1
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Huang S, Ji H, Zheng J. Structural and computational insights into the regioselectivity of SpnK involved in rhamnose methylation of spinosyn. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126763. [PMID: 37703985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnose methylation of spinosyn critical for insecticidal activity is orchestrated by substrate specificity of three S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferases (MTs). Previous in vitro enzymatic assays indicate that 3'-O-MT SpnK accepts the rhamnosylated aglycone (RAGL) and 2'-O-methylated RAGL as substrates, but does not tolerate the presence of a methoxy moiety at the O-4' position of the rhamnose unit. Here we solved the crystal structures of apo and ligand-bound SpnK, and used molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to decipher the molecular basis of substrate specificity. SpnK assembles into a tetramer, with each set of three monomers forming an integrated substrate binding pocket. The MD simulations of SpnK complexed with RAGL or 2'-O-methylated RAGL revealed that the 4'-hydroxyl of the rhamnose unit formed a hydrogen bond with a conserved Asp299 of the catalytic center, which is disrupted in structures of SpnK complexed with 4'-O-methylated RAGL or 2',4'-di-O-methylated RAGL. Comparison with SpnI methylating the C2'-hydroxyl of RAGL reveals a correlation between a DLQT/DLWT motif and the selectivity of rhamnose O-MTs. Together, our structural and computational results revealed the structural basis of substrate specificity of rhamnose O-MTs and would potentially help the engineering of spinosyn derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huining Ji
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Cornelissen NV, Mineikaitė R, Erguven M, Muthmann N, Peters A, Bartels A, Rentmeister A. Post-synthetic benzylation of the mRNA 5' cap via enzymatic cascade reactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10962-10970. [PMID: 37829022 PMCID: PMC10566477 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNAs are emerging modalities for vaccination and protein replacement therapy. Increasing the amount of protein produced by stabilizing the transcript or enhancing translation without eliciting a strong immune response are major steps towards overcoming the present limitations and improving their therapeutic potential. The 5' cap is a hallmark of mRNAs and non-natural modifications can alter the properties of the entire transcript selectively. Here, we developed a versatile enzymatic cascade for regioselective benzylation of various biomolecules and applied it for post-synthetic modification of mRNA at the 5' cap to demonstrate its potential. Starting from six synthetic methionine analogues bearing (hetero-)benzyl groups, S-adenosyl-l-methionine analogues are formed and utilized for N7G-cap modification of mRNAs. This post-synthetic enzymatic modification exclusively modifies mRNAs at the terminal N7G, producing mRNAs with functional 5' caps. It avoids the wrong orientation of the 5' cap-a problem in common co-transcriptional capping. In the case of the 4-chlorobenzyl group, protein production was increased to 139% during in vitro translation and to 128-150% in four different cell lines. This 5' cap modification did not activate cytosolic pathogen recognition receptors TLR3, TLR7 or TLR8 significantly more than control mRNAs, underlining its potential to contribute to the development of future mRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Cornelissen
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - R Mineikaitė
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - M Erguven
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
- University of Münster, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre Waldeyerstr. 15 48149 Münster Germany
| | - N Muthmann
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - A Peters
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - A Bartels
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - A Rentmeister
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry Corrensstr. 36 48149 Münster Germany
- University of Münster, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre Waldeyerstr. 15 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Bastidas Ángel AY, Campos PRO, Alberto EE. Synthetic application of chalcogenonium salts: beyond sulfonium. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:223-236. [PMID: 36503911 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of chalcogenonium salts in organic synthesis has grown enormously in the past decades since the discovery of the methyltransferase enzyme cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), featuring a sulfonium center as the reactive functional group. Chalcogenonium salts can be employed as alkylating agents, sources of ylides and carbon-centered radicals, partners for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and organocatalysts. Herein, we will focus the discussion on heavier chalcogenonium salts (selenonium and telluronium), presenting their utility in synthetic organic transformations and, whenever possible, drawing comparisons in terms of reactivity and selectivity with the respective sulfonium analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Y Bastidas Ángel
- Grupo de Síntese e Catálise Orgânica - GSCO, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Philipe Raphael O Campos
- Grupo de Síntese e Catálise Orgânica - GSCO, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo E Alberto
- Grupo de Síntese e Catálise Orgânica - GSCO, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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4
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Wen X, Leisinger F, Leopold V, Seebeck FP. Synthetic Reagents for Enzyme‐Catalyzed Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208746. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wen
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian Leisinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Viviane Leopold
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
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5
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Leveson‐Gower RB, Roelfes G. Biocatalytic Friedel-Crafts Reactions. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200636. [PMID: 36606067 PMCID: PMC9804301 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions are important methodologies in synthetic and industrial chemistry for the construction of aryl-alkyl and aryl-acyl linkages that are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules. Nature also exploits these reactions in many biosynthetic processes. Much work has been done to expand the synthetic application of these enzymes to unnatural substrates through directed evolution. The promise of such biocatalysts is their potential to supersede inefficient and toxic chemical approaches to these reactions, with mild operating conditions - the hallmark of enzymes. Complementary work has created many bio-hybrid Friedel-Crafts catalysts consisting of chemical catalysts anchored into biomolecular scaffolds, which display many of the same desirable characteristics. In this Review, we summarise these efforts, focussing on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic considerations, concluding with an overview of the frontiers of this field and routes towards more efficient and benign Friedel-Crafts reactions for the future of humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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6
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Wen X, Leisinger F, Leopold V, Seebeck FP. Synthetic reagents for enzyme‐catalyzed methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wen
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Florian Leisinger
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Viviane Leopold
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Department of Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- University of Basel Department of Chemistry St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel SWITZERLAND
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7
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Abdelraheem E, Thair B, Varela RF, Jockmann E, Popadić D, Hailes HC, Ward JM, Iribarren AM, Lewkowicz ES, Andexer JN, Hagedoorn PL, Hanefeld U. Methyltransferases, functions and applications. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200212. [PMID: 35691829 PMCID: PMC9539859 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review the current state‐of‐the‐art of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferases and SAM are evaluated. Their structural classification and diversity is introduced and key mechanistic aspects presented which are then detailed further. Then, catalytic SAM as a target for drugs, and approaches to utilise SAM as a cofactor in synthesis are introduced with different supply and regeneration approaches evaluated. The use of SAM analogues are also described. Finally O‐, N‐, C‐ and S‐MTs, their synthetic applications and potential for compound diversification is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Thair
- University College London Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Romina Fernández Varela
- Universidad nacional di Quilmes, 3Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones y Química de Ácidos Nucleicos, ARGENTINA
| | - Emely Jockmann
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Universitatsbibliothek Freiburg, Pharmacie, GERMANY
| | | | - Helen C Hailes
- University College London Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John M Ward
- University College London, Department of Biochemical Engineering, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Adolfo M Iribarren
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 3Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones y Química de Ácidos Nucleicos, ARGENTINA
| | - Elizabeth S Lewkowicz
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones y Química de Ácidos Nucleicos, ARGENTINA
| | | | | | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Technische Universiteit Delft, Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, NETHERLANDS
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8
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Giri GR, Saxena P. Mycobacterial MMAR_2193 catalyzes O-methylation of diverse polyketide cores. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262241. [PMID: 34986163 PMCID: PMC8730385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
O-methylation of small molecules is a common modification widely present in most organisms. Type III polyketides undergo O-methylation at hydroxyl end to play a wide spectrum of roles in bacteria, plants, algae, and fungi. Mycobacterium marinum harbours a distinctive genomic cluster with a type III pks gene and genes for several polyketide modifiers including a methyltransferase gene, mmar_2193. This study reports functional analyses of MMAR_2193 and reveals multi-methylating potential of the protein. Comparative sequence analyses revealed conservation of catalytically important motifs in MMAR_2193 protein. Homology-based structure-function and molecular docking studies suggested type III polyketide cores as possible substrates for MMAR_2193 catalysis. In vitro enzymatic characterization revealed the capability of MMAR_2193 protein to utilize diverse polyphenolic substrates to methylate several hydroxyl positions on a single substrate molecule. High-resolution mass spectrometric analyses identified multi-methylations of type III polyketides in cell-free reconstitution assays. Notably, our metabolomics analyses identified some of these methylated molecules in biofilms of wild type Mycobacterium marinum. This study characterizes a novel mycobacterial O-methyltransferase protein with multi-methylating enzymatic ability that could be exploited to generate a palette of structurally distinct bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorkha Raj Giri
- Chemical Biology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti Saxena
- Chemical Biology Group, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, India
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9
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Martins NS, Ángel AYB, Anghinoni JM, Lenardão EJ, Barcellos T, Alberto EE. From Stoichiometric Reagents to Catalytic Partners: Selenonium Salts as Alkylating Agents for Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Silva Martins
- Grupo de Síntese e Catálise Orgânica – GSCO Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Alix Y. Bastidas Ángel
- Grupo de Síntese e Catálise Orgânica – GSCO Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - João M. Anghinoni
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel P.O. box 354 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel P.O. box 354 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products Universidade de Caxias do Sul 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS Brazil
| | - Eduardo E. Alberto
- Grupo de Síntese e Catálise Orgânica – GSCO Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – UFMG 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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10
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Schülke KH, Ospina F, Hörnschemeyer K, Gergel S, Hammer SC. Substrate profiling of anion methyltransferases for promiscuous synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine analogs from haloalkanes. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100632. [PMID: 34927779 PMCID: PMC9303522 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic alkylation reactions can be performed with high chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity using S -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs) and SAM analogs. Currently, however, this methodology is limited in application due to the rather laborious protocols to access SAM analogs. It has recently been shown that halide methyltransferases (HMTs) enable synthesis and recycling of SAM analogs with readily available haloalkanes as starting material. Here we expand this work by using substrate profiling of the anion MT enzyme family to explore promiscuous SAM analog synthesis. Our study shows that anion MTs are in general very promiscuous with respect to the alkyl chain as well as the halide leaving group. Substrate profiling further suggests that promiscuous anion MTs cluster in sequence space. Next to iodoalkanes, cheaper, less toxic and more available bromoalkanes have been converted and several haloalkanes bearing short alkyl groups, alkyl rings, and functional groups such as alkene, alkyne and aromatic moieties are accepted as substrates. Further, we applied the SAM analogs as electrophiles in enzyme-catalyzed regioselective pyrazole allylation with 3-bromopropene as starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai H Schülke
- Universität Bielefeld: Universitat Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Felipe Ospina
- Universität Bielefeld: Universitat Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, GERMANY
| | | | - Sebastian Gergel
- Universität Bielefeld: Universitat Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, GERMANY
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11
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Sangster JJ, Marshall JR, Turner NJ, Mangas-Sanchez J. New Trends and Future Opportunities in the Enzymatic Formation of C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100464. [PMID: 34726813 PMCID: PMC9401909 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic chemistry provides society with fundamental products we use daily. Concerns about the impact that the chemical industry has over the environment is propelling major changes in the way we manufacture chemicals. Biocatalysis offers an alternative to other synthetic approaches as it employs enzymes, Nature's catalysts, to carry out chemical transformations. Enzymes are biodegradable, come from renewable sources, operate under mild reaction conditions, and display high selectivities in the processes they catalyse. As a highly multidisciplinary field, biocatalysis benefits from advances in different areas, and developments in the fields of molecular biology, bioinformatics, and chemical engineering have accelerated the extension of the range of available transformations (E. L. Bell et al., Nat. Rev. Meth. Prim. 2021, 1, 1-21). Recently, we surveyed advances in the expansion of the scope of biocatalysis via enzyme discovery and protein engineering (J. R. Marshall et al., Tetrahedron 2021, 82, 131926). Herein, we focus on novel enzymes currently available to the broad synthetic community for the construction of new C-C, C-N and C-O bonds, with the purpose of providing the non-specialist with new and alternative tools for chiral and sustainable chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Sangster
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - James R Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Jalali E, Thorson JS. Enzyme-mediated bioorthogonal technologies: catalysts, chemoselective reactions and recent methyltransferase applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:290-298. [PMID: 33901763 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transferases have emerged as among the best catalysts for enzyme-mediated bioorthogonal functional group installation to advance innovative in vitro, cell-based and in vivo chemical biology applications. This review introduces the key considerations for selecting enzyme catalysts and chemoselective reactions most amenable to bioorthogonal platform development and highlights relevant key technology development and applications for one ubiquitous transferase subclass - methyltransferases (MTs). Within this context, recent advances in MT-enabled bioorthogonal labeling/conjugation relevant to DNA, RNA, protein, and natural products (i.e. complex small molecule metabolites) are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Jalali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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13
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Popadić D, Mhaindarkar D, Dang Thai MHN, Hailes HC, Mordhorst S, Andexer JN. A bicyclic S-adenosylmethionine regeneration system applicable with different nucleosides or nucleotides as cofactor building blocks. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:883-891. [PMID: 34179784 PMCID: PMC8190896 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is part of numerous biochemical reactions in metabolism, epigenetics, and cancer development. As methylation usually improves physiochemical properties of compounds relevant for pharmaceutical use, the sustainable use of SAM as a methyl donor in biotechnological applications is an important goal. SAM-dependent methyltransferases are consequently an emerging biocatalytic tool for environmentally friendly and selective alkylations. However, SAM shows undesirable characteristics such as degradation under mild conditions and its stoichiometric use is economically not reasonable. Here, we report an optimised biomimetic system for the regeneration of SAM and SAM analogues consisting of effective nucleoside triphosphate formation and an additional l-methionine regeneration cycle without by-product accumulation. The bicyclic system uses seven enzymes, S-methylmethionine as methyl donor and a surplus of inorganic polyphosphate, along with catalytic amounts of l-methionine and cofactor building block reaching conversions of up to 99% (up to 200 turnovers). We also show that the cycle can be run with cofactor building blocks containing different purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, which can be fed in at the nucleoside or nucleotide stage. These alternative cofactors are in turn converted to the corresponding SAM analogues, which are considered to be a key for the development of bioorthogonal systems. In addition to purified enzymes, the bicyclic system can also be used with crude lysates highlighting its broad biocatalytic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Popadić
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dipali Mhaindarkar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Mike H N Dang Thai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jennifer N Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
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14
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Tang Q, Grathwol CW, Aslan‐Üzel AS, Wu S, Link A, Pavlidis IV, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Directed Evolution of a Halide Methyltransferase Enables Biocatalytic Synthesis of Diverse SAM Analogs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1524-1527. [PMID: 33108827 PMCID: PMC7839550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic alkylations are important reactions to obtain chemo-, regio- and stereoselectively alkylated compounds. This can be achieved using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases and SAM analogs. It was recently shown that a halide methyltransferase (HMT) from Chloracidobacterium thermophilum can synthesize SAM from SAH and methyl iodide. We developed an iodide-based assay for the directed evolution of an HMT from Arabidopsis thaliana and used it to identify a V140T variant that can also accept ethyl-, propyl-, and allyl iodide to produce the corresponding SAM analogs (90, 50, and 70 % conversion of 15 mg SAH). The V140T AtHMT was used in one-pot cascades with O-methyltransferases (IeOMT or COMT) to achieve the regioselective ethylation of luteolin and allylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. While a cascade for the propylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde gave low conversion, the propyl-SAH intermediate could be confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Tang
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Christoph W. Grathwol
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GreifswaldFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 1717489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Aşkın S. Aslan‐Üzel
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of GreifswaldFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 1717489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Ioannis V. Pavlidis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CreteVoutes University Campus70013HeraklionGreece
| | | | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417489GreifswaldGermany
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15
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Tang Q, Grathwol CW, Aslan‐Üzel AS, Wu S, Link A, Pavlidis IV, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Die gerichtete Evolution einer Halogenid‐Methyltransferase erlaubt die biokatalytische Synthese diverser SAM‐Analoga. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Tang
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17489 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Christoph W. Grathwol
- Institut für Pharmazie Universität Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17 17489 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Aşkın S. Aslan‐Üzel
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17489 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Shuke Wu
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17489 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Andreas Link
- Institut für Pharmazie Universität Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17 17489 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Ioannis V. Pavlidis
- Abteilung Chemie Universität Kreta, Voutes University Campus 70013 Heraklion Griechenland
| | | | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17489 Greifswald Deutschland
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16
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Herbert AJ, Shepherd SA, Cronin VA, Bennett MR, Sung R, Micklefield J. Engineering Orthogonal Methyltransferases to Create Alternative Bioalkylation Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14950-14956. [PMID: 32402113 PMCID: PMC7496830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs) catalyse the methylation of a vast array of small metabolites and biomacromolecules. Recently, rare carboxymethylation pathways have been discovered, including carboxymethyltransferase enzymes that utilise a carboxy-SAM (cxSAM) cofactor generated from SAM by a cxSAM synthase (CmoA). We show how MT enzymes can utilise cxSAM to catalyse carboxymethylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) and catechol substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create orthogonal MTs possessing improved catalytic activity and selectivity for cxSAM, with subsequent coupling to CmoA resulting in more efficient and selective carboxymethylation. An enzymatic approach was also developed to generate a previously undescribed co-factor, carboxy-S-adenosyl-l-ethionine (cxSAE), thereby enabling the stereoselective transfer of a chiral 1-carboxyethyl group to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Victoria A. Cronin
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Matthew R. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Rehana Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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17
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In vitro Cas9-assisted editing of modular polyketide synthase genes to produce desired natural product derivatives. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4022. [PMID: 32782248 PMCID: PMC7419507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One major bottleneck in natural product drug development is derivatization, which is pivotal for fine tuning lead compounds. A promising solution is modifying the biosynthetic machineries of middle molecules such as macrolides. Although intense studies have established various methodologies for protein engineering of type I modular polyketide synthase(s) (PKSs), the accurate targeting of desired regions in the PKS gene is still challenging due to the high sequence similarity between its modules. Here, we report an innovative technique that adapts in vitro Cas9 reaction and Gibson assembly to edit a target region of the type I modular PKS gene. Proof-of-concept experiments using rapamycin PKS as a template show that heterologous expression of edited biosynthetic gene clusters produced almost all the desired derivatives. Our results are consistent with the promiscuity of modular PKS and thus, our technique will provide a platform to generate rationally designed natural product derivatives for future drug development. Several different genetic strategies have been reported for the modification of polyketide synthases but the highly repetitive modular structure makes this difficult. Here the authors report on an adapted Cas9 reaction and Gibson assembly to edit a target region of the polyketide synthases gene in vitro.
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18
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Adhikari A, Teijaro CN, Yan X, Chang CY, Gui C, Liu YC, Crnovcic I, Yang D, Annaval T, Rader C, Shen B. Characterization of TnmH as an O-Methyltransferase Revealing Insights into Tiancimycin Biosynthesis and Enabling a Biocatalytic Strategy To Prepare Antibody-Tiancimycin Conjugates. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8432-8441. [PMID: 32658465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enediynes are among the most cytotoxic molecules known, and their use as anticancer drugs has been successfully demonstrated by targeted delivery. Clinical advancement of the anthraquinone-fused enediynes has been hindered by their low titers and lack of functional groups to enable the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here we report biochemical and structural characterization of TnmH from the tiancimycin (TNM) biosynthetic pathway, revealing that (i) TnmH catalyzes regiospecific methylation at the C-7 hydroxyl group, (ii) TnmH exhibits broad substrate promiscuity toward hydroxyanthraquinones and S-alkylated SAM analogues and catalyzes efficient installation of reactive alkyl handles, (iii) the X-ray crystal structure of TnmH provides the molecular basis to account for its broad substrate promiscuity, and (iv) TnmH as a biocatalyst enables the development of novel conjugation strategies to prepare antibody-TNM conjugates. These findings should greatly facilitate the construction and evaluation of antibody-TNM conjugates as next-generation ADCs for targeted chemotherapy.
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19
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Mordhorst S, Andexer JN. Round, round we go - strategies for enzymatic cofactor regeneration. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1316-1333. [PMID: 32582886 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the beginning of 2020Enzymes depending on cofactors are essential in many biosynthetic pathways of natural products. They are often involved in key steps: catalytic conversions that are difficult to achieve purely with synthetic organic chemistry. Hence, cofactor-dependent enzymes have great potential for biocatalysis, on the condition that a corresponding cofactor regeneration system is available. For some cofactors, these regeneration systems require multiple steps; such complex enzyme cascades/multi-enzyme systems are (still) challenging for in vitro biocatalysis. Further, artificial cofactor analogues have been synthesised that are more stable, show an altered reaction range, or act as inhibitors. The development of bio-orthogonal systems that can be used for the production of modified natural products in vivo is an ongoing challenge. In light of the recent progress in this field, this review aims to provide an overview of general strategies involving enzyme cofactors, cofactor analogues, and regeneration systems; highlighting the current possibilities for application of enzymes using some of the most common cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Herbert AJ, Shepherd SA, Cronin VA, Bennett MR, Sung R, Micklefield J. Engineering Orthogonal Methyltransferases to Create Alternative Bioalkylation Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Victoria A. Cronin
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Matthew R. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Rehana Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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21
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McKean IJW, Hoskisson PA, Burley GA. Biocatalytic Alkylation Cascades: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities for Late‐Stage Functionalization. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2890-2897. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain J. W. McKean
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE United Kingdom
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
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22
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Huber TD, Clinger JA, Liu Y, Xu W, Miller MD, Phillips GN, Thorson JS. Methionine Adenosyltransferase Engineering to Enable Bioorthogonal Platforms for AdoMet-Utilizing Enzymes. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:695-705. [PMID: 32091873 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The structural conservation among methyltransferases (MTs) and MT functional redundancy is a major challenge to the cellular study of individual MTs. As a first step toward the development of an alternative biorthogonal platform for MTs and other AdoMet-utilizing enzymes, we describe the evaluation of 38 human methionine adenosyltransferase II-α (hMAT2A) mutants in combination with 14 non-native methionine analogues to identify suitable bioorthogonal mutant/analogue pairings. Enabled by the development and implementation of a hMAT2A high-throughput (HT) assay, this study revealed hMAT2A K289L to afford a 160-fold inversion of the hMAT2A selectivity index for a non-native methionine analogue over the native substrate l-Met. Structure elucidation of K289L revealed the mutant to be folded normally with minor observed repacking within the modified substrate pocket. This study highlights the first example of exchanging l-Met terminal carboxylate/amine recognition elements within the hMAT2A active-site to enable non-native bioorthgonal substrate utilization. Additionally, several hMAT2A mutants and l-Met substrate analogues produced AdoMet analogue products with increased stability. As many AdoMet-producing (e.g., hMAT2A) and AdoMet-utlizing (e.g., MTs) enzymes adopt similar active-site strategies for substrate recognition, the proof of concept first generation hMAT2A engineering highlighted herein is expected to translate to a range of AdoMet-utilizing target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Huber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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23
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McKean IJW, Sadler JC, Cuetos A, Frese A, Humphreys LD, Grogan G, Hoskisson PA, Burley GA. S-Adenosyl Methionine Cofactor Modifications Enhance the Biocatalytic Repertoire of Small Molecule C-Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17583-17588. [PMID: 31573135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A tandem enzymatic strategy to enhance the scope of C-alkylation of small molecules via the in situ formation of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) cofactor analogues is described. A solvent-exposed channel present in the SAM-forming enzyme SalL tolerates 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine (ClDA) analogues modified at the 2-position of the adenine nucleobase. Coupling SalL-catalyzed cofactor production with C-(m)ethyl transfer to coumarin substrates catalyzed by the methyltransferase (MTase) NovO forms C-(m)ethylated coumarins in superior yield and greater substrate scope relative to that obtained using cofactors lacking nucleobase modifications. Establishing the molecular determinants that influence C-alkylation provides the basis to develop a late-stage enzymatic platform for the preparation of high value small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J W McKean
- Department or Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 298 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna C Sadler
- Department or Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 298 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.,GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG12NY, UK
| | - Anibal Cuetos
- Department or Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Amina Frese
- Department or Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Luke D Humphreys
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG12NY, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department or Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Paul A Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Glenn A Burley
- Department or Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 298 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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24
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McKean IJW, Sadler JC, Cuetos A, Frese A, Humphreys LD, Grogan G, Hoskisson PA, Burley GA. S
‐Adenosyl Methionine Cofactor Modifications Enhance the Biocatalytic Repertoire of Small Molecule
C
‐Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain J. W. McKean
- Department or Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 298 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
| | - Joanna C. Sadler
- Department or Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 298 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG12NY UK
| | - Anibal Cuetos
- Department or ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Amina Frese
- Department or ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Luke D. Humphreys
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG12NY UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department or ChemistryUniversity of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department or Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 298 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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25
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Muthmann N, Hartstock K, Rentmeister A. Chemo-enzymatic treatment of RNA to facilitate analyses. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2019; 11:e1561. [PMID: 31392842 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Labeling RNA is a recurring problem to make RNA compatible with state-of-the-art methodology and comes in many flavors. Considering only cellular applications, the spectrum still ranges from site-specific labeling of individual transcripts, for example, for live-cell imaging of mRNA trafficking, to metabolic labeling in combination with next generation sequencing to capture dynamic aspects of RNA metabolism on a transcriptome-wide scale. Combining the specificity of RNA-modifying enzymes with non-natural substrates has emerged as a valuable strategy to modify RNA site- or sequence-specifically with functional groups suitable for subsequent bioorthogonal reactions and thus label RNA with reporter moieties such as affinity or fluorescent tags. In this review article, we will cover chemo-enzymatic approaches (a) for in vitro labeling of RNA for application in cells, (b) for treatment of total RNA, and (c) for metabolic labeling of RNA. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing < RNA Editing and Modification RNA Methods < RNA Analyses in vitro and In Silico RNA Methods < RNA Analyses in Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Muthmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katja Hartstock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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26
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27
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In-Cell Synthesis of Bioorthogonal Alkene Tag S-Allyl-Homocysteine and Its Coupling with Reprogrammed Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092299. [PMID: 31075919 PMCID: PMC6539321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report our initial results on in situ biosynthesis of S-allyl-l-homocysteine (Sahc) by simple metabolic conversion of allyl mercaptan in Escherichia coli, which served as the host organism endowed with a direct sulfhydration pathway. The intracellular synthesis we describe in this study is coupled with the direct incorporation of Sahc into proteins in response to methionine codons. Together with O-acetyl-homoserine, allyl mercaptan was added to the growth medium, followed by uptake and intracellular reaction to give Sahc. Our protocol efficiently combined the in vivo synthesis of Sahc via metabolic engineering with reprogrammed translation, without the need for a major change in the protein biosynthesis machinery. Although the system needs further optimisation to achieve greater intracellular Sahc production for complete protein labelling, we demonstrated its functional versatility for photo-induced thiol-ene coupling and the recently developed phosphonamidate conjugation reaction. Importantly, deprotection of Sahc leads to homocysteine-containing proteins-a potentially useful approach for the selective labelling of thiols with high relevance in various medical settings.
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28
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Qiu L, Su M, Wen Z, Zhu X, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis of 3-Hydroxyoxindole Rapamycin Analogues Through Site- and Stereoselective Trapping of Oxonium Ylides in RhII
-Catalyzed Three-Component Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University; 410013 Changsha Hunan China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University; 410013 Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University; 410013 Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University; 410013 Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery; 410011 Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University; 410013 Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery; 410011 Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery; 410011 Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University; 410013 Changsha Hunan China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery; 410011 Changsha Hunan China
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29
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Bennett MR, Thompson ML, Shepherd SA, Dunstan MS, Herbert AJ, Smith DRM, Cronin VA, Menon BRK, Levy C, Micklefield J. Structure and Biocatalytic Scope of Coclaurine N-Methyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10600-10604. [PMID: 29791083 PMCID: PMC6099451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a structurally diverse family of plant secondary metabolites, which have been exploited to develop analgesics, antibiotics, antitumor agents, and other therapeutic agents. Biosynthesis of BIAs proceeds via a common pathway from tyrosine to (S)-reticulene at which point the pathway diverges. Coclaurine N-methyltransferase (CNMT) is a key enzyme in the pathway to (S)-reticulene, installing the N-methyl substituent that is essential for the bioactivity of many BIAs. In this paper, we describe the first crystal structure of CNMT which, along with mutagenesis studies, defines the enzymes active site architecture. The specificity of CNMT was also explored with a range of natural and synthetic substrates as well as co-factor analogues. Knowledge from this study could be used to generate improved CNMT variants required to produce BIAs or synthetic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Bennett
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Mark L. Thompson
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Mark S. Dunstan
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Abigail J. Herbert
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Duncan R. M. Smith
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Victoria A. Cronin
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Binuraj R. K. Menon
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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30
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Bennett MR, Thompson ML, Shepherd SA, Dunstan MS, Herbert AJ, Smith DRM, Cronin VA, Menon BRK, Levy C, Micklefield J. Structure and Biocatalytic Scope of Coclaurine
N
‐Methyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Bennett
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Mark L. Thompson
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Mark S. Dunstan
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Abigail J. Herbert
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Duncan R. M. Smith
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Victoria A. Cronin
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Binuraj R. K. Menon
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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31
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Bennett MR, Shepherd SA, Cronin VA, Micklefield J. Recent advances in methyltransferase biocatalysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 37:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Mordhorst S, Siegrist J, Müller M, Richter M, Andexer JN. Catalytic Alkylation Using a CyclicS-Adenosylmethionine Regeneration System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat; Straubing branch; Schulgasse 11a 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
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33
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Mordhorst S, Siegrist J, Müller M, Richter M, Andexer JN. Catalytic Alkylation Using a CyclicS-Adenosylmethionine Regeneration System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4037-4041. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Bio, Electro and Chemocatalysis BioCat; Straubing branch; Schulgasse 11a 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Jennifer N. Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
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Muttach F, Mäsing F, Studer A, Rentmeister A. New AdoMet Analogues as Tools for Enzymatic Transfer of Photo-Cross-Linkers and Capturing RNA-Protein Interactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:5988-5993. [PMID: 28042932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of biomolecular interactions is of utmost importance in biochemistry. Photo-cross-linking offers the possibility to precisely determine RNA-protein interactions. However, despite the inherent specificity of enzymes, approaches for site-specific introduction of photo-cross-linking moieties into nucleic acids are scarce. Methyltransferases in combination with synthetic analogues of their natural cosubstrate S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) allow for the post-synthetic site-specific modification of biomolecules. We report on three novel AdoMet analogues bearing the most widespread photo-cross-linking moieties (aryl azide, diazirine, and benzophenone). We show that these photo-cross-linkers can be enzymatically transferred to the methyltransferase target, that is, the mRNA cap, with high efficiency. Photo-cross-linking of the resulting modified mRNAs with the cap interacting protein eIF4E was successful with aryl azide and diazirine but not benzophenone, reflecting the affinity of the modified 5' caps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Muttach
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Mäsing
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- University of Münster, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
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35
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Gutmann A, Schiller M, Gruber-Khadjawi M, Nidetzky B. An ortho C-methylation/O-glycosylation motif on a hydroxy-coumarin scaffold, selectively installed by biocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7917-7924. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To achieve near quantitative dual modification of the hydroxy-coumarin scaffold, the C-methylation had to occur strictly before the O-glucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Margaretha Schiller
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Mandana Gruber-Khadjawi
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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36
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Sheehan J, Murphy CD, Caffrey P. New insights into polyene macrolide biosynthesis in Couchioplanes caeruleus. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:866-873. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of 67–121 biosynthesis reveals how aromatic heptaene producers impose double bond geometry and avoid interference with folate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sheehan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - C. D. Murphy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - P. Caffrey
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
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37
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Muttach F, Muthmann N, Rentmeister A. Chemo-enzymatic modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:278-284. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modification at its 5′ cap renders mRNA amenable to bioorthogonal click reactions which can be performed in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Muttach
- University of Münster
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Biochemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Nils Muthmann
- University of Münster
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Biochemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- University of Münster
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Biochemistry
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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38
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Huber TD, Wang F, Singh S, Johnson BR, Zhang J, Sunkara M, Van Lanen SG, Morris AJ, Phillips GN, Thorson JS. Functional AdoMet Isosteres Resistant to Classical AdoMet Degradation Pathways. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2484-91. [PMID: 27351335 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) is an essential enzyme cosubstrate in fundamental biology with an expanding range of biocatalytic and therapeutic applications. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of stable, functional AdoMet isosteres that are resistant to the primary contributors to AdoMet degradation (depurination, intramolecular cyclization, and sulfonium epimerization). Corresponding biochemical and structural studies demonstrate the AdoMet surrogates to serve as competent enzyme cosubstrates and to bind a prototypical class I model methyltransferase (DnrK) in a manner nearly identical to AdoMet. Given this conservation in function and molecular recognition, the isosteres presented are anticipated to serve as useful surrogates in other AdoMet-dependent processes and may also be resistant to, and/or potentially even inhibit, other therapeutically relevant AdoMet-dependent metabolic transformations (such as the validated drug target AdoMet decarboxylase). This work also highlights the ability of the prototypical class I model methyltransferase DnrK to accept non-native surrogate acceptors as an enabling feature of a new high-throughput methyltransferase assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Huber
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Shanteri Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Brooke R. Johnson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 1000 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, 1000 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department
of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, Space Science 201, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation (CPRI), College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
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39
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Muttach F, Rentmeister A. One-pot modification of 5′-capped RNA based on methionine analogs. Methods 2016; 107:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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40
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Huber TD, Johnson BR, Zhang J, Thorson JS. AdoMet analog synthesis and utilization: current state of the art. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 42:189-197. [PMID: 27506965 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) is an essential enzyme cosubstrate in fundamental biology with an expanding range of biocatalytic and therapeutic applications. In recent years, technologies enabling the synthesis and utilization of novel functional AdoMet surrogates have rapidly advanced. Developments highlighted within this brief review include improved syntheses of AdoMet analogs, unique S-adenosyl-l-methionine isosteres with enhanced stability, and corresponding applications in epigenetics, proteomics and natural product/small molecule diversification ('alkylrandomization').
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Huber
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Brooke R Johnson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, United States.
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41
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Struck AW, Bennett MR, Shepherd SA, Law BJC, Zhuo Y, Wong LS, Micklefield J. An Enzyme Cascade for Selective Modification of Tyrosine Residues in Structurally Diverse Peptides and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3038-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Winona Struck
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R. Bennett
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J. C. Law
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry and Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess
Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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42
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Law BJC, Bennett MR, Thompson ML, Levy C, Shepherd SA, Leys D, Micklefield J. Effects of Active-Site Modification and Quaternary Structure on the Regioselectivity of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2683-7. [PMID: 26797714 PMCID: PMC4770447 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), an important therapeutic target in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, is also being developed for biocatalytic processes, including vanillin production, although lack of regioselectivity has precluded its more widespread application. By using structural and mechanistic information, regiocomplementary COMT variants were engineered that deliver either meta‐ or para‐methylated catechols. X‐ray crystallography further revealed how the active‐site residues and quaternary structure govern regioselectivity. Finally, analogues of AdoMet are accepted by the regiocomplementary COMT mutants and can be used to prepare alkylated catechols, including ethyl vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J C Law
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew R Bennett
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Mark L Thompson
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sarah A Shepherd
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Leys
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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43
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Law BJC, Bennett MR, Thompson ML, Levy C, Shepherd SA, Leys D, Micklefield J. Effects of Active-Site Modification and Quaternary Structure on the Regioselectivity of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. C. Law
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Matthew R. Bennett
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Mark L. Thompson
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sarah A. Shepherd
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - David Leys
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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44
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Siegrist J, Aschwanden S, Mordhorst S, Thöny-Meyer L, Richter M, Andexer JN. Regiocomplementary O-Methylation of Catechols by Using Three-Enzyme Cascades. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2576-9. [PMID: 26437744 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent enzymes have great potential for selective alkylation processes. In this study we investigated the regiocomplementary O-methylation of catechols. Enzymatic methylation is often hampered by the need for a stoichiometric supply of SAM and the inhibitory effect of the SAM-derived byproduct on most methyltransferases. To counteract these issues we set up an enzyme cascade. Firstly, SAM was generated from l-methionine and ATP by use of an archaeal methionine adenosyltransferase. Secondly, 4-O-methylation of the substrates dopamine and dihydrocaffeic acid was achieved by use of SafC from the saframycin biosynthesis pathway in 40-70 % yield and high selectivity. The regiocomplementary 3-O-methylation was catalysed by catechol O-methyltransferase from rat. Thirdly, the beneficial influence of a nucleosidase on the overall conversion was demonstrated. The results of this study are important milestones on the pathway to catalytic SAM-dependent alkylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Siegrist
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Aschwanden
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Silja Mordhorst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linda Thöny-Meyer
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,AVSV, Blarerstrasse 2, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Richter
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Branch BioCat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315, Straubing, Germany.
| | - Jennifer N Andexer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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