an emerging and useful therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders through restoration of acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain (e.g. Alzheimer's disease). To increase the chemical diversity of cholinesterase inhibitors, a series of quinoline chalcones derivatives were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) isoenzymes. All tested compounds (4a-1; 5a-s) exhibited inhibitory activities against AChE and BChE to a considerable extent. Molecular docking studies were performed by using homology models on both AChE and BChE isoenzymes with the aim of exploring probable binding modes of the most potent inhibitor. In order to evaluate drug likeness of newly tested molecules, we carried out in-silico ADME evaluation. All compounds displayed favourable ADME findings which predict good oral bioavailability of these derivatives. Due to an excellent ADME profile the tested compounds were predicted to be safer which can be considered as novel cholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakil Shah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University, Islambad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan; Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed Shah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University, Islambad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan; College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University, Islambad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Developing hybrid molecule therapeutics for diverse enzyme inhibitory action: Active role of coumarin-based structural leads in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3731-3762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Wu G, Gao Y, Kang D, Huang B, Huo Z, Liu H, Poongavanam V, Zhan P, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tacrine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as potent cholinesterase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 9:149-159. [PMID: 30108908 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of 11 novel tacrine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives via a Cu(i)-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibition activity against Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as potential drug targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the designed compounds, compound 8a2 exhibited potent inhibition against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 4.89 μM and 3.61 μM, respectively. Further structure-activity relationship (SAR) and molecular modeling studies may provide valuable insights into the design of better tacrine-triazole analogues with potential therapeutic applications for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology , School of Medicine , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark .
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China . ;
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30
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Soyer Z, Uysal S, Parlar S, Tarikogullari Dogan AH, Alptuzun V. Synthesis and molecular docking studies of some 4-phthalimidobenzenesulfonamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:13-19. [PMID: 27766908 PMCID: PMC6009942 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1226298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-phthalimidobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Structures of the title compounds were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. The cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity studies were carried out using Ellman's colorimetric method. The biological activity results revealed that all of the title compounds (except for compound 8) displayed high selectivity against AChE. Among the tested compounds, compound 7 was found to be the most potent against AChE (IC50= 1.35 ± 0.08 μM), while compound 3 exhibited the highest inhibition against BuChE (IC50= 13.41 ± 0.62 μM). Molecular docking studies of the most active compound 7 in AChE showed that this compound can interact with both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Soyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sirin Uysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sulunay Parlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Vildan Alptuzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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31
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Hiremathad A, Piemontese L. Heterocyclic compounds as key structures for the interaction with old and new targets in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1256-1261. [PMID: 28966636 PMCID: PMC5607816 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is widely recognized as a real social problem. In fact, only five drugs are FDA approved for the therapy of this widespread neurodegenerative disease, but with low results so far. Three of them (rivastigmine, donepezil and galantamine) are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, whereas the fifth formulation is a combination of donepezil with memantine. The prevention and treatment of AD is the new challenge for pharmaceutical industry, as well as for public institutions, physicians, patients, and their families. The discovery of a new and safe way to cure this neurodegenerative disease is urgent and should not be delayed further. Because of the multiple origin of this pathology, a multi-target strategy is currently strongly pursued by researchers. In this review, we have discussed new structures designed to better the activity on the classical AD targets. We have also examined old and new potential drugs that could prove useful future for the therapy of the pathology by acting on innovative, not usual, and not yet fully explored targets like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore, India
| | - Luca Piemontese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia–Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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32
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Dual inhibitors of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases for Alzheimer’s disease. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:811-832. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a solid relationship between several enzymes and Alzheimer’s disease. Cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases are closely associated with the disease symptomatology and progression and have been tackled simultaneously using several multifunctional ligands. This design strategy offers great chances to alter the course of Alzheimer’s disease, in addition to alleviation of the symptoms. More than 15 years of research has led to the identification of various dual cholinesterase/monoamine oxidase inhibitors, while some showing positive outcomes in clinical trials, thus giving rise to additional research efforts in the field. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the novel dual inhibitors identified recently and to shed light on their therapeutic potential.
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33
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Symmetrical aryl linked bis-iminothiazolidinones as new chemical entities for the inhibition of monoamine oxidases: Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling analysis. Bioorg Chem 2017; 70:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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34
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Abid SMA, Aslam S, Zaib S, Bakht SM, Ahmad M, Athar MM, Gardiner JM, Iqbal J. Pyrazolobenzothiazine-based carbothioamides as new structural leads for the inhibition of monoamine oxidases: design, synthesis, in vitro bioevaluation and molecular docking studies. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:452-464. [PMID: 30108763 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00570e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of pyrazolobenzothiazine-based carbothioamides (3a-o and 4a-o) were synthesized using saccharin as the starting material. The synthesized derivatives were investigated for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidases (MAO). Compound 3b was found to be a very potent MAO-A inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.003 ± 0.0007 μM, while compound 4d was the most effective inhibitor of MAO-B having an IC50 value of 0.02 ± 0.001 μM. Molecular docking studies were performed to identify the probable binding modes in the active site of the monoamine oxidase enzymes. The synthetic and computational investigations in the current work suggested that these newly identified inhibitors may serve as a powerful starting point for the exploration and optimization of potential therapeutic agents targeting Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mobasher Ali Abid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad-22060 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +92 992 383591 96
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry , Government College Women University , Faisalabad-38000 , Pakistan.,Institute of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad-22060 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +92 992 383591 96
| | - Syeda Mahwish Bakht
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad-22060 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +92 992 383591 96
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad-38000 , Pakistan
| | | | - John M Gardiner
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , University of Manchester , Manchester M1 7DN , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4530
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad-22060 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +92 992 383591 96
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35
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Khan I, Zaib S, Batool S, Abbas N, Ashraf Z, Iqbal J, Saeed A. Quinazolines and quinazolinones as ubiquitous structural fragments in medicinal chemistry: An update on the development of synthetic methods and pharmacological diversification. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2361-2381. [PMID: 27112448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich heterocycles, particularly quinazolines and quinazolinones, represent a unique class of diversified frameworks displaying a broad spectrum of biological functions. Over the past several years, intensive medicinal chemistry efforts have generated numerous structurally functionalized quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives. Interest in expanding the biological effects, demonstrated by these motifs, is growing exponentially, as indicated by the large number of publications reporting the easy accessibility of these skeletons in addition to the diverse nature of synthetic as well as biological applications. Therefore, the main focus of the present review is to provide an ample but condensed overview on various synthetic approaches providing access to quinazoline and quinazolinone compounds with multifaceted biological activities. Furthermore, mechanistic insights, synthetic utilization, structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling inputs for the potent derivatives have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan; Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Batool
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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36
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Ibrar A, Zaib S, Jabeen F, Iqbal J, Saeed A. Unraveling the Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibition, Anticancer, and Antileishmanial Potential of Coumarin-Triazolothiadiazine Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Analysis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:553-65. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Farukh Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
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37
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Vila N, Besada P, Viña D, Sturlese M, Moro S, Terán C. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives as novel cholinesterase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of donepezil analogues based on phthalazin-1(2H)-one scaffold was studied as hChEIs. The biological results revealed that the structural modifications proposed significantly affected ChE inhibitory potency as well as selectivity AChE/BuChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Vila
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación biomédica (IBI)
| | - Pedro Besada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación biomédica (IBI)
| | - Dolores Viña
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- Padova
- Italy
| | - Carmen Terán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
- Instituto de Investigación biomédica (IBI)
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38
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Khan MUH, Hameed S, Farman M, Al-Masoudi NA, Stoeckli-Evans H. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and molecular modeling study of 3-aryl-6-adamantylmethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of novel 3-aryl-6-adamantylmethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 6a–l were synthesized by a simple method with the aim of developing novel HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds were structurally confirmed by spectral analyses. The structure of 6a was unambiguously verified by X-ray structure determination. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity and four analogs displayed moderate inhibitory activity with EC50 values ranging from 10.10 to 12.40 μg mL–1. Molecular docking of 6g with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was studied to rationalize some structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Najim A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Helen Stoeckli-Evans
- Institute of Physics, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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39
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Ibrar A, Zaib S, Khan I, Jabeen F, Iqbal J, Saeed A. Facile and expedient access to bis-coumarin–iminothiazole hybrids by molecular hybridization approach: synthesis, molecular modelling and assessment of alkaline phosphatase inhibition, anticancer and antileishmanial potential. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14900b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new cytotoxic bis-coumarin–iminothiazole hybrids was developed as potential inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
| | - Farukh Jabeen
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- USA
- Center for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
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