1
|
Chen W, Ge P, Deng M, Liu X, Lu Z, Yan Z, Chen M, Wang J. Toxicological responses of A549 and HCE-T cells exposed to fine particulate matter at the air-liquid interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27375-27387. [PMID: 38512571 PMCID: PMC11052810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can enter the human body in various ways and have adverse effects on human health. Human lungs and eyes are exposed to the air for a long time and are the first to be exposed to PM2.5. The "liquid immersion exposure method" has some limitations that prevent it from fully reflecting the toxic effects of particulate matter on the human body. In this study, the collected PM2.5 samples were chemically analyzed. An air-liquid interface (ALI) model with a high correlation to the in vivo environment was established based on human lung epithelial cells (A549) and immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T). The VITROCELL Cloud 12 system was used to distribute PM2.5 on the cells evenly. After exposure for 6 h and 24 h, cell viability, apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, expression of inflammatory factors, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage were measured. The results demonstrated significant dose- and time-dependent effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and DNA damage at the ALI, while the inflammatory factors showed dose-dependent effects only. It should be noted that even short exposure to low doses of PM2.5 can cause cell DNA double-strand breaks and increased expression of γ-H2AX, indicating significant genotoxicity of PM2.5. Increased abundance of ROS in cells plays a crucial role in the cytotoxicity induced by PM2.5 exposure These findings emphasize the significant cellular damage and genotoxicity that may result from short-term exposure to low levels of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wankang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Minjun Deng
- Ningxia Meteorological Service Center, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhansheng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aquino GV, Dabi A, Odom GJ, Lavado R, Nunn K, Thomas K, Schackmuth B, Shariff N, Jarajapu M, Pluto M, Miller SR, Eller L, Pressley J, Patel RR, Black J, Bruce ED. Evaluating the effect of acute diesel exhaust particle exposure on P-glycoprotein efflux transporter in the blood-brain barrier co-cultured with microglia. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 4:100107. [PMID: 37332622 PMCID: PMC10276163 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing public health concern, chronic Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP) exposure is a heavy risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's (AD). Considered the brain's first line of defense, the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and perivascular microglia work in tandem to protect the brain from circulating neurotoxic molecules like DEP. Importantly, there is a strong association between AD and BBB dysfunction, particularly in the Aβ transporter and multidrug resistant pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). However, the response of this efflux transporter is not well understood in the context of environmental exposures, such as to DEP. Moreover, microglia are seldom included in in vitro BBB models, despite their significance in neurovascular health and disease. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute (24 hr.) DEP exposure (2000 μg/ml) on P-gp expression and function, paracellular permeability, and inflammation profiles of the human in vitro BBB model (hCMEC/D3) with and without microglia (hMC3). Our results suggested that DEP exposure can decrease both the expression and function of P-gp in the BBB, and corroborated that DEP exposure impairs BBB integrity (i.e. increased permeability), a response that was significantly worsened by the influence of microglia in co-culture. Interestingly, DEP exposure seemed to produce atypical inflammation profiles and an unexpected general downregulation in inflammatory markers in both the monoculture and co-culture, which differentially expressed IL-1β and GM-CSF. Interestingly, the microglia in co-culture did not appear to influence the response of the BBB, save in the permeability assay, where it worsened the BBB's response. Overall, our study is important because it is the first (to our knowledge) to investigate the effect of acute DEP exposure on P-gp in the in vitro human BBB, while also investigating the influence of microglia on the BBB's responses to this environmental chemical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace V. Aquino
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Amjad Dabi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 120-Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Gabriel J. Odom
- Department of Biostatistics, Sempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 11200, SW 8th Street, AHC4-470, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Kaitlin Nunn
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Kathryn Thomas
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Bennett Schackmuth
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Nazeel Shariff
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Manogna Jarajapu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Morgan Pluto
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Sara R. Miller
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Leah Eller
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Justin Pressley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Rishi R. Patel
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Jeffrey Black
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Erica D. Bruce
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Liu F, Liang F, Yang Y, Lu X, Gu D. Air pollution exposure and vascular endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28525-28549. [PMID: 36702984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an early stage to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but whether air pollution exposure has an effect on it remains unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize epidemiological evidence between air pollution and endothelial dysfunction. We searched the database of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to November 10, 2022. Fixed and random effect models were used to pool the effect change or percent change (% change) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of vascular function associated with particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants. I2 statistics, funnel plot, and Egger's test were used to evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias. There were 34 articles included in systematic review, and 25 studies included in meta-analysis. For each 10 µg/m3 increment in short-term PM2.5 exposure, augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) increased by 2.73% (95% CI: 1.89%, 3.57%) and 0.56% (95% CI: 0.22%, 0.89%), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) decreased by 0.17% (95% CI: - 0.33%, - 0.00%). For each 10 µg/m3 increment in long-term PM2.5 exposure, FMD decreased by 0.99% (95% CI: - 1.41%, - 0.57%). The associations between remaining pollutants and outcomes were not statistically significant. The effect of short-term PM2.5 exposure on FMD change was stronger in population with younger age, lower female proportion, higher mean body mass index and higher PM2.5 exposure. Cardiac or vasoactive medication might attenuate this effect. Our study provides evidence that PM2.5 exposure had adverse impact on vascular endothelial function, indicating the importance of air quality improvement for early CVD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China.
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152656. [PMID: 35957086 PMCID: PMC9370264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pryor JT, Cowley LO, Simonds SE. The Physiological Effects of Air Pollution: Particulate Matter, Physiology and Disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:882569. [PMID: 35910891 PMCID: PMC9329703 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible for ~8 million annual deaths. Particulate matter is the most dangerous form of air pollution, causing inflammatory and oxidative tissue damage. A deeper understanding of the physiological effects of particulate matter is needed for effective disease prevention and treatment. This review will summarize the impact of particulate matter on physiological systems, and where possible will refer to apposite epidemiological and toxicological studies. By discussing a broad cross-section of available data, we hope this review appeals to a wide readership and provides some insight on the impacts of particulate matter on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Pryor
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Woodrudge LTD, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan O. Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie E. Simonds
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Stephanie E. Simonds
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Costa A, Pasquinelli G. Air Pollution Exposure Induces Vascular Injury and Hampers Endothelial Repair by Altering Progenitor and Stem Cells Functionality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:897831. [PMID: 35712669 PMCID: PMC9197257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.897831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates an association of air pollution exposure with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Fine particulate matter (PM) represents one of the main components of urban pollution, but the mechanisms by which it exerts adverse effects on cardiovascular system remain partially unknown and under investigation. The alteration of endothelial functions and inflammation are among the earliest pathophysiological impacts of environmental exposure on the cardiovascular system and represent critical mediators of PM-induced injury. In this context, endothelial stem/progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular homeostasis, endothelial reparative capacity, and vasomotor functionality modulation. Several studies indicate the impairment of EPCs' vascular reparative capacity due to PM exposure. Since a central source of EPCs is bone marrow (BM), their number and function could be related to the population and functional status of stem cells (SCs) of this district. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential mechanisms by which PM exposure hinders vascular repair by the alteration of progenitor and stem cells' functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Li S, Wu Y, Huang D, Pei C, Wang Y, Shi S, Wang F, Wang Z. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on TH1/TH2 polarization in individuals with high exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Trials 2022; 23:179. [PMID: 35209939 PMCID: PMC8867632 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 may cause immune system dysfunction and damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. PM2.5 may cause CD4 + T helper cells to polarize toward TH1 or TH2 cell types, which may be associated with the onset and progression of many human diseases. Recent studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids can regulate human immune function and reduce physiological damage caused by air pollution; however, only limited research has examined the therapeutic effects of omega-3 fatty acids on subjects with high exposure to PM2.5 in mass transit systems such as subways. Methods This study was designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blinded (to participants and researchers), placebo-controlled clinical trial. The research plan is to randomly select 120 eligible adults based on the difference in PM2.5 exposure in the Chengdu subway station. They should be aged 20–65 years old and work in the subway station more than or equal to 3 times a week, each time greater than or equal to 8 h, and had worked continuously in the subway station for more than 2 years. All participants will receive omega-3 fatty acids or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes will be changes in the TH1/TH2 cell polarization index and changes in serum cytokine concentrations. Secondary outcomes will be changes in early indicators of atherosclerosis, pulmonary function, COOP/WONCA charts, and scores on the Short-Form 36 Health Survey for quality of life. Results will be analyzed to evaluate differences in clinical efficacy between the two groups. A 6-month follow-up period will be used to assess the long-term value of omega-3 fatty acids for respiratory and cardiovascular disease endpoints. Discussion We will explore the characteristics of the TH1/TH2 cell polarization index in a population with high exposure to PM2.5. Omega-3 fatty acids and placebo will be compared in many ways to test the effect on people exposed to PM2.5 subway stations. This study is expected to provide reliable evidence to support the promotion of omega-3 fatty acids in clinical practice to protect individuals who are highly exposed to PM2.5. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000038065. Registered on September 9, 2020 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06091-5.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cano-Granda DV, Ramírez-Ramírez M, M. Gómez D, Hernandez JC. Effects of particulate matter on endothelial, epithelial and immune system cells. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) is an air pollutant that is classified according to its aerodynamic diameter into particles with a diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10), a diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and particles ultra-fine with a diameter less than 0.1 µm (PM0.1). PM10 is housed in the respiratory system, while PM2.5 and 0.1 can pass into the circulation to generate systemic alterations. Although several diseases associated with PM exposure, such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous system, have been documented to cause 4.2 million premature deaths per year worldwide. Few reviews address cellular and molecular mechanisms in the epithelial and endothelial cells of the tissues exposed to PM, which can cause these diseases, this being the objective of the present review. For this, a search was carried out in the NCBI and Google Scholar databases focused on scientific publications that addressed the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, adhesion molecules, and oxidative radicals, among others, and their relationship with the effects caused by the PM. The main findings include the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysfunction in the components of the immune response; the formation of reactive oxygen species; changes in epithelial and endothelial function, evidenced by altered expression of adhesion molecules; and the increase in molecules involved in coagulation. Complementary studies are required to understand the molecular effects of harmful health effects and the future approach to strategies to mitigate this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danna V. Cano-Granda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia 2 Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mariana Ramírez-Ramírez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia 2 Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana M. Gómez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao T, Qi W, Yang P, Yang L, Shi Y, Zhou L, Ye L. Mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM 2.5: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65033-65051. [PMID: 34617228 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) could affect the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the studies conducted in vitro investigations using different cell lines. In this review, we examined recently published reports cited by PubMed or Web of Science on the topic of cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM2.5 that carried the term in vitro. Here, we summarized the suggested mechanisms of PM2.5 leading to adverse effects and cardiovascular toxicity including oxidative stress; the increase of vascular endothelial permeability; the injury of vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity in vascular endothelial cell lines; macrophage polarization and apoptosis in macrophage cell lines; and hypermethylation and apoptosis in the AC16 cell line and the related signaling pathways, which provided a new research direction of cardiovascular toxicity of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jilin Provincial Institute of Public Health), Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu T, Zhu P, Liu Y, Zhu H, Geng J, Wang B, Yuan G, Peng Y, Xu B. PM2.5 induces endothelial dysfunction via activating NLRP3 inflammasome. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1886-1893. [PMID: 34173703 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter) is proven to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell dysfunction is the initial step of atherosclerosis. The underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell damage exposed to PM2.5 are still obscure. In our study, PM2.5 was administrated to C57BL/6 male mice by intranasal instillation for 2 weeks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also treated with PM2.5 to evaluate the adverse effect in vitro. The immunohistochemical staining of aortas showed that the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and endothelial adhesion markers were significantly increased in PM2.5-exposed mice than that in saline-exposed mice. In vitro, PM2.5 could inhibit HUVECs viability and impair cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, PM2.5 exposure downregulated eNOS expression while upregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mechanistically, PM2.5 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in HUVECs while knockdown of NLRP3 could effectively reverse the downregulation of eNOS expression and production of ROS after PM2.5 exposure. In summary, our data showed that PM2.5 could cause endothelial dysfunction, and probably via NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingjian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzhu Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Air Pollution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081234. [PMID: 34439482 PMCID: PMC8388875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have increased in the last decades and are expected to further grow in the coming years. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers free radical generation and causes increased oxidative stress, affecting a number of molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways, including the generation of advanced glycation end products, proinflammatory and procoagulant effects, induction of apoptosis, vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction of nitric oxide release, and activation of protein kinase C. Among type 2 diabetes determinants, many data have documented the adverse effects of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutants) through multiple exposure-induced mechanisms (e.g., systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercoagulability, and endothelial and immune responses). Therefore, here we discuss the role of air pollution in oxidative stress-related damage to glycemic metabolism homeostasis, with a particular focus on its impact on health. In this context, the improvement of new advanced tools (e.g., omic techniques and the study of epigenetic changes) may provide a substantial contribution, helping in the evaluation of the individual in his biological totality, and offer a comprehensive assessment of the molecular, clinical, environmental, and epidemiological aspects.
Collapse
|
12
|
Soca-Chafre G, Avila-Vásquez H, Rueda-Romero C, Huerta-García E, Márquez-Ramírez SG, Ramos-Godinez P, López-Marure R, Alfaro-Moreno E, Montiel-Dávalos A. Airborne particulate matter upregulates expression of early and late adhesion molecules and their receptors in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111242. [PMID: 33933488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence associates chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM) with respiratory damage and lung cancer. Inhaled PM may induce systemic effects including inflammation and metastasis. This study evaluated whether PM induces expression of adhesion molecules in lung cancer cells promoting interaction with monocytes. METHODS The expression of early and late adhesion molecules and their receptors was evaluated in A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells using a wide range of concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Then we evaluated cellular adhesion between A549 cells and U937 (human monocytes) cells after PM exposure. RESULTS We found higher expression of both early and late adhesion molecules and their ligands in lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to PM2.5 and PM10 particles present in the air pollution at Mexico City from 0.03 μg/cm2 with a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). PM10 had stronger effect than PM2.5. Both PM also stimulated cellular adhesion between tumor cells and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a comprehensive expression profile of adhesion molecules and their ligands upregulated by PM2.5 and PM10 in A549 cells. Additionally these particles induced cellular adhesion of lung cancer cells to monocytes. This highlights possible implications of PM in two cancer hallmarks i.e. inflammation and metastasis, underlying the high cancer mortality associated with air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Soca-Chafre
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Herminia Avila-Vásquez
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Cristhiam Rueda-Romero
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Huerta-García
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Autonomous Juárez University of Tabasco, Mexico.
| | | | - Pilar Ramos-Godinez
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Pathology, INCAN, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", CDMX, Mexico.
| | | | - Angélica Montiel-Dávalos
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xing Q, Wu M, Chen R, Liang G, Duan H, Li S, Wang Y, Wang L, An C, Qin G, Sang N. Comparative studies on regional variations in PM 2.5 in the induction of myocardial hypertrophy in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145179. [PMID: 33611177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been indicated to be related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in sensitive people. However, the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5-induced CVDs are poorly understood. In the present study, PM2.5 samples were collected during winter from four cities (Taiyuan, Beijing, Hangzhou, and Guangzhou) in China. Ten-month-old C57BL/6 female mice were exposed to PM2.5 suspension at a dosage of 3 mg·kg-1 (b. w.) every other day for 4 weeks by oropharyngeal aspiration. PM2.5 from Taiyuan increased the blood pressure and the thicknesses of the left ventricular anterior and posterior walls, decreased the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes and reduced the systolic function of the heart in mice. Further investigation revealed that PM2.5 from Taiyuan induced lung inflammatory cytokines with up-regulated expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The mRNA expression levels of myocardial hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide and the β isoform of myosin heavy chain (ANP and β-MHC), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the myocardium were significantly increased after exposure to PM2.5 of Taiyuan. Furthermore, PM2.5 from Taiyuan activated the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/β-MHC signaling pathway in the myocardium. The correlation between the PM2.5 components and myocardial hypertrophy markers suggested that Zinc (Zn) and acenaphthene (AC) are related to the changes in ANP and β-MHC at the transcriptional level, respectively. The above results indicated that PM2.5 exposure induced myocardial hypertrophy in older mice, which might be related to the critical contributions of Zn and AC in PM2.5. The present study provides new insights into the mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy after PM2.5 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qisong Xing
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China; School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, PR China
| | - Gang Liang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Huiling Duan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Shuyue Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key laboratory of Mineral Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring, Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Baoding, Hebei 071000, PR China
| | - Caixiu An
- Key laboratory of Mineral Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring, Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Baoding, Hebei 071000, PR China
| | - Guohua Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polydeoxyribonucleotide Attenuates Airway Inflammation Through A2AR Signaling Pathway in PM10-Exposed Mice. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S19-26. [PMID: 34053207 PMCID: PMC8171242 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142168.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inhalation of air containing high amounts of particular matter (PM) causes various respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. The changes of expression of inflammatory factors by polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) administration in the PM10-exposed trachea inflammation model were evaluated. Methods PM10 was administered to mouse trachea to induce acute inflammatory damage, and changes in inflammatory factors were observed after administration of PDRN and 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) for 3 days daily. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), protein kinase A (PKA), 3΄,5΄-cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot assay. Results PM-exposed trachea showed increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β expression, and expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was inhibited by PDRN treatment in PM-exposed mice. PM-exposed trachea showed increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B was inhibited by PDRN treatment in PM-exposed mice. PM-exposed trachea showed increased expression of A2AR, but PDRN treatment more enhanced A2AR expression in PM-exposed mice. PKA phosphorylation was not changed and CREP phosphorylation was decreased, however PDRN treatment increased phosphorylation of PKA and CREB in PM-exposed mice. DMPX treatment blocked all the effects of PDRN on PM-exposed mice, demonstrating that the action of PDRN occurs via A2AR. Conclusions PDRN treatment attenuated inflammation in the trachea of the PM10-exposed mice. This improving effect of PDRN can be ascribed to the activation of A2AR through the cAMP-PKA pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Trushna T, Tripathi AK, Rana S, Tiwari RR. Nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as intervention for reducing the health effects of fine particulate matter: Potential and Prospects. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1639-1660. [PMID: 33845731 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210412121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially particulate matter pollution adversely affects human health. A growing pool of evidence has emerged which underscores the potential of individual-level nutritional interventions in attenuating the adverse health impact of exposure to PM2.5. Although controlling emission and reducing the overall levels of air pollution remains the ultimate objective globally, the sustainable achievement of such a target and thus consequent protection of human health will require a substantial amount of time and concerted efforts worldwide. In the meantime, smaller-scale individual-level interventions that can counter the inflammatory or oxidative stress effects triggered by exposure to particulate matter may be utilized to ameliorate the health effects of PM2.5 pollution. One such intervention is incorporation of nutraceuticals in the diet. Here, we present a review of the evidence generated from various in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effects of different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals in ameliorating the health effects of particulate matter air pollution. The studies discussed in this review suggest that these nutraceuticals when consumed as a part of the diet, or as additional supplementation, can potentially negate the cellular level adverse effects of exposure to particulate pollution. The potential benefits of adopting a non-pharmacological diet-based approach to air pollution-induced disease management have also been discussed. We argue that before a nutraceuticals-based approach can be used for widespread public adoption, further research, especially human clinical trials, is essential to confirm the beneficial action of relevant nutraceuticals and to explore the safe limits of human supplementation and the risk of side effects. Future research should focus on systematically translating bench-based knowledge regarding nutraceuticals gained from in-vitro and in-vivo studies into clinically usable nutritional guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Sindhuprava Rana
- Department of Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh. India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie W, You J, Zhi C, Li L. The toxicity of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to vascular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:713-723. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Jia You
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Chenxi Zhi
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Liang Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards University of South China Hengyang China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study University of South China Hengyang China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim MH, Park SJ, Yang WM. Inhalation of Essential Oil from Mentha piperita Ameliorates PM10-Exposed Asthma by Targeting IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Based on a Network Pharmacological Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010002. [PMID: 33374928 PMCID: PMC7821947 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure exhibits a crucial risk factor to exacerbate airway epithelial remodeling, fibrosis, and pulmonary destruction in asthma. Based on the use of essential oils from aromatic plants on pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated the inhibitory effects of essential oil derived from the Mentha species (MEO) against asthma exposed to PM10. The MEO (0.1 v/v %) was aerosolized by a nebulizer to ovalbumin and PM10-induced asthmatic mice. Histological changes were confirmed in the lung tissues. To define the mode of action of the MEO on asthma, a protein–protein interaction network was constructed using menthol and menthone as the major components of the MEO. Cytokine expression and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were analyzed in lung epithelial A549 cells co-treated with MEO and PM10. Inhalation of MEO by nebulization inhibited respiratory epithelium hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and goblet cell activation in asthmatic mice. Through a network pharmacological analysis, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and JAK/STAT was expected to be underlying mechanisms of MEO on asthma. Treatment with MEO significantly reduced the IL-6 levels with a decrease in pro-inflammatory and T helper 2-specific cytokines. PM10-induced phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was significantly decreased by MEO. Collectively, MEO may have an inhibitory effect on asthma under the condition of PM10 exposure through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Samulin Erdem J, Arnoldussen YJ, Tajik S, Ellingsen DG, Zienolddiny S. Effects of mild steel welding fume particles on pulmonary epithelial inflammation and endothelial activation. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:995-1001. [PMID: 33025859 PMCID: PMC7756071 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720962685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Welders have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) following exposure to welding fumes. The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown; however, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction have been suggested as contributing factors to particle-induced CVD. We investigated effects of mild steel welding fume (MSWF) on three target cell types: macrophages, pulmonary epithelial, and vascular endothelial cells. Cells were exposed to MSWF at nontoxic doses for 6 h/day, for five consecutive days. The expression of 40 genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial activation was analyzed. Moreover, changes in the reactive oxygen species production and migration capacity of cells were assessed. The expression of matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) was induced in both epithelial and endothelial cells following repeated exposure to MSWF. Although MMP1 is important in inflammatory responses in vivo, this effect was not concurrent with changes in the inflammatory status, cell proliferation, and migration capacities, nor did it induce oxidative stress in the cells. Thus, repeated exposure with low doses of MSWF was sufficient neither for inducing inflammatory stress in epithelial cells and macrophages nor for endothelial activation, and higher concentrations of MSWF or the nonparticle fraction of MSWF may be critical in causing the increased risk of CVD observed among welders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sepideh Tajik
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mancini FR, Laine JE, Tarallo S, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, van Nunen E, Hoek G, Probst-Hensch N, Imboden M, Jeong A, Gulliver J, Chadeau-Hyam M, Nieuwenhuijsen M, de Kok TM, Piepers J, Krauskopf J, Kleinjans JCS, Vineis P, Naccarati A. microRNA expression profiles and personal monitoring of exposure to particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114392. [PMID: 32276129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of findings from epidemiological studies support associations between exposure to air pollution and the onset of several diseases, including pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and malignancies. However, intermediate, and potentially mediating, biological mechanisms associated with exposure to air pollutants are largely unknown. Previous studies on the human exposome have shown that the expression of certain circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), regulators of gene expression, are altered upon exposure to traffic-related air pollutants. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between particulate matter (PM) smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance (as a proxy of black carbon and soot), and ultrafine-particles (UFP, smaller than 0.1 μm), measured in healthy volunteers by 24 h personal monitoring (PEM) sessions and global expression levels of peripheral blood miRNAs. The PEM sessions were conducted in four European countries, namely Switzerland (Basel), United Kingdom (Norwich), Italy (Turin), and The Netherlands (Utrecht). miRNAs expression levels were analysed using microarray technology on blood samples from 143 participants. Seven miRNAs, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-4763-3p, hsa-miR-425-5p, hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-miR-502-5p, and hsa-miR-505-3p were significantly (FDR corrected) expressed in association with PM2.5 personal exposure, while no significant association was found between miRNA expression and the other pollutants. The results obtained from this investigation suggest that personal exposure to PM2.5 is associated with miRNA expression levels, showing the potential for these circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for air pollution health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica E Laine
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van Nunen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health (TPH) Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health (TPH) Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayoung Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health (TPH) Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Gulliver
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Piepers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cui Y, Chen G, Yang Z. Mitochondrial superoxide mediates PM 2.5-induced cytotoxicity in human pulmonary lymphatic endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114423. [PMID: 32222623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with a variety of respiratory health effects and contributes to premature mortality. Lymphatic vessels are instrumental in facilitating the transport of toxic materials away from the lung to maintain alveolar clearance and have been shown to play important roles in lung injury and repair. Despite intense research efforts in delineating the effects of PM2.5 on blood vascular endothelial cells, the impacts of PM2.5 on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), a specialized subset of endothelial cells that comprise lymphatic vessels, remain enigmatic. Here, we conducted MTT assay and show that treatment of human pulmonary LECs with PM2.5 suppresses cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We subsequently performed Annexin V/propidium iodide labeling and demonstrate that PM2.5 induces LECs apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, we found that manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression and mitochondrial SOD activity were profoundly reduced following PM2.5 exposure. Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that PM2.5 reduces SOD2 expression through activation of Akt pathway, which leads to a disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis characterized by increased accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide. Conversely, mitochondria-targeted SOD mimetic (MitoTEMPO) corrects the disturbed oxidative milieu in PM2.5-treated LECs. Additionally, MitoTEMPO ameliorates the deleterious impacts of PM2.5 on mitochondrial DNA integrity and preserves the viability of LECs. Taken together, these novel data support a critical role for mitochondrial superoxide in the pathogenesis of PM2.5-induced LECs injury and identity mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants as promising therapeutic options to treat environmental lung diseases. Our findings are limited to experimental studies with primary LECs, and future investigations in animal models are warranted to shed light on the precise pathophysiology of lymphatic system in response to PM exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeran Yang
- Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kunovac A, Hathaway QA, Pinti MV, Taylor AD, Hollander JM. Cardiovascular adaptations to particle inhalation exposure: molecular mechanisms of the toxicology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H282-H305. [PMID: 32559138 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air, occupational settings, and the use and distribution of consumer products all serve as conduits for toxicant exposure through inhalation. While the pulmonary system remains a primary target following inhalation exposure, cardiovascular implications are exceptionally culpable for increased morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular dysfunction resulting from acute or chronic inhalation exposure to particulate matter has been well documented, but the mechanisms driving the resulting disturbances remain elusive. In the current review, we aim to summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are directly linked to cardiovascular health following exposure to a variety of inhaled toxicants. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system following particle inhalation exposure and to highlight potential biomarkers that exist across multiple exposure paradigms. We attempt to integrate these molecular signatures in an effort to provide direction for future investigations. This review also characterizes how molecular responses are modified in at-risk populations, specifically the impact of environmental exposure during critical windows of development. Maternal exposure to particulate matter during gestation can lead to fetal epigenetic reprogramming, resulting in long-term deficits to the cardiovascular system. In both direct and indirect (gestational) exposures, connecting the biochemical mechanisms with functional deficits outlines pathways that can be targeted for future therapeutic intervention. Ultimately, future investigations integrating "omics"-based approaches will better elucidate the mechanisms that are altered by xenobiotic inhalation exposure, identify biomarkers, and guide in clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Kunovac
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mark V Pinti
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Andrew D Taylor
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Colaço M, Duarte A, Zuzarte M, Costa BFO, Borges O. Airborne environmental fine particles induce intense inflammatory response regardless of the absence of heavy metal elements. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110500. [PMID: 32222596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne environmental particles (EP) more commonly referred as particulate matter (PM) are an illustrative marker of air pollution that is associated with adverse effects on human health. Considering, PM is a complex mixture, not only in terms of its chemical composition, but also in the range of particle size, it is difficult to identify which attribute contributes more for the toxicity. Currently, there is no report about the immunotoxicological effects caused by PM with reduced content of heavy metals. This study intends to address this gap and provides a detailed characterization and immunotoxicity evaluation of PM collected in an urban area with heavy traffic congestion. Environmental particles were separated by different sizes though a sucrose gradient. This method allowed to achieve 4 sized fractions: EP f 15 % with a mean diameter of 284 nm ± 1.86 nm, EP f 25 % with a mean diameter of 461 nm ± 1.72 nm, EP f 35 % with a mean diameter of 1845 nm ± 251 nm and EP f 45 % with a mean diameter of 2204 nm ± 310 nm. Only the fractions with the smallest sizes (EP f 15 % and EP f 25 %) were subsequently studied. The chemical composition of both fractions was not substantially different, and the dominant elements were C, O, Ca and K. Only EP f 25 % showed to have a small amount of Fe. Therefore, the heavy metal elements were eliminated through centrifugation. Essentially, we found that the EP f 15 % was more cytotoxic in RAW 264.7 cells than EP f 25 %, which indicates the smaller size as the motive for the higher toxicity. In addition, both fractions of EP presented a good internalization in macrophages after 2 h exposure and induced the production of reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EP f 15 % and EP f 25 % led to a strong secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in the 3 concentrations tested. The inflammatory response observed was independent of the presence of heavy metals and endotoxins, since these last were suppressed by using polymyxin B sulfate. This report emphasizes the importance of an adequate physicochemical characterization and adequate controls in the experiments to achieve a right interpretation of the biological effects caused by PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Impairment of mitochondrial function by particulate matter: Implications for the brain. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
25
|
Xu Z, Wu H, Zhang H, Bai J, Zhang Z. Interleukins 6/8 and cyclooxygenase-2 release and expressions are regulated by oxidative stress-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1210-1218. [PMID: 32212198 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can induce inflammation of the respiratory system, which is the pathological basis of asthma or other respiratory diseases; however, the underlying regulation mechanism has not been clearly addressed. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of the oxidative stress-JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by PM2.5. The human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells were stimulated with PM2.5 at 50 and 100 μg/mL doses for 12 or 24 hours. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using flow cytometry. Gene and protein expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The ratio of intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in cellular supernatant were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that PM2.5 treatment significantly increased gene expressions of JAK2/STAT3 and protein levels of p-JAK2/p-STAT3, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio at 50 and 100 μg/mL of PM2.5, and significantly enhanced levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 at a dose of 100 μg/mL. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the oxidative stress induced by PM2.5; similarly, pretreatment with AG490 (an inhibitor of JAK) decreased the cytokine levels stimulated by PM2.5. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 exposure could activate oxidative stress-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, elevate the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 in 16HBE cells, which can be inhibited by the NAC or AG490.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen R, Gao Q, Sun J, Yang H, Li Y, Kang F, Wu W. Short-term effects of particulate matter exposure on emergency room visits for cardiovascular disease in Lanzhou, China: a time series analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9327-9335. [PMID: 31916161 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death in China. Identifying the relationship between particulate matter (PM) and CVD in China is a significant challenge. In this study, daily CVD emergency room visit, environmental monitoring, and weather data from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, in Lanzhou were collected. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were constructed to estimate the short-term effects of daily PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 concentrations on CVD emergency room visits with different lag structures after controlling for the influence of meteorological elements and gaseous pollutants. Stratified analyses were conducted according to age (≥ 65 years and < 65 years), sex (male and female), cold season (from November to April), and warm season (from May to October). The results showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.93% (95% CI 0.12-3.78%) increase in CVD emergency room visits at lag03, and no single lag model was statistically significant. The excess relative risks (ERRs) of PM10 and PMC were not statistically significant at any lag pattern. The exposure-response curves demonstrated a nonlinear upward trend for these three PM pollutants. When adjusting for other gaseous pollutants, such as NO2, SO2, CO, and O3, in the two-pollutant models, the associations between PM10 and PMC and CVD emergency room visits did not change compared with the single-pollutant models. The ERRs of PM2.5 were 1.67% (95% CI 0.03-3.34%) at lag02 after adjustment for NO2 and 1.65% (95% CI 0.02-3.30%) at lag02 after adjustment for SO2. The ERRs of PM2.5 were still statistically significant at lag03 when we adjusted for any one of the gaseous pollutants. Susceptibility to PM2.5 was increased in people aged < 65 years, in males, and in the warm season. The findings are very important for local governments to develop environmental policies and strategies to reduce ambient PM2.5 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Environment and School Health Branch, Gansu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan Area, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianyun Sun
- Environment and School Health Branch, Gansu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan Area, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Environment and School Health Branch, Gansu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan Area, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Physical and Chemical Examination Centre, Gansu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.335 Duan Jia Tan Road, Chengguan Area, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fenyan Kang
- Environment and School Health Branch, Gansu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, No.230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan Area, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Geng J, Liu H, Ge P, Hu T, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu B, Wang B, Xie J. PM2.5 promotes plaque vulnerability at different stages of atherosclerosis and the formation of foam cells via TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:76-84. [PMID: 30921699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence has shown an elevated myocardial infarction (MI) risk after PM2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 μm) exposure. Incident MI may result from rupture of vulnerable plaques. To test whether PM2.5 could promote plaque vulnerability, we exposed PM2.5 to apoe-/- mice by intranasal instillation. We detected the lipid, collagen, macrophage and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) content, and fibrous cap thickness to evaluate the plaque vulnerability. Plaques in HFD-fed mice with PM2.5 treatment for 24 weeks had increased lipid content and macrophage recruitment, and reduced collagen content, fibrous cap thickness and SMCs infiltration. Besides, 4-week exposure to PM2.5 could reduce the fibrous cap thickness, collagen content, but increase the macrophage infiltration and SMCs loss in a rapid atherosclerosis model. In existing plaques, PM2.5 could also decrease the fibrous cap thickness, collagen content. In RAW264.7, PM2.5 could promote the transformation of macrophage into foam cells. The expression of TLR4/MyD88/NFκB and CD36 were upregulated by PM2.5 treatment. Besides, the expression of CD36 promoted by PM2.5 was downregulated by the TLR4 inhibitor or MyD88/NFκB SiRNA. In conclusion, our data indicated that short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure increased plaque vulnerability. The underlying mechanism might be the PM2.5-enhanced formation of foam cells via TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peibing Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bingjian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cold causes arterial hypertension [cold-induce hypertension (CIH)]. Emerging data have indicated that gut barrier dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this study, we explored the effect of gut barrier dysfunction on vascular inflammation induced by cold exposure and the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin in a CIH rat model. The CIH was established by cold exposure for 2 weeks. Two groups of Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to moderate cold (4 ± 1°C), whereas the control group was maintained at room temperature (23 ± 1°C) (10 rats/group). The 2 groups received atorvastatin or vehicle at the beginning of cold exposure, respectively, for 2 weeks. Cold exposure increased mean arterial pressure compared with room temperature group, indicating that animals developed arterial hypertension. Cold exposure induced vascular dysfunction due to decreasing phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in aorta, and these were blunted by atorvastatin. Cold exposure increased the levels of gut-derived inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 production in aorta and resulted in vascular inflammation, whereas atorvastatin prevented these effects. Cold exposure also increased gut permeability, inhibited tight junction protein expression in proximal colon, and resulted in gut barrier dysfunction. Interestingly, atorvastatin eliminated increasing gut permeability, decreasing tight junction protein expression, and gut pathology and reversed gut barrier dysfunction. Atorvastatin attenuated CIH and improved gut barrier function; the beneficial effects might be via inhibiting gut-derived inflammatory cytokines and reversing cold-induced vascular inflammation, suggesting that gut barrier dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIH.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shen C, Liu J, Zhu F, Lei R, Cheng H, Zhang C, Sui X, Ding L, Yang M, Chen H, Ding R, Cao J. The effects of cooking oil fumes-derived PM 2.5 on blood vessel formation through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:690-698. [PMID: 30878009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooking oil fumes (COFs), a main pollutant in kitchen air, is a major risk to human health. In our previous research, exposure to COFs-derived PM2.5 could cause umbilical vascular endothelial dysfunction, leading to decreased fetal weight. Here, to test the role of ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in blood vessel formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) caused by COFs-derived PM2.5, the cells were exposed to COFs-derived PM2.5 at different concentrations with and without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). METHODS MTT assay was used to determine HUVECs viability. Intracellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS levels were assessed with DCFH-DA and MitoSOX™ assay. The levels of proteins and mRNA involved in NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and VEGF were measured by western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Tube formation in HUVECs was detected by tube formation assay. RESULTS The results revealed that COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure reduced HUVECs viability, increased the intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels in cells, and up-regulated the levels of proteins and mRNA involved in NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. However, the protein and mRNA expression of VEGF were reduced with the increasing exposure concentrations. In addition, COFs-derived PM2.5 also affected the tube formation. However, co-incubation with NAC effectively rescued the damages caused by COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSIONS This study proved that COFs-derived PM2.5 could significantly reduce HUVECs viability, induce the overproduction of ROS, lead to inflammation and inhibit VEGF expression, thus affect angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro. It was revealed that the impact caused by COFs-derived PM2.5 on blood vessel formation through a ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinmiao Sui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Liu Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Universit, 15 Yimin Road, Hefei, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liang S, Zhao T, Hu H, Shi Y, Xu Q, Miller MR, Duan J, Sun Z. Repeat dose exposure of PM 2.5 triggers the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in SD rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:245-253. [PMID: 30711591 PMCID: PMC6398278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air pollution promotes the formation of deep venous thrombosis. However, no evidence is available on the effects of PM2.5 lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). For the first time, this study explored the effects of PM2.5 on DIC via coagulation disorders in vivo. SD rats received intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 once every three days for one month. Doppler ultrasound showed that the pulmonary valve (PV) and aortic valve (AV) peak flow were decreased after exposure to PM2.5. Fibrin deposition and bleeding were observed in lung tissue and vascular endothelial injury was found after exposure to PM2.5. Expression of thrombomodulin (TM) in vessel was downregulated after PM2.5-treated, whereas the levels of proinflammatory factors and adhesion molecules (IL-6, IL-1β, CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) were markedly elevated after exposure to PM2.5. Tissue factor (TF) and the coagulation factor of FXa were increased, while vWF was significantly lowered induced by PM2.5. Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and fibrinolytic factor (t-PA) were elevated, while there was no significantly change in the expression of anticoagulant factors (TFPI and AT-III). To clarify the relationship between PM2.5 and DIC, we examined the general diagnostic indices of DIC: PM2.5 prolonged PT and increased the expression of D-dimer but decreased platelet count and fibrinogen. In addition, the gene levels of JAK1 and STAT3 showed an upward trend, whereas there was little effect on JAK2 expression. And inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF) in blood vessels of were up-reglated in PM2.5-treated rats. In summary, our results found that PM2.5 could induce inflammatory response, vascular endothelial injury and prothrombotic state, eventually resulted in DIC. It will provide new evidence for a link between PM2.5 and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facility Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tian G, Wang J, Lu Z, Wang H, Zhang W, Ding W, Zhang F. Indirect effect of PM 1 on endothelial cells via inducing the release of respiratory inflammatory cytokines. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:203-210. [PMID: 30858030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are associated with exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5. One of the ways that PM2.5 affects the cardiovascular system is through systemic inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 stimulate endothelial cells, which leads to endothelial dysfunction. Compared with PM2.5, PM1 is smaller in size, has a larger surface area and absorbs more toxic substances such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and black carbon. However, the effect of PM1 on human health is less studied. Here, we used BEAS-2B cells and differentiated THP-1 cells to simulate epithelial cells and macrophages in the lung, respectively. The indirect effect of PM1 on endothelial cells was studied with a coculture model consisting of two cell lines (BEAS-2B cells and macrophages) in the top compartment and one cell line, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926), in the bottom compartment of a transwell plate. The results showed that PM1 could promote the release of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, from BEAS-2B cells and macrophages. In addition, PM1 upregulated ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells through TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathways, promoting the adhesion of endothelial cells and monocytes, a key event in the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Tian
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang S, Shang M, Mu K, Jiang N, Wen H, Wang R, Wu H, Li W. In vitro and in vivo toxic effects and inflammatory responses induced by carboxylated black carbon-lead complex exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:484-494. [PMID: 30219712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a key component of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and it tends to adsorb various pollutants (e.g., heavy metals and organics) during atmospheric transport. This adsorption leads to the complexity and uncertainty of the source and chemical composition of PM2.5, making the toxicologic effects and health risks induced by PM2.5 difficult to determine. Here, we used carboxylated black carbon (c-BC) and c-BC-lead complexes (c-BC-Pb) to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxic effects and inflammatory responses. The physicochemical properties of c-BC and c-BC-Pb complexes were characterized by the transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and in ductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectra (ICP-AES). Cytotoxicity in vitro showed that the exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to low-dose c-BC-Pb particles significantly induced greater toxicity than that of c-BC, suggesting that lead (Pb) might play an important role in induced cytotoxicity after combined exposure to c-BC-Pb particles. The findings were further confirmed by the results in vivo, which indicated that c-BC-Pb particles significantly induced inflammation and lung injury. Based on the results of this experiment, the differences in toxicity can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Pb on the BC particles, which play a synergistic role in vitro and in vivo in the development of toxicity. The c-BC-Pb particles model used in this study may be helpful for the evaluation of cytotoxicity induced by different sources of BC particles or BC-heavy metal complexes and provide a new approach for understanding PM2.5-induced toxicity and health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China
| | - Mengting Shang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China
| | - Kui Mu
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China.
| | - Hai Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China.
| | - Wenyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Xiong L, Wu T, Zhang T, Kong L, Xue Y, Tang M. Analysis of differentially changed gene expression in EA.hy926 human endothelial cell after exposure of fine particulate matter on the basis of microarray profile. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:213-220. [PMID: 29753823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have illustrated that PM2.5 is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but underlying toxicological mechanisms are not yet clear. The main purpose of this study is to disclose the potential biological mechanisms responsible for PM2.5-dependent adverse cardiovascular outcomes through the appliance of genome-wide transcription microarray. From results, compared with the control group, there are 97 genes significantly altered in 2.5 μg/cm2 PM2.5 treated group and 440 differentially expressed genes in 10 μg/cm2 group. Of note, when 2.5 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 group were respectively compared with the control group, 46 significantly altered genes showed a consistent tendency in two treated groups, of which 31 genes were upregulated while 15 genes were meanwhile downregulated. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, altered genes are mainly gathered in functions of cellular processes and immune regulation. Pathway analysis indicated that TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor (NLRs) signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and gap junction are vital pathways involved in PM2.5-induced toxicity in EA.hy926. Moreover, results from RT-qPCR further corroborated that changed genes are implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic disorder. In addition, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway is the critical pathway which may serve as a target to prevent PM2.5-induced CVD. To sum up, our effort provides a fundamental data for further studies regarding mechanisms of PM2.5-induced cardiovascular toxicity on the basis of genome-wide screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Environmental Health, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China
| | - Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Feng L, Yang X, Asweto CO, Wu J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Duan J, Sun Z. Low-dose combined exposure of nanoparticles and heavy metal compared with PM 2.5 in human myocardial AC16 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27767-27777. [PMID: 28983768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-exposure toxicity mechanism of ultrafine particles and pollutants on human cardiovascular system are still unclear. In this study, the combined effects of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and/or carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) with Pb(AC)2 compared with particulate matter (PM)2.5 were investigated in human myocardial cells (AC16). Our study detected three different combinations of SiNPs and Pb(AC)2, CBNPs and Pb(AC)2, and SiNPs and CBNPs compared with PM2.5 at low-dose exposure. Using PM2.5 as positive control, our results suggested that the combination of SiNPs and Pb(AC)2/CBNPs could increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH); induce inflammation by the upregulation of protein CRP and TNF-α, and apoptosis by the upregulation of protein caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax while the downregulation of protein Bcl-2; and trigger G2/M phase arrest by the upregulation of protein Chk2 and downregulation of protein Cdc2 and cyclin B1. In addition, the combination of CBNPs and Pb(AC)2 induced a significant increase in MDA and reduced the activities of ROS, LDH, SOD, and GSH, with G1/S phase arrest via upregulation of Chk1 and downregulation of CDK6 and cyclin D1. Our data suggested that the additive interaction and synergistic interaction are the major interaction in co-exposure system, and PM2.5 could trigger more severe oxidative stress, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis than either co-exposure or single exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicity and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu J, Shi Y, Asweto CO, Feng L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Hu H, Duan J, Sun Z. Fine particle matters induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25071-25081. [PMID: 28921051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is linked to lung tumorigenesis. However, there is not enough experimental evidence to support the specific mechanisms of PM2.5-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in lung tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 on bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. PM2.5 exposure reduced cell viability and enhanced LDH activity. The cell growth curves of BEAS-2B cells decreased gradually with the increase in PM2.5 dosage. A significant increase in MDA content and a decrease in GSH-Px activity were observed. The generation of ROS was enhanced obviously, while apoptosis increased in BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM2.5 for 24 h. DNA damage was found to be more severe in the exposed groups compared with the control. For in-depth study, we have demonstrated that PM2.5 stimulated the activation of HER2/ErbB2 while significantly upregulating the expression of Ras/GADPH, p-BRAF/BRAF, p-MEK/MEK, p-ERK/ERK, and c-Myc/GADPH in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, we suggested that exposure to PM2.5 sustained the activation of HER2/ErbB2, which in turn promoted the activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway and the expression of the downstream target c-Myc. The overexpression of c-Myc may lead to G2/M arrest and aggravate the DNA damage and apoptosis in BEAS-2B after exposure to PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Duan J, Yu Y, Li Y, Jing L, Yang M, Wang J, Li Y, Zhou X, Miller MR, Sun Z. Comprehensive understanding of PM 2.5 on gene and microRNA expression patterns in zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:666-674. [PMID: 28215799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a major public health concern and some severe diseases have been attributed to exposure to PM2.5. However, a comprehensive understanding of gene and microRNA expression patterns induced by PM2.5 is missing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of PM2.5 via genome-wide transcriptional analysis in the model teleost fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the most impact gene functional categories induced by PM2.5 included oxidation-reduction process, transport, response to xenobiotic stimulus, response to chemical stimulus and metabolic process. Pathway and Signal-net analysis showed that the critical pathway involved in the response to exposure to PM2.5 was the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Results from verification experiments also demonstrated that the key genes with degree higher than 10 induced by PM2.5 were related to metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, including cyp3a65, mgst2, gstp1, gsto2, gsto1, cyp1a, ehx1, gstal and aldh3b1. The differential expression of 8 microRNAs corresponding to those in the human genome, revealed that PM2.5 could up-regulate let-7b, miR-153b-3p, miR-122, miR-24 and down-regulate let-7i, miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p and miR-7a, which suggested PM2.5 had multiple means through which it induced toxicity in living organisms, such as suppression of adaptive immune responses, autophagy, deregulation of metabolism, impaired vasorelaxation, progression of cancers, as well as hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Feng L, Yang X, Asweto CO, Wu J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Shi Y, Duan J, Sun Z. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of cardiovascular-related genes and pathways induced by PM 2.5 in human myocardial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11683-11693. [PMID: 28326484 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been a major environment-related health threat. Most of the studies on PM2.5 toxicity have verified on the cardiovascular system and endothelial cells. However, researches on PM2.5-induced myocardial-related toxicity are limited. This study aims to fully understand the toxic effects of PM2.5 on human myocardial cell (AC16) and explore its molecular mechanism based on microarray analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Microarray data analysis manifested that PM2.5-induced toxicity affected expression of 472 genes compared with the control group, including 166 upregulated genes and 306 downregulated genes in human myocardial (AC16) cells. GO analysis showed that cellular processes such as immune response, cell maturation, embryonic heart tube morphogenesis, cellular response to electrical stimulus, skeletal muscle tissue regeneration, and negative regulation of signal transduction were upregulated, while regulation of transcription (DNA-dependent), rhythmic process, protein destabilization apoptotic process, and innate immune response were downregulated. The pathway analysis indicates that cell signaling pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-κB signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, HTLV-I infection, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were upregulated, while the TGF-β signaling pathway was downregulated. In addition, Signal-net showed that the TUBA4A, ADRBK2, BRIX1, SMC4, EIF5B, PRMT1, ATG4B, and NDC80 genes were significantly decreased, while the expression of the KRT6B gene was markedly increased compared with the control group. All the genes were verified by qRT-PCR. This study had provided new bioinformatics evidences in PM2.5-induced myocardial tissue toxicity which is necessary for further cardiovascular system toxicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|