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Dutta S, Noh S, Gual RS, Chen X, Pané S, Nelson BJ, Choi H. Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 38032424 PMCID: PMC10689718 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micromotor has gained substantial attention in biomedicine and environmental remediation. Metal-based degradable micromotor composed of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) have promise due to their nontoxic fuel-free propulsion, favorable biocompatibility, and safe excretion of degradation products Recent advances in degradable metallic micromotor have shown their fast movement in complex biological media, efficient cargo delivery and favorable biocompatibility. A noteworthy number of degradable metal-based micromotors employ bubble propulsion, utilizing water as fuel to generate hydrogen bubbles. This novel feature has projected degradable metallic micromotors for active in vivo drug delivery applications. In addition, understanding the degradation mechanism of these micromotors is also a key parameter for their design and performance. Its propulsion efficiency and life span govern the overall performance of a degradable metallic micromotor. Here we review the design and recent advancements of metallic degradable micromotors. Furthermore, we describe the controlled degradation, efficient in vivo drug delivery, and built-in acid neutralization capabilities of degradable micromotors with versatile biomedical applications. Moreover, we discuss micromotors' efficacy in detecting and destroying environmental pollutants. Finally, we address the limitations and future research directions of degradable metallic micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Dutta
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Noh
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger Sanchis Gual
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiangzhong Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Chen G, Wang X, Zhang B, Zhang F, Wang Z, Zhang B, Li G. Role of Bubble Evolution in the Bubble-Propelled Janus Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1456. [PMID: 37512766 PMCID: PMC10384430 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Bubble-propelled Janus micromotors have attracted extensive attention in recent years and have been regarded as powerful tools in the environmental and medical fields due to their excellent movement ability. The movement ability can mainly be attributed to the periodic growth, detachment, and/or collapse of the bubble. However, subjected to the experimental conditions, the mechanism of bubble evolution on the motion of the micromotor could not be elucidated clearly. In this work, a finite element method was employed for exploring the role of bubble evolution in bubble-propelled Janus micromotors, which emphasized the growth and collapse of bubbles. After the proposed model was verified by the scallop theorem, the influence of the growth and rapid collapse of bubbles on micromotors was investigated. Results show that the growth and collapse of a bubble can drive the micromotor to produce a displacement, but the displacement caused by a bubble collapse is significantly greater than that caused by bubble growth. The reasons for this phenomenon are analyzed and explained. In addition to the influence of bubble size, the collapse time of the bubble is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuekui Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baiqiang Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guopei Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Zheng Y, Zhao H, Cai Y, Jurado-Sánchez B, Dong R. Recent Advances in One-Dimensional Micro/Nanomotors: Fabrication, Propulsion and Application. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:20. [PMID: 36580129 PMCID: PMC9800686 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their tiny size, autonomous motion and functionalize modifications, micro/nanomotors have shown great potential for environmental remediation, biomedicine and micro/nano-engineering. One-dimensional (1D) micro/nanomotors combine the characteristics of anisotropy and large aspect ratio of 1D materials with the advantages of functionalization and autonomous motion of micro/nanomotors for revolutionary applications. In this review, we discuss current research progress on 1D micro/nanomotors, including the fabrication methods, driving mechanisms, and recent advances in environmental remediation and biomedical applications, as well as discuss current challenges and possible solutions. With continuous attention and innovation, the advancement of 1D micro/nanomotors will pave the way for the continued development of the micro/nanomotor field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zheng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepeng Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcala, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Renfeng Dong
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or in a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, and imaging applications. In addition, microrobots have found applications in the environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements of three-dimensional (3D) printers have enabled the high-resolution fabrication of microrobots with a faster design-production turnaround time for users with limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, the latest end applications of 3D printed microrobots are reviewed (ranging from environmental to biomedical applications) along with a brief discussion over the feasible actuation methods (e.g., on- and off-board), and practical 3D printing technologies for microrobot fabrication. In addition, as a future perspective, we discussed the potential advantages of integration of microrobots with smart materials, and conceivable benefits of implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as physical intelligence (PI). Moreover, in order to facilitate bench-to-bedside translation of microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical translation of microrobots are elaborated, including entry obstacles (e.g., immune system attacks) and cumbersome standard test procedures to ensure biocompatibility. Microbots have attracted attention due to an ability to reach places and perform tasks which are not possible with conventional techniques in a wide range of applications. Here, the authors review the recent work in the field on the fabrication, application and actuation of 3D printed microbots offering a view of the direction of future microbot research.
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Liu X, Sun X, Peng Y, Wang Y, Xu D, Chen W, Wang W, Yan X, Ma X. Intrinsic Properties Enabled Metal Organic Framework Micromotors for Highly Efficient Self-Propulsion and Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14666-14678. [PMID: 36018321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of synthetic micro/nanomotors (MNMs) brings great application prospects but limits their functionalization ability. Here, we report self-fueled metal organic framework (MOF) micromotors that are endowed with capabilities of self-propulsion and antibacterial therapy by their material's intrinsic properties. The spontaneous degradation of the MOF micromotors in water would release their own constituting components of ions which act as fuels to propel themselves by ionic diffusionphoresis with a high energy conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the metal cations released from the MOF micromotors can also serve as antibacterial reagents to kill Escherichia coli (E. coli) with motion enhanced efficacy, which could significantly accelerate the wound closure in a bacterially infected wound model in vivo. Our work provides a general guidance for constructing functional MNMs by taking advantage of the motors' own materials to achieve self-propulsion and on-demand task assignments, which would promote future development of highly integrated micro/nanorobotic systems at micro/nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yixin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071068. [PMID: 35888885 PMCID: PMC9324494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.
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Wang J, Si J, Hao Y, Li J, Zhang P, Zuo C, Jin B, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li W, Guo R, Miao S. Halloysite-Based Nanorockets with Light-Enhanced Self-Propulsion for Efficient Water Remediation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1231-1242. [PMID: 35025514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite-based tubular nanorockets with chemical-/light-controlled self-propulsion and on-demand acceleration in velocity are reported. The nanorockets are fabricated by modifying halloysite nanotubes with nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and light-responsive α-Fe2O3 to prepare a composite of Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs. Compared to the traditional fabrication of tubular micro-/nanomotors, this strategy has merits in employing natural clay as substrates of an asymmetric tubular structure, of abundance, and of no complex instruments required. The velocity of self-propelled Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs nanorockets in fuel (3.0% H2O2) was ca. 1.7 times higher under the irradiation of visible light than that in darkness. Such light-enhanced propulsion can be wirelessly modulated by adjusting light intensity and H2O2 concentration. The highly repeatable and controlled "weak/strong" propulsion can be implemented by turning a light on and off. With the synergistic coupling of the photocatalysis of the Ag-Fe2O3 heterostructure and advanced oxidation in H2O2/visible light conditions, the Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs nanorockets achieve an enhanced performance of wastewater remediation. A test was done by the catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The light-enhanced propulsion is demonstrated to accelerate the degradation kinetics dramatically. All of these results illustrated that such motors can achieve efficient water remediation and open a new path for the photodegradation of organic pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiwen Si
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yizhan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chuanxiao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Jilin Baofeng Ball Clay Co., Ltd, Hongyang Street, Dakouqin Town, Longtan District, Jilin City 132207, China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Yang Y, Hu K, Zhang P, Zhou P, Duan X, Sun H, Wang S. Manganese-Based Micro/Nanomotors: Synthesis, Motion, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100927. [PMID: 34318613 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As emerging micro/nano-scale devices, micro/nanomotors have been innovatively applied in the environmental and biomedical applications. In this paper, the recent advances of Mn-based micro/nanomotors (Mn-micro/nanomotors) in catalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and the mechanisms in decomposition of H2 O2 (e.g., the generation of O2 bubbles and reactive oxygen species) are reviewed. The intrinsic characteristics and synthetic strategies of Mn-based materials are discussed, aiming to gain comprehensive understandings on the asymmetric design of micro/nanomotors. Mn-micro/nanomotors have many advantages such as flexible structures, biocompatibility, powerful motion, long lifetime, and low-cost as compared to noble-metal micro/nanomotors. These merits fulfil Mn-micro/nanomotors great promises from proof-of-concept studies to realistic applications, including pollutant decomposition, trace detection of heavy metal ions, oil removal, drug delivery, isolation of biological targets, and killing bacteria and cancer cells. The great flexibility in fabrication enables diverse and innovative strategies to address challenges for Mn-micro/nanomotors, including high consumption of H2 O2 and non-directional motion. Meanwhile, a perspective of Mn-micro/nanomotors in water remediation by coupling the motors with other Fenton/Fenton-like systems to enhance the catalytic activity and to yield more reactive oxygen species is presented. Directions to the design of on-demand H2 O2 -fueled Mn-micro/nanomotors for advanced purification of organic contaminants in aquatic systems are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kunsheng Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Naeem S, Naeem F, Mujtaba J, Shukla AK, Mitra S, Huang G, Gulina L, Rudakovskaya P, Cui J, Tolstoy V, Gorin D, Mei Y, Solovev AA, Dey KK. Oxygen Generation Using Catalytic Nano/Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1251. [PMID: 34683302 PMCID: PMC8541545 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous oxygen plays a vital role in driving the metabolism of living organisms and has multiple agricultural, medical, and technological applications. Different methods have been discovered to produce oxygen, including plants, oxygen concentrators and catalytic reactions. However, many such approaches are relatively expensive, involve challenges, complexities in post-production processes or generate undesired reaction products. Catalytic oxygen generation using hydrogen peroxide is one of the simplest and cleanest methods to produce oxygen in the required quantities. Chemically powered micro/nanomotors, capable of self-propulsion in liquid media, offer convenient and economic platforms for on-the-fly generation of gaseous oxygen on demand. Micromotors have opened up opportunities for controlled oxygen generation and transport under complex conditions, critical medical diagnostics and therapy. Mobile oxygen micro-carriers help better understand the energy transduction efficiencies of micro/nanoscopic active matter by careful selection of catalytic materials, fuel compositions and concentrations, catalyst surface curvatures and catalytic particle size, which opens avenues for controllable oxygen release on the level of a single catalytic microreactor. This review discusses various micro/nanomotor systems capable of functioning as mobile oxygen generators while highlighting their features, efficiencies and application potentials in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayyah Naeem
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Farah Naeem
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jawayria Mujtaba
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ashish Kumar Shukla
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Larisa Gulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Polina Rudakovskaya
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., 121205 Moscow, Russia; (P.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Valeri Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., 121205 Moscow, Russia; (P.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
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Lu X, Xi X, Lu K, Wang C, Chen X, Wu Y, Wu X, Xiao D. Miniature Ultralight Deformable Squama Mechanics and Skin Based on Piezoelectric Actuation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080969. [PMID: 34442591 PMCID: PMC8401865 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A miniature deformable squama mechanics based on piezoelectric actuation inspired by the deformable squama is proposed in this paper. The overall size of the mechanics is 16 mm × 6 mm × 6 mm, the weight is only 140 mg, the deflection angle range of the mechanical deformation is −15°~45°, and the mechanical deformation is controllable. The small-batch array processing of the miniature deformable squama mechanics, based on the stereoscopic process, laid the technological foundation for applying the deformed squama array arrangement. We also designed and manufactured a small actuation control boost circuit and a mobile phone piezoelectric control assistant application that makes it convenient to perform short-range non-contact control of the deformation of the squama. The proposed system arranges the deformed squamae into groups to form the skin and controlls the size and direction of the signals input to each group of the squama array, thereby making the skin able to produce different shapes to create deformable skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kun Lu
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (K.L.)
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Lyu X, Liu X, Zhou C, Duan S, Xu P, Dai J, Chen X, Peng Y, Cui D, Tang J, Ma X, Wang W. Active, Yet Little Mobility: Asymmetric Decomposition of H 2O 2 Is Not Sufficient in Propelling Catalytic Micromotors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12154-12164. [PMID: 34339185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A popular principle in designing chemical micromachines is to take advantage of asymmetric chemical reactions such as the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Contrary to intuition, we use Janus micromotors half-coated with platinum (Pt) or catalase as an example to show that this ingredient is not sufficient in powering a micromotor into self-propulsion. In particular, by annealing a thin Pt film on a SiO2 microsphere, the resulting microsphere half-decorated with discrete Pt nanoparticles swims ∼80% more slowly than its unannealed counterpart in H2O2, even though they both catalytically produce comparable amounts of oxygen. Similarly, SiO2 microspheres half-functionalized with the enzyme catalase show negligible self-propulsion despite high catalytic activity toward decomposing H2O2. In addition to highlighting how surface morphology of a catalytic cap enables/disables a chemical micromotor, this study offers a refreshed perspective in understanding how chemistry powers nano- and microscopic objects (or not): our results are consistent with a self-electrophoresis mechanism that emphasizes the electrochemical decomposition of H2O2 over nonelectrochemical pathways. More broadly, our finding is a critical piece of the puzzle in understanding and designing nano- and micromachines, in developing capable model systems of active colloids, and in relating enzymes to active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Pengzhao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yixin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Donghao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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12
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Sun Z, Zhuang L, Wei M, Sun H, Liu F, Tang B, Groenewold J, Zhou G. Bubble Manipulation Driven by Alternating Current Electrowetting: Oscillation Modes and Surface Detachment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6898-6904. [PMID: 34060843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a millimeter-sized bubble in water pending on a substrate is manipulated by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field, known as electrowetting on dielectric. In this setup, standing waves on the bubble surface are observed. The amplitude of these waves varies with frequency, and three resonance peaks (21, 76, and 134 Hz) can be identified. By incorporating the nonlinear friction force for the contact line to an existing surface mode model, a significant improvement to explain the spectrum of the oscillations is obtained, predicting three peak positions, widths, and heights with good accuracy. We also show that bubble detachment correlates with the low-frequency resonance peak. It is found experimentally that if close enough to this peak, then bubbles at sufficiently high voltages are observed to detach from the substrate. This suggests that inertial effects can effectively promote bubble detachment. To confirm this hypothesis, the bubble dynamics is simulated with COMSOL using the full Navier-Stokes equation with a two-phase field and electrostatic stresses. It was found that the bubble experimental detachment process is quite well-reproduced in the simulation, confirming the role of fluid inertia for the detachment process. Given the nice correspondence between the experimental state diagrams and the theoretical modeling, this work contributes to identify a window for precise and reliable bubble manipulation by means of AC electrowetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Miaoyang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jan Groenewold
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Research Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, P.R. China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
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13
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The Energy Conversion behind Micro-and Nanomotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020222. [PMID: 33671593 PMCID: PMC7927089 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the autonomously moving organisms in nature, artificially synthesized micro-nano-scale power devices, also called micro-and nanomotors, are proposed. These micro-and nanomotors that can self-propel have been used for biological sensing, environmental remediation, and targeted drug transportation. In this article, we will systematically overview the conversion of chemical energy or other forms of energy in the external environment (such as electrical energy, light energy, magnetic energy, and ultrasound) into kinetic mechanical energy by micro-and nanomotors. The development and progress of these energy conversion mechanisms in the past ten years are reviewed, and the broad application prospects of micro-and nanomotors in energy conversion are provided.
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14
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Soto F, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Esteban Fernandez de Avila B, Nourhani A, Wang J. Smart Materials for Microrobots. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5365-5403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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15
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Wang B, Kostarelos K, Nelson BJ, Zhang L. Trends in Micro-/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002047. [PMID: 33617105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Micro-/nanorobots (m-bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their applications in in vivo diagnosis and intervention have been the focus of extensive research in recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied for localization and tracking. The successful integration of well-designed m-bots with surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, and imaging techniques becomes the crucial step toward biomedical applications, especially for the in vivo uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects of biomedical m-bots: design/fabrication, functionalization, actuation, and localization. The biomedical applications of the m-bots in diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, and wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. The developed biomedical m-bot systems are comprehensively compared and evaluated based on their characteristics. The current challenges and the directions of future research in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong, China
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16
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Zheng YT, Zhao BS, Zhang HB, Jia H, Wu M. Colorimetric aptasensor for fumonisin B1 detection by regulating the amount of bubbles in closed bipolar platform. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Liu W, Ge H, Ding X, Lu X, Zhang Y, Gu Z. Cubic nano-silver-decorated manganese dioxide micromotors: enhanced propulsion and antibacterial performance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19655-19664. [PMID: 32996985 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains represents the current antibacterial dilemma and requires novel bactericidal treatment to circumvent this problem. In this work, an efficient strategy for killing bacteria using PEDOT/MnO2@Ag micromotors is reported based on the intense motion-induced convection and excellent sterilization ability of silver (Ag) ions. A distinctive inner surface structure with cubic Ag nanoparticle growth and dispersion in the MnO2 layer was constructed by simple cathodic co-electrodeposition. Due to the synergistic catalytic reaction of both MnO2 and Ag, the micromotors can rapidly swim in very low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The antibacterial efficiency of the micromotors was evaluated with the Escherichia coli (E. coli) model. The continuous movement of micromotors, corresponding to violent mass transfer, along with the on-the-fly release of silver ions, greatly enhanced bacteria killing efficacy, with about 14% increase in bacterial death in 0.2% H2O2 solution as compared to no motors. Such proposed micromotors could be ideal candidates for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the fields of biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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18
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Maric T, Beladi-Mousavi SM, Khezri B, Sturala J, Nasir MZM, Webster RD, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Functional 2D Germanene Fluorescent Coating of Microrobots for Micromachines Multiplexing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902365. [PMID: 31433114 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micromachines are at the forefront of materials research as they are self-propelled, smart autonomous systems capable of acting as an intelligent matter. One of the obstacles the field faces is tracking individual micromachines carrying molecular cargo from the rest of the micromachines. Highly stable fluorescent markers based on chemically modified 2D germanene compounds are developed. Two different 2D germanene derivatives, 4-fluorophenylgermanane (2D-Ph-Ge) and methylgermanane (2D-Me-Ge), exhibit different fluorescence under UV light irradiation (excitation at 365 nm), which allows one particular micromotor to be easily distinguished in a mixture of micromotors. This offers a paradigm shift toward a new approach of multiplex detection of self-propelled micromachines. The utility is demonstrated on a drug delivery system, where micromachines carrying a drug are labeled with 2D-Ph-Ge with blue emission while bare micromachines are labeled by 2D-Me-Ge with red emission. This approach of functional fluorescent labeling will pave the way to multiple simultaneous functionalized micromachines identification in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Maric
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Beladi-Mousavi
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bahareh Khezri
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sturala
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Zafir Mohamad Nasir
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard D Webster
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zdeneˇk Sofer
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynˇova 656/123, Brno, CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
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Naeem S, Naeem F, Zhang J, Mujtaba J, Xu K, Huang G, Solovev AA, Mei Y. Parameters Optimization of Catalytic Tubular Nanomembrane-Based Oxygen Microbubble Generator. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11070643. [PMID: 32610688 PMCID: PMC7407399 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A controllable generation of oxygen gas during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by the microreactors made of tubular catalytic nanomembranes has recently attracted considerable attention. Catalytic microtubes play simultaneous roles of the oxygen bubble producing microreactors and oxygen bubble-driven micropumps. An autonomous pumping of peroxide fuel takes place through the microtubes by the recoiling microbubbles. Due to optimal reaction–diffusion processes, gas supersaturation, leading to favorable bubble nucleation conditions, strain-engineered catalytic microtubes with longer length produce oxygen microbubbles at concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in approximately ×1000 lower in comparison to shorter tubes. Dynamic regimes of tubular nanomembrane-based oxygen microbubble generators reveal that this depends on microtubes’ aspect ratio, hydrogen peroxide fuel concentration and fuel compositions. Different dynamic regimes exist, which produce specific bubble frequencies, bubble size and various amounts of oxygen. In this study, the rolled-up Ti/Cr/Pd microtubes integrated on silicon substrate are used to study oxygen evolution in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and surfactants. Addition of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants leads to a decrease of bubble diameter and an increase of frequencies of bubble recoil. Moreover, an increase of temperature (from 10 to 35 °C) leads to higher frequencies of oxygen bubbles and larger total volumes of produced oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayyah Naeem
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (S.N.); (F.N.)
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.M.); (G.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Farah Naeem
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (S.N.); (F.N.)
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.M.); (G.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Jawayria Mujtaba
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.M.); (G.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Department of Electronic and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.M.); (G.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.M.); (G.H.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (J.M.); (G.H.); (Y.M.)
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Moradi N, Shamsipur M, Taherpour AA, Rahimdad N, Pashabadi A. Fabrication of Template-Less Self-Propelled Micromotors Based on A Metal-Sandwiched Polytryptophan Body: An Experimental and DFT Study. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1129-1136. [PMID: 32485096 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diverse capabilities of self-propelled micro/nanomotors open up significant opportunities for various environmental and biomedical applications. Here, a synchronized two-lobed bubble exhaust drives micromotor comprising a metal (cobalt and gold) sandwiched polytryptophan body (Au/poly-Trp/Co) in a non-curved direction. The autonomous motion is achieved through the decomposition of chemical fuel to result in a kayak-like system. The ejected oxygen bubbles from the interfacial cobalt/polytryptophan layer, as well as the inert nature of the metal segments (Au-Co), were considered for some computational studies of the electronic properties of the composite and physical phenomena at the kayak/electrolyte interfaces, and confirmed the role of Co-Trp in the fuel decomposition. It is believed that the autonomous motion is the combined result of bubble recoil force, self-electrophoresis, and perturbation in the interfacial hydrogen-bond network of the poly-Trp body and water molecules. The velocity of the micromotor in the range 23±4 to 157±17 μm s-1 at different concentrations of H2 O2 from 1 % to 10 %. Depending on the method of fragmentation, it is possible to have both single and multiple motorized kayaks with lengths of 1.5 and 6 μm, respectively, that can be tailored for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozar Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University Tagh-e-Bostan, University St., Kermanshah, Iran, 6714414971, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shamsipur
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University Tagh-e-Bostan, University St., Kermanshah, Iran, 6714414971, Iran
| | - Avat Arman Taherpour
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University Tagh-e-Bostan, University St., Kermanshah, Iran, 6714414971, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimdad
- Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Shahid M. A. Roshan Street, Hamedan, 6516738695, Iran
| | - Afshin Pashabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University Tagh-e-Bostan, University St., Kermanshah, Iran, 6714414971, Iran
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Szkudlarek A, Hnida-Gut KE, Kollbek K, Marzec MM, Pitala K, Sikora M. Cobalt-platinum nanomotors for local gas generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:07LT01. [PMID: 31675729 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab53bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Co-Pt nanorods exhibit an enhanced capacity for the production of gas from liquid-phase chemicals. Based on the systematic structural and magnetic characterization we discuss potential applications of these hybrid nanostructures for localized fuel generation in microdevices. Experimental proof of the feasibility for controlling the rate of catalytic reaction via external magnetic stimuli is shown. This unique functionality makes these hybrids promising candidates for optimizing the energy conversion rate in microfluidics fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szkudlarek
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Micromotors from Microfluidics. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2417-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen C, He Z, Wu J, Zhang X, Xia Q, Ju H. Motion of Enzyme‐Powered Microshell Motors. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2491-2496. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhengqing He
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and BiotechnologySchool of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory MedicineHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Laboratory of Tropical Biomedicine and BiotechnologySchool of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory MedicineHainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University 163 xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Liu W, Ge H, Chen X, Lu X, Gu Z, Li J, Wang J. Fish-Scale-Like Intercalated Metal Oxide-Based Micromotors as Efficient Water Remediation Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16164-16173. [PMID: 30957479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With compelling virtues of a large specific surface area, abundant active sites, and fast interfacial transport, nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be indispensable tools for water remediation applications. Accordingly, micro/nanomotors made by nanomaterials would also benefit from these properties. Though tuning the surface architecture on demand becomes a hot topic in the field of nanomaterials, there are still limited reports on the design of active surface architectures in chemically driven tubular micro/nanomachines. Here, a unique architecture composed of a fish-scale-like intercalated (FSI) surface structure and an active layer with 5 nm nanoparticles is constructed, which composes of Fe2O3 and ramsdellite MnO2, Mn2O3, in the tubular micromotor using a versatile electrodeposition protocol. Tailoring the electrodeposition parameters enables us to modulate the active MnO2 surface structure on demand, giving rise to a pronounced propulsion performance and catalytic activity. Upon exposure to the azo-dye waste solution, the degradation efficacy greatly raises by around 22.5% with FSI micromotor treatment when compared to the normal compact motors, owing to the synergistic effect between the Fe-related Fenton reaction and a large catalytic area offered by the hierarchically rough inner surface. Such unique micromachines with a large active surface area have great potential for environmental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hongbin Ge
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Nanjing 210016 , China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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25
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Zhang X, Chen C, Wu J, Ju H. Bubble-Propelled Jellyfish-like Micromotors for DNA Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13581-13588. [PMID: 30888785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A chemically powered jellyfish-like micromotor was proposed by using a multimetallic shell and a DNA assembly with catalase decorations modified on the concave surface to simulate the umbrella-shaped body and the muscle fibers on the inner umbrella of jellyfish. Relying on the catalytic generation of oxygen gas by catalase in H2O2 fuel, the jellyfish-like micromotor showed good bubble-propelled motion in different biomedia with speed exceeding 209 μm s-1 in 1.5% H2O2. The jellyfish-like micromotors could also be applied for motion detection of DNA based on a displacement hybridization-triggered catalase release. The proposed jellyfish-like micromotors showed advantages of easy fabrication, good motion ability, sensitive motion detection of DNA, and good stability and reproducibility, indicating considerable promise for biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Chengtao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
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26
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Liu K, Liu H, Fan Q, Zhang S, Liu Z, Han L, Li H, Gao C. Solid-to-Hollow Conversion of Silver Nanocrystals by Surface-Protected Etching. Chemistry 2018; 24:19038-19044. [PMID: 30260045 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although hollow silver nanocrystals possess unique plasmonic properties, there is a lack of robust strategies to synthesize such nanocrystals with high efficiency and controllability. To solve this problem, a new surface-protected etching strategy to convert solid Ag nanocrystals, which are widely available from conventional syntheses, into their hollow counterparts, producing a family of hollow Ag nanocrystals is reported. Hollow Ag nanospheres and nanotubes were prepared conveniently in this way. The key was the surface modification of Ag nanocrystals by a minor amount of Pt prior to a controllable etching process, which accounts for enhanced stability of the Ag surface and subsequent etching of Ag from the inner part of the nanocrystals while retaining the overall crystal morphology. These hollow Ag nanocrystals showed distinctive optical properties, as demonstrated by the enhanced optical transmittance of flexible electrodes fabricated with Ag nanotubes, compared to nanowires. These hollow Ag nanocrystals hold promise in different plasmonic and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hongpo Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Qikui Fan
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Houshen Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbo Gao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, P. R. China
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27
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Gao Y, Dullens RPA, Aarts DGAL. Bulk synthesis of silver-head colloidal rodlike micromotors. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7119-7125. [PMID: 30027982 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particles with asymmetric catalytic activities are emerging micro/nanomotors that harvest chemical energy for propulsion in fluids. It is of general interest to produce such particles with high performance, in large quantity and at low cost. In this paper, we present a facile bulk method to synthesize silver-head colloidal silica rods. These particles self-propel towards their active sites by reacting with hydrogen peroxide, and the velocity is tuned via the fuel concentration. We show that these motors are highly efficient; compared to the currently available chemical-phoretic micro/nanomotors they show similar performance of self-propulsion at fuel concentrations that are two orders of magnitude smaller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Gao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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28
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Villa K, Parmar J, Vilela D, Sánchez S. Metal-Oxide-Based Microjets for the Simultaneous Removal of Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20478-20486. [PMID: 29845852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination from industrial and anthropogenic activities is nowadays a major issue in many countries worldwide. To address this problem, efficient water treatment technologies are required. Recent efforts have focused on the development of self-propelled micromotors that provide enhanced micromixing and mass transfer by the transportation of reactive species, resulting in higher decontamination rates. However, a real application of these micromotors is still limited due to the high cost associated to their fabrication process. Here, we present Fe2O3-decorated SiO2/MnO2 microjets for the simultaneous removal of industrial organic pollutants and heavy metals present in wastewater. These microjets were synthesized by low-cost and scalable methods. They exhibit an average speed of 485 ± 32 μm s-1 (∼28 body length per s) at 7% H2O2, which is the highest reported for MnO2-based tubular micromotors. Furthermore, the photocatalytic and adsorbent properties of the microjets enable the efficient degradation of organic pollutants, such as tetracycline and rhodamine B under visible light irradiation, as well as the removal of heavy metal ions, such as Cd2+ and Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Villa
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jemish Parmar
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Diana Vilela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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29
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María-Hormigos R, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Self-Propelled Micromotors for Naked-Eye Detection of Phenylenediamines Isomers. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9830-9837. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Safdar M, Khan SU, Jänis J. Progress toward Catalytic Micro- and Nanomotors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703660. [PMID: 29411445 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) are tiny objects that can autonomously move under the influence of an appropriate source of energy, such as a chemical fuel, magnetic field, ultrasound, or light. Chemically driven MNMs are composed of or contain certain reactive material(s) that convert chemical energy of a fuel into kinetic energy (motion) of the particles. Several different materials have been explored over the last decade for the preparation of a wide variety of MNMs. Here, the discovery of materials and approaches to enhance the efficiency of chemically driven MNMs are reviewed. Several prominent applications of the MNMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine and environmental science, are also discussed, as well as the limitations of existing materials and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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31
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Ye H, Kang J, Ma G, Sun H, Wang S. High-speed graphene@Ag-MnO 2 micromotors at low peroxide levels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:271-280. [PMID: 29859452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) free micro/nanomotors (MNMs) using a low content of fuels are highly desired for many applications. Herein, we demonstrate that cathodic electrofabrication can produce modified MnO2 based microtubes and microrods as highly efficient MNMs in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as low as 0.2%. The speed of graphene/Ag-MnO2 micromotors could be smartly regulated using a surfactant and the maximum speed of an individual micromotor exceeds 1.3 mm s-1 in 0.5% H2O2. The propelling force and output power of the micromotors are 3.4 and 10 times as high as those of the best Pt-based micromotors reported. These Ag-MnO2 based micromotors are envisioned to be a great promise for practical applications from biomedical delivery to environmental decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Key Lab of Advanced Materials Technology of Educational Department Liaoning Province, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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32
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Li ZL, Wang W, Li M, Zhang MJ, Tang MJ, Su YY, Liu Z, Ju XJ, Xie R, Chu LY. Facile Fabrication of Bubble-Propelled Micromotors Carrying Nanocatalysts for Water Remediation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mao-Jie Zhang
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, P. R. China
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33
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Shen Q, Liu M, Yu D, Gao H, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhou J. Preparation of Fluorescent Thiol Group-Functionalized Silica Microspheres for the Detection and Removal of Silver Ions in Aqueous Solutions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology; Jilin 132022 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Hospital of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Hanliang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology; Jilin 132022 P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology; Jilin 132022 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, College of Control Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
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34
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Chen C, Chang X, Teymourian H, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Lu X, Li J, He S, Fang C, Liang Y, Mou F, Guan J, Wang J. Bioinspired Chemical Communication between Synthetic Nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:241-245. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | | | | | - Xiaolong Lu
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Sha He
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Chengcheng Fang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yuyan Liang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Fangzhi Mou
- Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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35
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Chen C, Chang X, Teymourian H, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Lu X, Li J, He S, Fang C, Liang Y, Mou F, Guan J, Wang J. Bioinspired Chemical Communication between Synthetic Nanomotors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | | | | | - Xiaolong Lu
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Sha He
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Chengcheng Fang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yuyan Liang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Fangzhi Mou
- Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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36
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Liu L, Bai T, Chi Q, Wang Z, Xu S, Liu Q, Wang Q. How to Make a Fast, Efficient Bubble-Driven Micromotor: A Mechanical View. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E267. [PMID: 30400455 PMCID: PMC6189961 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors, which can be moved at a micron scale, have special functions and can perform microscopic tasks. They have a wide range of applications in various fields with the advantages of small size and high efficiency. Both high speed and efficiency for micromotors are required in various conditions. However, the dynamical mechanism of bubble-driven micromotors movement is not clear, owing to various factors affecting the movement of micromotors. This paper reviews various factors acting on micromotor movement, and summarizes appropriate methods to improve the velocity and efficiency of bubble-driven micromotors, from a mechanical view. The dynamical factors that have significant influence on the hydrodynamic performance of micromotors could be divided into two categories: environment and geometry. Improving environment temperature and decreasing viscosity of fluid accelerate the velocity of motors. Under certain conditions, raising the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is applied. However, a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide is not applicable. In the environment of low concentration, changing the geometry of micromotors is an effective mean to improve the velocity of micromotors. Increasing semi-cone angle and reducing the ratio of length to radius for tubular and rod micromotors are propitious to increase the speed of micromotors. For Janus micromotors, reducing the mass by changing the shape into capsule and shell, and increasing the surface roughness, is applied. This review could provide references for improving the velocity and efficiency of micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Infrastructure Management Department, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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37
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Yoshizumi Y, Suzuki H. Self-Propelled Metal-Polymer Hybrid Micromachines with Bending and Rotational Motions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21355-21361. [PMID: 28581704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two self-propelled micromachines were fabricated with gold/platinum micromotors that exhibit simple translational motion in a fuel solution. In each one, two micromotors were connected with a joint of polymer tube formed by stacking cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and anionic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) using a layer-by-layer technique. A bent structure was created by making one longitudinal side of the joint more swellable with alkaline treatment. The joint containing fewer PAA/PAH bilayers was flexible and allowed a larger range of Brownian angular fluctuation. In the fuel solution, bending and stable rotation were observed for the micromotors tethered with soft and rigid angled joints, respectively. The radius and angular velocity of the rotation depended on the angle of the joint. Such tethered micromotors can be used to realize sophisticated micro/nanomachines for microscale surgery and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Yoshizumi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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38
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Minh TD, Safdar M, Jänis J. Protection of Platinum-Based Micromotors from Thiol Toxicity by Using Manganese Oxide. Chemistry 2017; 23:8134-8136. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tam Do Minh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 80101 Joensuu Finland
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39
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Safdar M, Minh TD, Kinnunen N, Jänis J. Manganese Oxide Based Catalytic Micromotors: Effect of Polymorphism on Motion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32624-32629. [PMID: 27933845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxide (MnO2) has recently emerged as a promising alternate material for the fabrication of self-propelled micromotors. Platinum (Pt) has been traditionally used as a catalytic material for this purpose. However, the high cost associated with Pt restricts its widespread use toward practical applications where large amounts of material are required. MnO2 exists in different crystalline forms (polymorphs), which govern its catalytic behavior. In spite of this, the recent reports on MnO2 based micromotors have seldom reported on the polymorphic form involved. In the present work, we synthesized six different types of MnO2 based micromotors, which represent different geometrical designs (i.e., spherical, rod-like, and tube-like microparticles) and polymorphs, and characterized their motion behavior in different chemical environments. Out of all micromotors tested, the hollow spherical MnO2 microparticles reached the maximum velocity of ∼1600 μm s-1, which represents the fastest MnO2 based catalytic micromotor reported until date. The findings of this study will have a profound impact on the design and application of the next-generation synthetic micro- and nanomotors based on MnO2 as a low-cost and environment friendly material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tam Do Minh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Niko Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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40
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Fukuzumi S, Yamada Y. Hydrogen Peroxide used as a Solar Fuel in One-Compartment Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Meijo University, ALCA and SENTAN (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST); Nagoya Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering; Graduate, School of Engineering; Osaka City University; 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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Abstract
Autonomous propulsion at the nanoscale represents one of the most challenging and demanding goals in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, numerous important advances in nanotechnology and material science have contributed to the creation of powerful self-propelled micro/nanomotors. In particular, micro- and nanoscale rockets (MNRs) offer impressive capabilities, including remarkable speeds, large cargo-towing forces, precise motion controls, and dynamic self-assembly, which have paved the way for designing multifunctional and intelligent nanoscale machines. These multipurpose nanoscale shuttles can propel and function in complex real-life media, actively transporting and releasing therapeutic payloads and remediation agents for diverse biomedical and environmental applications. This review discusses the challenges of designing efficient MNRs and presents an overview of their propulsion behavior, fabrication methods, potential rocket fuels, navigation strategies, practical applications, and the future prospects of rocket science and technology at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Isaac Rozen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Hu L, Tao K, Miao J, Grüber G. Hydrogen-peroxide-fuelled platinum–nickel–SU-8 microrocket with steerable propulsion using an eccentric nanoengine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrockets with eccentric nanoengines are able to realize the steerable propulsion in either a clockwise or a counter-clockwise direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Hu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Kai Tao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637551
- Singapore
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