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Qin F, Fan X, Ma W. Selective Oxidation of Triethylamine Catalyzed by Mn-Ce/ZSM-5. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37220175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) of triethylamine (TEA) to harmless nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) is of green elimination technology. In this paper, Mn-Ce/ZSM-5 with different proportions of MnOx/CeOx were studied for the selective catalytic combustion of TEA. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H2-TPR, XPS, and NH3-TPD and their catalytic activities were analyzed. The results showed that MnOx was the main active component. The addition of a small amount of CeOx promotes the generation of high-valence Mn ions, which reduces the reduction temperature of the catalyst and increases the redox capacity of the catalyst. In addition, the synergistic effect between CeOx and MnOx significantly improves the mobility of reactive oxygen species on the catalyst, thus improving the catalytic performance of the catalyst. The catalytic oxidation performance of TEA over 15Mn5Ce/ZSM-5 is the highest. TEA can be completely converted at 220 °C, and the selectivity for N2 is up to 80%. The reaction mechanism was studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Yuan L, Xu C, Zhang S, Yu M, Wang X, Chen Y, Dai L. Role of oxygen vacancy in spinel (FeCoNiCrMn) 3O 4 high entropy oxides prepared via two different methods for the selective CH bond oxidation of p-chlorotoluene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:359-371. [PMID: 36867932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The selective CH bond oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbon is an interesting but challenging task, it is desirable to develop efficient heterogeneous non-noble metal catalyst for this reaction. Herein, two kinds of spinel (FeCoNiCrMn)3O4 high entropy oxides were fabricated via two different methods (i.e., c-FeCoNiCrMn, prepared by a co-precipitation method, and m-FeCoNiCrMn, prepared by physically mixing method). Different from traditional environmentally-unfriendly Co/Mn/Br system, the prepared catalysts were employed for the selective CH bond oxidation of p-chlorotoluene to p-chlorobenzaldehyde in a green approach. Compared to m-FeCoNiCrMn, c-FeCoNiCrMn have smaller particles size and larger specific surface area, which were related to the enhanced catalytic activity. More importantly, characterization results disclosed that abundant oxygen vacancies were formed over c-FeCoNiCrMn. Such a result facilitated the adsorption of p-chlorotoluene on the catalyst surface and promoted the formation of *ClPhCH2O intermediate as well as the desired p-chlorobenzaldehyde, as revealed by DFT (Density functional theory) calculations. Besides, scavenger tests and EPR (Electron paramagnetic resonance) results indicated that hydroxyl radical derived from H2O2 homolysis was the main active oxidative species for this reaction. This work revealed the role of oxygen vacancy in spinel high entropy oxide and also demonstrated its promising application for the selective CH bond oxidation in an environmentally-benign approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Cai Xu
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Shaoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Mincheng Yu
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Liyan Dai
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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Bimetallic Lanthanum-Cerium-Loaded HZSM-5 Composite for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Microalgae-Hydrolyzed Oil into Green Hydrocarbon Fuels. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228018. [PMID: 36432121 PMCID: PMC9697213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high lipid content, microalgae are one of the most significant sources of green hydrocarbons, which might help lessen the world's need for fossil fuels. Many zeolite-based catalysts are quickly deactivated by coke production and have a short lifetime. In this study, a bimetallic Lanthanum-Cerium (La-Ce)-modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was synthesized through an impregnation method and was tested for the conversion of hydrolyzed oil into oxygen-free hydrocarbon fuels of high energy content. Initially, hydrolyzed oil (HO), the byproduct of the transesterification process, was obtained by the reaction of crude oil derived from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and a methanol. Various catalysts were produced, screened, and evaluated for their ability to convert algal HO into hydrocarbons and other valuable compounds in a batch reactor. The performance of HZSM-5 was systematically tested in view of La-Ce loaded on conversion, yield, and selectivity. NH3-TPD analysis showed that the total acidity of the La-Ce-modified zeolites was lower than that of the pure HZSM-5 catalyst. TGA testing revealed that including the rare earth elements La and Ce in the HZSM-5 catalyst lowered the catalyst propensity for producing coke deposits. The acid sites necessary for algal HO conversion were improved by putting La and Ce into HZSM-5 zeolite at various loading percentages. The maximum hydrocarbon yield (42.963%), the highest HHV (34.362 MJ/Kg), and the highest DOD% (62.191%) were all achieved by the (7.5%La-2.5%Ce)/HZSM-5 catalyst, which was synthesized in this work. For comparison, the hydrocarbon yield for the parent HZSM-5 was 21.838%, the HHV was (33.230 MJ/Kg), and the DOD% was 44.235%. In conclusion, La and Ce-loading on the parent HZSM-5 may be responsible for the observed alterations in textural properties; nevertheless, there is no clear correlation between the physical features and the hydrocarbon yield (%). The principal effect of La and Ce modifying the parent HZSM-5 zeolite was to modify the acidic sites needed to enhance the conversion (%) of the algal HO during the catalytic deoxygenation process, which in turn raised the hydrocarbon yield (%) and increased the HHV and DOD%.
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Ce-Loaded HZSM-5 Composite for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Algal Hydrolyzed Oil into Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217251. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research into the catalytic uses of zeolite-based catalysts, these catalysts have a limited useful lifetime because of the deactivating effect of coke production. This study looks at the use of Cerium (Ce) loaded HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts in the hydrocarbon and oxygenated chemical conversion from Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae crude oil. Characterization of structure, morphology, and crystallinity was performed after the catalysts were manufactured using the impregnation technique. Soxhlet extraction was carried out to extract the crude oil of microalgae. Transesterification reaction was used to produce algal hydrolyzed oil (HO), and the resulting HO was put to use in a batch reactor at 300 °C, 1000 rpm, 7 bars of nitrogen pressure, a catalyst to the algal HO ratio of 15% (wt. %), and a retention time of 6 h. To determine which Ce-loaded HZSM-5 catalysts would be most effective in converting algal HO into non-oxygenated molecules (hydrocarbons), we conducted a series of tests. Liquid product characteristics were analyzed for elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), atomic ratios of O/C and H/C, and degree of deoxygenation (DOD%). Results were categorized into three groups: product yield, chemical composition, and carbon number distribution. When Cerium was added to HZSM-5 zeolite at varying loading percentages, the zeolite’s acid sites became more effective in facilitating the algal HO conversion. The results showed that 10%Ce/HZSM-5 had the greatest conversion of the algal HO, the yield of hydrocarbons, HHV, and DOD% (98.2%, 30%, 34.05 MJ/Kg, and 51.44%, respectively) among all the synthesized catalysts in this research. In conclusion, the physical changes seen in the textural characteristics may be attributed to Cerium-loading on the parent HZSM-5; nevertheless, there is no direct association between the physical features and the hydrocarbons yield (%). The primary impact of Cerium alteration of the parent HZSM-5 zeolite was to change the acidic sites required to boost the conversion (%) of the algal HO in the catalytic deoxygenation process, which in turn increased the hydrocarbons yield (%), which in turn increased the HHV and DOD%.
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Nuhma MJ, Alias H, Tahir M, Jazie AA. Catalytic Deoxygenation of Hydrolyzed Oil of Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae over Lanthanum-Embedded HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst to Produce Bio-Fuels. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196527. [PMID: 36235064 PMCID: PMC9570545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae is one of the most important sources of green hydrocarbons because it contains a high percentage of lipids and is likely to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Several zeolite-based catalysts have a short lifetime due to coke-formation deactivation. In this study, a lanthanum-modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for the conversion of crude oil into non-oxygenated compounds (hydrocarbons) and oxygenated compounds has been investigated. The crude oil of Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae was extracted using Soxhlet and converted into hydrolyzed oil (HO) through a transesterification reaction. The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor (300 °C, 1000 rpm, 7 bar of N2, the catalyst to the algal HO ratio of 15% (wt.%) and 6 h). The results were organized into three groups: product yield, chemical composition, and carbon number distribution. The liquid products were investigated, including their elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), atomic ratios of O/C and H/C, and degree of deoxygenation (DOD%). The loading of lanthanum into HZSM-5 zeolite with different loading percentages enhanced the acid sites needed for the algal HO conversion. Among all the synthesized catalysts, 10%La/HZSM-5 produced the highest conversion of the algal HO, the highest yield of hydrocarbons, the highest HHV, and the highest DOD%; those were 100%, 36.88%, 34.16 MJ/kg, and 56.11%, respectively. The enhanced catalytic conversion was due to the presence of lanthanum, which alters the active sites for the desired reactions of catalytic deoxygenation. The main effect of the modification of the parent HZSM-5 zeolite with lanthanum led to adjusting the acidic sites needed to increase the conversion (%) of the algal HO in the catalytic deoxygenation process and thus increase the hydrocarbon yield (%), which in turn led to an increase in the HHV and DOD%. The proposed La-based zeolite composite is promising for different energy applications due to its unique benefits compared to other expensive and less-stable catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Jawad Nuhma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City 999048, Iraq
| | - Hajar Alias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (M.T.); Tel.: +60-19-0385-5571 (H.A.); +97-15-0996-1678 (M.T.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (M.T.); Tel.: +60-19-0385-5571 (H.A.); +97-15-0996-1678 (M.T.)
| | - Ali A. Jazie
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City 999048, Iraq
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Bimetal Cu-Mn porous silica-supported catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of organic dyes in wastewater at neutral pH. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu X, Gao S, Yang F, Zhou S, Kong Y. High promoting of selective oxidation of ethylbenzene by Mn-ZSM-5 synthesized without organic template and calcination. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Selective oxidation of o
-chlorotoluene to o
-chlorobenzaldehyde catalyzed by (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2
O4
catalysts. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wen D, Liu Q, Fei Z, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Tang J, Cui M, Qiao X. Organosilane-Assisted Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous ZSM-5 Zeolite as a Durable Catalyst for Light-Olefins Production from Chloromethane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dafen Wen
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Fei
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yanran Yang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhuxiu Zhang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xian Chen
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jihai Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mifen Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xu Qiao
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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Xie J, Chen L, Wang WH, Wang P, Au CT, Yin SF. Direct dual-template synthesis of HZSM-5 zeolite for enhanced p-xylene selectivity in toluene methylation with CH3Br. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy02633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HZSM-5 catalysts of different crystal sizes directly synthesized by a single-step method using TPAOH and TEA as templates were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption and NH3-TPD techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
| | - Lang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
| | - Wu-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide Emissions
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
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Xie J, Chen L, Zhou WF, Au CT, Yin SF. Selective oxidation of p-chlorotoluene to p-chlorobenzaldehyde over metal-modified OMS-2 molecular sieves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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The Effect of Water on the Oxidation of Toluene Catalyzed by Molybdenum Manganese Complex Oxide. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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