1
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Skoulas D, Tolentino A, Kleij AW. Controlled Synthesis of Bioderived Poly(limonene carbonate)-Oligolysine Hybrid Macromolecules. ACS Macro Lett 2024:1332-1337. [PMID: 39299699 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
A straightforward and stepwise functionalization of poly(limonene carbonate) (PLC) was achieved through the use of thiol-ene click chemistry introducing primary amine groups. These amines are initiating points for N-carboxy anhydride (NCA) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reactions, allowing us to modify the PLC backbone with oligolysine fragments, thereby creating a polymer brush type macromolecule. These newly prepared biohybrid structures show a clear hydrophilic behavior as evident from their physical behavior and contact angle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skoulas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Tolentino
- ONYRIQ, edificio TEC Business Center Avinguda del. Av. Parc Tecnològic 7, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Oktawiec J, Ebrahim OM, Chen Y, Su K, Sharpe C, Rosenmann ND, Barbut C, Weigand SJ, Thompson MP, Byrnes J, Qiao B, Gianneschi NC. Conformational modulation and polymerization-induced folding of proteomimetic peptide brush polymers. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03420a. [PMID: 39129772 PMCID: PMC11308386 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptide-brush polymers generated by graft-through living polymerization of peptide-modified monomers exhibit high proteolytic stability, therapeutic efficacy, and potential as functional tandem repeat protein mimetics. Prior work has focused on polymers generated from structurally disordered peptides that lack defined conformations. To obtain insight into how the structure of these polymers is influenced by the folding of their peptide sidechains, a set of polymers with varying degrees of polymerization was prepared from peptide monomers that adopt α-helical secondary structure for comparison to those having random coil structures. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirm the maintenance of the secondary structure of the constituent peptide when polymerized. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies reveal the solution-phase conformation of PLPs in different solvent environments. In particular, X-ray scattering shows that modulation of solvent hydrophobicity, as well as hydrogen bonding patterns of the peptide sidechain, plays an important role in the degree of globularity and conformation of the overall polymer, with polymers of helical peptide brushes showing less spherical compaction in conditions where greater helicity is observed. These structural insights into peptide brush folding and polymer conformation inform the design of these proteomimetic materials with promise for controlling and predicting their artificial fold and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Omar M Ebrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Kaylen Su
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York New York NY 10010 USA
| | - Christopher Sharpe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nathan D Rosenmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Clara Barbut
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Steven J Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University Argonne IL 60208 USA
| | | | - James Byrnes
- Beamline 16ID, NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York New York NY 10010 USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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3
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Zafar H, Liu B, Nguyen HVT, Johnson JA. Caspase-3-Responsive, Fluorogenic Bivalent Bottlebrush Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:571-576. [PMID: 38647178 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the access of proteases to cleavable peptides placed at specific locations within macromolecular architectures represents a powerful strategy for biologically responsive materials design. Here, we report the synthesis of peptide-containing bivalent bottlebrush (co)polymers (BBPs) featuring polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) pendants on each backbone repeat unit. The AMCs are linked via caspase-3-cleavable peptides which, upon enzymatic cleavage, provide a "turn-on" fluorescence signal due to the release of free AMC. Time-dependent fluorscence measurements demonstrate that the caspase-3-induced peptide cleavage and AMC release from BBPs is strongly dependent on the BBP backbone length and the AMC-peptide linker location within the BBP architecture, revealing fundamental insights into the interactions of enzymes with BBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Carrow KP, Hamilton HL, Hopps MP, Li Y, Qiao B, Payne NC, Thompson MP, Zhang X, Magassa A, Fattah M, Agarwal S, Vincent MP, Buyanova M, Bertin PA, Mazitschek R, Olvera de la Cruz M, Johnson DA, Johnson JA, Gianneschi NC. Inhibiting the Keap1/Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction with Protein-Like Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311467. [PMID: 38241649 PMCID: PMC11257647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Successful and selective inhibition of the cytosolic protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1) can enhance the antioxidant response, with the potential for a therapeutic effect in a range of settings including in neurodegenerative disease (ND). Small molecule inhibitors have been developed, yet many have off-target effects, or are otherwise limited by poor cellular permeability. Peptide-based strategies have also been attempted to enhance specificity, yet face challenges due to susceptibility to degradation and lack of cellular penetration. Herein, these barriers are overcome utilizing a polymer-based proteomimetics. The protein-like polymer (PLP) consists of a synthetic, lipophilic polymer backbone displaying water soluble Keap1-binding peptides on each monomer unit forming a brush polymer architecture. The PLPs are capable of engaging Keap1 and displacing the cellular protective transcription factor Nrf2, which then translocates to the nucleus, activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). PLPs exhibit increased Keap1 binding affinity by several orders of magnitude compared to free peptides, maintain serum stability, are cell-penetrant, and selectively activate the ARE pathway in cells, including in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Keap1/Nrf2-inhibitory PLPs have the potential to impact the treatment of disease states associated with dysregulation of oxidative stress, such as NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendal P Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Haylee L Hamilton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Madeline P Hopps
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, 10010, NY, USA
| | - N Connor Payne
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Assa Magassa
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Mara Fattah
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Marina Buyanova
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Paul A Bertin
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Delinda A Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
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5
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Shi Y, Chen Y. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Emerging Nanocarriers: Material Design and Biomedical Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7286-7299. [PMID: 38535519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
As a unique unimolecular nanoobject, molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) have attracted great interest from researchers in nanocarriers attributed to their defined structure, size, and shape. MBBs with various architectures have been proposed and constructed with well-defined domains for loading "cargos", including core, shell, and periphery functional groups. Compared with nanomaterials based on self-assembly, MBBs have lots of advantages, including facile synthesis, flexible compositions, favorable stability, and tunable size and shape, that make them a promising nanoplatform for various applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress during the past decade, with a focus on developments within the last five years in the synthesis of MBBs with different architectures, and uses them as nanocarriers in drug delivery, biological imaging, and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Choi W, Nensel AK, Droho S, Fattah MA, Mokashi-Punekar S, Swygart DI, Burton ST, Schwartz GW, Lavine JA, Gianneschi NC. Thrombospondin-1 proteomimetic polymers exhibit anti-angiogenic activity in a neovascular age-related macular degeneration mouse model. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi8534. [PMID: 37831763 PMCID: PMC10575579 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. Current therapy includes monthly intraocular injections of anti-VEGF antibodies, which are ineffective in up to one third of patients. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) inhibits angiogenesis via CD36 binding, and its down-regulated expression is negatively associated with the onset of nAMD. Here, we describe TSP1 mimetic protein-like polymers (TSP1 PLPs). TSP1 PLPs bind CD36 with high affinity, resist degradation, show prolonged intraocular half-lives (13.1 hours), have no toxicity at relevant concentrations in vivo (40 μM), and are more efficacious in ex vivo choroidal sprouting assays compared to the peptide sequence and Eylea (aflibercept), the current standard of care anti-VEGF treatment. Furthermore, PLPs exhibit superior in vivo efficacy in a mouse model for nAMD compared to control PLPs consisting of scrambled peptide sequences, using fluorescein angiography and immunofluorescence. Since TSP-1 inhibits angiogenesis by VEGF-dependent and independent mechanisms, TSP1 PLPs are a potential therapeutic for patients with anti-VEGF treatment-resistant nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ashley K. Nensel
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Steven Droho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mara A. Fattah
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Soumitra Mokashi-Punekar
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David I. Swygart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg School of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Spencer T. Burton
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Greg W. Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Weinberg School of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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7
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Shamsipur M, Ghavidast A, Pashabadi A. Phototriggered structures: Latest advances in biomedical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2844-2876. [PMID: 37521863 PMCID: PMC10372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive control of the drug molecules accessibility is a key issue in improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Some studies have explored the spatiotemporal control by light as a peripheral stimulus. Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) have received interest in the past decade among biological researchers due to their capability the control drug release. To this end, a wide range of phototrigger molecular structures participated in the DDSs to serve additional efficiency and a high-conversion release of active fragments under light irradiation. Up to now, several categories of PTDDSs have been extended to upgrade the performance of controlled delivery of therapeutic agents based on well-known phototrigger molecular structures like o-nitrobenzyl, coumarinyl, anthracenyl, quinolinyl, o-hydroxycinnamate and hydroxyphenacyl, where either of one endows an exclusive feature and distinct mechanistic approach. This review conveys the design, photochemical properties and essential mechanism of the most important phototriggered structures for the release of single and dual (similar or different) active molecules that have the ability to quickly reason of the large variety of dynamic biological phenomena for biomedical applications like photo-regulated drug release, synergistic outcomes, real-time monitoring, and biocompatibility potential.
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8
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Gandra U, Podiyanachari SK, Bazzi HS, Al-Hashimi M. Recent Advances in Drug Release, Sensing, and Cellular Uptake of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Derived Poly(olefins). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1724-1738. [PMID: 36687055 PMCID: PMC9850466 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and applications of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) derived poly(olefins) have emerged as an exciting area of great interest in the field of biomaterials science. The major focus of this mini-review is to present recent advances in the synthesis of functional materials using ROMP-derived poly(olefins) utilized for drug release, sensing, and cellular uptake in the past seven years (2015-2022). This review reveals that materials synthesized by ROMP-derived well-defined functional poly(olefins) stand to be highly promising systems for medical as well as biological studies. Thus, this review may prove to be beneficial for the design and development of new smart and flexible-functionality ROMP-based polymeric materials for various biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendar
Reddy Gandra
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha 23874, Qatar
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha 23874, Qatar
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, 209 Reed MacDonald Building, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha 23874, Qatar
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9
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Weiss AM, Hossainy S, Rowan SJ, Hubbell JA, Esser-Kahn AP. Immunostimulatory Polymers as Adjuvants, Immunotherapies, and Delivery Systems. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6913-6937. [PMID: 36034324 PMCID: PMC9404695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activating innate immunity in a controlled manner is
necessary
for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Adjuvants, or
molecules that modulate the immune response, are critical components
of vaccines and immunotherapies. While small molecules and biologics
dominate the adjuvant market, emerging evidence supports the use of
immunostimulatory polymers in therapeutics. Such polymers can stabilize
and deliver cargo while stimulating the immune system by functioning
as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists. At the same time,
in designing polymers that engage the immune system, it is important
to consider any unintended initiation of an immune response that results
in adverse immune-related events. Here, we highlight biologically
derived and synthetic polymer scaffolds, as well as polymer–adjuvant
systems and stimuli-responsive polymers loaded with adjuvants, that
can invoke an immune response. We present synthetic considerations
for the design of such immunostimulatory polymers, outline methods
to target their delivery, and discuss their application in therapeutics.
Finally, we conclude with our opinions on the design of next-generation
immunostimulatory polymers, new applications of immunostimulatory
polymers, and the development of improved preclinical immunocompatibility
tests for new polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Weiss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samir Hossainy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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10
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Kang Z, Wang C, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Pan Z, Li Q, Shi L, Liu Y. Spatial Distribution Control of Antimicrobial Peptides through a Novel Polymeric Carrier for Safe and Efficient Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201945. [PMID: 35385590 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold great potential for use in tumor treatment. However, developing AMP-based antitumor therapies is challenging due to circulatory instability, hemolytic toxicity, low selectivity, and poor cell permeability of AMPs. In this study, a polymeric carrier for AMPs (denoted as PAMPm -co-PPBEn /PCA) is presented that effectively enhances their anticancer efficacy while minimizing their potential side effects. By integrating multiple responsive structures at the molecular level, the carrier finely controls the spatial distribution of AMPs in different biological microenvironments, thereby effectively modulating their membranolytic ability. Upon employing KLA as the model AMP, the polymeric carrier's hemolytic toxicity during blood circulation is suppressed, its cellular internalization when reaching tumor tissues facilitated, and its membranolytic toxicity toward the mitochondria upon entering cancer cells restored and further enhanced. Animal studies indicate that this approach significantly improves the antitumor efficacy of KLA and reduces its toxicity. Considering that the loading method for most AMPs is identical to that of KLA, the polymeric carrier reported in this study may provide a feasible approach for the development of AMP-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Kang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhanzhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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11
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Müllner M. Molecular polymer bottlebrushes in nanomedicine: therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5683-5716. [PMID: 35445672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer bottlebrushes are densely grafted, individual macromolecules with nanoscale proportions. The last decade has seen an increased focus on this material class, especially in nanomedicine and for biomedical applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of major developments in this area to highlight the many opportunities that these polymer architectures bring to nano-bio research. The article covers aspects of bottlebrush synthesis and summarises their use in drug and gene delivery, imaging, as theranostics and as prototype materials to correlate nanoparticle structure and composition to biological function and behaviour. Areas for future research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Berger O, Battistella C, Chen Y, Oktawiec J, Siwicka ZE, Tullman-Ercek D, Wang M, Gianneschi NC. Mussel Adhesive-Inspired Proteomimetic Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4383-4392. [PMID: 35238544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a synthetic polymer proteomimetic is described that reconstitutes the key structural elements and function of mussel adhesive protein. The proteomimetic was prepared via graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a norbornenyl-peptide monomer. The peptide was derived from the natural underwater glue produced by marine mussels that is composed of a highly repetitive 10 amino acid tandem repeat sequence. The hypothesis was that recapitulation of the repeating unit in this manner would provide a facile route to a nature-inspired adhesive. To this end, the material, in which the arrangement of peptide units was as side chains on a brush polymer rather than in a linear fashion as in the natural protein, was examined and compared to the native protein. Mechanical measurements of adhesion forces between solid surfaces revealed improved adhesion properties over the natural protein, making this strategy attractive for diverse applications. One such application is demonstrated, using the polymers as a surface adhesive for the immobilization of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yusu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zofia E Siwicka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Blum AP, Yin J, Lin HH, Oliver BA, Kammeyer JK, Thompson MP, Gilson MK, Gianneschi NC. Stimuli Induced Uptake of Protein-Like Peptide Brush Polymers. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103438. [PMID: 34811828 PMCID: PMC8861929 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we presented a strategy for packaging peptides as side-chains in high-density brush polymers. For this globular protein-like polymer (PLP) formulation, therapeutic peptides were shown to resist proteolytic degradation, enter cells efficiently and maintain biological function. In this paper, we establish the role charge plays in dictating the cellular uptake of these peptide formulations, finding that peptides with a net positive charge will enter cells when polymerized, while those formed from anionic or neutral peptides remain outside of cells. Given these findings, we explored whether cellular uptake could be selectively induced by a stimulus. In our design, a cationic peptide is appended to a sequence of charge-neutralizing anionic amino acids through stimuli-responsive cleavable linkers. As a proof-of-concept study, we tested this strategy with two different classes of stimuli, exogenous UV light and an enzyme (a matrix metalloproteinase) associated with the inflammatory response. The key finding is that these materials enter cells only when acted upon by the stimulus. This approach makes it possible to achieve delivery of the polymers, therapeutic peptides or an appended cargo into cells in response to an appropriate stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, NY 13323, Clinton, United States
| | - Jian Yin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Helen H Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, NY 13323, Clinton, United States
| | - Blayne A Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, NY 13323, Clinton, United States
| | - Jacquelin K Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St., IL, 60208, Evanston, United States
| | - Michael K Gilson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, CA, 92093, La Jolla, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St., IL, 60208, Evanston, United States
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14
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Sun H, Qiao B, Choi W, Hampu N, McCallum NC, Thompson MP, Oktawiec J, Weigand S, Ebrahim OM, de la Cruz MO, Gianneschi NC. Origin of Proteolytic Stability of Peptide-Brush Polymers as Globular Proteomimetics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:2063-2072. [PMID: 34963898 PMCID: PMC8704038 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-brush polymers (PBPs), wherein every side-chain of the polymers is peptidic, represent a new class of proteomimetic with unusually high proteolytic resistance while maintaining bioactivity. Here, we sought to determine the origin of this behavior and to assess its generality via a combined theory and experimental approach. A series of PBPs with various polymer backbone structures were prepared and examined for their proteolytic stability and bioactivity. We discovered that an increase in the hydrophobicity of the polymer backbones is predictive of an elevation in proteolytic stability of the side-chain peptides. Computer simulations, together with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis, revealed globular morphologies for these polymers, in which pendant peptides condense around hydrophobic synthetic polymer backbones driven by the hydrophobic effect. As the hydrophobicity of the polymer backbones increases, the extent of solvent exposure of peptide cleavage sites decreases, reducing their accessibility to proteolytic enzymes. This study provides insight into the important factors driving PBP aqueous-phase structures to behave as globular, synthetic polymer-based proteomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas Hampu
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Naneki C. McCallum
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- Dupont-Northwestern-Dow
Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar M. Ebrahim
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department
of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Chemistry of
Life Processes Institute, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Abstract
The development of degradable polymers has commanded significant attention over the past half century. Approaches have predominantly relied on ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters (e.g., lactones, lactides) and N-carboxyanhydrides, as well as radical ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic ketene acetals. In recent years, there has been a significant effort applied to expand the family of degradable polymers accessible via olefin metathesis polymerization. Given the excellent functional group tolerance of olefin metathesis polymerization reactions generally, a broad range of conceivable degradable moieties can be incorporated into appropriate monomers and thus into polymer backbones. This approach has proven particularly versatile in synthesizing a broad spectrum of degradable polymers including poly(ester), poly(amino acid), poly(acetal), poly(carbonate), poly(phosphoester), poly(phosphoramidate), poly(enol ether), poly(azobenzene), poly(disulfide), poly(sulfonate ester), poly(silyl ether), and poly(oxazinone) among others. In this review, we will highlight the main olefin metathesis polymerization strategies that have been used to access degradable polymers, including (i) acyclic diene metathesis polymerization, (ii) entropy-driven and (iii) enthalpy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization, as well as (iv) cascade enyne metathesis polymerization. In addition, the livingness or control of polymerization reactions via different strategies are highlighted and compared. Potential applications, challenges and future perspectives of this new library of degradable polyolefins are discussed. It is clear from recent and accelerating developments in this field that olefin metathesis polymerization represents a powerful synthetic tool towards degradable polymers with novel structures and properties inaccessible by other polymerization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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16
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Martin J, Desfoux A, Martinez J, Amblard M, Mehdi A, Vezenkov L, Subra G. Bottom-up strategies for the synthesis of peptide-based polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Choi W, Battistella C, Gianneschi NC. High efficiency loading of micellar nanoparticles with a light switch for enzyme-induced rapid release of cargo. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:653-657. [PMID: 33300507 PMCID: PMC9753762 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoscale materials able to target and accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) offer promising routes for a safer delivery of anticancer drugs. By reaching their targets before significant amounts of drug are released, such materials can reduce off-target side effects and maximize drug concentration in the TME. However, poor drug loading capacity and inefficient nanomaterial penetration into the tumor can limit their therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we provide a novel approach to achieve high loading profiles while ensuring fast and efficient drug penetration in the tumor. This is achieved by co-polymerizing light-sensitive paclitaxel with monomers responsive to tumor-associated enzymes, and assembling the resulting di-block copolymers into spherical micelles. While light exposure enables paclitaxel to decouple from the polymeric backbone into light-activated micelles, enzymatic digestion in the TME initiates its burst release. Through a series of in vitro cytotoxicity assays, we demonstrate that these light-switch micelles hold greater potency than covalently linked, non-triggered micelles, and enable therapeutic profiles comparable to that of the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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18
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Choi W, Sun H, Battistella C, Berger O, Vratsanos MA, Wang MM, Gianneschi NC. Biomolecular Densely Grafted Brush Polymers: Oligonucleotides, Oligosaccharides and Oligopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19762-19772. [PMID: 32436259 PMCID: PMC11042487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this Minireview, we describe synthetic polymers densely functionalized with sequence-defined biomolecular sidechains. We focus on synthetic brush polymers of oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, and oligopeptides, prepared via graft-through polymerization from biomolecule functionalized monomers. The resulting structures are brush polymers wherein a biomolecular graft is positioned at each monomer backbone unit. We describe key synthetic milestones, identify synthetic opportunities, and highlight recent advances in the field, including biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Hao Sun
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Or Berger
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Maria A. Vratsanos
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Max M. Wang
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 (USA)
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19
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Choi W, Sun H, Battistella C, Berger O, Vratsanos MA, Wang MM, Gianneschi NC. Biomolecular Densely Grafted Brush Polymers: Oligonucleotides, Oligosaccharides and Oligopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Choi
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Or Berger
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Maria A. Vratsanos
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Max M. Wang
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
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20
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Li Y, Qiao B, Olvera de la Cruz M. Protein Surface Printer for Exploring Protein Domains. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:5255-5264. [PMID: 32846088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The surface of proteins is vital in determining protein functions. Herein, a program, Protein Surface Printer (PSP), is built that performs multiple functions in quantifying protein surface domains. Two proteins, PETase and cytochrome P450, are used to validate that the program supports atomistic simulations with different combinations of programs and force fields. A case study is conducted on the structural analysis of the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV and the human cell receptor ACE2. Although the surface domains of both spike proteins are highly similar, their receptor-binding domains (RBDs) and the O-linked glycan domains are structurally different. The O-linked glycan domain of SARS-CoV-2 is highly positively charged, which may promote binding to negatively charged human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
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21
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Sun H, Cao W, Zang N, Clemons TD, Scheutz GM, Hu Z, Thompson MP, Liang Y, Vratsanos M, Zhou X, Choi W, Sumerlin BS, Stupp SI, Gianneschi NC. Proapoptotic Peptide Brush Polymer Nanoparticles via Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19136-19142. [PMID: 32659039 PMCID: PMC7722202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA) of spherical micelles consisting of proapoptotic peptide-polymer amphiphiles. The one-pot synthetic approach yielded micellar nanoparticles at high concentrations and at scale (150 mg mL-1 ) with tunable peptide loadings up to 48 wt. %. The size of the micellar nanoparticles was tuned by varying the lengths of hydrophobic and hydrophilic building blocks. Critically, the peptide-functionalized nanoparticles imbued the proapoptotic "KLA" peptides (amino acid sequence: KLAKLAKKLAKLAK) with two key properties otherwise not inherent to the sequence: 1) proteolytic resistance compared to the oligopeptide alone; 2) significantly enhanced cell uptake by multivalent display of KLA peptide brushes. The result was demonstrated improved apoptosis efficiency in HeLa cells. These results highlight the potential of photo-PISA in the large-scale synthesis of functional, proteolytically resistant peptide-polymer conjugates for intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tristan D Clemons
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Georg M Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Maria Vratsanos
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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22
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de Jong H, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM. Activatable cell-penetrating peptides: 15 years of research. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:192-203. [PMID: 34458758 PMCID: PMC8341016 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An important hurdle for the intracellular delivery of large cargo is the cellular membrane, which protects the cell from exogenous substances. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross this barrier but their use as drug delivery vehicles is hampered by their lack of cell type specificity. Over the past years, several approaches have been explored to control the activity of CPPs that can be primed for cellular uptake. Since the first report on such activatable CPPs (ACPPs) in 2004, various methods of activation have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of the different ACPPs strategies known to date and summarize the benefits, drawbacks, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen de Jong
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
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23
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Sun H, Cao W, Zang N, Clemons TD, Scheutz GM, Hu Z, Thompson MP, Liang Y, Vratsanos M, Zhou X, Choi W, Sumerlin BS, Stupp SI, Gianneschi NC. Proapoptotic Peptide Brush Polymer Nanoparticles via Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Tristan D. Clemons
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute Northwestern University 303 East Superior Street Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Georg M. Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Maria Vratsanos
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute Northwestern University 303 East Superior Street Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Pharmacology International Institute for Nanotechnology Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute Northwestern University 303 East Superior Street Chicago IL 60611 USA
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24
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Qiao B, Olvera de la Cruz M. Enhanced Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Receptor by Distal Polybasic Cleavage Sites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10616-10623. [PMID: 32806067 PMCID: PMC7409923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein plays a crucial role in binding the human cell receptor ACE2 that is required for viral entry. Many studies have been conducted to target the structures of RBD-ACE2 binding and to design RBD-targeting vaccines and drugs. Nevertheless, mutations distal from the SARS-CoV-2 RBD also impact its transmissibility and antibody can target non-RBD regions, suggesting the incomplete role of the RBD region in the spike protein-ACE2 binding. Here, in order to elucidate distant binding mechanisms, we analyze complexes of ACE2 with the wild-type spike protein and with key mutants via large-scale all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. We find that though distributed approximately 10 nm away from the RBD, the SARS-CoV-2 polybasic cleavage sites enhance, via electrostatic interactions and hydration, the RBD-ACE2 binding affinity. A negatively charged tetrapeptide (GluGluLeuGlu) is then designed to neutralize the positively charged arginine on the polybasic cleavage sites. We find that the tetrapeptide GluGluLeuGlu binds to one of the three polybasic cleavage sites of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein lessening by 34% the RBD-ACE2 binding strength. This significant binding energy reduction demonstrates the feasibility to neutralize RBD-ACE2 binding by targeting this specific polybasic cleavage site. Our work enhances understanding of the binding mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2, which may aid the design of therapeutics for COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofu Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Chemical &
Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Chemical &
Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and
Department of Physics and Astronomy,
Northwestern University, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
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25
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Cheng X, He L, Xu J, Fang Q, Yang L, Xue Y, Wang X, Tang R. Oxygen-producing catalase-based prodrug nanoparticles overcoming resistance in hypoxia-mediated chemo-photodynamic therapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:234-249. [PMID: 32502633 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extreme hypoxia inside solid tumors is the primary barrier against the advance of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). To address this problem, a hybrid nano-enzyme prodrug system was developed to alleviate hypoxia as well as simultaneously sensitize chemo-photodynamic therapy. Lactobionic acid (LA) and doxorubicin (DOX) precursor (cis-aconitic anhydride-linked doxorubicin, CAD) were pre-conjugated onto the side chain of catalase (CAT), then co-assembled with chlorin e6 (Ce6) to form LA-CAT-CAD@Ce6 nanoparticles (LCC@Ce6-NPs). LA as the active-targeting ligand increased cellular internalization, CAD as the pH-sensitive component triggered rapid drug release, Ce6 as the photosensitizer induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and CAT decomposed intracellular H2O2 to produce oxygen in situ. Oxygen production efficiently decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which enhanced chemotherapy efficiency. In addition, sufficient oxygen further amplified PDT-mediated cell-killing and apoptosis in hypoxic tumor. In vivo studies showed that combined chemo-photodynamic therapy by LCC@Ce6-NPs led to the most effective inhibition of tumor growth (TGI>90%), and even partially ablated tumor. Thus, this nano-enzyme prodrug platform can be a potentially effective treatment in clinical cancer therapy, and married to other therapeutic agents. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hypoxia in solid tumors seriously impedes the efficacy of chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy. Herein, we designed hybrid nano-enzyme prodrug particles to improve hypoxia-mediated limitations on cancer therapy. Lactobionic acid (LA) as the hydrophilic outer layer of particles increased cellular uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and cis-aconitic anhydride-linked doxorubicin (CAD) as the pH sensitive component inside particles efficiently triggered DOX and Ce6 release. More importantly, catalase (CAT) as the backbone of particles was capable of greatly relieving tumor hypoxia through catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 in situ. Oxygen re-generation not only prevented hypoxia-mediated chemo-resistance, but also amplified PDT-induced ROS cell-killing ability. As a result, the multiple combination action of this nano-system could simultaneously sensitize chemo-photodynamic therapy, thus significantly enhancing tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Le He
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Qin Fang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Yanbing Xue
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China.
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27
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Tomás RMF, Gibson MI. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Re-Engineering Cellular Interfaces with Synthetic Macromolecules Using Metabolic Glycan Labeling. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:991-1003. [PMID: 32714634 PMCID: PMC7377358 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface functionality is largely programmed by genetically encoded information through modulation of protein expression levels, including glycosylation enzymes. Genetic tools enable control over protein-based functionality, but are not easily adapted to recruit non-native functionality such as synthetic polymers and nanomaterials to tune biological responses and attach therapeutic or imaging payloads. Similar to how polymer-protein conjugation evolved from nonspecific PEGylation to site-selective bioconjugates, the same evolution is now occurring for polymer-cell conjugation. This Viewpoint discusses the potential of using metabolic glycan labeling to install bio-orthogonal reactive cell-surface anchors for the recruitment of synthetic polymers and nanomaterials to cell surfaces, exploring the expanding therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Comparisons to conventional approaches that target endogenous membrane components, such as hydrophobic, protein coupling and electrostatic conjugation, as well as enzymatic and genetic tools, have been made to highlight the huge potential of this approach in the emerging cellular engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M. F. Tomás
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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28
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Zhu J, Sun H, Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Battistella C, Proetto MT, Carlini AS, Gianneschi NC. Paclitaxel-terminated peptide brush polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6778-6781. [PMID: 32441281 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the preparation of paclitaxel-terminated peptide brush polymers wherein cell uptake and toxicity are tunable based on peptide sequence. Synthesis was enabled using a new paclitaxel-containing chain termination agent for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Critically, reverse phase HPLC could be used to efficiently separate peptide brush polymers consisting of one fluorophore and one terminal paclitaxel from crude polymer mixtures. These purified terminally-modified polymers showed greater potency than the original mixtures. Drug-terminated peptide brush polymers carrying positive charges exhibited enhanced cell uptake and cytotoxicity as compared to their neutral and negatively charged analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Cassandra E Callmann
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-343, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-343, USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Maria T Proetto
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-343, USA
| | - Andrea S Carlini
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-343, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-343, USA
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29
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Callmann CE, Thompson MP, Gianneschi NC. Poly(peptide): Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles and Protein-like Polymers. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:400-413. [PMID: 31967781 PMCID: PMC11042489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Account, we describe the organization of functional peptides as densely arrayed side chains on polymer scaffolds which we introduce as a new class of material called poly(peptide). We describe two general classes of poly(peptide): (1) Peptide-Polymer Amphiphiles (PPAs), which consist of block copolymers with a dense grouping of peptides arrayed as the side chains of the hydrophilic block and connected to a hydrophobic block that drives micelle assembly, and (2) Protein-like Polymers (PLPs), wherein peptide-brush polymers are composed from monomers, each containing a peptide side chain. Peptides organized in this manner imbue polymers or polymeric nanoparticles with a range of functional qualities inherent to their specific sequence. Therefore, polymers or nanoparticles otherwise lacking bioactivity or responsiveness to stimuli, once linked to a peptide of choice, can now bind proteins, enter cells and tissues, have controlled and switchable biodistribution patterns, and be enzyme substrates (e.g., for kinases, phosphatases, proteases). Indeed, where peptide substrates are incorporated, kinetically or thermodynamically driven morphological transitions can be enzymatically induced in the polymeric material. Synergistically, the polymer enforces changes in peptide activity and function by virtue of packing and constraining the peptide. The scaffold can protect peptides from proteolysis, change the pharmacokinetic profile of an intravenously injected peptide, increase the cellular uptake of an otherwise cell impermeable therapeutic peptide, or change peptide substrate activity entirely. Moreover, in addition to the sequence-controlled peptides (generated by solid phase synthesis), the polymer can carry its own sequence-dependent information, especially through living polymerization strategies allowing well-defined blocks and terminal labels (e.g., dyes, contrast agents, charged moieties). Hence, the two elements, peptide and polymer, cooperate to yield materials with unique function and properties quite apart from each alone. Herein, we describe the development of synthetic strategies for accessing these classes of biomolecule polymer conjugates. We discuss the utility of poly(peptide)-based materials in a range of biomedical applications, including imaging of diseased tissues (myocardial infarction and cancer), delivering small molecule drugs to tumors with high specificity, imparting cell permeability to otherwise impermeable peptides, protecting bioactive peptides from proteolysis in harsh conditions (e.g., stomach acid and whole blood), and transporting proteins into traditionally difficult-to-transfect cell types, including stem cells. Poly(peptide) materials offer new properties to both the constituent peptides and to the polymers, which can be tuned by the design of the oligopeptide sequence, degree of polymerization, peptide arrangement on the polymer backbone, and polymer backbone chemistry. These properties establish this approach as valuable for the development of peptides as medicines and materials in a range of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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30
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Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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31
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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32
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Sun H, Choi W, Zang N, Battistella C, Thompson MP, Cao W, Zhou X, Forman C, Gianneschi NC. Bioactive Peptide Brush Polymers via Photoinduced Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17359-17364. [PMID: 31595626 PMCID: PMC7299178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing metal-free photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) in organic and aqueous phases, we report a synthetic approach to enzyme-responsive and pro-apoptotic peptide brush polymers. Thermolysin-responsive peptide-based polymeric amphiphiles assembled into spherical micellar nanoparticles that undergo a morphology transition to worm-like micelles upon enzyme-triggered cleavage of coronal peptide sidechains. Moreover, pro-apoptotic polypeptide brushes show enhanced cell uptake over individual peptide chains of the same sequence, resulting in a significant increase in cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Critically, increased grafting density of pro-apoptotic peptides on brush polymers correlates with increased uptake efficiency and concurrently, cytotoxicity. The mild synthetic conditions afforded by photo-RDRP, make it possible to access well-defined peptide-based polymer bioconjugate structures with tunable bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christopher Forman
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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33
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Carlini AS, Touve MA, Fernández-Caro H, Thompson MP, Cassidy MF, Cao W, Gianneschi NC. UV-responsive cyclic peptide progelator bioinks. Faraday Discuss 2019; 219:44-57. [PMID: 31549115 PMCID: PMC7363176 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe cyclic peptide progelators which cleave in response to UV light to generate linearized peptides which then self-assemble into gel networks. Cyclic peptide progelators were synthesized, where the peptides were sterically constrained, but upon UV irradiation, predictable cleavage products were generated. Amino acid sequences and formulation conditions were altered to tune the mechanical properties of the resulting gels. Characterization of the resulting morphologies and chemistry was achieved through liquid phase and standard TEM methods, combined with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Carlini
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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34
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Sun H, Choi W, Zang N, Battistella C, Thompson MP, Cao W, Zhou X, Forman C, Gianneschi NC. Bioactive Peptide Brush Polymers via Photoinduced Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christopher Forman
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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35
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Blum AP, Nelles DA, Hidalgo FJ, Touve MA, Sim DS, Madrigal AA, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - David A. Nelles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Deborah S. Sim
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - Assael A. Madrigal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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36
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Blum AP, Nelles DA, Hidalgo FJ, Touve MA, Sim DS, Madrigal AA, Yeo GW, Gianneschi NC. Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15646-15649. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela P. Blum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - David A. Nelles
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Mollie A. Touve
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Deborah S. Sim
- Departments of Chemistry Hamilton College Clinton NY USA
| | - Assael A. Madrigal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program Institute of Genomic Medicine University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Departments of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
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37
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Sun H, Yang L, Thompson MP, Schara S, Cao W, Choi W, Hu Z, Zang N, Tan W, Gianneschi NC. Recent Advances in Amphiphilic Polymer-Oligonucleotide Nanomaterials via Living/Controlled Polymerization Technologies. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1889-1904. [PMID: 30969752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the field of polymer-oligonucleotide nanomaterials has flourished because of the development of synthetic techniques, particularly living polymerization technologies, which provide access to polymers with well-defined architectures, precise molecular weights, and terminal or side-chain functionalities. Various "living" polymerization methods have empowered chemists with the ability to prepare functional polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates yielding a library of architectures, including linear diblock, comb, star, hyperbranched star, and gel morphologies. Since oligonucleotides are hydrophilic and synthetic polymers can be tailored with hydrophobicity, these amphiphilic polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates are capable of self-assembling into nanostructures with different shapes, leading to many high-value-added biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, gene regulation, and 3D-bioprinting. This review aims to highlight the main living polymerization approaches to polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates, including ring-opening metathesis polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT), and ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and N-carboxyanhydride. The self-assembly properties and resulting applications of polymer-DNA hybrid materials are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Steve Schara
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Ziying Hu
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Simpson Querrey Institute , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
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38
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Choinopoulos I. Grubbs' and Schrock's Catalysts, Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Molecular Brushes-Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E298. [PMID: 30960282 PMCID: PMC6419171 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, molecular brushes and other macromolecular architectures bearing a bottlebrush segment where the main chain is synthesized by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) mediated by Mo or Ru metal complexes are considered. A brief review of metathesis and ROMP is presented in order to understand the problems and the solutions provided through the years. The synthetic strategies towards bottlebrush copolymers are demonstrated and each one discussed separately. The initiators/catalysts for the synthesis of the backbone with ROMP are discussed. Syntheses of molecular brushes are presented. The most interesting properties of the bottlebrushes are detailed. Finally, the applications studied by different groups are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Choinopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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39
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Machado CA, Smith IR, Savin DA. Self-Assembly of Oligo- and Polypeptide-Based Amphiphiles: Recent Advances and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Machado
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ian R. Smith
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel A. Savin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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40
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Lin Y, Mazo MM, Skaalure SC, Thomas MR, Schultz SR, Stevens MM. Activatable cell-biomaterial interfacing with photo-caged peptides. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1158-1167. [PMID: 30774914 PMCID: PMC6349021 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an effective strategy to design activatable cell–material interfacing systems enabling photo-modulated cellular entry of cargoes and cell adhesion towards surfaces.
Spatio-temporally tailoring cell–material interactions is essential for developing smart delivery systems and intelligent biointerfaces. Here we report new photo-activatable cell–material interfacing systems that trigger cellular uptake of various cargoes and cell adhesion towards surfaces. To achieve this, we designed a novel photo-caged peptide which undergoes a structural transition from an antifouling ligand to a cell-penetrating peptide upon photo-irradiation. When the peptide is conjugated to ligands of interest, we demonstrate the photo-activated cellular uptake of a wide range of cargoes, including small fluorophores, proteins, inorganic (e.g., quantum dots and gold nanostars) and organic nanomaterials (e.g., polymeric particles), and liposomes. Using this system, we can remotely regulate drug administration into cancer cells by functionalizing camptothecin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles with our synthetic peptide ligands. Furthermore, we show light-controlled cell adhesion on a peptide-modified surface and 3D spatiotemporal control over cellular uptake of nanoparticles using two-photon excitation. We anticipate that the innovative approach proposed in this work will help to establish new stimuli-responsive delivery systems and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Lin
- Department of Materials , Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Manuel M Mazo
- Department of Materials , Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Stacey C Skaalure
- Department of Materials , Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Michael R Thomas
- Department of Materials , Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Simon R Schultz
- Department of Bioengineering and Centre for Neurotechnology , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials , Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
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41
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Xie G, Martinez MR, Olszewski M, Sheiko SS, Matyjaszewski K. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Novel Materials. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:27-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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42
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Wright DB, Thompson MP, Touve MA, Carlini AS, Gianneschi NC. Enzyme-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800467. [PMID: 30176076 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Open-to-air aqueous-phase ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROMPISA) is reported for forming well-defined peptide polymer nanoparticles at room temperature and with high solids concentrations (10 w/w%). For these materials, ROMPISA is shown to provide control over molecular weight with high conversion while open-to-air. Moreover, these peptide polymer nanoparticles can spontaneously rearrange into larger aggregate scaffolds in the presence of the proteolytic enzyme, thermolysin. This work demonstrates the robust nature of ROMPISA, highlighted here for the preparation of stimuli-responsive nanostructures in one pot, in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Mollie A Touve
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
| | - Andrea S Carlini
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3113, USA
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43
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Alazzo A, Lovato T, Collins H, Taresco V, Stolnik S, Soliman M, Spriggs K, Alexander C. Structural variations in hyperbranched polymers prepared via thermal polycondensation of lysine and histidine and their effects on DNA delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alazzo
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics; University of Mosul; Mosul Iraq
| | - Tatiana Lovato
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hilary Collins
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Keith Spriggs
- School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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44
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Yang L, Tang H, Sun H. Progress in Photo-Responsive Polypeptide Derived Nano-Assemblies. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E296. [PMID: 30424229 PMCID: PMC6187351 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials have attracted significant attention in a variety of high-value-added and industrial applications during the past decade. Among various stimuli, light is of particular interest as a stimulus because of its unique advantages, such as precisely spatiotemporal control, mild conditions, ease of use, and tunability. In recent years, a lot of effort towards the synthesis of a biocompatible and biodegradable polypeptide has resulted in many examples of photo-responsive nanoparticles. Depending on the specific photochemistry, those polypeptide derived nano-assemblies are capable of crosslinking, disassembling, or morphing into other shapes upon light irradiation. In this mini-review, we aim to assess the current state of photo-responsive polypeptide based nanomaterials. Firstly, those 'smart' nanomaterials will be categorized by their photo-triggered events (i.e., crosslinking, degradation, and isomerization), which are inherently governed by photo-sensitive functionalities, including O-nitrobenzyl, coumarin, azobenzene, cinnamyl, and spiropyran. In addition, the properties and applications of those polypeptide nanomaterials will be highlighted as well. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of this subject will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Houliang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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45
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Xie N, Feng K, Shao J, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Luminescence-Tunable Polynorbornenes for Simultaneous Multicolor Imaging in Subcellular Organelles. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2750-2758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology, University of CAS, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology, University of CAS, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology, University of CAS, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology, University of CAS, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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46
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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47
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Xie N, Feng K, Shao J, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. A simple, modular synthesis of bifunctional peptide-polynorbornenes for apoptosis induction and fluorescence imaging of cancer cells. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional peptide-polynorbornenes were designed and fabricated via modular ROMP for mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis induction and fluorescence imaging of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jianqun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & School of Future Technology
- University of CAS
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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48
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Parent LR, Bakalis E, Ramírez-Hernández A, Kammeyer JK, Park C, de Pablo J, Zerbetto F, Patterson JP, Gianneschi NC. Directly Observing Micelle Fusion and Growth in Solution by Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17140-17151. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Parent
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Evangelos Bakalis
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Materials
Science Division and Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jacquelin K. Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chiwoo Park
- Department
of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Juan de Pablo
- Materials
Science Division and Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Joseph P. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Center of Multiscale Electron
Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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49
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Paik BA, Mane SR, Jia X, Kiick KL. Responsive Hybrid (Poly)peptide-Polymer Conjugates. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8274-8288. [PMID: 29430300 PMCID: PMC5802422 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)peptide-polymer conjugates continue to garner significant interest in the production of functional materials given their composition of natural and synthetic building blocks that confer select and synergistic properties. Owing to opportunities to design predefined architectures and structures with different morphologies, these hybrid conjugates enable new approaches for producing micro- or nanomaterials. Their modular design enables the incorporation of multiple responsive properties into a single conjugate. This review presents recent advances in (poly)peptide-polymer conjugates for drug-delivery applications, with a specific focus on the utility of the (poly)peptide component in the assembly of particles and nanogels, as well as the role of the peptide in triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford A Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-3106
| | - Shivshankar R Mane
- The Institude For Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716-3106
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711
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50
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Fan J, Borguet YP, Su L, Nguyen TP, Wang H, He X, Zou J, Wooley KL. Two-Dimensional Controlled Syntheses of Polypeptide Molecular Brushes via N-Carboxyanhydride Ring-Opening Polymerization and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1031-1035. [PMID: 28966880 PMCID: PMC5617330 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined molecular brushes bearing polypeptides as side chains were prepared by a "grafting through" synthetic strategy with two-dimensional control over the brush molecular architectures. By integrating N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerizations (NCA ROPs) and ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMPs), desirable segment lengths of polypeptide side chains and polynorbornene brush backbones were independently constructed in controlled manners. The N2 flow accelerated NCA ROP was utilized to prepare polypeptide macromonomers with different lengths initiated from a norbornene-based primary amine, and those macromonomers were then polymerized via ROMP. It was found that a mixture of dichloromethane and an ionic liquid were required as the solvent system to allow for construction of molecular brush polymers having densely-grafted peptide chains emanating from a polynorbornene backbone, poly(norbornene-graft-poly(β-benzyl-l-aspartate)) (P(NB-g-PBLA)). Highly efficient postpolymerization modification was achieved by aminolysis of PBLA side chains for facile installment of functional moieties onto the molecular brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Yannick P. Borguet
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Lu Su
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Tan P. Nguyen
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Hai Wang
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Jiong Zou
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Laboratory
for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United
States
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