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Yarahmadi A, Heidari S, Sepahvand P, Afkhami H, Kheradjoo H. Microplastics and environmental effects: investigating the effects of microplastics on aquatic habitats and their impact on human health. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1411389. [PMID: 38912266 PMCID: PMC11191580 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1411389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are particles with a diameter of <5 mm. The disposal of plastic waste into the environment poses a significant and pressing issue concern globally. Growing worry has been expressed in recent years over the impact of MPs on both human health and the entire natural ecosystem. MPs impact the feeding and digestive capabilities of marine organisms, as well as hinder the development of plant roots and leaves. Numerous studies have shown that the majority of individuals consume substantial quantities of MPs either through their dietary intake or by inhaling them. MPs have been identified in various human biological samples, such as lungs, stool, placenta, sputum, breast milk, liver, and blood. MPs can cause various illnesses in humans, depending on how they enter the body. Healthy and sustainable ecosystems depend on the proper functioning of microbiota, however, MPs disrupt the balance of microbiota. Also, due to their high surface area compared to their volume and chemical characteristics, MPs act as pollutant absorbers in different environments. Multiple policies and initiatives exist at both the domestic and global levels to mitigate pollution caused by MPs. Various techniques are currently employed to remove MPs, such as biodegradation, filtration systems, incineration, landfill disposal, and recycling, among others. In this review, we will discuss the sources and types of MPs, the presence of MPs in different environments and food, the impact of MPs on human health and microbiota, mechanisms of pollutant adsorption on MPs, and the methods of removing MPs with algae and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Sepahvand
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Lee A, Choe JK, Zoh KD, Lee C, Choi Y. Development of ionic-liquid-impregnated activated carbon for sorptive removal of PFAS in drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141872. [PMID: 38570046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Adsorption of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on activated carbon (AC) is considerably hindered by the surface water constituents, degrading the ability of the AC adsorption process to remove PFAS in drinking water treatment. Herein, we developed ionic-liquid-impregnated AC (IL/AC) as an alternative to AC for PFAS sorption and demonstrated its performance with real surface water for the first time. Ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL(C2)) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL(C6)) were selected from among 272 different ILs using the conductor-like screening model for realistic solvents (COSMO-RS) simulation. Impregnation of the ILs in AC was verified using various analytical techniques. Although the synthesized IL/ACs were less effective than pristine AC in treating PFAS in deionized water, their performances were less impacted by the surface water constituents, resulting in comparable or sometimes better performances than pristine AC for treating PFAS in surface water. The removal efficiencies of 10 wt% IL(C6)/AC for six PFAS were 1.40-1.96 times higher than those of pristine AC in a surface water sample containing 2.6 mg/L dissolved organic carbon and millimolar-level divalent cation concentration. PFAS partitioning from the surface water to ILs was not hindered by dissolved organic matter and was enhanced by the divalent cations, indicating the advantages of IL/ACs for treating significant amounts of PFAS in water. The synthesized IL/ACs were effective at treating coexisting pharmaceutical and personal-care products in surface water, showcasing their versatility for treating a broad range of water micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleum Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Choe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zango ZU, Ethiraj B, Al-Mubaddel FS, Alam MM, Lawal MA, Kadir HA, Khoo KS, Garba ZN, Usman F, Zango MU, Lim JW. An overview on human exposure, toxicity, solid-phase microextraction and adsorptive removal of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) from water matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116102. [PMID: 37196688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are sub-class of perfluoroalkyl substances commonly detected in water matrices. They are persistent in the environment, hence highly toxic to living organisms. Their occurrence at trace amount, complex nature and prone to matrix interference make their extraction and detection a challenge. This study consolidates current advancements in solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques for the trace-level analysis of PFCAs from water matrices. The advantages of the methods in terms of ease of applications, low-cost, robustness, low solvents consumption, high pre-concentration factors, better extraction efficiency, good selectivity and recovery of the analytes have been emphasized. The article also demonstrated effectiveness of some porous materials for the adsorptive removal of the PFCAs from the water matrices. Mechanisms of the SPE/adsorption techniques have been discussed. The success and limitations of the processes have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria; Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria.
| | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Fahad S Al-Mubaddel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia; Fellow, King Abdullah City for Renewable and Atomic Energy: Energy Research and Innovation Center, (ERIC), Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haliru Aivada Kadir
- Department of Quality Assurance and Control, Dangote Cement Plc, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | - Fahad Usman
- Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Muttaqa Uba Zango
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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Sahu O. Remediation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with nano ceramic clay: Synthesis, characterization, scale-up and regenerations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121241. [PMID: 36764378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the ecosystem, resulting from industrial effluent and water bodies, has attracted greater concern. An economical treatment is in demand to optimize the current issue. In this research work, Perfluorooctanoic Acid was treated from drinking water sources with nano-ceramic clay. The ceramic clay was synthesized and characterized with Fourier infrared transformation, scanning electron micrograph, transmission electron micrograph, x-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. An adsorption process was performed in batch and continuous modes for the effective conditions for maximum removal. In batch mode 82 ± 12 nm ceramic clay particle size; 3.0 initial pH; 210 rpm agitation 1.2 mg/L PFOA concentration; 100 mg/L clay dosage; 27 °C temperature, and 20hrs experimental time shows maximum 99.15% adsorption. The experimental data is well fitted with kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics calculated data. In fixed bed, continuous column study 10 h treatment time, 10 cm of bed height, and 2 ml/min were adsorbed 99.99% of PFOA. The experimental data from the fixed bed adsorption equipment was correlated using a number of different mathematical models, including the Thomas, Adams-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson, and Clark models. Overall nano ceramic clay was found to potential adsorbent for Perfluorooctanoic acid removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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Adegoke KA, Adu FA, Oyebamiji AK, Bamisaye A, Adigun RA, Olasoji SO, Ogunjinmi OE. Microplastics toxicity, detection, and removal from water/wastewater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114546. [PMID: 36640497 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The world has witnessed massive and preeminent microplastics (MPs) pollution in water bodies due to the inevitable continuous production of plastics for various advantageous chemical and mechanical features. Plastic pollution, particularly contamination by MPs (plastic particles having a diameter lesser than 5 mm), has been a rising environmental concern in recent years due to the inappropriate disposal of plastic trash. This study presents the recent advancements in different technologies for MPs removal in order to gain proper insight into their strengths and weaknesses, thereby orchestrating the preparation for innovation in the field. The production, origin, and global complexity of MPs were discussed. This study also reveals MPs' mode of transportation, its feedstock polymers, toxicities, detection techniques, and the conventional removal strategies of MPs from contaminated systems. Modification of conventional methods vis-à-vis new materials/techniques and other emerging technologies, such as magnetic extraction and sol-gel technique with detailed mechanistic information for the removal of MPs are presented in this study. Conclusively, some future research outlooks for advancing the MPs removal technologies/materials for practical realization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Adesina Adegoke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Folasade Abimbola Adu
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Abayomi Bamisaye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Rasheed Adewale Adigun
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Fountain University, P. M. B. 4491, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Lei X, Lian Q, Zhang X, Wang T, Gee M, Holmes W, Jin S, Ponnusamy SK, Gang DD, Zappi ME. Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid via polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide: Effects of water matrices and understanding mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136379. [PMID: 36088978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) onto polyethyleneimine modified graphene oxide (GO-PEI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity was significantly improved by doping polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto graphene oxide (GO). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm model was considered as the best isotherm model in describing the PFOA adsorption onto GO-PEI3 (wPEI/wGO = 3). GO-PEI3 exhibited high adsorption capacity (qe = 368.2 mg/g, calculated from BET isotherm model) and excellent stability. The maximum monolayer amount of PFOA adsorption onto GO-PEI3 (qm = 231.2 mg/g) was successfully evaluated. The calculated saturated concentration (Cs = 169.9 mg/L) of PFOA on GO-PEI3 closely agrees with its critical micelle concentration (CMC = 157.0 mg/L), suggesting the formation of multilayer hemi-micelles or micelles PFOA structures on the surface of GO-PEI3. PFOA adsorption onto GO-PEI3 was inhibited by several factors including: the presence of humic acid (HA) by competing with the adsorption sites, background salts through the double-layer compression effect, and the competition from soluble ions for the amine or amide functional groups on GO-PEI3. Finally, both the FT-IR and XPS results confirmed that the adsorption of PFOA onto GO-PEI3 was through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction (physical adsorption), but not chemical adsorption. This work provides fundamental knowledge both in understanding the adsorption behavior through the BET isotherm model and in developing a stable adsorbent for PFOA adsorption. In addition, the findings highlight the potential of PFOA remediation from wastewater systems using GO-PEI in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuancun, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang, 473000, PR China
| | - Michael Gee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William Holmes
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA.
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
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Li Q, Zhu S, Chen F, Guo C. Functional group modified 1D interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks on perfluorooctanoic acid adsorption: Experimental and theoretical calculation study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113083. [PMID: 35276196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional groups modified metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was synthesized via a pre-tailor method and served as an adsorbent for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal. The material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 sorption-desorption. Monte Carlo simulation and molecular dynamics are derived to predict the possible molecular packing and adsorption mechanism. The Hirshfeld surface with reduced density gradient analysis demonstrates that PFOA is adsorbed on MOF-X mainly affected by van der Waals interactions and steric effects. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were investigated on the basis of a static experiment. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm were fitted well to characterize adsorption process. Hereinto, amino-modified MOFs reached the highest adsorption efficiency and the maximum capacity was 185.6 mg/g. Combing the experimental data with theoretical simulation, results indicated that functional group modification is an effective approach to alter the crystal structure and then affect the adsorptive properties of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China
| | - Simin Zhu
- China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing, 102200, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China.
| | - Chunxian Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China; Jiangsu Laboratory for Biochemical Sensing and Biochip, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology & Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, PR China.
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Novel Fluorinated Nitrogen-Rich Porous Organic Polymer for Efficient Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid from Water. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mobility, durability, and widespread use of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), bring about serious contamination of many ground and surface waters. In this study, fluorine and amine-functionalized porous organic polymer (POP-4F) was designed and successfully synthesized as an adsorbent for PFOA removal in water. The characterization results showed that the synthesized material had an amorphous microporous structure, and the BET surface area was up to 479 m2 g−1. Its versatile adsorption property was evaluated by batch adsorption experiments using PFOA as a probe. The experiments show that the polymer was able to remove 98% of the PFOA in 5 min from water and then desorb within 3 min in methanol ([PFOA]0 = 1 mg L−1; [POP-4F] = 200 mg L−1). Specifically, the adsorption capacity of POP-4F is up to 107 mg g−1, according to the Langmuir fit. The rapid adsorption and desorption of PFOA by POP-4F offers the possibility of economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment of real wastewater.
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Recent advances in applications of hybrid natural polymers as adsorbent for perfluorinated compounds removal – review paper. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tang Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhao J, He S, Yang C, Zhang T, Tang C, Zhang C, Yang Z. A review: Research progress on microplastic pollutants in aquatic environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142572. [PMID: 33183825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous problems of microplastics in waters are receiving global attention as microplastics can harm aquatic organisms, and finally can accumulate in the human body through biological chain amplification. In addition, microplastics act as a carrier capable of carrying heavy metals, organics, which form complex pollutants. These new combinations of pollutants, once ingested by aquatic organisms, are amplified through the food chain and can have unpredictable ramifications for aquatic organisms and human beings. Therefore, human beings are not only the source of plastic pollution, but also the sink of microplastic pollution. Therefore, this study reviews the source and distribution of microplastics, and their combined ability with heavy metals, antibiotics, and persistent organic pollutants in aquatic environments. Furthermore, it describes the interaction between aquatic organisms and microplastics. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainable application of microplastics. This work provides theoretical guidance for combining microplastics with other pollutants in water, and the accumulation of microplastics in food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Architecture, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- School of Architecture, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shaoyao He
- School of Architecture, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Qingyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Service Center, Guangdong Province, Qingyuan 511500, PR China
| | - Chunfang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Zisong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment of Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan 623002, PR China
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Joo SH, Liang Y, Kim M, Byun J, Choi H. Microplastics with adsorbed contaminants: Mechanisms and Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 3:100042. [PMID: 37521158 PMCID: PMC9767417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has been a significant and widespread global issue, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has been attributed to its worsening effect as plastics have been contaminated with the deadly infectious virus. Microplastics (MPs) may have played a role as a vector that carries hazardous microbes such as emerging bacterial threats (i.e. antibiotic resistant bacteria) and deadly viruses (e.g., coronavirus); this causes great concern over microplastics contaminated with emerging contaminants. Mitigation and treatment of MPs are challenging because of a range of factors including but not limited to physicochemical properties and composition of MPs and pH and salinity of the solution. Despite the heterogeneous nature of aquatic systems, research has overlooked interactions between contaminants and MPs under environmental conditions, degradation pathways of MPs with adsorbed contaminants, and, especially, the role of adsorbed contaminants in the efficiency of MP treatment through membrane filtration, in comparison with other treatment methods. This review aims to (1) analyze an assortment of factors that could influence the removal of MPs and mechanisms of contaminant adsorption on MPs, (2) identify mechanisms influencing membrane filtration of MPs, (3) examine the fate and transport of MPs with adsorbed contaminants, (4) evaluate membrane filtration of contaminant-adsorbing MPs in comparison to other treatment methods, and (5) draw conclusions and the future outlook based on a literature analysis.
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Key Words
- Adsorption mechanisms
- Contaminants
- DDT, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
- DM, dynamic membrane
- EDCs, endocrine-disrupting compounds
- FOSA or PFOSA, perfluorooctane sulfonamide
- GAC, granular activated carbon
- HDPE, high-density polyethylene
- LDPE, low-density PE
- MBR, membrane bioreactor
- MF, microfiltration
- MPs, microplastics
- Membrane filtration
- Microplastics
- NF, nanofiltration
- NOM, natural organic matter
- NPs, nanoplastics
- OM, organic matter
- PA, polyamide (nylon)
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PAs, polyacrylates
- PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls
- PE, polyethylene
- PET, polyethylene terephthalate
- PFAS, per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances
- PFCAs, perfluorinated carboxylates
- PFCs, perfluorinated compounds
- PFHxA, perfluorohexanoic acid
- PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid
- PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
- POPs, persistent organic pollutants
- PP, polypropylene
- PPCPs, pharmaceuticals and personal care products
- PS, polystyrene
- PVC, polyvinyl chloride
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- RO, reverse osmosis
- SR, synthetic rubber
- TMP, trans membrane pressure
- UF, ultrafiltration
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Joo
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Liang
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
| | - Minbeom Kim
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Byun
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechul Choi
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
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Li F, Wei Z, He K, Blaney L, Cheng X, Xu T, Liu W, Zhao D. A concentrate-and-destroy technique for degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in water using a new adsorptive photocatalyst. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116219. [PMID: 32731078 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as a major concern in aquatic systems worldwide due to their widespread applications and health concerns. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most-detected PFAS. Yet, a cost-effective technology has been lacking for the degradation of PFAS due to their resistance to conventional treatment processes. To address this challenge, we prepared a novel adsorptive photocatalyst, referred to Fe/TNTs@AC, based on low-cost commercial activated carbon (AC) and TiO2. The composite material exhibited synergistic adsorption and photocatalytic activity and enabled a novel "concentrate-&-destroy" strategy for rapid and complete degradation of PFOA in water. Fe/TNTs@AC was able to adsorb PFOA within a few minutes, thereby effectively concentrating the target contaminant on the photoactive sites. Subsequently, Fe/TNTs@AC was able to degrade >90% of PFOA that was preconcentrated on the solid in 4 h under UV irradiation (254 nm, 21 mW cm‒2), of which 62% was completely mineralized to F-. The efficient photodegradation also regenerated Fe/TNTs@AC, eliminating the need for expensive chemical regenerants, and after six cycles of adsorption/photodegradation, the material showed no significant drop in adsorption capacity or photocatalytic activity. Simulations based on the density functional theory (DFT) revealed that Fe/TNTs@AC adsorbs PFOA in the side-on parallel mode, facilitating the subsequent photocatalytic degradation of PFOA. According to the DFT analysis, scavenger tests, and analysis of degradation intermediates, PFOA decomposition is initiated by direct hole oxidation, which activates the molecule and leads to a series of decarboxylation, C-F bond cleavage, and chain shortening reactions. The innovative "concentrate-&-destroy" strategy may significantly advance conventional adsorption or photochemical treatment of PFAS-contaminated water and holds the potential to degrade PFOA, and potentially other PFAS, more cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Ke He
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, United States
| | - Xinquan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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13
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Fluorinated Surfactant Adsorption on Mineral Surfaces: Implications for PFAS Fate and Transport in the Environment. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated surfactants, which fall under the class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), are amphiphilic molecules that comprise hydrophobic fluorocarbon chains and hydrophilic head-groups. Fluorinated surfactants have been utilized in many applications, e.g., fire-fighting foams, paints, household/kitchenware items, product packaging, and fabrics. These compounds then made their way into the environment, and have been detected in soil, fresh water, and seawater. From there, they can enter human bodies. Fluorinated surfactants are persistent in water and soil environments, and their adsorption onto mineral surfaces contributes to this persistence. This review examines how fluorinated surfactants adsorb onto mineral surfaces, by analyzing the thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption, and the underlying mechanisms. Adsorption of fluorinated surfactants onto mineral surfaces can be explained by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ligand and ion exchange. The aqueous pH, varying salt or humic acid concentrations, and the surfactant chemistry can influence the adsorption of fluorinated surfactants onto mineral surfaces. Further research is needed on fluorinated surfactant adsorbent materials to treat drinking water, and on strategies that can modulate the fate of these compounds in specific environmental locations.
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Gagliano E, Sgroi M, Falciglia PP, Vagliasindi FGA, Roccaro P. Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: Role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115381. [PMID: 31923761 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a wide group of environmentally persistent organic compounds of industrial origin, which are of great concern due to their harmful impact on human health and ecosystems. Amongst long-chain PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are the most detected in the aquatic environment, even though their use has been limited by recent regulations. Recently, more attention has been posed on the short-chain compounds, due to their use as an alternative to long-chain ones, and to their high mobility in the water bodies. Therefore, short-chain PFAS have been increasingly detected in the environmental compartments. The main process investigated and implemented for PFAS removal is adsorption. However, to date, most adsorption studies have focused on synthetic water. The main objective of this article is to provide a critical review of the recent peer-reviewed studies on the removal of long- and short-chain PFAS by adsorption. Specific objectives are to review 1) the performance of different adsorbents for both long- and short-chain PFAS, 2) the effect of organic matter, and 3) the adsorbent regeneration techniques. Strong anion-exchange resins seem to better remove both long- and short-chain PFAS. However, the adsorption capacity of short-chain PFAS is lower than that observed for long-chain PFAS. Therefore, short-chain PFAS removal is more challenging. Furthermore, the effect of organic matter on PFAS adsorption in water or wastewater under real environmental conditions is overlooked. In most studies high PFAS levels have been often investigated without organic matter presence. The rapid breakthrough of PFAS is also a limiting factor and the regeneration of PFAS exhausted adsorbents is very challenging and needs more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gagliano
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sgroi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro P Falciglia
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico G A Vagliasindi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Roccaro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy.
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Meng P, Jiang X, Wang B, Huang J, Wang Y, Yu G, Cousins IT, Deng S. Role of the air-water interface in removing perfluoroalkyl acids from drinking water by activated carbon treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121981. [PMID: 31896003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of drinking water by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is a worldwide problem. In this study, we for the first time revealed the role of the air-water interface in enhancing the removal of long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic (PFCAs; CnF2n+1COOH, n ≥ 7) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic (PFSAs; CnF2n+1SO3H, n ≥ 6) acids, collectively termed as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), through combined aeration and adsorption on two kinds of activated carbon (AC). Aeration was shown to enhance the removal of long-chain PFAAs through adsorption at the air-water interface and subsequent adsorption of PFAA-enriched air bubbles to the AC. The removal of selected long-chain PFAAs was increased by 50-115 % with the assistance of aeration, depending on the perfluoroalkyl chain length. Aeration is more effective in enhancing long-chain PFAA removal as air-water interface adsorption increases with PFAA chain length due to higher surface activity. After removing adsorbed air bubbles by centrifugation, up to 80 % of the long-chain PFAAs were able to desorb from the sorbent, confirming the contribution of the air-water interface to the adsorption of PFAAs on AC. Aeration during AC treatment of water could enhance the removal of long-chain PFAAs, and improve the performance of AC during water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Meng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Xiangzhe Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Ma SY, Wang J, Fan L, Duan HL, Zhang ZQ. Preparation of a fluorinated metal-organic framework and its application for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of perfluorooctanoic acid. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chang PH, Jiang WT, Li Z. Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid from water using calcined hydrotalcite - A mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:487-495. [PMID: 30710777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcined hydrotalcite (CHT) was evaluated for its potential removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water in this study. The uptake of PFOA by CHT could be as high as 1587 mg/g (ca. 3.8 mmol/g), slightly larger than the anion exchange capacity (AEC) of the hydrotalcite (HT). Such a high removal was fast and pH independent, suggesting the versatile use of CHT. Due to the structural memory effect of HT, the removal involved adsorption of PFOA during HT recovery and intercalation of PFOA into the interlayer of restructured HT at low and high initial concentrations, respectively. Limited by the specific surface area and AEC, the intercalated PFOA would form a vertical bilayer or admicelle conformation. As such, the HT intercalated with PFOA became one-layer stacking with a basal spacing of 2.04 nm in contrast to the 3R polytype of recovered HT having a layer thickness of 0.78 nm, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and infra-red analyses. Due to its high PFOA removal capacity and large partitioning coefficient, the amount of CHT used, thus, the disposal of PFOA-laden solid could be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Teh Jiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Road, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA.
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Liu L, Li D, Li C, Ji R, Tian X. Metal nanoparticles by doping carbon nanotubes improved the sorption of perfluorooctanoic acid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 351:206-214. [PMID: 29550554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to considerable application of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its refractory degradation, the widespread distribution of PFOA has already resulted in its' risks to environment and organisms. However, the intrinsic characteristic of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) limited their application for removing PFOA from aqueous medium. Therefore, three nano-metals (nano-crystalline iron, copper and zinc) grafted MWCNTs were synthesized and characterized by BET-N2, TEM, FTIR, XPS and XRD as well as MWCNTs (as the control treatment) in this study. The results showed that nano metals were well grafted on the surface of MWCNTs. Adsorption were investigated by using radioactive labeled PFOA (14C-PFOA) to quantify the trace PFOA. Adsorption kinetics showed the adsorption of PFOA on the metal doped MWCNTs (MDCNTs) was controlled by intra-particle diffusion. Adsorption isotherms showed the sorption amounts on the MDCNTs were higher than the control. This attributed much to the hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction and the formation of the inner sphere complexes. Ionic strength (0-100 mM) and ionic species (Ca2+) had little effects on the sorption of MDCNTs. PFOA adsorption on MDCNTs strongly depended on pH value in the medium. These results provide an innovative approach for removing trace PFOA from liquid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'An, 271018, China
| | - Deyun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'An, 271018, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'An, 271018, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'An, 271018, China
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Omorodion H, Palenzuela M, Ruether M, Twamley B, Platts JA, Baker RJ. A rationally designed perfluorinated host for the extraction of PFOA from water utilising non-covalent interactions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Three hosts for the encapsulation of perfluorooctanoic acid have been synthesized. The host:guest complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in solution and the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Palenzuela
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Manuel Ruether
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | | | - Robert J. Baker
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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20
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Zhao HZ, Wang L, Chang YY, Xu Y. High-efficiency removal of perfluorooctanoic acid from water by covalently bound hybrid coagulants (CBHyC) bearing a hydrophobic quaternary ammonium group. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Feng Y, Zhou Y, Lee PH, Shih K. Mineralization of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) from aqueous solution by porous hexagonal boron nitride: adsorption followed by simultaneous thermal decomposition and regeneration. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are of global concern due to their toxicity, high persistency, bioaccumulation, and worldwide occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Civil Engineering
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Civil Engineering
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
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