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Zhao L, Zheng L. A Review on Bioactive Anthraquinone and Derivatives as the Regulators for ROS. Molecules 2023; 28:8139. [PMID: 38138627 PMCID: PMC10745977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are bioactive natural products, which are often found in medicinal herbs. These compounds exert antioxidant-related pharmacological actions including neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammation, anticancer, hepatoprotective effects and anti-aging, etc. Considering the benefits from their pharmacological use, recently, there was an upsurge in the development and utilization of anthraquinones as reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulators. In this review, a deep discussion was carried out on their antioxidant activities and the structure-activity relationships. The antioxidant mechanisms and the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of both natural and synthesized compounds were furtherly explored and demonstrated. Due to the specific chemical activity of ROS, antioxidants are essential for human health. Therefore, the development of reagents that regulate the imbalance between ROS formation and elimination should be more extensive and rational, and the exploration of antioxidant mechanisms of anthraquinones may provide new therapeutic tools and ideas for various diseases mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin 301636, China;
| | - Lin Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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2
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Wang T, Lu Z, Qu XH, Xiong ZY, Wu YT, Luo Y, Zhang ZY, Han XJ, Xie CF. Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside protects mice against acute liver injury by inhibiting autophagy in hepatic stellate cells and inflammatory response in liver-resident macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:951521. [PMID: 36147355 PMCID: PMC9485814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.951521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is an unfavorable condition characterized by the rapid loss of liver function and high mortality. Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside (CPOG) is an anthraquinone derivative isolated from rhubarb. This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of CPOG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-GalN-induced ALF and its underlying mechanisms. LPS/D-GalN-induced mice ALF model and LPS treatment model in RAW 264.7 and LX2 cells were established. It was found that CPOG ameliorated LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury and improved mortality as indicated by Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Molecularly, qPCR and ELISA results showed that CPOG alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced release of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo. LPS/D-GalN-induced intracellular ROS production was also attenuated by CPOG in liver tissue. Further, CPOG attenuated ROS generation and inhibited the expression of p-IκB and p-p65 as well as the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β stimulated by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, CPOG alleviated LPS-induced up-regulation of LC3B, p62, ATG5 and Beclin1 by attenuating ROS production and inhibiting MAPK signaling in LX2 cells. Taken together, our data indicated that the CPOG protected against LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation response and autophagy. These findings suggest that CPOG could be potential drug for the treatment of ALF in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi-Ying Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jian Han, ; Cai-Feng Xie,
| | - Cai-Feng Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Jian Han, ; Cai-Feng Xie,
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Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:249-266. [PMID: 35079960 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
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4
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Jadaun KS, Mehan S, Sharma A, Siddiqui EM, Kumar S, Alsuhaymi N. Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7. [PMID: 35099677 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh Jadaun
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Naif Alsuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences - AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
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Li H, Jin J, Xue H, Li Y, Wang T, Shi R, Ma Y. Determination of multiple active constituents in Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction using HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Application in comparing the differences in the formula and its constituent herbs. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5324. [PMID: 34993982 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction (DHXSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula and is used to treat cholestasis. In this study, we developed a reliable and comprehensive HPLC coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for the separation and determination of 21 components including six alkaloids, five anthraquinones, three tannins, three terpenes, two iridoid glycosides, one organic acid, and one flavonoid in DHXSD. A C18 column was eluted by a gradient mobile phase containing at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Detection was operated with electrospray ionization source in positive and negative ion modes using selective ion monitoring (SIM). The calibration curves for all analytes showed good linearity (r >0.9901), and the inter- and intra-day precision did not exceed 4.98%. The recoveries, repeatability, and stability were also within the acceptable limits. The method was successfully applied to determine multiple active constituents in DHXSD and its constituent herbs. Compared to Da Huang, the total contents of the five anthraquinones were significantly higher in DHXSD. However, the changes of components from Zhi Zi/Huang Bo were complicated in DHXSD. The study could serve as a fundamental reference for establishing comprehensive DHXSD quality control measures and be helpful to understand some compatibility laws of DHXSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Science and Technology Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Erfan OS, Sonpol HMA, Abd El-Kader M. Protective effect of rapamycin against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity: The associations between autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:1984-1998. [PMID: 33480149 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACRL) was demonstrated to induce hepatotoxicity and programmed cell death (PCD). Rapamycin (RAPA)-induced autophagy had been reported to limit the progression of hepatocellular injury in experimental models. This research was designed to study two death pathways involved in ACRL-induced hepatotoxicity and the modulating effect of RAPA on the resulting hepatic injury. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into three groups: control group, ACRL-treated group (20 mg kg/day), and the last group co-treated with ACRL plus RAPA (0.5 mg kg/day). Drugs were administered for 21 days via oral gavage. Blood samples were collected to assess alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Livers were dissected; parts were used for detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) tissue levels. Other parts were processed for hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome staining, immunostaining for microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3), ubiquitin-binding protein (p62), caspase-3, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). ACRL induced a significant elevation in ALT, AST, MDA levels, and reduction in the SOD level. ACRL also induced hepatocellular injury, fibrosis, and defective autophagy indicated by elevation of LC3 and p62 and increased p62/LC3 ratio. Moreover, it increased the apoptotic (caspase-3) and necroptotic (RIPK1) markers expression. RAPA significantly reduced liver enzymes, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and improved liver histology. Moreover, RAPA decreased p62/LC3 ratio indicated enhanced autophagy, and significantly reduced caspase-3 and RIPK1 expression. In conclusion, RAPA maintained autophagic activity which may save the hepatocytes from PCD and enhance cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia S Erfan
- Anatomy and embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hany M A Sonpol
- Anatomy and embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Basic medical sciences department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Abd El-Kader
- Anatomy and embryology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ma S, Xu H, Huang W, Gao Y, Zhou H, Li X, Zhang W. Chrysophanol Relieves Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Concomitant Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:706359. [PMID: 34658905 PMCID: PMC8514135 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.706359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most frequently prescribed chemotherapy medications. However, its nephrotoxicity which often leads to acute kidney injury (AKI), greatly limits its clinical application. Chrysophanol (CHR), a mainly active anthraquinone ingredient, possesses various biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of CHR against CDDP-induced AKI (CDDP-AKI) using C57BL/6 mouse and human proximal tubule epithelial cells. In vivo, we found that pre-treatment with CHR greatly relieved CDDP-AKI and improved the kidney function and morphology. The mechanistic studies indicated that it might alleviate CDDP-AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and IKKβ/IκBα/p65/transcription factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) inflammation signaling pathway induced by CDDP. Moreover, we found that the cell viability of HK2 cells reduced by CDDP was partially rescued by CHR pre-incubation. Flow cytometry results further indicated that CHR pre-incubation suppressed CDDP induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibited cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, our results suggested that CHR might be a novel therapy for CDDP-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
- Xiong Li,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics. Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang,
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Chrysophanol Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Upregulating Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and the Unfolded Protein Response. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8426051. [PMID: 32714424 PMCID: PMC7355365 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8426051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a vital driver of liver fibrosis. Recent research efforts have emphasized the clearance of activated HSCs by apoptosis, senescence, or reversion to the quiescent state. LPS induces human HSC activation directly and contributes to liver disease progression. Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of chrysophanol in an LPS-induced activated rat HSC cell line (HSC-T6). The fibrosis phenotype was identified from the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and integrin β1 by western blot analysis. We examined DNA fragmentation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. We detected the apoptotic markers p53 and cleaved caspase-3 by western blot analysis. Intracellular ROS were labeled with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and the levels were measured by flow cytometry. Finally, we evaluated the ER stress markers binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) by Western blot analysis. Our results showed that chrysophanol decreased HSC-T6 cell viability in LPS-induced activated HSCs. Chrysophanol increased the expression of α-SMA, CTGF, integrin βI, p53, cleaved caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation. Chrysophanol also elevated ROS levels and increased the expression of BiP and CHOP. Pretreatment with chrysophanol prevented LPS-induced HSC-T6 cell activation by upregulating apoptosis, ROS accumulation, unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, and the UPR proapoptotic effect.
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Park CY, Choi E, Yang H, Ho SH, Park S, Park K, Kim S. Efficacy of Artemisia annua L. extract for recovery of acute liver failure. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3738-3749. [PMID: 32724636 PMCID: PMC7382175 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. is an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is commonly grown in parts of Asia, including Korea and China, and is called by its nickname Gae-ddong-ssuk, or Chung-ho. The herb is well known for its positive effects on fever and hemostasis, as well as its antibiotic effects. To evaluate the protective properties of A. annua L. on the liver, an acute liver failure animal model was set up with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-galN) in C57BL/6J mice, showing increased levels of AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase). Oral administration of the extract of A. annua L. (EAA) for 2 weeks reduced the level of AST and ALT up to 50% of the levels in the negative control group treated with water vehicle. The efficacy of EAA was more effective than that in a comparative positive control group treated with milk thistle extract. Moreover, EAA protected hepatic cells and tissues from oxidative stresses and inflammatory damages, showing downregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We also found that LPS stimulated the mouse macrophage cell line, Raw264.7, and secreted a tremendous level of proinflammatory cytokines and the secretion of these cytokines was reduced with EAA treatment via downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and p65 translocation. This study demonstrated that A. annua L. extract is a promising treatment for protection against and recovery from liver damage, as well as maintenance of liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ki‐Moon Park
- Department of Food Science & BiotechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea
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10
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Zhuang T, Gu X, Zhou N, Ding L, Yang L, Zhou M. Hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity of Chinese herb Rhubarb (Dahuang): How to properly control the "General (Jiang Jun)" in Chinese medical herb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110224. [PMID: 32559851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herb Rhubarb (Dahuang), one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine in clinical application for over a thousand years and known as the "General (Jiang Jun)" in Chinese medical herb, currently used clinically for long-term treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and chronic liver diseases. Through previous researches, it has been identified that Rhubarb possessed a good hepatoprotective effect, which primarily protected liver from oxidation, fibrosis and cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and various types of hepatitis. Meanwhile, it has been recently reported that long-term administration of Rhubarb preparation may undertake the risk of liver damage, which has aroused worldwide doubts about the safety of Rhubarb. Therefore, how to correctly understand the "two-way" effect of Rhubarb on liver protection and liver toxicity provides a basis for scientific evaluation of Rhubarb's efficacy on liver and side effects, as well as guiding clinical rational drug use. In this review, the mechanisms of Rhubarb how to play a role in hepatoprotection and why it causes hepatotoxic potential will be elaborated in detail and critically. In addition, some positive clinical guidances are also advised on how to reduce its hepatotoxicity in medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxi Zhuang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Wang H, Wei X, Wei X, Sun X, Huang X, Liang Y, Xu W, Zhu X, Lin X, Lin J. 4-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one ameliorates LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106445. [PMID: 32272395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to synthesize 4-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (HBO) and to investigate its protective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury. HBO (C7H5O3N) was synthesized based on 2-nitro-resorcinol and identified by physicochemical analysis. In the animal experiment, mice were pretreated with HBO (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 10 days. At the end of pretreatment, the animals were injected with LPS (10 µg/kg)/D-GalN (700 mg/kg). The results showed that HBO significantly alleviated liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN in mice. It remarkably decreased inflammatory response by reducing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, HBO notably attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the release of Cytochrome C (Cyt C) from mitochondria into the cytoplasm and regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family. Furthermore, the result showed that HBO inhibited the expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B p50 (NF-κBp50), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), as well as the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IκB), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-α/β (IKK-α/β), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), suggesting that HBO had a certain influence on the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In addition, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was also affected by HBO, as evidenced by the decrease in the phosphorylation levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). In conclusion, our study suggested that HBO could protect against LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury, moreover, treatment with HBO appeared to be capable of further regulating the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiugui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xian Wei
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yingqin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Wanpeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xunshuai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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12
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Anthraquinones Extract from Morinda angustifolia Roxb. Root Alleviates Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride through Inhibition of Hepatic Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9861571. [PMID: 32328146 PMCID: PMC7149410 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9861571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Southwestern China, the root of Morinda angustifolia Roxb. has been employed as a folk medicine for treating various types of hepatitis and jaundice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of anthraquinones extract from M. angustifolia root (AEMA) in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver injury in mice and identify the main bioactive components. Results indicated that AEMA pretreatment could significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, attenuate the increased levels of ALT and AST in mice serum induced by CCl4. At doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, AEMA exhibited significant suppression of the elevated hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as marked upregulatory effects on the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice exposed to CCl4. However, AEMA treatment had no effect on the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) or the nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, two anthraquinone constituents were isolated from AEMA and identified as soranjidiol and rubiadin-3-methyl ether. Soranjidiol exhibited similar protective effects to those of AEMA on liver damage induced by CCl4. Overall, our research clearly demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of the AEMA, and anthraquinones, particularly soranjidiol, should be considered as the main hepatoprotective principles of M. angustifolia. In addition, the underlying mechanism may be, at least in part, related to its antioxidant properties.
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Reveals of New Candidate Active Components in Hemerocallis Radix and Its Anti-Depression Action of Mechanism Based on Network Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051868. [PMID: 32182911 PMCID: PMC7084327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global depression population is showing a significant increase. Hemerocallis fulva L. is a common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Its flower buds are known to have ability to clear away heat and dampness, detoxify, and relieve depression. Ancient TCM literature shows that its roots have a beneficial effect in calming the spirit and even the temper in order to reduce the feeling of melancholy. Therefore, it is inferred that the root of Hemerocallis fulva L. can be used as a therapeutic medicine for depression. This study aims to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of the antidepressant effect of Hemerocallis Radix (HR) through network pharmacology method. During the analysis, 11 active components were obtained and screened using ADME—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion— method. Furthermore, 267 HR targets and 740 depressive disorder (DD) targets were gathered from various databases. Then protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of HR and DD targets were constructed and cluster analysis was applied to further explore the connection between the targets. In addition, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analysis was applied to further verify that the biological process related to the target protein is associated with the occurrence of depression disorder. In conclusion, the most important bioactive components—anthraquinone, kaempferol, and vanillic acid—can alleviate depression symptoms by regulating MAOA, MAOB, and ESR1. The proposed network pharmacology strategy provides an integrating method to explore the therapeutic mechanism of multi-component drugs on a systematic level.
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14
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Xu C, Chen T, Li J, Jin M, Ye M. The structural analysis and its hepatoprotective activity of melanin isolated from Lachnum sp. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Guan B, Chen R, Zhong M, Liu N, Chen Q. Protective effect of Oxymatrine against acute spinal cord injury in rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:149-157. [PMID: 31840202 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to examine the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on motor functions and histopathologic changes after spinal cord injury and the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effects. Results suggested that, OMT causes regain of lost motor function near to normal via attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. These observations were further supported by histological examination of spinal cord of rats. It also showed to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bcl2 family proteins and reduces the level of toll like receptor (TLR-4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) in concentration dependent manner. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was also regulated by OMT after SCI. It has been suggested that, OMT promotes the recovery of motor function after SCI in rats via multiple mechanism, and this effect may be related to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Guan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Rongchun Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mingliang Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Xie L, Tang H, Song J, Long J, Zhang L, Li X. Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1475-1487. [PMID: 31373015 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chrysophanol is a natural anthraquinone, also known as chrysophanic acid and 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone. It has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetic researches of chrysophanol. KEY FINDING Information on chrysophanol was collected from the Internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PM using a combination of keywords including 'pharmacology', 'toxicology' and 'pharmacokinetics'. The literature we collected included from January 2010 to June 2019. Chrysophanol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, and regulating blood lipids. However, chrysophanol has obvious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics indicate that the use of chrysophanol in combination with other drugs can reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. SUMMARY Chrysophanol can be used in many diseases. Future research directions include how the concentration of chrysophanol affects pharmacological effects and toxicity; the mechanism of synergy between chrysophanol and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ameliorative effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate on hepatic encephalopathy by Epirubicin. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105774. [PMID: 31351363 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate (MI) on Epirubicin (EPI)-induced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were divided randomly into groups for treatments as follows: control group, EPI group (Model group), EPI + MI (25, 50 mg/kg) group. Morris water maze test were conducted to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability. The serum and hippocampus levels of oxidative stress or inflammation were uncovered with the detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). RESULTS As a result, treatment with MI effectively ameliorated the EPI-induced decline in the ability of spatial learning and memory. MI also significantly relieved the severity of oxidative stress or inflammation in serum and hippocampus, which was accompanied with regulating liver functional parameters. Western blot data demonstrated that administration of MI could regulate the redox-related expressions of Txnip, Trx, Nrf2, HO-1, p-IκB-α, p-NF-κB, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax and Bcl-2 in EPI-stimulated hepatic encephalopathy (HE). And the potency of MI treatments on Nrf2, NF-κB expression was also confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the protective effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate on EPI-induced hepatic encephalopathy might be mediated via the Txnip/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Lu J, Li J, Hu Y, Guo Z, Sun D, Wang P, Guo K, Duan DD, Gao S, Jiang J, Wang J, Liu P. Chrysophanol protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing cellular PARylation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:782-793. [PMID: 31384538 PMCID: PMC6663922 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer chemotherapy is limited by its life-threatening cardiotoxic effects. Chrysophanol (CHR), an anthraquinone compound isolated from the rhizome of Rheum palmatum L., is considered to play a broad role in a variety of biological processes. However, the effects of CHR׳s cardioprotection in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy is poorly understood. In this study, we found that the cardiac apoptosis, mitochondrial injury and cellular PARylation levels were significantly increased in H9C2 cells treated by Dox, while these effects were suppressed by CHR. Similar results were observed when PARP1 activity was suppressed by its inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and ABT888. Ectopic expression of PARP1 effectively blocked this CHR׳s cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, pre-administration with both CHR and 3AB relieved DOX-induced cardiac apoptosis, mitochondrial impairment and heart dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rat model. These results revealed that CHR protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing cellular PARylation and provided critical evidence that PARylation may be a novel target for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Key Words
- 3AB, 3-aminobenzamide
- ADR, adriamycin
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- Apoptosis
- CHR, chrysophanol
- CMC-Na, sodium carboxymethyl
- CO, cardiac output
- Cardiotoxicity
- Chrysophanol
- Cyt c, Cytochrome c
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Doxorubicin
- EF, ejection fraction
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FS, fractional shortening
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- HR, heart rate
- IVSd, end-diastolic interventricular septum
- IVSs, end-systolic interventricular septum
- LV, end-systolic volume
- LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume
- LVIDd, LV end-diastolic internal diameter
- LVIDs, LV end-systolic internal diameter
- LVPWd, LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness
- LVPWs, LV end-systolic posterior wall thickness
- Mitochondria
- NS, normal saline
- PAR, polymers of ADP-ribose
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PARylated, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated
- PARylation
- PARylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RCR, respiratory control ratio
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rh123, rhodamine 123
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
- VDAC1, voltage dependent anion channel 1
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Ghorbani A, Amiri MS, Hosseini A. Pharmacological properties of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01986. [PMID: 31294125 PMCID: PMC6595136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs have been increasingly used worldwide for diseases prevention and treatment. Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. is a perennial shrub of the Polygonaceae family. Genus Rheum includes more than 60 species growing around the world which are used in foods and traditional medicines. R. turkestanicum is believed to be able to improve different kinds of disorders including diabetes, hypertension, jaundice and cancer. In recent years, this medicinal plant has been a subject of many experimental studies to document its health-beneficial properties. These studies have revealed antidiabetic, anticancer, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective properties of R. turkestanicum. The presence of flavonoids (e.g. epicatechin and quercetin) and anthraquinones (e.g. chrysophanol, physcion, and emodin) in R. turkestanicum justifies its health-beneficial effects. Nevertheless, possible therapeutic applications and safety of this plant still need to be elucidated in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Protective Function of Novel Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2 from Lentinus tigrinus in Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Oxidative Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3139689. [PMID: 31198490 PMCID: PMC6526528 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3139689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a class of small proteins that have been extensively studied for their immunomodulatory activities. In this study, two novel FIPs from Lentinus tigrinus were identified and named Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2. The bioactive characteristics of Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2 were compared to a well-known FIP (LZ-8 from Ganoderma lucidum) to investigate the effect of Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2 expression on concanavalin A- (Con A-) induced liver oxidative injury. Both Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2 protected the livers from Con A-induced necrosis, as evidenced by decreased serum aminotransferase levels (AST, ALT) and relieved liver histology. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress (SOD, MDA) were shown to be reduced by expressing Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2. In addition, the hepatoprotective effect of Fip-lti1, Fip-lti2, and LZ-8 correlated with ameliorating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 (IFN-γ/IL-4). The observed liver protection of Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2 was mechanistically explored. Treatments with Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2 regulated GATA3/T-bet expression, activated the decreased Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, and countered the upregulated NLRP3/ASC/NF-κBp65 signaling in Con A-stimulated liver injury. Nrf2 activation was shown to be involved in the mechanisms underlying the protection of Fip-lti by RNA interference. In conclusion, we identified two new fungal proteins (Fip-lti1 and Fip-lti2) that can protect the liver from Con A-induced liver oxidative injury through the Nrf2/NF-κB/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway.
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Prateeksha, Yusuf MA, Singh BN, Sudheer S, Kharwar RN, Siddiqui S, Abdel-Azeem AM, Fernandes Fraceto L, Dashora K, Gupta VK. Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E68. [PMID: 30781696 PMCID: PMC6406798 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysophanol is a unique anthraquinone having broad-spectrum therapeutic potential along with ecological importance. It is the first polyketide that has been reported to be biosynthesized in an organism-specific manner. The traditional Chinese and Korean medicinal systems provide evidence of the beneficial effects of chrysophanol on human health. The global distribution of chrysophanol encountered in two domains of life (bacteria and eukaryota) has motivated researchers to critically evaluate the properties of this compound. A plethora of literature is available on the pharmacological properties of chrysophanol, which include anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antimicrobial activities. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies on chrysophanol demand further investigations for it to be used as a drug. This is the first comprehensive review on the natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, and pharmacology of chrysophanol. Here we reviewed recent advancements made on the pharmacokinetics of the chrysophanol. Additionally, we have highlighted the knowledge gaps of its mechanism of action against diseases and toxicity aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow-226016, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Brahma N. Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Sudheer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Saba Siddiqui
- Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST), Integral University, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University–Unesp, Sorocaba–São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil;
| | - Kavya Dashora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
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Lixin X, Lijun Y, Songping H. Ganoderic acid A against cyclophosphamide‐induced hepatic toxicity in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22271. [PMID: 30506662 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lixin
- Department of Hepatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong UniversityNantong China
| | - Yan Lijun
- Department of Hepatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong UniversityNantong China
| | - Huang Songping
- Department of Hepatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong UniversityNantong China
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Xie R, Zhang H, Wang XZ, Yang XZ, Wu SN, Wang HG, Shen P, Ma TH. The protective effect of betulinic acid (BA) diabetic nephropathy on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Food Funct 2018; 8:299-306. [PMID: 28009869 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of betulinic acid (BA) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (35 mg kg-1). 7 days later, the animals were intragastrically administered with metformin (MET, 150 mg kg-1), BA (20 mg kg-1) or BA (40 mg kg-1) once daily for consecutive 30 days. The blood glucose, the contents of insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were examined. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissues were measured. Moreover, the histopathological alteration and the protein expressions of the signaling pathway were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and western blotting, respectively. BA significantly decreased the levels of serum insulin, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and blood glucose. In addition, BA increased the activities of SOD, CAT and reduced the contents of MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in kidney tissues. BA also ameliorated the histopathological condition. Furthermore, BA attenuated the phosphorylations of p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), and an inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and the expressions of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. These findings demonstrated that BA exhibited a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced rats possibly through the AMPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Zhou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
| | - Shang-Nong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
| | - Tian-Heng Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
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Wang S, Zhao X, Qiao Z, Jia X, Qi Y. Paeoniflorin attenuates depressive behaviors in systemic lupus erythematosus mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:248-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate shows hepatoprotective effects in a cyclophosphamide-induced model of hepatic injury. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33252-33264. [PMID: 28402274 PMCID: PMC5464865 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate (GM) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hepatic injury in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that GM exerted a protective effect on CP-induced acute liver injury, as evidenced by the alleviations of hepatic pathological damage and serum transaminase activities. Meantime, GM attenuated serum and HepG2 cell supernatant levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOD and MDA. Western blot results presented that GM down-regulated the expressions of the microtubule associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), Lysosome associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1), p-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p-protein Kinase B(Akt), p-mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR), p-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 70 kDa (p70S6K), p-4E binding protein 1(4EBP1), p- inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB)α and p-nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)p65 in CP-stimulated hepatic tissue and HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results suggested that GM showed beneficial effect on CP-induced liver injury through NF-κB-mediated inflammation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 axis-mediated autophagy in vivo and in vitro.
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Zeng Y, Lian S, Li D, Lin X, Chen B, Wei H, Yang T. Anti-hepatocarcinoma effect of cordycepin against NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1868-1875. [PMID: 28968944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cordycepin (CA) on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and explore its potential mechanisms. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, NDEA group, NDEA+CA (20mg/kg) group, NDEA+CA (40mg/kg) group. The animal of each group were given NDEA (100ppm) in drinking water. One hour later, CA, which was dissolved in PBS, were intragastrically administered for continuous seven days. The results showed that CA reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in liver and serum. CA also reduced the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), and stored the activity of superoxygen dehydrogenises (SOD) in serum. CA could obviously attenuate the hepatic pathological alteration. Furthermore, CA effectively inhibited the phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In conclusion, our research suggested that CA exhibited protective effects on NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Lian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Bozan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Hongfa Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China.
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Protective effect of pilose antler peptide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through Nrf-2/OH-1/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:741-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Cai Z, Liu J, Bian H, Cai J, Jin Q, Han J. Fluoxetine, an Antidepressant Drug, Inhibited Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 40:1375-1381. [PMID: 28477248 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of fluoxetine (Flu) against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control group, CS group, dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) group, and flu (2 mg/kg). H&E staining demonstrated that Flu inhibited CS-induced pathological injury. In addition, Flu could restore the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. Flu also inhibited the levels of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, flu significantly inhibited the protein levels of TLR/NF-κB and apoptosis pathway in CS-induced rats. Our findings suggested that flu might effectively ameliorate the progression of COPD via inflammation and apoptosis pathway in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cai
- Newborn department, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China
| | - Jindi Liu
- Nursing department, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China
| | - Hongliang Bian
- Newborn department, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China.
| | - Jinlan Cai
- Newborn department, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China
| | - Qing Jin
- Newborn department, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China
| | - Jijing Han
- Newborn department, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224000, China
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Lan Z, Xie G, Wei M, Wang P, Chen L. The protective effect of Epimedii Folium and Curculiginis Rhizoma on Alzheimer's disease by the inhibitions of NF-κB/MAPK pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:43709-43720. [PMID: 28582770 PMCID: PMC5546435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of the water extracts of Epimedii Folium and Curculiginis Rhizoma (EX) on Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease. Aβ1-42 was stereotaxically injected bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus, and then the rats were orally received EX at the doses of 2 g/kg and 6 g/kg for 30 days. Behavior was monitored through Morris water maze test. The neuroprotective effect of EX were examined with methods of histochemistry and biochemistry. EX reduced the contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hippocampus and cortex. EX also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that EX inhibited the expressions of NLRP3. In addition, we further confirmed that EX suppressed the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. EX inhibited the phosphorylations MAPKs, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88), cathepsin B. In conclusion, these results suggest that EX may be a potential agent for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guangjing Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Antihepatocarcinoma Effect of Portulaca oleracea L. in Mice by PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1/NF- κB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8231358. [PMID: 28659990 PMCID: PMC5474246 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8231358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) (PL) on N-nitrosodiethylamine- (NDEA-) induced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and explore its potential mechanism. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, NDEA group, NDEA + Purslane (100 mg/kg) group, and NDEA + Purslane (200 mg/kg) group. The animal of each group was given NDEA (100 ppm) in drinking water. 1 h later, Purslane dissolved in PBS was intragastrically administered for continuous seven days. The results showed that Purslane reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in liver and serum. Purslane also reduced the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and restored the activity of superoxygen dehydrogenises (SOD) in serum. Purslane could obviously attenuate the hepatic pathological alteration. Furthermore, treatment with Purslane effectively inhibited the phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα) and upregulated the expressions of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1. In conclusion, our research suggested that Purslane exhibited protective effects on NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas by anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway.
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Luo F, Liu J, Yan T, Miao M. RETRACTED: Salidroside alleviates cigarette smoke-induced COPD in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:155-161. [PMID: 27978494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors, who have informed the Editor-in-Chief that they had not obtained the necessary ethical approval for the animal studies before performing the experiments. It is the policy of the journal that all animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The authors have also informed the editors that the results of the IL-1β ELISA are not reliable due to issues with the reagents. Concern was also raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figure 5, which appear to contain suspected similarities between the P-P38 and Iκ Bα blots, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/C87E1CABF28D49C30B80A05DF2C3DB#1. The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. The journal did not receive a response to this request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingxing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Jiang W, Chen Q, Li P, Lu Q, Pei X, Sun Y, Wang G, Hao K. Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Chai J, Sun M, Hu X, He W, Ge M, Xie C. Y-27632, a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, inhibits systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:359-366. [PMID: 28122300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether Rho-kinase inhibition (Y-27632) modulated the expressions of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) in systemic lupus erythematosus. 20 wild type mice and 20 MRL/lpr mice were applied for the research. The animals were randomly assigned to wild type, wild type+Y-27632 group, MRL/lpr group and MRL/lpr+Y-27632 group. 5mg/kg Y-27632 was intravenously injected to inhibit the ROCK expressions.Y-27632 significantly decreased the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and increased IL-10 level in serum of MRL/lpr mice. Flow cytometry (FCM) studies also showed that Y-27632 remarkably increased Regulatory cells(Treg) cell percentage in spleen cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated Y-27632 downregulated the expressions of ROCK1, ROCK2, upregulated the expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor(Foxp3), and inhibited the phosphorylations of NF-κBp65 and IκBα. The findings showed that the inhibition of ROCK was beneficial for the prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus, which possibly by suppressing NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Jixia Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Changhao Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital to Bengbu Medical college, Bengbu 233004, China.
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Zhou R, Luo F, Lei H, Zhang K, Liu J, He H, Gao J, Chang X, He L, Ji H, Yan T, Chen T. Liujunzi Tang, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced mouse model of COPD. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:643-651. [PMID: 27660011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liujunzi Tang is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in East Asia and clinically applied to treat Phlegm-Heat Syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Liujunzi Tang on cigarette smoke-induced (CS) mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and explore its potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice received 1h of cigarette smoke for 8 weeks. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were tested by biochemical methods. Histopathological alteration was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Additionally, the expressions of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κBp65) and (inhibitor of NF-κB)IκB-α were determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Liujunzi Tang enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and attenuated the levels of lipid oxidative production, meanwhile significantly inhibited the generations of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that Liujunzi Tang exhibited the protective effect on cigarette smoke-induced COPD mice by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties through the inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Lei
- Pharmaceutical Animal Experiment Center of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - He He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiayun Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Liu Q, Lin X, Li H, Yuan J, Peng Y, Dong L, Dai S. Paeoniflorin ameliorates renal function in cyclophosphamide-induced mice via AMPK suppressed inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1899-1905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Chunhua M, Long H, Zhu W, Liu Z, Jie R, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Betulin inhibited cigarette smoke-induced COPD in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:679-686. [PMID: 27899253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of betulin (BE) on CS (cigarette smoke)-induced COPD in mice and explore its underlying mechanisms. 60 male ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: control group, model group, dexamethasone (2mg/kg) group, BE (20mg/kg) group and BE (40mg/kg) group. The COPD mice were induced by cigarette smoke exposure for 8 weeks. The result of H&E staining demonstrated that BE inhibited CS-induced pathological injury in lung tissue. Besides, BE could restore the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and in lung, catalase (CAT) in serum and reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and in lung. BE also inhibited the overproductions of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, the administration of BE significantly inhibited the protein expression of ROCK/NF-κB pathway in CS-induced mice. Our findings suggested that BE might effectively ameliorate the progression of COPD via ROCK/NF-κB pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Chunhua
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China.
| | - Weina Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Ruan Jie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001,China
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Huang Z, Nan C, Wang H, Su Q, Xue W, Chen Y, Shan X, Duan J, Chen G, Tao W. Crocetin ester improves myocardial ischemia via Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:186-93. [PMID: 27285672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crocetin ester (CE) is the active ingredient of Crocus sativus L. stigmas and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of CE on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) through Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway and explore its underlying mechanism. Administration of CE (25 and 50mg/kg) could significantly reduce the serum contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, pretreatment with CE attenuated the contents of creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum. Treatment with CE also improved the histopathological alteration and decreased the ST elevation. Furthermore, CE could ameliorate the cardiac expressions of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), MDA5, Rho, ROCK, p-IκB and p-NF-κBp65 in ISO-induced rats. It was assumed that CE might be a new therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AMI possibly through the inhibition of Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Huang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Nan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenda Xue
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Luo F, Zhou R, Lei H, Mou Y, Zhang P, Sun Y, Chen T, He L, Yan T. Umbelliferone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury linked with regulation of TLRs–MyD88 and RIP140/NF-κB signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone (Umb), isolated from the chloroform fraction of Potentilla evestita, exerts a variety of pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Hui Lei
- Pharmaceutical Experiment Center of China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Yi Mou
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 225300
- China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Department of Pharmacology
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| |
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