1
|
Jun M, Lee YL, Zhou T, Maric M, Burke B, Park S, Low BC, Chiam KH. Subcellular Force Imbalance in Actin Bundles Induces Nuclear Repositioning and Durotaxis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43387-43402. [PMID: 37674326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Durotaxis is a phenomenon in which cells migrate toward substrates of increasing stiffness. However, how cells assimilate substrate stiffness as a directional cue remains poorly understood. In this study, we experimentally show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts can discriminate between different substrate stiffnesses and develop higher traction forces at regions of the cell adhering to the stiffer pillars. In this way, the cells generate a force imbalance between adhesion sites. It is this traction force imbalance that drives durotaxis by providing directionality for cell migration. Significantly, we found that traction forces are transmitted via LINC complexes to the cell nucleus, which serves to maintain the global force imbalance. In this way, LINC complexes play an essential role in anterograde nuclear movement and durotaxis. This conclusion is supported by the fact that LINC complex-deficient cells are incapable of durotaxis and instead migrate randomly on substrates featuring a stiffness gradient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjun Jun
- Bioinformatics institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yin Loon Lee
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Tianxun Zhou
- Bioinformatics institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Martina Maric
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- A*STAR Skin Research Laboratories, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- NUS college, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- Bioinformatics institute, A*STAR, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McNaughton R, Huo Y, Li G, Ioschpe ADV, Yan L, Man HY, Zhang X. Regulatory Effects of Gradient Microtopographies on Synapse Formation and Neurite Growth in Hippocampal Neurons. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2022; 32:075005. [PMID: 35814808 PMCID: PMC9262107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/ac73d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among approaches aiming toward functional nervous system restoration, those implementing microfabrication techniques allow the manufacture of platforms with distinct geometry where neurons can develop and be guided to form patterned connections in vitro. The interplay between neuronal development and the microenvironment, shaped by the physical limitations, remains largely unknown. Therefore, it is crucial to have an efficient way to quantify neuronal morphological changes induced by physical or contact guidance of the microenvironment. In this study, we first devise and assess a method to prepare anisotropic, gradient poly(dimethylsiloxane) micro-ridge/groove arrays featuring variable local pattern width. We then demonstrate the ability of this single substrate to simultaneously profile the morphologcial and synaptic connectivity changes of primary cultured hippocampal neurons reacting to variable physical conditons, throughout neurodevelopment, in vitro. The gradient microtopography enhanced adhesion within microgrooves, increasing soma density with decreasing pattern width. Decreasing pattern width also reduced dendritic arborization and increased preferential axon growth. Finally, decreasing pattern geometry inhibited presynaptic puncta architecture. Collectively, a method to examine structural development and connectivity in response to physical stimuli is established, and potentially provides insight into microfabricated geometries which promote neural regeneration and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McNaughton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuda Huo
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guicai Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lei Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen AK, Kilian KA. Physicochemical Tools for Visualizing and Quantifying Cell-Generated Forces. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1731-1746. [PMID: 32530602 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To discern how mechanical forces coordinate biological outcomes, methods that map cell-generated forces in a spatiotemporal manner, and at cellular length scales, are critical. In their native environment, whether it be within compact multicellular three-dimensional structures or sparsely populated fibrillar networks of the extracellular matrix, cells are constantly exposed to a slew of physical forces acting on them from all directions. At the same time, cells exert highly localized forces of their own on their surroundings and on neighboring cells. Together, the generation and transmission of these forces can control diverse cellular activities and behavior as well as influence cell fate decisions. To thoroughly understand these processes, we must first be able to characterize and measure such forces. However, our experimental needs and technical capabilities are in discord-while it is apparent that we should study cell-generated forces within more biologically relevant 3D environments, this goal remains challenging because of caveats associated with complex "sensing-transduction-readout" modalities. In this Review, we will discuss the latest techniques for measuring cell-generated forces. We will highlight recent advances in traction force microscopy and examine new alternative approaches for quantifying cell-generated forces, both of individual cells and within 3D tissues. Finally, we will explore the future direction of novel cellular force-sensing tools in the context of mechanobiology and next-generation biomaterials design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Physical stimuli are essential for the function of eukaryotic cells, and changes in physical signals are important elements in normal tissue development as well as in disease initiation and progression. The complexity of physical stimuli and the cellular signals they initiate are as complex as those triggered by chemical signals. One of the most important, and the focus of this review, is the effect of substrate mechanical properties on cell structure and function. The past decade has produced a nearly exponentially increasing number of mechanobiological studies to define how substrate stiffness alters cell biology using both purified systems and intact tissues. Here we attempt to identify common features of mechanosensing in different systems while also highlighting the numerous informative exceptions to what in early studies appeared to be simple rules by which cells respond to mechanical stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Doolin MT, Stroka KM. Integration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into a Novel Micropillar Confinement Assay. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:662-676. [PMID: 31347455 PMCID: PMC6998058 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues such as stiffness have been shown to influence cell gene expression, protein expression, and cell behaviors critical for tissue engineering. The mechanical cue of confinement is also a pervasive parameter affecting cells in vivo and in tissue-engineered constructs. Despite its prevalence, the mechanical cue of confinement lacks assays that provide precise control over the degree of confinement induced on cells, yield a large sample size, enable long-term culture, and enable easy visualization of cells over time. In this study, we developed a process to systematically confine cells using micropillar arrays. Using photolithography and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding, we created PDMS arrays of micropillars that were 5, 10, 20, or 50 μm in spacing and between 13 and 17 μm in height. The tops of micropillars were coated with Pluronic F127 to inhibit cell adhesion, and we observed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) robustly infiltrated into the micropillar arrays. MSC and nucleus morphology were altered by narrowing the micropillar spacing, and cytoskeletal elements within MSCs appeared to become more diffuse with increasing confinement. Specifically, MSCs exhibited a ring of actin around their periphery and punctate focal adhesions. MSC migration speed was reduced by narrowing micropillar spacing, and distinct migration behaviors of MSCs emerged in the presence of micropillars. MSCs continued to proliferate within micropillar arrays after 3 weeks in culture, displaying our assay's capability for long-term studies. Our assay also has the capacity to provide adequate cell numbers for quantitative assays to investigate the effect of confinement on gene and protein expression. Through deeper understanding of cell mechanotransduction in the context of confinement, we can modify tissue-engineered constructs to be optimal for a given purpose. Impact Statement In this study, we developed a novel process to systematically confine cells using micropillar arrays. Our assay provides insight into cell behavior in response to mechanical confinement. Through deeper understanding of how cells sense and respond to confinement, we can fine tune tissue-engineered constructs to be optimal for a given purpose. By combining confinement with other physical cues, we can harness mechanical properties to encourage or inhibit cell migration, direct cells down a particular lineage, induce cell secretion of specific cytokines or extracellular vesicles, and ultimately direct cells to behave in a way conducive to tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary T. Doolin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Shi J, Wei J, Tu X, Chen Y. Fabrication of elastomer pillar arrays with elasticity gradient for cell migration, elongation and patterning. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045003. [PMID: 31091518 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab21b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The elasticity of the cell and that of the supporting extracellular matrices (ECMs) in tissue are correlated. In some cases, the modulus of the ECM varies with a high spatial gradient. To study the effect of such a modulus gradient on the cell culture behavior, we proposed a novel yet straightforward method to fabricate elastomeric micropillar substrates with different height gradients, which could provide a large range of elasticity gradient from 2.4 kPa to 60 kPa. The micropillars were integrated into a microfluidic chip to demonstrate the elasticity variation, with the theoretical results proving that the elasticity of the two micropillar substrates was in the same range but with distinguished gradient strengths. Fibroblast seeded on the micropillar substrates showed migration toward the stiffer area but their elongation highly depended on the strength of the elasticity gradient. In the case of high gradient strength, cells could easily migrate to the stiffer area and then elongated perpendicularly to their migration direction. Otherwise, cells were mostly elongated in the direction of the gradient. Our results also showed that when the cell density was sufficiently high, cells tended to be oriented in the same direction locally, which was affected by both underneath pillars and cell-cell contact. The elasticity gradients could also be generated in a ripple shape, and the cell behavior showed the feasibility of using the micropillars for cell patterning applications. Moreover, the gradient pillar substrates were further used for the aggregate formation of induced pluripotent stem cells, thus providing an alternative substrate to study the effect of substrate elasticity on stem cell behavior and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
DuChez BJ, Doyle AD, Dimitriadis EK, Yamada KM. Durotaxis by Human Cancer Cells. Biophys J 2019; 116:670-683. [PMID: 30709621 PMCID: PMC6382956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Durotaxis is a type of directed cell migration in which cells respond to a gradient of extracellular stiffness. Using automated tracking of positional data for large sample sizes of single migrating cells, we investigated 1) whether cancer cells can undergo durotaxis; 2) whether cell durotactic efficiency varies depending on the regional compliance of stiffness gradients; 3) whether a specific cell migration parameter such as speed or time of migration correlates with durotaxis; and 4) whether Arp2/3, previously implicated in leading edge dynamics and migration, contributes to cancer cell durotaxis. Although durotaxis has been characterized primarily in nonmalignant mesenchymal cells, little is known about its role in cancer cell migration. Diffusible factors are known to affect cancer cell migration and metastasis. However, because many tumor microenvironments gradually stiffen, we hypothesized that durotaxis might also govern migration of cancer cells. We evaluated the durotactic potential of multiple cancer cell lines by employing substrate stiffness gradients mirroring the physiological stiffness encountered by cells in a variety of tissues. Automated cell tracking permitted rapid acquisition of positional data and robust statistical analyses for migrating cells. These durotaxis assays demonstrated that all cancer cell lines tested (two glioblastoma, metastatic breast cancer, and fibrosarcoma) migrated directionally in response to changes in extracellular stiffness. Unexpectedly, all cancer cell lines tested, as well as noninvasive human fibroblasts, displayed the strongest durotactic migratory response when migrating on the softest regions of stiffness gradients (2-7 kPa), with decreased responsiveness on stiff regions of gradients. Focusing on glioblastoma cells, durotactic forward migration index and displacement rates were relatively stable over time. Correlation analyses showed the expected correlation with displacement along the gradient but much less with persistence and none with cell speed. Finally, we found that inhibition of Arp2/3, an actin-nucleating protein necessary for lamellipodial protrusion, impaired durotactic migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J DuChez
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emilios K Dimitriadis
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim D, Kim SM, Lee S, Yoon MH. Investigation of neuronal pathfinding and construction of artificial neuronal networks on 3D-arranged porous fibrillar scaffolds with controlled geometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7716. [PMID: 28798490 PMCID: PMC5552865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the neurite pathfinding on electrospun microfibers with various fiber densities, diameters, and microbead islands, and demonstrated the development of 3D connected artificial neuronal network within a nanofiber-microbead-based porous scaffold. The primary culture of rat hippocampal embryonic neurons was deposited on geometry-controlled polystyrene (PS) fiber scaffolds while growth cone morphology, neurite outgrowth patterns, and focal adhesion protein expression were cautiously examined by microscopic imaging of immunostained and live neuronal cells derived from actin-GFP transgenic mice. It was demonstrated that the neurite outgrowth was guided by the overall microfiber orientation, but the increase in fiber density induced the neurite path alteration, thus, the reduction in neurite linearity. Indeed, we experimentally confirmed that growth cone could migrate to a neighboring, but, spatially disconnected microfiber by spontaneous filopodium extrusion, which is possibly responsible for the observed neurite steering. Furthermore, thinner microfiber scaffolds showed more pronounced expression of focal adhesion proteins than thicker ones, suggesting that the neuron-microfiber interaction can be delicately modulated by the underlying microfiber geometry. Finally, 3D connected functional neuronal networks were successfully constructed using PS nanofiber-microbead scaffolds where enhanced porosity and vertical fiber orientation permitted cell body inclusion within the scaffold and substantial neurite outgrowth in a vertical direction, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeong Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Burgstaller G, Oehrle B, Gerckens M, White ES, Schiller HB, Eickelberg O. The instructive extracellular matrix of the lung: basic composition and alterations in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/1/1601805. [PMID: 28679607 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01805-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the tissue architecture of the lung, and provides mechanical stability and elastic recoil, which are essential for physiological lung function. Biochemical and biomechanical signals initiated by the ECM direct cellular function and differentiation, and thus play a decisive role in lung development, tissue remodelling processes and maintenance of adult homeostasis. Recent proteomic studies have demonstrated that at least 150 different ECM proteins, glycosaminoglycans and modifying enzymes are expressed in the lung, and these assemble into intricate composite biomaterials. These highly insoluble assemblies of interacting ECM proteins and their glycan modifications can act as a solid phase-binding interface for hundreds of secreted proteins, which creates an information-rich signalling template for cell function and differentiation. Dynamic changes within the ECM that occur upon injury or with ageing are associated with several chronic lung diseases. In this review, we summarise the available data about the structure and function of the pulmonary ECM, and highlight changes that occur in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. We discuss potential mechanisms of ECM remodelling and modification, which we believe are relevant for future diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Oehrle
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Gerckens
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Respiratory Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
D'Angelo L, Myer NM, Myers KA. MCAK-mediated regulation of endothelial cell microtubule dynamics is mechanosensitive to myosin-II contractility. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1223-1237. [PMID: 28298485 PMCID: PMC5415018 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study indicates that MCAK contributes to the mechanosensing-mediated regulation of MT dynamics through a myosin-II–dependent mechanism that becomes uncoupled in response to 3D ECM engagement specifically within EC branches. Compliance and dimensionality mechanosensing, the processes by which cells sense the physical attributes of the extracellular matrix (ECM), are known to drive cell branching and shape change largely through a myosin-II–mediated reorganization of the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons. Subcellular regulation of MT dynamics is spatially controlled through a Rac1–Aurora-A kinase pathway that locally inhibits the MT depolymerizing activity of mitotic centromere–associated kinesin (MCAK), thereby promoting leading-edge MT growth and cell polarization. These results suggest that the regulation of MT growth dynamics is intimately linked to physical engagement of the cell with the ECM. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MCAK contributes to compliance and dimensionality mechanosensing-mediated regulation of MT growth dynamics through a myosin-II–dependent signaling pathway. We cultured endothelial cells (ECs) on collagen-coupled stiff or compliant polyacrylamide ECMs to examine the effects of MCAK expression on MT growth dynamics and EC branching morphology. Our results identify that MCAK promotes fast MT growth speeds in ECs cultured on compliant 2D ECMs but promotes slow MT growth speeds in ECs cultured on compliant 3D ECMs, and these effects are myosin-II dependent. Furthermore, we find that 3D ECM engagement uncouples MCAK-mediated regulation of MT growth persistence from myosin-II–mediated regulation of growth persistence specifically within EC branched protrusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D'Angelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nicole M Myer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rathod ML, Pareek N, Agrawal S, Jaddivada S, Lee DW, Gundiah N. Engineered ridge and micropillar array detectors to quantify the directional migration of fibroblasts. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts align and show persistent migration on ridge-pillar micropatterned substrates. Traction forces vary along the polarized cell length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh L. Rathod
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-744
- South Korea
| | - Nikhil Pareek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suchi Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Siddhartha Jaddivada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | | | - Namrata Gundiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vennin C, Herrmann D, Lucas MC, Timpson P. Intravital imaging reveals new ancillary mechanisms co-opted by cancer cells to drive tumor progression. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 27239290 PMCID: PMC4870995 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8090.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital imaging is providing new insights into the dynamics of tumor progression in native tissues and has started to reveal the layers of complexity found in cancer. Recent advances in intravital imaging have allowed us to look deeper into cancer behavior and to dissect the interactions between tumor cells and the ancillary host niche that promote cancer development. In this review, we provide an insight into the latest advances in cancer biology achieved by intravital imaging, focusing on recently discovered mechanisms by which tumor cells manipulate normal tissue to facilitate disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vennin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|