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Rawool SA, Pai MR, Banerjee AM, Nath S, Bapat RD, Sharma RK, Jagannath, Dutta B, Hassan PA, Tripathi AK. Superior Interfacial Contact Yields Efficient Electron Transfer Rate and Enhanced Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation in M/C 3N 4 Schottky Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39926-39945. [PMID: 37556210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Various literature studies (Table 6) have reported that dispersion of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (M/CN) has considerably improved the photocatalytic hydrogen yield. It is understood that metal NPs create active sites on the surface of CN and act as a cocatalyst. However, the precise changes induced by different metal NPs on the surface of CN still elude us. Here, we report a thorough understanding and comparison of the morphology, metal-support interactions, interfacial charge transfer kinetics, and band characteristics in different M/CN (M = Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu) correlated with photocatalytic activity. Among all metals, Pt/CN was found to be the best performer both under sunlight and UV-visible irradiation. Under sunlight, maximum H2@ 2.7 mmol/h/g was observed over Pt/CN followed by Pd/CN > Au/CN > Ag/CN > Cu/CN ≈ CN. The present study revealed that among all metals, Pt formed superior interfacial contact with g-C3N4 as compared to other metals. The maximum Schottky barrier height (Φb,Pt) of 0.66 V was observed at Pt/CN followed by Φb,Au/CN (0.46 V) and Φb,Pd/CN (0.05 V). The presence of electron-deficient Pt in Pt-XPS, decrease in the intensity of d-DOS of Pt near the Fermi level in VB-XPS, increase in CB tail states, and cathodic shift in Vfb in MS plots sufficiently confirmed strong metal-support interactions in Pt/CN. Due to the SPR effect, Au and Ag NPs suffered from agglomeration and poor dispersion during photodeposition. Finely dispersed Pt NPs (2-4 nm, 53% dispersion) successfully competed with shallow/deep trap states and drove the photogenerated electrons to active metallic sites in a drastically reduced time period as investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Typically, an interfacial electron transfer rate, KIET,avg, of 2.5 × 1010 s-1 was observed for Pt/CN, while 0.087 × 1010 s-1 was observed in Au/CN. Band alignment/potentials at M/CN Schottky junctions were derived and most favorable in Pt/CN with CB tail states much above the water reduction potential; however, in the case of Pd, these extend much below the H+/H2 potential and hence behave like deep trap states. Thus, in Pd/CN (τ0 = 4200 ps, 49%) and Ag/CN (3870 ps, 53%), electron deep trapping dominates over charge transfer to active sites. The present study will help in designing futuristic new cocatalyst-photocatalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma A Rawool
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - Mrinal R Pai
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - A M Banerjee
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - S Nath
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - R D Bapat
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra India
| | - R K Sharma
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagannath
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - B Dutta
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
| | - P A Hassan
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
| | - A K Tripathi
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra India
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Sachin Kumar B, Tarafder K, Shetty AR, Hegde AC, Gudla VC, Ambat R, Kalpathy SK, Anandhan S. Polymorph nickel titanate nanofibers as bifunctional electrocatalysts towards hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12684-12698. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rationality between the morphology and composition of spinel and ilmenite polymorphs helps in the design of electrodes from nickel titanate nanofibers for bifunctional electrocatalytic water-splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Sachin Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
| | - Kartick Tarafder
- Department of Physics
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
| | - Akshatha R. Shetty
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
| | - A. Chitharanjan Hegde
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
| | - Visweswara C. Gudla
- Section of Materials and Surface Technology
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- Dk-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Rajan Ambat
- Section of Materials and Surface Technology
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- Dk-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Sreeram K. Kalpathy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - S. Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Mangalore 575025
- India
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Wang L, Gao J, Wu B, Kan K, Xu S, Xie Y, Li L, Shi K. Designed Synthesis of In₂O₃ Beads@TiO₂-In₂O₃ Composite Nanofibers for High Performance NO₂ Sensor at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27152-9. [PMID: 26579939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous single crystal In2O3 beads@TiO2-In2O3 composite nanofibers (TINFs) have been prepared via a facile electrospinning method. The beads were formed because of the existence of hemimicelles in pecursor solution. The formation of hemimicelles was attributed to the synergy of tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Abundant In(3+) ions were drawn toward the ketonic oxygen of PVP resulting in In(3+) ions aggregation. Compared with pristine In2O3 nanofibers (INFs), the as-prepared TINFs exhibited excellent properties for sensing NO2 gas at room temperature (25 °C). The enhanced sensing property was due to much absorbed oxygen and Schottky junctions between the porous single crystal In2O3 beads and the Au electrode of the sensor. The strategy for combining the unique In2O3 beads@TiO2-In2O3 nanofibers structure which possessed superior conductivity and sufficient electrons with the addition of TiO2 offered an innovation to enhance the gas sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Kan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Murali A, Gurusamy-Thangavelu SA, Jaisankar SN, Mandal AB. Enhancement of the physicochemical properties of polyurethane–perovskite nanocomposites via addition of nickel titanate nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17922j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite is integrated by in situ addition with polyurethane (PU) to form unprecedented nanocomposite films (~1.5 mm). Trace amount of NiTiO3 NPs (0.5 wt%) has been added to enhance the physicochemical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
| | - Senthil A. Gurusamy-Thangavelu
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
| | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
- Chemical Laboratory
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