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Ueberricke L, Punja Benke B, Kirschbaum T, Hahn S, Rominger F, Bunz UHF, Mastalerz M. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of a Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine (QPP) Extended Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ). Chemistry 2021; 27:2043-2049. [PMID: 32954544 PMCID: PMC7898691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A six‐step synthesis towards a tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) bearing three quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine (QPP) units is presented. The optoelectronic properties are investigated and the effect of the three‐dimensional arrangement of the individual QPP planes is examined using optical spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis and quantum‐chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ueberricke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Hetzer C, Basel BS, Kopp SM, Hampel F, White FJ, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Chromophore Multiplication To Enable Exciton Delocalization and Triplet Diffusion Following Singlet Fission in Tetrameric Pentacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15263-15267. [PMID: 31342607 PMCID: PMC7497398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A tetrameric pentacene, PT, has been used to explore the effects of exciton delocalization on singlet fission (SF). For the first time, triplet decorrelation through intramolecular triplet diffusion was observed following SF. Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine different decorrelation mechanisms (triplet diffusion versus structural changes) for PT and its dimeric equivalent PD on the basis of the rate and activation barrier of the decorrelation step. Charge-separation experiments using tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) to quench triplet excitons formed through SF demonstrate that enhanced intersystem crossing, that is, spin catalysis, is a widely underestimated obstacle to quantitative harvesting of the SF products. The importance of spatial separation of the decorrelated triplet states is emphasized, and independent proof that the decorrelated triplet pair state consists of two (T1 ) states per molecule is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bettina S. Basel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAUEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sebastian M. Kopp
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Fraser J. White
- Rigaku Europe, Unit B6Chaucer Business ParkWatery Lane, KemsingSevenoaksTN15 6QYUK
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry CenterDepartment of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAUNägelsbachstrasse 2591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAUEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
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Hetzer C, Basel BS, Kopp SM, Hampel F, White FJ, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Chromophore Multiplication To Enable Exciton Delocalization and Triplet Diffusion Following Singlet Fission in Tetrameric Pentacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Bettina S. Basel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAU Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Kopp
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Fraser J. White
- Rigaku Europe, Unit B6 Chaucer Business Park Watery Lane, Kemsing Sevenoaks TN15 6QY UK
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAU Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), FAU Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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Kawano K, Hayashi H, Yoshimoto S, Aratani N, Suzuki M, Yoshinobu J, Yamada H. An Ethynylene-Bridged Pentacene Dimer: Two-Step Synthesis and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:14916-14920. [PMID: 30069924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rigid and planar ethynylene-bridged pentacene dimer (PenD) was synthesized from pentacenequinone in two steps, skipping the conventional stepwise approach. A brickwork motif in the single crystal shows two-dimensionally extended electronic interaction in the solid state. Highly crystalline dip-coated films exhibited average hole mobility of 0.24 cm2 V-1 s-1 , comparable to that of the single-crystal organic field-effect transistors. This discovery and understanding of the reaction for the facile synthesis of ethynylene-bridged π-conjugated systems enables to the synthesis of a wide range of organic semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kawano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshimoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
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Isoda K, Sato Y, Matsukuma D. Fluorescent N-Heteroacene-Based π-Conjugated Liquid Responsive to HCl Vapor. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science; Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu; Kagawa 761-0396 Japan
| | - Yuika Sato
- Department of Advanced Materials Science; Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu; Kagawa 761-0396 Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsukuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science; 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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Marshall JL, Lehnherr D, Lindner BD, Tykwinski RR. Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:967-1001. [PMID: 31961601 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4-diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I- ). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low-valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Isoda K. Acid-Responsive N-Heteroacene-Based Material Showing Multi-Emission Colors. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:242-246. [PMID: 28413759 PMCID: PMC5390813 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid-responsive N-heteroacene-based material has been prepared, which shows a blue emission color in a film. The protonation of this material in a thin film gives rise to remarkable changes in luminescent color compared to that in solution states. As the protonation of N-heteroacene molecules in films gradually occurs, their emission color can be tuned by adjusting the exposure time of the thin films to HCl vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of EngineeringKagawa University2217-20 Hayashi-cho, TakamatsuKagawa761-0396Japan
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