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Nabiyan A, Muttathukattil A, Tomazic F, Pretzel D, Schubert US, Engel M, Schacher FH. Self-Assembly of Core-Shell Hybrid Nanoparticles by Directional Crystallization of Grafted Polymers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21216-21226. [PMID: 37721407 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle self-assembly is an efficient bottom-up strategy for the creation of nanostructures. In a typical approach, ligands are grafted onto the surfaces of nanoparticles to improve the dispersion stability and control interparticle interactions. Ligands then remain secondary and usually are not expected to order significantly during superstructure formation. Here, we investigate how ligands can play a more decisive role in the formation of anisotropic inorganic-organic hybrid materials. We graft poly(2-iso-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) as a crystallizable shell onto SiO2 nanoparticles. By varying the PiPrOx grafting density, both solution stability and nanoparticle aggregation behavior can be controlled. Upon prolonged heating, anisotropic nanostructures form in conjunction with the crystallization of the ligands. Self-assembly of hybrid PiPrOx@SiO2 (shell@core) nanoparticles proceeds in two steps: First, the rapid formation of amorphous aggregates occurs via gelation, mediated by the interaction between nanoparticles through grafted polymer chains. As a second step, slow radial growth of fibers was observed via directional crystallization, governed by the incorporation of crystalline ribbons formed from free polymeric ligands in combination with crystallization of the covalently attached ligand shell. Our work reveals how crystallization-driven self-assembly of ligands can create intricate hybrid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nabiyan
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aswathy Muttathukattil
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico Tomazic
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Pretzel
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Lv Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Jiang L. Self-Assembling Oligo(2-oxazoline) Organogelators for the Encapsulation and Slow Release of Bioactive Volatiles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27523-27531. [PMID: 35967068 PMCID: PMC9366986 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a class of distinctive supramolecular nanostructures in situ-generated from the cationic ring-opening polymerization of a particular 2-oxazoline monomer, i.e., 2-(N-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)-2-oxazoline (Ox1). Driven by side-chain hydrogen bonding between neighboring molecules and van der Waals interactions, the growing oligomers of Ox1 precipitate in the form of macroscopic platelets when the degree of polymerization reaches 5-7. A similar self-assembly occurred in the block copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) or 2-pentyl-2-oxazoline (PeOx) and Ox1 as the second monomer. These polymeric aggregates were found to disassemble into rod-like nanoparticles under appropriate conditions, and to form stable organogels in some polar solvents like dimethylformamide as well as in natural liquid fragrances such as (R)-carvone, citronellal, and (R)-limonene. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of their xerogels was solvent-dependent, mainly with a lamellar or fibrous structure. The rheology measurements confirmed the as-obtained organogels feature an obvious thixotropic character. The storage modulus was about 7-10 times higher than the loss modulus, indicating the physical crosslinking in the gel. The fragrance release profiles showed that the presented supramolecular gel system exhibits good sustained-release effect for the loaded bioactive volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Lv
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry
of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry
of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry
of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liming Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry
of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Zhu C, Nicolas J. (Bio)degradable and Biocompatible Nano-Objects from Polymerization-Induced and Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3043-3080. [PMID: 35707964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) techniques have emerged as powerful approaches to produce a broad range of advanced synthetic nano-objects with high potential in biomedical applications. PISA produces nano-objects of different morphologies (e.g., spheres, vesicles and worms), with high solids content (∼10-50 wt %) and without additional surfactant. CDSA can finely control the self-assembly of block copolymers and readily forms nonspherical crystalline nano-objects and more complex, hierarchical assemblies, with spatial and dimensional control over particle length or surface area, which is typically difficult to achieve by PISA. Considering the importance of these two assembly techniques in the current scientific landscape of block copolymer self-assembly and the craze for their use in the biomedical field, this review will focus on the advances in PISA and CDSA to produce nano-objects suitable for biomedical applications in terms of (bio)degradability and biocompatibility. This review will therefore discuss these two aspects in order to guide the future design of block copolymer nanoparticles for future translation toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Hu Y, Mu J. How the modification of the hyperbranched terminals affects the solution self-assembly of linear-block-hyperbranched copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shi B, Shen D, Li W, Wang G. Self-Assembly of Copolymers Containing Crystallizable Blocks: Strategies and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200071. [PMID: 35343014 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of copolymers containing crystallizable block in solution has received increasing attentions in the past few years. Various strategies including crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) and polymerization-induced CDSA (PI-CDSA) have been widely developed. Abundant self-assembly morphologies were captured and advanced applications have been attempted. In this review, the synthetic strategies including the mechanisms and characteristics are highlighted, the survey on the advanced applications of crystalline nano-assemblies are collected. This review is hoped to depict a comprehensive outline for self-assembly of copolymers containing crystallizable block in recent years and to prompt the development of the self-assembly technology in interdisciplinary field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ding Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Determination of the Degree of Crystallinity of Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244356. [PMID: 34960906 PMCID: PMC8704864 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for purification of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline using citric acid was developed and living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline was carried out. Polymerization was conducted in acetonitrile using benzyl chloride—boron trifluoride etherate initiating system. According to DSC data, the temperature range of melting of the crystalline phase of the resulting polymer was 95–180 °C. According to small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction data, the degree of crystallinity of the polymer was 12%. Upon cooling of the polymer melt, the polymer became amorphous. Using thermogravimetric analysis, it was found that the thermal destruction of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) started above 209 °C.
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Oleszko-Torbus N. Recent Advances in Modifications, Properties and Applications of 2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline (Co)Polymers. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1993252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Dore MD, Trinh T, Zorman M, de Rochambeau D, Platnich CM, Xu P, Luo X, Remington JM, Toader V, Cosa G, Li J, Sleiman HF. Thermosetting supramolecular polymerization of compartmentalized DNA fibers with stereo sequence and length control. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Finnegan JR, Pilkington EH, Alt K, Rahim MA, Kent SJ, Davis TP, Kempe K. Stealth nanorods via the aqueous living crystallisation-driven self-assembly of poly(2-oxazoline)s. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7350-7360. [PMID: 34163824 PMCID: PMC8171341 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of nanomaterials critically influences their biological interactions. However, there is currently a lack of robust methods for preparing non-spherical particles from biocompatible materials. Here, we combine 'living' crystallisation-driven self-assembly (CDSA), a seeded growth method that enables the preparation of rod-like polymer nanoparticles, with poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx), a polymer class that exhibits 'stealth' behaviour and excellent biocompatibility. For the first time, the 'living' CDSA process was carried out in pure water, resulting in POx nanorods with lengths ranging from ∼60 to 635 nm. In vitro and in vivo study revealed low immune cell association and encouraging blood circulation times, but little difference in the behaviour of POx nanorods of different length. The stealth behaviour observed highlights the promising potential of POx nanorods as a next generation stealth drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Finnegan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- NanoTheranostics Laboratory, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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11
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Zahoranová A, Luxenhofer R. Poly(2-oxazoline)- and Poly(2-oxazine)-Based Self-Assemblies, Polyplexes, and Drug Nanoformulations-An Update. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001382. [PMID: 33448122 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For many decades, poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s, two closely related families of polymers, have led the life of a rather obscure research topic with only a few research groups world-wide working with them. This has changed in the last five to ten years, presumably triggered significantly by very promising clinical trials of the first poly(2-oxazoline)-based drug conjugate. The huge chemical and structural toolbox poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s has been extended very significantly in the last few years, but their potential still remains largely untapped. Here, specifically, the developments in macromolecular self-assemblies and non-covalent drug delivery systems such as polyplexes and drug nanoformulations based on poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s are reviewed. This highly dynamic field benefits particularly from the extensive synthetic toolbox poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s offer and also may have the largest potential for a further development. It is expected that the research dynamics will remain high in the next few years, particularly as more about the safety and therapeutic potential of poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s is learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zahoranová
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/163MC Vienna 1060 Austria
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Röntgenring 11 Würzburg 97070 Germany
- Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Chemistry Helsinki University Helsinki 00014 Finland
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Alternative to Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) with a Reduced Ability to Crystallize and Physiological LCST. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042221. [PMID: 33672348 PMCID: PMC7926427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we sought to examine whether the presence of alkyl substituents randomly distributed within the main chain of a 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline-based copolymer will decrease its ability to crystallize when compared to its homopolymer. At the same time, we aimed to ensure an appropriate hydrophilic/lipophilic balance in the copolymer and maintain the phase transition in the vicinity of the human body temperature. For this reason, copolymers of 2-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline and 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline were synthesized. The thermoresponsive behavior of the copolymers in water, the influence of salt on the cloud point, the presence of hysteresis of the phase transition and the crystallization ability in a water solution under long-term heating conditions were studied by turbidimetry. The ability of the copolymers to crystallize in the solid state, and their thermal properties, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry. A cytotoxicity assay was used to estimate the viability of human fibroblasts in the presence of the obtained polymers. The results allowed us to demonstrate a nontoxic alternative to poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) with a physiological phase transition temperature (LCST) and a greatly reduced tendency to crystallize. The synthesis of 2-oxazoline polymers with such well-defined properties is important for future biomedical applications.
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MacFarlane L, Zhao C, Cai J, Qiu H, Manners I. Emerging applications for living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4661-4682. [PMID: 34163727 PMCID: PMC8179577 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crystallization as a tool to control the self-assembly of polymeric and molecular amphiphiles in solution is attracting growing attention for the creation of non-spherical nanoparticles and more complex, hierarchical assemblies. In particular, the seeded growth method termed living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) has been established as an ambient temperature and potentially scalable platform for the preparation of low dispersity samples of core-shell fiber-like or platelet micellar nanoparticles. Significantly, this method permits predictable control of size, and access to branched and segmented structures where functionality is spatially-defined. Living CDSA operates under kinetic control and shows many analogies with living chain-growth polymerizations of molecular organic monomers that afford well-defined covalent polymers of controlled length except that it covers a much longer length scale (ca. 20 nm to 10 μm). The method has been applied to a rapidly expanding range of crystallizable polymeric amphiphiles, which includes block copolymers and charge-capped homopolymers, to form assemblies with crystalline cores and solvated coronas. Living CDSA seeded growth methods have also been transposed to a wide variety of π-stacking and hydrogen-bonding molecular species that form supramolecular polymers in processes termed "living supramolecular polymerizations". In this article we outline the main features of the living CDSA method and then survey the promising emerging applications for the resulting nanoparticles in fields such as nanomedicine, colloid stabilization, catalysis, optoelectronics, information storage, and surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Jiandong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
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Nishimura T, Sumi N, Mukai SA, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Supramacromolecular injectable hydrogels by crystallization-driven self-assembly of carbohydrate-conjugated poly(2-isopropyloxazoline)s for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6362-6369. [PMID: 31642846 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An approach for the preparation of self-healing and injectable hydrogels based on the crystallization-driven self-assembly of carbohydrate-conjugated poly(2-isopropyloxazoline)s is reported. Hydrogelation does not require any organic solvents, as the polymers dissolve in water below their lower critical solution temperatures. The transplanted hydrogels cause no significant foreign-body response. Considering the simplicity of the method and the biocompatibility of the resulting injectable hydrogels, crystallization-driven hydrogelation of poly(oxazoline)-based polymers may potentially be used in a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sumi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Sada-Atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Konefał R, Černoch P, Konefał M, Spěváček J. Temperature Behavior of Aqueous Solutions of Poly(2-oxazoline) Homopolymer and Block Copolymers Investigated by NMR Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1879. [PMID: 32825475 PMCID: PMC7565327 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1H NMR methods in combination with dynamic light scattering were applied to study temperature behavior of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) homopolymer as well as PIPOx-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx)-b-PMeOx diblock copolymers in aqueous solutions. 1H NMR spectra showed a different way of phase transition for the main and side chains in PIPOx-based solutions. Additionally, the phase transition is irreversible for PIPOx homopolymer and partially reversible for PIPOx-b-PMeOx copolymer. As revealed by NMR, the phase transition in PEtOx-based copolymers solutions exists despite the absence of solution turbidity. It is very broad, virtually independent of the copolymer composition and reversible with some hysteresis. Two types of water molecules were detected in solutions of the diblock copolymers above the phase transition-"free" with long and "bound" with short spin-spin relaxation times T2. NOESY spectra revealed information about conformational changes observed already in the pre-transition region of PIPOx-b-PMeOx copolymer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.Č.); (M.K.)
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Akar I, Keogh R, Blackman LD, Foster JC, Mathers RT, O’Reilly RK. Grafting Density Governs the Thermoresponsive Behavior of P(OEGMA- co-RMA) Statistical Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1149-1154. [PMID: 32850193 PMCID: PMC7441494 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive copolymers that exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) have been exploited to prepare stimuli-responsive materials for a broad range of applications. It is well understood that the LCST of such copolymers can be controlled by tuning molecular weight or through copolymerization of two known thermoresponsive monomers. However, no general methodology has been established to relate polymer properties to their temperature response in solution. Herein, we sought to develop a predictive relationship between polymer hydrophobicity and cloud point temperature (T CP). A series of statistical copolymers were synthesized based on hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and hydrophobic alkyl methacrylate monomers and their hydrophobicity was compared using surface area-normalized partition coefficients (log P oct/SA). However, while some insight was gained by comparing T CP and hydrophobicity values, further statistical analysis on both experimental and literature data showed that the molar percentage of comonomer (i.e., grafting density) was the strongest influencer of T CP, regardless of the comonomer used. The lack of dependence of T CP on comonomer chemistry implies that a broad range of functional, thermoresponsive materials can be prepared based on OEGMA by simply tuning grafting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Akar
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Keogh
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis D. Blackman
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Wang Z, Lin M, Bonduelle C, Li R, Shi Z, Zhu C, Lecommandoux S, Li Z, Sun J. Thermoinduced Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Bioinspired Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3411-3419. [PMID: 32786675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Delicate control over architectures via crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) in aqueous solution, particularly combined with external stimuli, is rare and challenging. Here, we report a stepwise CDSA process thermally initiated from amphiphilic poly(N-allylglycine)-b-poly(N-octylglycine) (PNAG-b-PNOG) conjugated with thiol-terminated triethylene glycol monomethyl ethers ((PNAG-g-EG3)-b-PNOG) in aqueous solution. The diblock copolymers show a reversible thermoresponsive behavior with nearly identical cloud points in both heating and cooling runs. In contrast, the morphology transition of the assemblies is irreversible upon a heating-cooling cycle because of the presence of a confined domain arising from crystalline PNOG, which allows for the achievement of different nanostructured assemblies by the same polymer. We demonstrated that the thermoresponsive property of PNAG-g-EG3 initiates assembly kinetically that is subsequently promoted by crystallization of PNOG thermodynamically. The irreversible morphology transition behavior provides a convenient platform for comparing the cellular uptake efficiency of nanostructured assemblies with various morphologies that are otherwise similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Min Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Rongye Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhekun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Zhibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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18
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A, Utrata-Wesołek A, Dworak A, Wałach W. Selective Partial Hydrolysis of 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline Copolymers towards Decreasing the Ability to Crystallize. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3403. [PMID: 32752250 PMCID: PMC7435452 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) is readily prone to crystallization both in solid and from solutions. This feature is detrimental for certain applications. Here, we examine whether the presence of unsubstituted ethyleneimine (EI) units, a gradient distributed within a polymer chain composed of 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline (iPrOx) and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MOx) units, decreases the ability to crystallize the copolymer and affects thermal properties compared to the homopolymer of iPrOx. We assumed that the separation of stiff iPrOx units by the more flexible EI will affect the spatial arrangements of the ordered chains, slightly plasticize and, as a result, decrease their ability to crystallize. The selective hydrolysis of gradient iPrOx and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MOx) copolymers, carried out under mild conditions, led to iPrOx/MOx/EI copolymers. To the best of our knowledge, the selective hydrolysis of these copolymers has never been carried out before. Their thermal properties and crystallization abilities, both in a solid state and from an aqueous solution, were analyzed. Based on the analysis of polymer charge and cytotoxicity studies, the potential use of the copolymers obtained was indicated in some biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Oleszko-Torbus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.M.); (A.K.); (A.U.-W.); (A.D.); (W.W.)
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19
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Jana S, Uchman M. Poly(2-oxazoline)-based stimulus-responsive (Co)polymers: An overview of their design, solution properties, surface-chemistries and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Nabiyan A, Biehl P, Schacher FH. Crystallization vs Metal Chelation: Solution Self-Assembly of Dual Responsive Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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21
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Wei P, Czaplewska JA, Wang L, Schubert S, Brendel JC, Schubert US. Straightforward Access to Glycosylated, Acid Sensitive Nanogels by Host-Guest Interactions with Sugar-Modified Pillar[5]arenes. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:540-545. [PMID: 35648509 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of specific targeting units to polymer nanogels usually requires tedious chemical modifications, which limits flexibility in the design of combinatorial approaches. Here, we present a straightforward and versatile method to reversibly introduce various carbohydrate-based targeting units to a pH-sensitive nanogel via host-guest interactions. Glucose-, mannose-, or fructose-modified pillar[5]arenes can adaptably and conveniently be introduced to the surface of the nanogel. Binding studies between these nanogels and the lectin Concanavalin A revealed a high selectivity and strong interaction with only the mannose-modified nanogels. With the addition of other pillar[5]arenes, the interaction can be influenced proving a dynamic exchange of the targeting units. In comparison with common covalent modifications of polymer nanostructures, the presented combination of straightforward precipitation polymerization and supramolecular interactions promises convenient access to adaptable nanostructures for high-throughput screening of targeted delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Justyna A. Czaplewska
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Limin Wang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C. Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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22
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Utrata-Wesołek A, Bochenek M, Lipowska-Kur D, Dworak A, Wałach W. Thermal and crystalline properties of poly(2-oxazoline)s. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The review gathers together data concerning the influence of poly(2-substituted-2-oxazoline)s structure on their thermal and crystalline properties, and how this relationship can be adjusted in controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelina Bochenek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Daria Lipowska-Kur
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
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23
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Ying WB, Bae K, Ko NY, Kim SH, Ryu SG, Zhu J, Zhang R, Lee B, Lee KJ. Synthesis of poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline] with abundant carboxylic acid functional groups as a fiber-based sol–gel reaction supporter for catalytic applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Pooch F, Sliepen M, Knudsen KD, Nyström B, Tenhu H, Winnik FM. Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)- b-poly(lactide) (PiPOx- b-PLA) Nanoparticles in Water: Interblock van der Waals Attraction Opposes Amphiphilic Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2019; 52:1317-1326. [PMID: 31496543 PMCID: PMC6727592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(lactide) (PiPOx-b-PLA) diblock copolymers comprise two miscible blocks: the hydrophilic and thermosensitive PiPOx and the hydrophobic PLA, a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester. They self-assemble in water, forming stable dispersions of nanoparticles with hydrodynamic radii (R h) ranging from ∼18 to 60 nm, depending on their molar mass, the relative size of the two blocks, and the configuration of the lactide unit. Evidence from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy indicates that the nanoparticles do not adopt the typical core-shell morphology. Aqueous nanoparticle dispersions heated from 20 to 80 °C were monitored by turbidimetry and microcalorimetry. Nanoparticles of copolymers containing a poly(dl-lactide) block coagulated irreversibly upon heating to 50 °C, forming particles of various shapes (R h ∼ 200-500 nm). Dispersions of PiPOx-b-poly(l-lactide) coagulated to a lesser extent or remained stable upon heating. From the entire experimental evidence, we conclude that PiPOx-b-PLA nanoparticles consist of a core of PLA/PiPOx chains associated via dipole-dipole interactions of the PLA and PiPOx carbonyl groups. The core is surrounded by tethered PiPOx loops and tails responsible for the colloidal stability of the nanoparticles in water. While the core of all nanoparticles studied contains associated PiPOx and PLA blocks, fine details of the nanoparticles morphology vary predictably with the size and composition of the copolymers, yielding particles of distinctive thermosensitivity in aqueous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pooch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marjolein Sliepen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department
of Physics, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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25
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Oliver AM, Spontak RJ, Manners I. Solution self-assembly of ABC triblock terpolymers with a central crystallizable poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) core-forming segment. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01830h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and solution self-assembly behavior of a range of linear ABC triblock terpolymers with a central crystallizable poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) core-forming segment have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
- School of Chemistry
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
- School of Chemistry
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26
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Oliver AM, Gwyther J, Boott CE, Davis S, Pearce S, Manners I. Scalable Fiber-like Micelles and Block Co-micelles by Polymerization-Induced Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18104-18114. [PMID: 30452254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled 1D block copolymer nanoparticles (micelles) are of interest for a range of applications. However, morphologically pure samples are often challenging to access, and precise dimensional control is not possible. Moreover, the development of synthetic protocols that operate on a commercially viable scale has been a major challenge. Herein, we describe the preparation 1D fiber-like micelles with crystalline cores at high concentrations by a one-pot process termed polymerization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly (PI-CDSA). We also demonstrate the formation of uniform fibers by living PI-CDSA, a process in which block copolymer synthesis, self-assembly, and seeded growth are combined. We have demonstrated that the method is successful for block copolymers that possess the same composition as that of the seed (homoepitaxial growth) and also where the coronal chemistries differ to give segmented 1D fibers known as block co-micelles. We have also shown that heteroepitaxial growth allows the formation of scaled-up block co-micelles where the composition of both the core and corona was varied. These proof-of-concept experiments indicate that PI-CDSA is a promising, scalable route to a variety of polydisperse or uniform 1D nanoparticles based on block copolymers with different crystalline core chemistries and, therefore, functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Oliver
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia, V8W 3V6 , Canada
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Charlotte E Boott
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Sean Davis
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Samuel Pearce
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia, V8W 3V6 , Canada
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27
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Le Fer G, Wirotius AL, Brûlet A, Garanger E, Lecommandoux S. Self-Assembly of Stimuli-Responsive Biohybrid Synthetic-b-Recombinant Block Copolypeptides. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:254-272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Le Fer
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (UMR5629), Pessac, France
| | - Anne-Laure Wirotius
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (UMR5629), Pessac, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA−CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Garanger
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (UMR5629), Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (UMR5629), Pessac, France
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28
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Boott CE, Leitao EM, Hayward DW, Laine RF, Mahou P, Guerin G, Winnik MA, Richardson RM, Kaminski CF, Whittell GR, Manners I. Probing the Growth Kinetics for the Formation of Uniform 1D Block Copolymer Nanoparticles by Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8920-8933. [PMID: 30207454 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) is a seeded growth method for crystallizable block copolymers (BCPs) and related amphiphiles in solution and has recently emerged as a highly promising and versatile route to uniform core-shell nanoparticles (micelles) with control of dimensions and architecture. However, the factors that influence the rate of nanoparticle growth have not been systematically studied. Using transmission electron microscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques, we have investigated the kinetics of the seeded growth of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)- b-(polydimethylsiloxane) (PFS- b-PDMS), as a model living CDSA system for those employing, for example, crystallizable emissive and biocompatible polymers. By altering various self-assembly parameters including concentration, temperature, solvent, and BCP composition our results have established that the time taken to prepare fiber-like micelles via the living CDSA method can be reduced by decreasing temperature, by employing solvents that are poorer for the crystallizable PFS core-forming block, and by increasing the length of the PFS core-forming block. These results are of general importance for the future optimization of a wide variety of living CDSA systems. Our studies also demonstrate that the growth kinetics for living CDSA do not exhibit the first-order dependence of growth rate on unimer concentration anticipated by analogy with living covalent polymerizations of molecular monomers. This difference may be caused by the combined influence of chain conformational effects of the BCP on addition to the seed termini and chain length dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Boott
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland , 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Dominic W Hayward
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Romain F Laine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Gerald Guerin
- Chemistry Department , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Chemistry Department , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Robert M Richardson
- School of Physics , University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TL , U.K
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
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29
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Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Ryan AJ, Armes SP. Thermoreversible crystallization-driven aggregation of diblock copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4071-4082. [PMID: 29780536 PMCID: PMC5944243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(behenyl methacrylate)37 (PBeMA37) macromolecular chain transfer agent is utilized for the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) directly in mineral oil at 90 °C. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) occurs under these conditions, yielding a series of sterically-stabilized PBeMA37-PBzMA x diblock copolymer spheres of tunable diameter as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Rheological studies indicate that a relatively transparent, free-flowing, concentrated dispersion of non-interacting 32 nm PBeMA37-PBzMA100 spheres at 50 °C forms a turbid, paste-like dispersion on cooling to 20 °C. Turbidimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies conducted on solutions of PBeMA37 homopolymer in mineral oil suggest that this switchable colloidal stability is linked to crystallization-induced phase separation exhibited by this stabilizer block. Indeed, variable-temperature small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that a loose mass fractal network of strongly interacting spheres is formed on cooling to 20 °C, which accounts for this thermoreversible sol-gel transition. Moreover, SAXS, DSC and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analyses indicate that the behenyl (C22H45) side-chains first form crystalline domains comprising adjacent stabilizer chains within individual spherical nanoparticles, with subsequent crystallization between neighboring nanoparticles leading to the formation of the mass fractal aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Anthony J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
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30
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Brendel JC, Schacher FH. Block Copolymer Self-Assembly in Solution-Quo Vadis? Chem Asian J 2018; 13:230-239. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. Brendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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31
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Oliver AM, Gwyther J, Winnik MA, Manners I. Cylindrical Micelles with “Patchy” Coronas from the Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of ABC Triblock Terpolymers with a Crystallizable Central Polyferrocenyldimethylsilane Segment. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Oliver
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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32
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Arno M, Inam M, Coe Z, Cambridge G, Macdougall LJ, Keogh R, Dove AP, O’Reilly RK. Precision Epitaxy for Aqueous 1D and 2D Poly(ε-caprolactone) Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16980-16985. [PMID: 29078700 PMCID: PMC5789388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of monodisperse nanostructures of highly controlled size and morphology with spatially distinct functional regions is a current area of high interest in materials science. Achieving this control directly in a biologically relevant solvent, without affecting cell viability, opens the door to a wide range of biomedical applications, yet this remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the preparation of biocompatible and biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) 1D (cylindrical) and 2D (platelet) micelles in water and alcoholic solvents via crystallization-driven self-assembly. Using epitaxial growth in an alcoholic solvent, we show exquisite control over the dimensions and dispersity of these nanostructures, allowing access to uniform morphologies and predictable dimensions based on the unimer-to-seed ratio. Furthermore, for the first time, we report epitaxial growth in aqueous solvent, achieving precise control over 1D nanostructures in water, an essential feature for any relevant biological application. Exploiting this further, a strong, biocompatible and fluorescent hydrogel was obtained as a result of living epitaxial growth in aqueous solvent and cell culture medium. MC3T3 and A549 cells were successfully encapsulated, demonstrating high viability (>95% after 4 days) in these novel hydrogel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary Coe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Cambridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Macdougall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Keogh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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33
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Tritschler U, Pearce S, Gwyther J, Whittell GR, Manners I. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Functional Nanoparticles from the Solution Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Tritschler
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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35
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Chen W, Su L, Zhang P, Li C, Zhang D, Wu W, Jiang X. Thermo and pH dual-responsive drug-linked pseudo-polypeptide micelles with a comb-shaped polymer as a micellar exterior. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The thermo and pH dual-responsive drug-linked pseudo-polypeptide micelles were prepared by a self-assembly strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Chen
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Liling Su
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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36
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Ying WB, Kim S, Lee MW, Go NY, Jung H, Ryu SG, Lee B, Lee KJ. Toward a detoxification fabric against nerve gas agents: guanidine-functionalized poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline]/Nylon-6,6 nanofibers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel guanidine-functionalized polymer, poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline] (PBuOxz), has been co-electrospun with Nylon-6,6 to form fibers that could be used for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Bin Ying
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305–764
- Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305–764
- Korea
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305–764
- Korea
| | - Na Yeong Go
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305–764
- Korea
| | | | - Sam Gon Ryu
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD)
- Daejeon
- Korea
| | - Bumjae Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305–764
- Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305–764
- Korea
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37
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Sun S, Wu P. From globules to crystals: a spectral study of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) crystallization in hot water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:32232-40. [PMID: 26580840 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One easy strategy to comprehend the complex folding/crystallization behaviors of proteins is to study the self-assembly process of their synthetic polymeric analogues with similar properties owing to their simple structures and easy access to molecular design. Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOZ) is often regarded as an ideal pseudopeptide with similar two-step crystallization behavior to proteins, whose aqueous solution experiences successive lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type liquid-liquid phase separation upon heating and irreversible crystallization when annealed above LCST for several hours. In this paper, by microscopic observations, IR and Raman spectroscopy in combination with 2D correlation analysis, we show that the second step of PIPOZ crystallization in hot water can be further divided into two apparent stages, i.e., nucleation and crystal growth, and perfect crystalline PIPOZ chains are found to only develop in the second stage. While all the groups exhibit changes in initial nucleation, only methylene groups on the backbone participate in the crystal growth stage. During nucleation, a group motion transfer is found from the side chain to the backbone, and nucleation is assumed to be mainly driven by the cleavage of bridging C=O···D-O-D···O=C hydrogen bonds followed by chain arrangement due to amide dipolar orientation. Nevertheless, during crystal growth, a further chain ordering process occurs resulting in the final formation of crystalline PIPOZ chains with partial trans conformation of backbones and alternative side chains on the two sides. The underlying crystallization mechanism of PIPOZ in hot water we present here may provide very useful information for understanding the crystallization of biomacromolecules in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Ganda S, Jiang Y, Thomas DS, Eliezar J, Stenzel MH. Biodegradable Glycopolymeric Micelles Obtained by RAFT-controlled Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ganda
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Donald S. Thomas
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jeaniffer Eliezar
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
Design, School of Chemistry, ‡NMR Facility, Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Sun S, Wu P. Conformational changes in the heat-induced crystallization of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:31084-92. [PMID: 26535781 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOZ) with an isomeric structure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) represents an important class of stimuli-responsive synthetic polymers. Unlike PNIPAM, PIPOZ exhibits an unusual heat-induced crystallization behaviour at around 120 °C in the solid state, whose dynamic mechanism involving all group motions and conformational changes is still poorly understood. In this paper, IR spectroscopy in combination with two-dimensional analysis methods - the perturbation correlation moving window (PCMW) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) - was used to monitor and study the conformational changes in the crystallization of PIPOZ in the solid state. The incorporated water molecules are found to be not necessary to assist the solid-state crystallization of the PIPOZ film. PCMW and 2DCOS analyses reveal that following the breaking of minor CH3O[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonds, all the group moieties exhibit highly synergetic motions during crystallization, and methylene groups on the backbone do not show significant changes throughout the crystallization process. Raman spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation results further support this conclusion. The chain alignment of PIPOZ chains is shown to be mainly achieved by the lateral distortion of coplanar side chains or the ordered chain arrangement of amide dipoles together with the torsion of the backbone through C-N linkages. Upon heating, gauche conformations of methylene groups on the backbone are always dominating, resulting in an ordered PIPOZ chain with alternate side chains and a slightly distorted backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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40
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Secker C, Völkel A, Tiersch B, Koetz J, Schlaad H. Thermo-Induced Aggregation and Crystallization of Block Copolypeptoids in Water. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Secker
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Völkel
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brigitte Tiersch
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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