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Patil P, Vankani A, Sawant K. Design, optimization and characterization of atorvastatin loaded chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles based transdermal patch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133219. [PMID: 38897514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Atorvastatin (ATO) loaded chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECN) incorporated transdermal patch was developed to enhance its skin permeability and bioavailability. METHODOLOGY The ATO loaded PECN were prepared by ionic gelation method and optimized by Box-Behnken design. The optimized batches were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, in vitro, ex vivo, cell line and stability studies. The optimized ATO-PECN were incorporated into transdermal patches by solvent evaporation method and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, ex vivo skin permeation, in vivo pharmacokinetics and stability study. RESULTS The optimized batch of ATO-PECN had average size of 219.2 ± 5.98 nm with 82.68 ± 2.63 % entrapment and 25.41 ± 3.29 mV zeta potential. ATO-PECN showed sustained drug release and higher skin permeation. The cell line study showed that ATO-PECN increased the cell permeability of ATO as compared to ATO suspension. ATO-PECN loaded transdermal patch showed higher skin permeation. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the ATO-PECN transdermal patch showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in pharmacokinetic parameters as compared to marketed oral tablet, confirming enhancement in bioavailability of ATO. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present work concluded that the ATO-PECN loaded transdermal patch is a promising novel drug delivery system for poorly bioavailable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Patil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankit Vankani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Krutika Sawant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Celik EG, Eroglu O. Ruxolitinib-loaded poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles inhibit JAK2/STAT5 signaling in BT474 breast cancer cells by downregulating Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:832. [PMID: 39037638 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JAK/STAT signaling plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation. Reducing proliferation and inducing cell death with gene-specific inhibitors such as ruxolitinib, Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) inhibitor targeting JAK1/2, are therapeutic approaches. The use of nanoparticles can reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs, as they act directly on cancer cells and can selectively increase drug accumulation in tumor cells. Poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) is a polymer that is frequently used in drug development. In this study, Rux-PCL-NPs were synthesized to increase the effectiveness of ruxolitinib. In addition, this study aimed to determine the effect of Rux-PCL-NPs on JAK/STAT signaling and apoptotic cell death. METHODS AND RESULTS Rux-PCL-NPs were synthesized by nanoprecipitation. The Rux-PCL-NPs had a spherical and mean particle size of 219 ± 88.66 nm and a zeta potential of 0.471 ± 0.453 mV. In vitro cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were determined by MTT and soft agar colony formation assays, respectively. The effects of ruxolitinib, PCL-NPs, and Rux-PCL-NPs on apoptosis and the JAK/STAT pathway in cells were examined by western blot analysis. PCL-NPs did not have a toxic effect on the cells. The IC50 value of Rux-PCL-NPs was decreased 50-fold compared to that of ruxolitinib. Rux-PCL-NPs promoted cell death by downregulating JAK2 and STAT5, thereby inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that Rux-PCL-NPs, which increased the efficacy of ruxolitinib, regulated apoptosis and the JAK2/STAT5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Guvenir Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Education, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Onur Eroglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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3
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Maslizan M, Haris MS, Ajat M, Md Jamil SNA, Azhar SC, Zahid NI, Mat Azmi ID. Non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles as nanocarriers for enhanced drug encapsulation of atorvastatin calcium and proanthocyanidins. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 260:105377. [PMID: 38325712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) have a strong antioxidant activity, that can benefit to reduce the atherosclerotic plaque progression. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of ATV is greatly reduced due to its limited drug solubility while the PAC drug is unstable upon exposure to the atmospheric oxygen. Herein, the lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCNPs) constructed by a binary mixture of soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and citric acid ester of monoglyceride (citrem) at different weight ratios were used to encapsulate the hydrophobic ATV and hydrophilic PAC. The LLCNPs were further characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering. Depending on the lipid composition, the systems have a size range of 140-190 nm and were able to encapsulate both drugs in the range of 90-100%. Upon increasing the citrem content of drug-loaded LLCNPs, the hexosomes (H2) was completely transformed to an emulsified inverse micellar (L2). The optimum encapsulation efficiency (EE) of ATV and PAC were obtained in citrem/SPC weight ratio 4:1 (L2) and 1:1 (H2), respectively. There was a substantial change in the mean size and PDI of the nanoparticles upon 30 days of storage with the ATV-loaded LLCNPs exhibiting greater colloidal instability than PAC-loaded LLCNPs. The biphasic released pattern (burst released at the initial stage followed by the sustained released at the later stage) was perceived in ATV formulation, while the burst drug released pattern was observed in PAC formulations that could be attributed by its internal H2 structure. Interestingly, the cytokine studies showed that the PAC-LLCNPs promisingly up regulate the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) better than the drug-free and ATV-loaded LLCNPs samples. The structural tunability of citrem/SPC nanoparticles and their effect on physicochemical characteristic, biological activities and potential as an alternative drug delivery platform in the treatment of atherosclerosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardhiah Maslizan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Salahuddin Haris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shah Christirani Azhar
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - N Idayu Zahid
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Diana Mat Azmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Rossetti A, Real DA, Barrientos BA, Allemandi DA, Paredes AJ, Real JP, Palma SD. Significant progress in improving Atorvastatin dissolution rate: Physicochemical characterization and stability assessment of self-dispersible Atorvastatin/Tween 80® nanocrystals formulated through wet milling and freeze-drying. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123720. [PMID: 38110014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATV) is a first-line drug for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This drug presents biopharmaceutical problems, partly due to its low solubility and dissolution rate. In this work, nanocrystals of ATV stabilized with Tween 80® were designed by wet milling. A full factorial design was applied to optimize the process. Additionally, a cryoprotectant agent (maltodextrin, MTX) was identified, which allowed maintaining the properties of the nanocrystals after lyophilization. The storage stability of the nanocrystals was demonstrated for six months in different conditions. The obtained nanocrystal powder was characterized using SEM, EDXS, TEM, DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD, showing the presence of irregular crystals with semi-amorphous characteristics, likely due to the particle collision process. Based on the reduction in particle size and the decrease in drug crystallinity, a significant increase in water and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) solubility by 4 and 6 times, respectively, was observed. On the other hand, a noticeable increase in the dissolution rate was observed, with 90 % of the drug dissolved within 60 min of study, compared to 30 % of the drug dissolved within 12 h in the case of the untreated drug or the physical mixture of components. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the nano-milling of Atorvastatin stabilized with Tween 80® is a promising strategy for developing new formulations with improved biopharmaceutical properties of this widely used drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rossetti
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Andrés Real
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bruno Andrés Barrientos
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Allemandi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Paredes
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Real
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Daniel Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Dayar E, Pechanova O. Targeted Strategy in Lipid-Lowering Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051090. [PMID: 35625827 PMCID: PMC9138651 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is characterized by a diminished lipid profile, including increased level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and reduced level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Lipid-lowering agents represent an efficient tool for the prevention or reduction of progression of atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases and metabolic syndrome. Statins, ezetimibe, and recently proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are the most effective and used drugs in clinical lipid-lowering therapy. These drugs are mainly aimed to lower cholesterol levels by different mechanisms of actions. Statins, the agents of the first-line therapy—known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors—suppress the liver cholesterol synthesis. Ezetimibe as the second-line therapy can decrease cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. Finally, the PCSK9 inhibitors act as an inducer of LDL excretion. In spite of their beneficial lipid-lowering properties, many patients suffer from their serious side effects, route of administration, or unsatisfactory physicochemical characteristics. Clinical demand for dose reduction and the improvement of bioavailability as well as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile has resulted in the development of a new targeted therapy that includes nanoparticle carriers, emulsions or vaccination often associated with another more subtle form of administration. Targeted therapy aims to exert a more potent drug profile with lipid-lowering properties either alone or in mutual combination to potentiate their beneficial effects. This review describes the most effective lipid-lowering drugs, their favorable and adverse effects, as well as targeted therapy and alternative treatments to help reduce or prevent atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular events.
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Tessier N, Moawad F, Amri N, Brambilla D, Martel C. Focus on the Lymphatic Route to Optimize Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1200. [PMID: 34452161 PMCID: PMC8398144 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While oral agents have been the gold standard for cardiovascular disease therapy, the new generation of treatments is switching to other administration options that offer reduced dosing frequency and more efficacy. The lymphatic network is a unidirectional and low-pressure vascular system that is responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluids, molecules, and cells from the peripheral tissue, including the skin and the intestines. Targeting the lymphatic route for drug delivery employing traditional or new technologies and drug formulations is exponentially gaining attention in the quest to avoid the hepatic first-pass effect. The present review will give an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the lymphatic vessels in drug delivery in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Tessier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Fatma Moawad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Nada Amri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Catherine Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.T.); (N.A.)
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
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Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050711. [PMID: 33652927 PMCID: PMC7956757 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading sources of mortality and morbidity in the world. Primary and secondary prevention appear crucial to reduce CAD-related complications. In this scenario, statin treatment was shown to be clinically effective in the reduction of adverse events, but systemic administration provides suboptimal results. As an attempt to improve bioavailability and effectiveness, polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery were recently investigated. Polymers and nanoparticles can help statin delivery and their effects by increasing oral bioavailability or enhancing target-specific interaction, leading to reduced vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduced intimal hyperplasia, reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury, increased cardiac regeneration, positive remodeling in the extracellular matrix, reduced neointimal growth and increased re-endothelization. Moreover, some innovative aspects described in other cardiovascular fields could be translated into the CAD scenario. Recent preclinical studies are underlining the effect of statins in the stimulation and differentiation of endogenous cardiac stem cells, as well as in targeting of local adverse conditions implicated in atherosclerosis, and statin delivery through poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) appears the most promising aspect of current research to enhance drug activity. The present review intends to summarize the current evidence about polymers and nanoparticles for statin delivery in the field of cardiovascular disease, trying to shed light on this topic and identify new avenues for future studies.
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Girgis GNS. Formulation and Evaluation of Atorvastatin Calcium-Poly-ε-Caprolactone Nanoparticles Loaded Ocular Inserts for Sustained Release and Antiinflammatory Efficacy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 21:1688-1698. [PMID: 32427080 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200519133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The work was performed to investigate the feasibility of preparing ocular inserts loaded with Poly-ε-Caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles as a sustained ocular delivery system. METHODS First, Atorvastatin Calcium-Poly-ε-Caprolactone (ATC-PCL) nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. Then, the optimized nanoparticles were loaded within inserts formulated with Methylcellulose (MC) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) by a solvent casting technique and evaluated physically, for in-vitro drug release profile. Finally, an in-vivo study was performed on the selected formulation to prove non-irritability and sustained ocular anti-inflammatory efficacy compared with free drug-loaded ocuserts. RESULTS The results revealed (ATC-PCL) nanoparticles prepared with 0.5% pluronic F127 were optimized with 181.72±3.6 nm particle size, 0.12±0.02 (PDI) analysis, -27.4± 0.69 mV zeta potential and 62.41%±4.7% entrapment efficiency. Nanoparticles loaded ocuserts manifested compatibility between drug and formulation polymers. Moreover, formulations complied with average weight 0.055±0.002 to 0.143±0.023 mg, and accepted pH. ATC-PCL nanoparticles loaded inserts prepared by 5% MC showed more sustained, prolonged in-vitro release over 24h. In-vivo study emphasized non-irritability, ocular anti-inflammatory effectiveness represented by smaller lid closure scores, and statistically significant lowering in PMN count after 3h. CONCLUSION These findings proposed a possibly simple, new and affordable price technique to prepare promising (ATC-PCL) nanoparticles loaded inserts to achieve sustained release with prolonged antiinflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germeen N S Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Shaker MA, Elbadawy HM, Al Thagfan SS, Shaker MA. Enhancement of atorvastatin oral bioavailability via encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2020; 592:120077. [PMID: 33246047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that atrovastatin (At) is being one of the bestselling statins used to prevent complicated cardiovascular diseases, its low oral bioavailability decreases its clinical relevance. Herein, incorporation of At into ethylcellulose nanoparticles (At-NPs) was executed to test if it would enhance its oral bioavailability. The emulsification-evaporation method was used to prepare the At-NPs. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by measuring the particle size, zeta potential as well as using FTIR, DSC, and XRD examination. The entrapment efficiency, drug content, and the in vitro release behavior of At-NPs were also examined. The in vivo oral bioavailability of the selected At-NPs formula was tested after being given orally to New Zealand rabbits. The nanoparticles obtained had a high drug content and a distinct spherical shape but with varying sizes. No physical or chemical interactions were detected between At and the nanoparticles as confirmed by FTIR, DSC, and XRD. The in vitro release study of At from the prepared At-NPs has shown nanoparticles size-dependent release behavior. The in vivo oral absorption testing confirmed the bioavailability of the prepared At-NPs to be as follows: (Cmax = 940 ng/ml and AUC0-12 = 8759 ng.h/ml) > Lipitor® (Cmax = 635 ng/ml and AUC0-12 = 4367 ng.h/ml) > At (Cmax = 515 ng/ml and AUC0-12 = 2517 ng.h/ml). These results revealed that the oral formula of At-NPs increases the bioavailability of At 3.87 times. This makes ethylcellulose nanoparticles an esteemed candidate nano-vehicle for At, increasing its bioavailability and thus improving its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Shaker
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 30040, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia; Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, PO Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hossein M Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan S Al Thagfan
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Shaker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Tizaoui C, Galai H, Barrio M, Clevers S, Couvrat N, Dupray V, Coquerel G, Tamarit JL, Rietveld IB. Does the trihydrate of atorvastatin calcium possess a melting point? Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 148:105334. [PMID: 32259678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To decide whether an active pharmaceutical ingredient can be used in its amorphous form in drug formulations, often the glass transition is studied in relation to the melting point of the pharmaceutical. If the glass transition temperature is high enough and found relatively close to the melting point, the pharmaceutical is considered to be a good glass former. However, it is obviously important that the observed melting point and glass transition involve exactly the same system, otherwise the two temperatures cannot be compared. Although this may seem trivial, in the case of hydrates, where water may leave the system on heating, the composition of the system may not be evident. Atorvastatin calcium is a case in point, where confusing terminology, absence of a proper anhydrate form, and loss of water on heating lead to several doubtful conclusions in the literature. However, considering that no anhydrate crystal has ever been observed and that the glass transition of the anhydrous system is found at 144 °C, it can be concluded that if the system is kept isolated from water, the chances that atorvastatin calcium crystallises at room temperature is negligible. The paper discusses the various thermal effects of atorvastatin calcium on heating and proposes a tentative binary phase diagram with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Tizaoui
- SMS Laboratory (EA 3233), Université de Rouen-Normandie, Place Émile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; Laboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis (LMTA), National Institute of Research and Physical-chemical Analysis, Technopark of Sidi-Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Haykel Galai
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis (LMTA), National Institute of Research and Physical-chemical Analysis, Technopark of Sidi-Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Catalonia, Barcelona E-08019, Spain
| | - Simon Clevers
- SMS Laboratory (EA 3233), Université de Rouen-Normandie, Place Émile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France
| | - Nicolas Couvrat
- SMS Laboratory (EA 3233), Université de Rouen-Normandie, Place Émile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France
| | - Valérie Dupray
- SMS Laboratory (EA 3233), Université de Rouen-Normandie, Place Émile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- SMS Laboratory (EA 3233), Université de Rouen-Normandie, Place Émile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France
| | - Josep-Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, Catalonia, Barcelona E-08019, Spain
| | - Ivo B Rietveld
- SMS Laboratory (EA 3233), Université de Rouen-Normandie, Place Émile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'observatoire, Paris 75006, France.
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García-Guzmán P, Medina-Torres L, Calderas F, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Gracia-Mora J, Mena B, Manero O. Characterization of hybrid microparticles/Montmorillonite composite with raspberry-like morphology for Atorvastatin controlled release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alarçin E, Lee TY, Karuthedom S, Mohammadi M, Brennan MA, Lee DH, Marrella A, Zhang J, Syla D, Zhang YS, Khademhosseini A, Jang HL. Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels for delivering osteogenic and angiogenic cells and growth factors. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1604-1615. [PMID: 29736522 PMCID: PMC6016025 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone nonunion may occur when the fracture is unstable, or blood supply is impeded. To provide an effective treatment for the healing of nonunion defects, we introduce an injectable osteogenic hydrogel that can deliver cells and vasculogenic growth factors. We used a silicate-based shear-thinning hydrogel (STH) to engineer an injectable scaffold and incorporated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles that entrap and release vasculogenic growth factors in a controlled manner. By adjusting the solid composition of gelatin and silicate nanoplatelets in the STH, we defined optimal conditions that enable injection of STHs, which can deliver cells and growth factors. Different types of STHs could be simultaneously injected into 3D constructs through a single extrusion head composed of multiple syringes and needles, while maintaining their engineered structure in a continuous manner. The injected STHs were also capable of filling any irregularly shaped defects in bone. Osteogenic cells and endothelial cells were encapsulated in STHs with and without vasculogenic growth factors, respectively, and when co-cultured, their growth and differentiation were significantly enhanced compared to cells grown in monoculture. This study introduces an initial step of developing a new platform of shape-tunable materials with controlled release of angiogenic growth factors by utilizing PCL nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Alarçin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Qin L, Niu Y, Wang Y, Chen X. Combination of Phospholipid Complex and Submicron Emulsion Techniques for Improving Oral Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Water-Insoluble Drug. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1238-1247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, High Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, High Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., No. 134, Jiangnan Dadao Zhong, Guangzhou 510240, P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, High Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280, Waihuandong Road, High Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Mishra B, Padaliya R, Patel RR. Exemestane encapsulated vitamin E-TPGS–polymeric nanoparticles: preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:522-534. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1163714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ravi Padaliya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ravi R. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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Khan G, Patel RR, Yadav SK, Kumar N, Chaurasia S, Ajmal G, Mishra PK, Mishra B. Development, optimization and evaluation of tinidazole functionalized electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofiber membranes for the treatment of periodontitis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed work is focused to alleviate shortcomings in the treatment of periodontitis by electrospinning of a novel biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanofiber membrane functionalized with tinidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayasuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Ravi R. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Sarita K. Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Nagendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Sundeep Chaurasia
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Gufran Ajmal
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Pradeep K. Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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