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Nano Yttrium-90 and Rhenium-188 production through medium medical cyclotron and research reactor for therapeutic usages: A Simulation study. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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New Bioconjugated Technetium and Rhenium Folates Synthesized by Transmetallation Reaction with Zinc Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082373. [PMID: 33921789 PMCID: PMC8074163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc dithiocarbamates functionalized with folic acid 2Zn and 3Zn were synthesized with a simple straightforward method, using an appropriated folic acid derivative and a functionalized zinc dithiocarbamate (1Zn). Zinc complexes 2Zn and 3Zn show very low solubilities in water, making them useful for preparing Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals with a potentially high molar activity. Thus, the transmetallation reaction in water medium between the zinc complexes 2Zn or 3Zn and the cation fac-[99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+, in the presence of the monodentate ligand TPPTS, leads to the formation of the 2 + 1 complexes fac-[99mTc(CO)3(SS)(P)] bioconjugated to folic acid (2Tc and 3Tc). In spite of the low solubility of 2Zn and 3Zn in water, the reaction yield is higher than 95%, and the excess zinc reagent is easily removed by centrifugation. The Tc-99m complexes were characterized by comparing their HPLC with those of the homologous rhenium complexes (2Re and 3Re) previously synthesized and characterized by standard methods. Preliminary in vivo studies with 2Tc and 3Tc indicate low specific binding to folate receptors. In summary, Tc-99m folates 2Tc and 3Tc were prepared in high yields, using a one-pot transmetallation reaction with low soluble zinc dithiocarbamates (>1 ppm), at moderate temperature, without needing a subsequent purification step.
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Chakravarty R, Bahadur J, Lohar S, Jadhav S, Sen D, Chakraborty S. Mechanochemically synthesized mesoporous alumina: a smart new-generation sorbent for preparation of chromatographic 188W/188Re generator. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In an effort towards affordable availability of chromatographic 188W/188Re generators for widespread clinical use, we report the mechanochemical synthesis of mesoporous alumina as an advanced sorbent material for preparation of the generator. The synthesized material exhibits remarkably high sorption capacity (550 ± 12 mg W/g), which is adequate for preparation of clinical-scale generators using low specific activity (LSA) 188W produced in medium flux research reactors. Sorption of 188W in mesoporous alumina follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics, indicating that the process is chemisorption. A clinical-scale (~ 14.0 GBq) 188W/188Re generator was developed and its performance was evaluated over a period of 6 months. Rhenium-188 could be consistently obtained from the generator with high yield (> 80%) and it met all the requirements for clinical use. The present strategy is expected to increase the scope of separation chemistry for availing clinical-grade 188Re for the benefit of millions of cancer patients world over.
Graphic abstract
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Radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added 186Re from proton irradiated tungsten target. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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do Carmo SJC, Scott PJH, Alves F. Production of radiometals in liquid targets. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:2. [PMID: 31925619 PMCID: PMC6954154 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, the use of radiometals has gained increasing relevance in supporting the continuous development of new, complementary and more specific biological targeting agents. Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with radiometals from elements such as Tc, Zr, Y, Ga and Cu received increasing attention as they find application in both diagnostic SPECT and PET imaging techniques and radiotherapeutic purposes. Such interest stems from the wide variety of radionuclides available with distinct and complementary nuclear decay characteristics to choose from with unequalled specificity, but can also be explained by growing demand in targeted radionuclide therapy. As a result, as routine supply of these radiometals becomes mandatory, studies describing their production processes have expanded rapidly. Although most radiometals are traditionally provided by the irradiation of solid targets in specialized cyclotrons, recently developed techniques for producing radiometals through the irradiation of liquid targets have received growing attention due to compatibility with commonly available small medical cyclotrons, promising characteristics and encouraging results. Irradiating liquid targets to produce radiometals appears as a fast, reliable, convenient and cost-efficient alternative to the conventional solid target techniques, characterized by complex and time-consuming pre- and post-irradiation target handling. Production of radiometals in liquid targets incorporated to complete manufacturing processes for daily routine is already recognized as a viable alternative and complementary supply methodology to existing solid target based infrastructures to satisfy growing clinical demands. For instance, several sites already use the approach to produce 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals for clinical use. This review article covers the production of common radiometals with clinical potential through the irradiation liquid targets. A comparison with the traditional solid target irradiation methods is presented when relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J C do Carmo
- ICNAS - Produção, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Francisco Alves
- ICNAS - Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,IPC - Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, 3046-854, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Lepareur N, Lacœuille F, Bouvry C, Hindré F, Garcion E, Chérel M, Noiret N, Garin E, Knapp FFR. Rhenium-188 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals: Current Clinical Applications in Oncology and Promising Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31259173 PMCID: PMC6587137 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a high energy beta-emitting radioisotope with a short 16.9 h physical half-life, which has been shown to be a very attractive candidate for use in therapeutic nuclear medicine. The high beta emission has an average energy of 784 keV and a maximum energy of 2.12 MeV, sufficient to penetrate and destroy targeted abnormal tissues. In addition, the low-abundant gamma emission of 155 keV (15%) is efficient for imaging and for dosimetric calculations. These key characteristics identify 188Re as an important therapeutic radioisotope for routine clinical use. Moreover, the highly reproducible on-demand availability of 188Re from the 188W/188Re generator system is an important feature and permits installation in hospital-based or central radiopharmacies for cost-effective availability of no-carrier-added (NCA) 188Re. Rhenium-188 and technetium-99 m exhibit similar chemical properties and represent a “theranostic pair.” Thus, preparation and targeting of 188Re agents for therapy is similar to imaging agents prepared with 99mTc, the most commonly used diagnostic radionuclide. Over the last three decades, radiopharmaceuticals based on 188Re-labeled small molecules, including peptides, antibodies, Lipiodol and particulates have been reported. The successful application of these 188Re-labeled therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals has been reported in multiple early phase clinical trials for the management of various primary tumors, bone metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and endocoronary interventions. This article reviews the use of 188Re-radiopharmaceuticals which have been investigated in patients for cancer treatment, demonstrating that 188Re represents a cost effective alternative for routine clinical use in comparison to more expensive and/or less readily available therapeutic radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lepareur
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes Inra, Inserm, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer)-UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Lacœuille
- Angers University Hospital Angers, France.,Univ Angers Univ Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, CRCINA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers)-UMR 1232, ERL 6001, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Bouvry
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - François Hindré
- Univ Angers Univ Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, CRCINA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers)-UMR 1232, ERL 6001, Nantes, France.,Univ Angers PRIMEX (Plateforme de Radiobiologie et d'Imagerie EXperimentale), Angers, France
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- Univ Angers Univ Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, CRCINA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers)-UMR 1232, ERL 6001, Nantes, France.,Univ Angers PRIMEX (Plateforme de Radiobiologie et d'Imagerie EXperimentale), Angers, France
| | - Michel Chérel
- Univ Angers Univ Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, CRCINA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers)-UMR 1232, ERL 6001, Nantes, France.,ICO (Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest) Comprehensive Cancer Center René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nicolas Noiret
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes, France.,ENSCR (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes) Rennes, France
| | - Etienne Garin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes Inra, Inserm, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer)-UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - F F Russ Knapp
- Emeritus Medical Radioisotopes Program, ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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Esquinas PL, Shinto A, Kamaleshwaran KK, Joseph J, Celler A. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and organ-level dosimetry for 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol radioembolization based on quantitative post-treatment SPECT/CT scans. EJNMMI Phys 2018; 5:30. [PMID: 30523435 PMCID: PMC6283804 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-018-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhenium-188-labelled-Lipiodol radioembolization is a safe and cost-effective treatment for primary liver cancer. In order to determine correlations between treatment doses and patient response to therapy, accurate patient-specific dosimetry is required. Up to date, the reported dosimetry of 188Re-Lipiodol has been based on whole-body (WB) planar imaging only, which has limited quantitative accuracy. The aim of the present study is to determine the in vivo pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution, and organ-level dosimetry of 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol radioembolization using a combination of post-treatment planar and quantitative SPECT/CT images. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the pharmacokinetic data, a practical and relatively simple imaging and dosimetry method that could be implemented in clinics for 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol radioembolization is proposed. Thirteen patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma underwent 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol radioembolization. A series of 2–3 WB planar images and one SPECT/CT scan were acquired over 48 h after the treatment. The time-integrated activity coefficients (TIACs, also known as residence-times) and absorbed doses of tumors and organs at risk (OARs) were determined using a hybrid WB/SPECT imaging method. Results Whole-body imaging showed that 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol accumulated mostly in the tumor and liver tissue but a non-negligible amount of the pharmaceutical was also observed in the stomach, lungs, salivary glands, spleen, kidneys, and urinary bladder. On average, the measured effective half-life of 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol was 12.5 ± 1.9 h in tumor. The effective half-life in the liver and lungs (the two organs at risk) was 12.6 ± 1.7 h and 12.0 ± 1.9 h, respectively. The presence of 188Re in other organs was probably due to the chemical separation and subsequent release of the free radionuclide from Lipiodol. The average doses per injected activity in the tumor, liver, and lungs were 23.5 ± 40.8 mGy/MBq, 2.12 ± 1.78 mGy/MBq, and 0.11 ± 0.05 mGy/MBq, respectively. The proposed imaging and dosimetry method, consisting of a single SPECT/CT for activity determination followed by 188Re-AHDD-Lipiodol clearance with the liver effective half-life of 12.6 h, resulted in TIACs estimates (and hence, doses) mostly within ± 20% from the reference TIACs (estimated using three WB images and one SPECT/CT). Conclusions The large inter-patient variability of the absorbed doses in tumors and normal tissue in 188Re-HDD-Lipiodol radioembolization patients emphasizes the importance of patient-specific dosimetry calculations based on quantitative post-treatment SPECT/CT imaging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40658-018-0227-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Esquinas
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Medical Imaging Research Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ajit Shinto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jephy Joseph
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anna Celler
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Medical Imaging Research Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Scales N, Chen J, Aughterson RD, Karatchevtseva I, Stopic A, Lumpkin GR, Luca V. Porous ZrC-carbon microspheres as potential insoluble target matrices for production of 188W/188Re. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumar C, Sharma R, Vats K, Mallia MB, Das T, Sarma HD, Dash A. Comparison of the efficacy of 177Lu-EDTMP, 177Lu-DOTMP and 188Re-HEDP towards bone osteosarcoma: an in vitro study. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Esquinas PL, Uribe CF, Gonzalez M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Häfeli UO, Celler A. Accuracy of Rhenium-188 SPECT/CT activity quantification for applications in radionuclide therapy using clinical reconstruction methods. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:6379-6396. [PMID: 28726679 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The main applications of 188Re in radionuclide therapies include trans-arterial liver radioembolization and palliation of painful bone-metastases. In order to optimize 188Re therapies, the accurate determination of radiation dose delivered to tumors and organs at risk is required. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used to perform such dosimetry calculations. However, the accuracy of dosimetry estimates strongly depends on the accuracy of activity quantification in 188Re images. In this study, we performed a series of phantom experiments aiming to investigate the accuracy of activity quantification for 188Re SPECT using high-energy and medium-energy collimators. Objects of different shapes and sizes were scanned in Air, non-radioactive water (Cold-water) and water with activity (Hot-water). The ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm with clinically available corrections (CT-based attenuation, triple-energy window (TEW) scatter and resolution recovery was used). For high activities, the dead-time corrections were applied. The accuracy of activity quantification was evaluated using the ratio of the reconstructed activity in each object to this object's true activity. Each object's activity was determined with three segmentation methods: a 1% fixed threshold (for cold background), a 40% fixed threshold and a CT-based segmentation. Additionally, the activity recovered in the entire phantom, as well as the average activity concentration of the phantom background were compared to their true values. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations of a commercial [Formula: see text]-camera were performed to investigate the accuracy of the TEW method. Good quantification accuracy (errors <10%) was achieved for the entire phantom, the hot-background activity concentration and for objects in cold background segmented with a 1% threshold. However, the accuracy of activity quantification for objects segmented with 40% threshold or CT-based methods decreased (errors >15%), mostly due to partial-volume effects. The Monte-Carlo simulations confirmed that TEW-scatter correction applied to 188Re, although practical, yields only approximate estimates of the true scatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Esquinas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Sharma R, Kumar C, Mallia MB, Kameswaran M, Sarma HD, Banerjee S, Dash A. In Vitro Evaluation of 188Re-HEDP: A Mechanistic View of Bone Pain Palliations. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:184-191. [PMID: 28598690 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is common in advanced stages of various cancers, particularly of the prostate and breast carcinoma. 188Re-HEDP (1-hydroxyethane 1, 1-diphosphonic acid) is a clinically established radiopharmaceutical for bone pain palliation of osseous metastasis, and it takes advantage of high bone affinity. The present work aims at elucidating the possible mechanisms of cell killing by 188Re-HEDP in osteosarcoma cells and biodistribution studies in mice.188Re-HEDP complex was prepared by using lyophilized HEDP kits prepared in-house. In vitro cellular uptake in mineralized bone matrix was found to be 13.41% ± 0.46% (at 2 hours), which was reduced to 2.44% ± 0.12% in the presence of excess amounts of unlabeled HEDP ligand. Uptake of 188Re-HEDP in bones of normal Swiss mice in vivo and mineralized bone in vitro indicated its affinity toward the bone matrix. The study also revealed that cellular toxicity and G2/M cell cycle arrest were dose dependent. At higher doses, G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed, which might be the major cause of cell death and a possible mechanism of bone pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Madhava B Mallia
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Haladhar D Sarma
- 2 Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- 3 Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- 1 Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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Esquinas PL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Carlos De La Vega J, Bokharaei M, Saatchi K, Shirmohammad M, Häfeli UO, Sossi V, Celler A. 188Re image performance assessment using small animal multi-pinhole SPECT/PET/CT system. Phys Med 2017; 33:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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