1
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Boyle BT, Dow NW, Kelly CB, Bryan MC, MacMillan DWC. Unlocking carbene reactivity by metallaphotoredox α-elimination. Nature 2024; 631:789-795. [PMID: 38843825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to tame high-energy intermediates is important for synthetic chemistry, enabling the construction of complex molecules and propelling advances in the field of synthesis. Along these lines, carbenes and carbenoid intermediates are particularly attractive, but often unknown, high-energy intermediates1,2. Classical methods to access metal carbene intermediates exploit two-electron chemistry to form the carbon-metal bond. However, these methods are usually prohibitive because of reagent safety concerns, limiting their broad implementation in synthesis3-6. Mechanistically, an alternative approach to carbene intermediates that could circumvent these pitfalls would involve two single-electron steps: radical addition to metal to forge the initial carbon-metal bond followed by redox-promoted α-elimination to yield the desired metal carbene intermediate. Here we realize this strategy through a metallaphotoredox platform that exploits iron carbene reactivity using readily available chemical feedstocks as radical sources and α-elimination from six classes of previously underexploited leaving groups. These discoveries permit cyclopropanation and σ-bond insertion into N-H, S-H and P-H bonds from abundant and bench-stable carboxylic acids, amino acids and alcohols, thereby providing a general solution to the challenge of carbene-mediated chemical diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Boyle
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Marian C Bryan
- Therapeutics Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
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2
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Wang G, Gao L, Feng Y, Lin L. Visible-Light-Activated Nickel Thiolates for C-S Couplings. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37267073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiolates are known as the inhibitors of metal catalysis due to their strong coordination with the metal. Herein, we reported visible-light-induced homolysis of the Ni-S bond to activate the nickel(II) thiolates for the C-S coupling, obviating the use of exogenous photocatalysts and other additives. Various aryl bromides/iodides can efficiently couple with thiols with a wide range of functional groups under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested the homolysis of the Ni-S bond is the key step for couplings and nickel(0) is not involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yunhui Feng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Luqing Lin
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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3
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Wang H, Wang F, Li X, Xiao Q, Luo W, Xu J. In-situ formation of electron-deficient Pd sites on AuPd alloy nanoparticles under irradiation enabled efficient photocatalytic Heck reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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4
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Patra K, Bhattacherya A, Li C, Bera JK, Soo HS. Understanding the Visible-Light-Initiated Manganese-Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinolines and Naphthyridines under Ambient and Aerobic Conditions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaless Patra
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arindom Bhattacherya
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Chenfei Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Han Sen Soo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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5
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Beletskaya IP, Ananikov VP. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–S, C–Se, and C–Te Bond Formations via Cross-Coupling and Atom-Economic Addition Reactions. Achievements and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16110-16293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Aryldiazonium salts can serve as nitrogen-based Lewis acid catalysts and their applications in the formation of photoactive charge transfer complexes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Dong XY, Li ZL, Gu QS, Liu XY. Ligand Development for Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical Cross-Coupling of Racemic Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17319-17329. [PMID: 36048164 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enantioconvergent cross-coupling of racemic alkyl halides represents a powerful tool for the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules. In this regard, the first-row transition metal catalysis provides a suitable mechanism for stereoconvergence by converting racemic alkyl halides to prochiral radical intermediates owing to their good single-electron transfer ability. In contrast to the noble development of chiral nickel catalyst, copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical cross-coupling of alkyl halides is less studied. Besides the enantiocontrol issue, the major challenge arises from the weak reducing capability of copper that slows the reaction initiation. Recently, significant efforts have been dedicated to basic research aimed at developing chiral ligands for copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent radical cross-coupling of racemic alkyl halides. This perspective will discuss the advances in this burgeoning area with particular emphasis on the strategic chiral anionic ligand design to tune the reducing capability of copper for the reaction initiation under thermal conditions from our research group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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8
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Mao S, Zhao Y, Luo Z, Wang R, Yuan B, Hu J, Hu L, Zhang SQ, Ye X, Wang M, Chen Z. Metal-free photo-induced sulfidation of aryl iodide and other chalcogenation. Front Chem 2022; 10:941016. [PMID: 35958235 PMCID: PMC9360480 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.941016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A photo-induced C-S radical cross-coupling of aryl iodides and disulfides under transition-metal and external photosensitizer free conditions for the synthesis of aryl sulfides at room temperature has been presented, which features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and good functional group compatibility. The developed methodology could be readily applied to forge C-S bond in the field of pharmaceutical and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Yahao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Zixuan Luo
- Xi’an Changqing Chemical Group Co., Ltd, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Qingyuan Edible Fungi Research Center, Lishui, ZJ, China
| | - Linghao Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Xiaoxing Ye
- Qingyuan Edible Fungi Research Center, Lishui, ZJ, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Rufino-Felipe E, Valdes H, Morales-Morales D. C‐S cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by well‐defined copper and nickel complexes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rufino-Felipe
- Instituto de Quimica UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Quimica Inorganic Chemistry MEXICO
| | - Hugo Valdes
- University of Girona - Montilivi Campus: Universitat de Girona - Campus de Montilivi Chemistry SPAIN
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Quimica. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Quimica inorganica Ciudad UniversitariaCircuito Exterior S/NCoyoacan 04510 Mexico City MEXICO
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10
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Sagadevan A, Ghosh A, Maity P, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Rueping M. Visible-Light Copper Nanocluster Catalysis for the C-N Coupling of Aryl Chlorides at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12052-12061. [PMID: 35766900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of aryl chlorides in cross-coupling reactions is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis that is of great interest to industry. Ultrasmall (<3 nm), atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) are considered one of the most promising catalysts due to their high surface area and unsaturated active sites. Herein, we introduce a copper nanocluster-based catalyst, [Cu61(StBu)26S6Cl6H14] (Cu61NC) that enables C-N bond-forming reactions of aryl chlorides under visible-light irradiation at room temperature. A range of N-heterocyclic nucleophiles and electronically and sterically diverse aryl/hetero chlorides react in this new Cu61NC-catalyzed process to afford the C-N coupling products in good yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that a single-electron-transfer (SET) process between the photoexcited Cu61NC complex and aryl halide enables the C-N-arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Sagadevan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Partha Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Red Light-Based Dual Photoredox Strategy Resembling the Z-Scheme of Natural Photosynthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1488-1503. [PMID: 35783177 PMCID: PMC9241018 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis typically relies on the use of single chromophores, whereas strategies, in which two different light absorbers are combined, are rare. In photosystems I and II of green plants, the two separate chromophores P680 and P700 both absorb light independently of one another, and then their excitation energy is combined in the so-called Z-scheme, to drive an overall reaction that is thermodynamically very demanding. Here, we adapt this concept to perform photoredox reactions on organic substrates with the combined energy input of two red photons instead of blue or UV light. Specifically, a CuI bis(α-diimine) complex in combination with in situ formed 9,10-dicyanoanthracenyl radical anion in the presence of excess diisopropylethylamine catalyzes ca. 50 dehalogenation and detosylation reactions. This dual photoredox approach seems useful because red light is less damaging and has a greater penetration depth than blue or UV radiation. UV-vis transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the subtle change in solvent from acetonitrile to acetone induces a changeover in the reaction mechanism, involving either a dominant photoinduced electron transfer or a dominant triplet-triplet energy transfer pathway. Our study illustrates the mechanistic complexity in systems operating under multiphotonic excitation conditions, and it provides insights into how the competition between desirable and unwanted reaction steps can become more controllable.
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12
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Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Granados A, Molander GA. Sustainable Thioetherification via Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation Using Thianthrenium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202706. [PMID: 35294095 PMCID: PMC9117462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfides has been widely studied because this functional subunit is prevalent in biomolecules and pharmaceuticals, as well as being a useful synthetic platform for further elaboration. Thus, various methods to build C-S bonds have been developed, but typically they require the use of precious metals or harsh conditions. Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation strategies have emerged as versatile and sustainable ways to achieve C-S bond formation, avoiding challenges associated with previous methods. This work describes an open-to-air, photoinduced, site-selective C-H thioetherification from readily available reagents via EDA complex formation that tolerates a wide range of different functional groups. Moreover, C(sp2 )-halogen bonds remain intact using this protocol, allowing late-stage installation of the sulfide motif in various bioactive scaffolds, while allowing yet further modification through more traditional C-X bond cleavage protocols. Additionally, various mechanistic investigations support the envisioned EDA complex scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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13
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Liu ZL, Xu JX, Deng N, Dong Z, Shen X, Xu J, Xu HJ. Coupling of Thiols and Aryl Halides Mediated by Dicyclohexano-18-Crown-6 and Potassium Carbonate. Curr Org Synth 2022; 19:824-837. [PMID: 35418286 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220412084111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A simple, transition-metal-free C-S coupling protocol for the synthesis of aryl thioethers is reported Background: Sulfur-containing moieties are ubiquitous in pharmaceutical drugs and materials and therefore methods for their construction are of great importance. One approach entails the catalytic coupling of an aryl halohydrocarbon with a thiol, but the transition metal catalysts usually used are prone to poisoning by participating sulfur species and efficient catalysis is usually only achieved after complex ligand optimization. OBJECTIVE New transition-metal-free approaches to the synthesis of C-S bonds are urgently need Method: We screened the reaction conditions such as alkali, crown ether, solvent, temperature, etc., tested the compatibility of the reaction substrate, and analyzed the mechanism process. RESULT the optimized reaction conditions were determined to be 1.0 equiv of aryl halides and 1.2 equiv of thiols at 110 ℃ in toluene with K2CO3 (1.5 equiv) as a base, promoted by 10 mol% dicyclohexano-18-crown-6. Up to 33 examples of thioethers were synthesized under transition-metal-free conditions in good to excellent yields. CONCLUSION we have developed a simple and efficient method for the C-S cross-coupling of a wide variety of (hetero)aryl halides and thiols mediated by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 and without the need for transition-metal catalyst. In addition, the preparation and gram-scale experiments of a variety of drug molecules further verify the practicability of our developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jing-Xiu Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ning Deng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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14
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Yang D, Yan Q, Zhu E, Lv J, He WM. Carbon–sulfur bond formation via photochemical strategies: An efficient method for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Granados A, Molander G. Sustainable Thioetherification via Electron Donor‐Acceptor Photoactivation using Thianthrenium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Granados
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Gary Molander
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry 231 South 34th Street 19104-6323 Philadelphia UNITED STATES
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16
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Lee H, Ahn JM, Oyala PH, Citek C, Yin H, Fu GC, Peters JC. Investigation of the C-N Bond-Forming Step in a Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent N-Alkylation: Characterization and Application of a Stabilized Organic Radical as a Mechanistic Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4114-4123. [PMID: 35167268 PMCID: PMC9269863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whereas photoinduced, copper-catalyzed couplings of nitrogen nucleophiles with alkyl electrophiles have recently been shown to provide an attractive approach to achieving a variety of enantioselective C-N bond constructions, mechanistic studies of these transformations have lagged the advances in reaction development. Herein we provide mechanistic insight into a previously reported photoinduced, copper-catalyzed enantioconvergent C-N coupling of a carbazole nucleophile with a racemic tertiary α-haloamide electrophile. Building on the isolation of a copper(II) model complex whose EPR parameters serve as a guide, we independently synthesize two key intermediates in the proposed catalytic cycle, a copper(II) metalloradical (L*CuII(carb')2) (L* = a monodentate chiral phosphine ligand; carb' = a carbazolide ligand), as well as a tertiary α-amide organic radical (R·); the generation and characterization of R· was guided by DFT calculations, which suggested that it would be stable to homocoupling. Continuous-wave (CW) and pulse EPR studies, along with corresponding DFT calculations, are among the techniques used to characterize these reactive radicals. We establish that these two radicals do indeed combine to furnish the C-N coupling product in good yield and with significant enantiomeric excess (77% yield, 55% ee), thereby supporting the chemical competence of these proposed intermediates. DFT calculations are consistent with R· initially binding to copper(II) via a dative interaction from the closed-shell carbonyl oxygen atom of the radical, which positions the α-carbon for direct reaction with the copper(II)-bound carbazole N atom, to generate the C-N bond with enantioselectivity, without the formation of an alkylcopper(III) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jun Myun Ahn
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cooper Citek
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Haolin Yin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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17
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Zhong S, Zhou Z, Zhao F, Mao G, Deng GJ, Huang H. Deoxygenative C–S Bond Coupling with Sulfinates via Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:1865-1870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan Xiangtan 411105, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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18
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Song G, Xue D. Research Progress on Light-Promoted Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-Heteroatom Bond Coupling Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202202018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Luo J, Lin M, Wu L, Cai Z, He L, Du G. The organocatalytic synthesis of perfluorophenylsulfides via the thiolation of trimethyl(perfluorophenyl)silanes and thiosulfonates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9237-9241. [PMID: 34647948 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The organic superbase t-Bu-P4-catalyzed direct thiolation of trimethyl(perfluorophenyl)silanes and thiosulfonates was developed. Yields of perfluorophenylsulfides of up to 97% under catalysis of 5 mol% t-Bu-P4 were achieved. This method was shown to provide an efficient way to construct the perfluorophenyl-sulfur bond under mild metal-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, China.
| | - Muze Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, China.
| | - Leifang Wu
- Analysis and Testing Center of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, China
| | - Zhihua Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, China.
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, China.
| | - Guangfen Du
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 832000, China.
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20
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Pan L, Cooke MV, Spencer A, Laulhé S. Dimsyl Anion Enables Visible‐Light‐Promoted Charge Transfer in Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 364:420-425. [PMID: 37197314 PMCID: PMC10187771 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is reported for visible-light-promoted synthesis of unsymmetrical chalcogenides enabled by dimsyl anion in the absence of transition-metals or photoredox catalysts. The cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and diaryl dichalcogenides proceeds with electron-rich, electron-poor, and heteroaromatic moieties. Mechanistic investigations using UV-Vis spectroscopy, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, and control reactions suggest that dimsyl anion forms an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex capable of absorbing blue light, leading to a charge transfer responsible for generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides. This previously unreported mechanistic pathway may be applied to other light-induced transformations performed in DMSO in the presence of bases and aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 United States
| | - Maria Victoria Cooke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 United States
| | - Amara Spencer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 United States
| | - Sébastien Laulhé
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 United States
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21
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Liang G, Wang JH, Lei T, Cheng YY, Zhou C, Chen YJ, Ye C, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Direct C-H Thiolation for Selective Cross-Coupling of Arenes with Thiophenols via Aerobic Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8082-8087. [PMID: 34609892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An aerobic metal-free, visible-light-induced regioselective thiolation of phenols with thiophenols is reported. The cross-coupling protocol exhibits great functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the disulfide radical cation plays a crucial role in the visible-light catalysis of aerobic thiolation. Simply controlling the equivalent ratio of substrates enables the selective formation of sulfide or sulfoxide products with high activity in a one-pot reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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22
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Li Q, Guo L, Shi J, Xiang T, Li Q, He K, Wang B, Feng C, Pan F. Nickel‐Catalyzed Deaminative Cross‐Coupling of Disulfides with Katritzky Pryidium Salts to Construct Sulfides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu‐Li Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Yun Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Tong‐Xu Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Han He
- School of Science Xichang University 1 Xuefu Road Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Xichang 615000 P. R. China
| | - Bi‐Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Chun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University 5 Jingan Road Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
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23
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Cao D, Pan P, Li CJ, Zeng H. Photo-induced transition-metal and photosensitizer free cross–coupling of aryl halides with disulfides. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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24
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Sandoval-Pauker C, Molina-Aguirre G, Pinter B. Status report on copper (I) complexes in photoredox catalysis; photophysical and electrochemical properties and future prospects. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Xu P, López-Rojas P, Ritter T. Radical Decarboxylative Carbometalation of Benzoic Acids: A Solution to Aromatic Decarboxylative Fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5349-5354. [PMID: 33818084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant aromatic carboxylic acids exist in great structural diversity from nature and synthesis. To date, the synthetically valuable decarboxylative functionalization of benzoic acids is realized mainly by transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative cross couplings. However, the high activation barrier for thermal decarboxylative carbometalation that often requires 140 °C reaction temperature limits both the substrate scope as well as the scope of suitable reactions that can sustain such conditions. Numerous reactions, for example, decarboxylative fluorination that is well developed for aliphatic carboxylic acids, are out of reach for the aromatic counterparts with current reaction chemistry. Here, we report a conceptually different approach through a low-barrier photoinduced ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT)-enabled radical decarboxylative carbometalation strategy, which generates a putative high-valent arylcopper(III) complex, from which versatile facile reductive eliminations can occur. We demonstrate the suitability of our new approach to address previously unrealized general decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Priscila López-Rojas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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26
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Wang R, Chen F, Jiang L, Yi W. Electrochemical Thiolation and Borylation of Arylazo Sulfones with Thiols and B
2
pin
2. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Lvqi Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street Nanjing 210094 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032
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27
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Xing WL, Liu DG, Fu MC. Transition-metal-free decarboxylative thiolation of stable aliphatic carboxylates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4593-4597. [PMID: 35424417 PMCID: PMC8694499 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A transition-metal-free decarboxylative thiolation protocol is reported in which (hetero)aryl acetates and α-CN substituted acetates undergo smoothly, to deliver a variety of functionalized aryl alkyl sulfides in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - De-Guang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
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28
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Ni H, Lu Z, Xie Z. Light-promoted copper-catalyzed cage C-arylation of o-carboranes: facile synthesis of 1-aryl- o-carboranes and o-carborane-fused cyclics. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Light-promoted, copper catalyzed cage C–H arylation of o-carboranes with aryl halides has been achieved, leading to the facile synthesis of a variety of 1-aryl-o-carboranes and o-carborane-fused cyclics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangcheng Ni
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
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29
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Wenger OS. Photoactive Nickel Complexes in Cross‐Coupling Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 27:2270-2278. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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30
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Zhao X, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox Perfluoroalkylation of Organobromides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19480-19486. [PMID: 33164534 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ruppert-Prakash type reagents (TMSCF3, TMSC2F5, and TMSC3F7) are readily available, air-stable, and easy-to-handle fluoroalkyl sources. Herein, we describe a mild, copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of these fluoroalkyl nucleophiles with aryl and alkyl bromides to produce a diverse array of trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and heptafluoropropyl adducts. This light-mediated transformation proceeds via a silyl-radical-mediated halogen atom abstraction pathway, which enables perfluoroalkylation of a broad range of organobromides of variable steric and electronic demand. The utility of the method is demonstrated through the late-stage functionalization of several drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Zhao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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31
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Zhu F, Chen Z, Walczak MA. Ligand-Free Copper(I)-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organostannanes with Sulfur Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11942-11951. [PMID: 32902269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of aryl thioether through the cross-coupling of C-S bond is a highly attractive area of research due to the prevalence of aryl thioether in bioactive natural products, functional materials, agrochemicals, and pharmaceutically active compounds. Herein, we report a ligand-free Cu(I) mediated electrophilic thiolation of organostannanes with sulfur electrophiles. A selective transfer of alkyl groups was achieved in reactions with alkyl carbastannatranes affording congested thioethers. This study offers a unified method to access diaryl and aryl alkyl thioethers and was demonstrated in the context of late-stage modifications..
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Zhenhao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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32
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HARC as an open-shell strategy to bypass oxidative addition in Ullmann-Goldberg couplings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21058-21064. [PMID: 32817531 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011831117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed arylation of unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles, known as the Ullmann-Goldberg coupling, is a valuable transformation for medicinal chemists, providing a modular disconnection for the rapid diversification of heteroaromatic cores. The utility of the coupling, however, has established limitations arising from a high-barrier copper oxidative addition step, which often necessitates the use of electron-rich ligands, elevated temperatures, and/or activated aryl electrophiles. Herein, we present an alternative aryl halide activation strategy, in which the critical oxidative addition (OA) mechanism has been replaced by a halogen abstraction-radical capture (HARC) sequence that allows the generation of the same Cu(III)-aryl intermediate albeit via a photoredox pathway. This alternative mechanistic paradigm decouples the bond-breaking and bond-forming steps of the catalytic cycle to enable the use of many previously inert aryl bromides. Overall, this mechanism allows access to both traditional C-N adducts at room temperature as well as a large range of previously inaccessible Ullmann-Goldberg coupling products including sterically demanding ortho-substituted heteroarenes.
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33
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Hunter CJ, Boyd MJ, May GD, Fimognari R. Visible-Light-Mediated N-Desulfonylation of N-Heterocycles Using a Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complex as a Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8732-8739. [PMID: 32482067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox protocol that uses a heteroleptic Cu (I) complex, [Cu(dq)(BINAP)]BF4, has been developed for the photodeprotection of benzenesulfonyl-protected N-heterocycles. A range of substrates was examined, including indazoles, indoles, pyrazoles, and benzimidazole, featuring both electron-rich and electron-deficient substituents, giving good yields of the N-heterocycle products with broad functional group tolerance. This transformation was also found to be amenable to flow reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Hunter
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael J Boyd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Gregory D May
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Robert Fimognari
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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34
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Wang Y, Deng J, Chen J, Cao F, Hou Y, Yang Y, Deng X, Yang J, Wu L, Shao X, Shi T, Wang Z. Dechalcogenization of Aryl Dichalcogenides to Synthesize Aryl Chalcogenides via Copper Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiedan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongsheng Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinru Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lingxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road, No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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35
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Recent progress in the development of transition-metal based photoredox catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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G. A, M. R. P, V. U, K. S. A polyamine dendritic polymer–copper complex: a reusable catalyst for the additive-free amination of aryl bromides, and iodides. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04981a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Additive-free synthesis of aryl amines from aryl halides using a reusable water-soluble porphyrin-cored amine-functionalized dendritic polymer copper complex (PPECH–Amine–Cu) catalyst in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avudaiappan G.
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Palmurukan M. R.
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Unnikrishnan V.
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Sreekumar K.
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Cochin University of Science and Technology
- India
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37
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Li J, Bao W, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Metal-Free Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed C-S Coupling for the Selective Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides under Mild Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University; 214122 Wuxi P. R. China
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38
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Li G, Yan Q, Gan Z, Li Q, Dou X, Yang D. Photocatalyst-Free Visible-Light-Promoted C(sp2)–S Coupling: A Strategy for the Preparation of S-Aryl Dithiocarbamates. Org Lett 2019; 21:7938-7942. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Qiuli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Dou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
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39
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Cavedon C, Seeberger PH, Pieber B. Photochemical Strategies for Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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40
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Ye F, Berger F, Jia H, Ford J, Wortman A, Börgel J, Genicot C, Ritter T. Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Site-Selective Late-Stage Trifluoromethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14615-14619. [PMID: 31389649 PMCID: PMC7754511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of the CF3 group into arenes has found increasing importance in drug discovery. Herein, we report the first photoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl thianthrenium salts with a copper-based trifluoromethyl reagent, which enables a site-selective late-stage trifluoromethylation of arenes. The reaction proceeds with broad functional group tolerance, even for complex small molecules on gram scale. The method was further extended to produce pentafluoroethylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hao Jia
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joseph Ford
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alan Wortman
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jonas Börgel
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB Medicines, UCB Biopharma, Braine-L'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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41
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Ye F, Berger F, Jia H, Ford J, Wortman A, Börgel J, Genicot C, Ritter T. Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Trifluoromethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Hao Jia
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Joseph Ford
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Alan Wortman
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jonas Börgel
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry UCB Medicines UCB Biopharma Braine-L'Alleud 1420 Belgium
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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42
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Ueda M. Research of Novel Synthetic Method toward Diarylsulfides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University
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43
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He R, Chen X, Li Y, Liu Q, Liao C, Chen L, Huang Y. NH4I-Promoted and H2O-Controlled Intermolecular Bis-sulfenylation and Hydroxysulfenylation of Alkenes via a Radical Process. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8750-8758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runfa He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunshu Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529090, China
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44
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45
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Liu D, Ma H, Fang P, Mei T. Nickel‐Catalyzed Thiolation of Aryl Halides and Heteroaryl Halides through Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5033-5037. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hong‐Xing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tian‐Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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46
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Sikari R, Sinha S, Das S, Saha A, Chakraborty G, Mondal R, Paul ND. Achieving Nickel Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling under Mild Conditions Using Metal–Ligand Cooperativity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4072-4085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Anannya Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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47
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Liu D, Ma H, Fang P, Mei T. Nickel‐Catalyzed Thiolation of Aryl Halides and Heteroaryl Halides through Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hong‐Xing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tian‐Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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48
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Xiong Y, Ma X, Zhang G. Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carboamination of Alkenes Induced by Visible Light. Org Lett 2019; 21:1699-1703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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49
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He J, Chen C, Fu GC, Peters JC. Visible-Light-Induced, Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of Alkyl Halides, Olefins, and Trifluoromethylthiolate to Generate Trifluoromethyl Thioethers. ACS Catal 2018; 8:11741-11748. [PMID: 31396434 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed coupling reactions are emerging as a powerful method for generating Csp3-Y (Y = C or heteroatom) bonds from alkyl electrophiles and nucleophiles. Corresponding three-component couplings of alkyl electrophiles, olefins, and nucleophiles have the potential to generate an additional Csp3-Y bond and to efficiently add functional groups to both carbons of an olefin, which serves as a readily available linchpin. In this report, we establish that a variety of electrophiles and a trifluoromethylthiolate nucleophile can add across an array of olefins (including styrenes and electron-poor olefins) in the presence of CuI/binap and blue-LED irradiation, thereby generating trifluoromethyl thioethers in good yield. The process tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and an initial survey of other nucleophiles (i.e., bromide, cyanide, and azide) suggests that this three-component coupling strategy is versatile. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a photoexcited Cu(I)/binap/SCF3 complex serving as a reductant to generate an alkyl radical from the electrophile, which likely reacts in turn with the olefin and a Cu(II)/SCF3 complex to afford the coupling product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Caiyou Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C. Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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50
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Liu B, Lim CH, Miyake GM. Transition-Metal-Free, Visible-Light-Promoted C-S Cross-Coupling through Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Synlett 2018; 29:2449-2455. [PMID: 31839692 PMCID: PMC6910657 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
C-S cross-couplings are an important class of reactions applied across organic synthesis, materials science, and pharma-ceuticals. Several different methodologies have been developed to achieve this significant transformation. However, currently available synthetic procedures significantly rely on transition metals. This article describes historical developments in the field of transition-metal-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling reactions, the development of a visible-light-driven and catalyst-free approach to C-S bond formation, and future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 301 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 301 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 301 West Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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