1
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Obaidulla SM, Supina A, Kamal S, Khan Y, Kralj M. van der Waals 2D transition metal dichalcogenide/organic hybridized heterostructures: recent breakthroughs and emerging prospects of the device. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:44-92. [PMID: 37902087 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The near-atomic thickness and organic molecular systems, including organic semiconductors and polymer-enabled hybrid heterostructures, of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) can modulate their optoelectronic and transport properties outstandingly. In this review, the current understanding and mechanism of the most recent and significant breakthrough of novel interlayer exciton emission and its modulation by harnessing the band energy alignment between TMDs and organic semiconductors in a TMD/organic (TMDO) hybrid heterostructure are demonstrated. The review encompasses up-to-date device demonstrations, including field-effect transistors, detectors, phototransistors, and photo-switchable superlattices. An exploration of distinct traits in 2D-TMDs and organic semiconductors delves into the applications of TMDO hybrid heterostructures. This review provides insights into the synthesis of 2D-TMDs and organic layers, covering fabrication techniques and challenges. Band bending and charge transfer via band energy alignment are explored from both structural and molecular orbital perspectives. The progress in emission modulation, including charge transfer, energy transfer, doping, defect healing, and phase engineering, is presented. The recent advancements in 2D-TMDO-based optoelectronic synaptic devices, including various 2D-TMDs and organic materials for neuromorphic applications are discussed. The section assesses their compatibility for synaptic devices, revisits the operating principles, and highlights the recent device demonstrations. Existing challenges and potential solutions are discussed. Finally, the review concludes by outlining the current challenges that span from synthesis intricacies to device applications, and by offering an outlook on the evolving field of emerging TMDO heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Md Obaidulla
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Antonio Supina
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Chair of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Sherif Kamal
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Yahya Khan
- Department of Physics, Karakoram International university (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Marko Kralj
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Quereda J, Zhao Q, Diez E, Frisenda R, Castellanos-Gomez A. Fiber-coupled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as safe and convenient light sources for the characterization of optoelectronic devices. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:98. [PMID: 37645138 PMCID: PMC10446081 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic device characterization requires to probe the electrical transport changes upon illumination with light of different incident powers, wavelengths, and modulation frequencies. This task is typically performed using laser-based or lamp + monochromator-based light sources, that result complex to use and costly to implement. Here, we describe the use of multimode fiber-coupled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a simple, low-cost alternative to more conventional light sources, and demonstrate their capabilities by extracting the main figures of merit of optoelectronic devices based on monolayer MoS 2, i.e. optical absorption edge, photoresponsivity, response time and detectivity. The described light sources represent an excellent alternative for performing optoelectronic characterization experiments on a limited budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quereda
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Univesidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Junta de Castilla y León, 37007, Spain
| | - Quinghua Zhao
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Enrique Diez
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Univesidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Junta de Castilla y León, 37007, Spain
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos-Gomez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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3
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Kirubasankar B, Won YS, Adofo LA, Choi SH, Kim SM, Kim KK. Atomic and structural modifications of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for various advanced applications. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7707-7738. [PMID: 35865881 PMCID: PMC9258346 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01398c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their heterostructures have attracted significant interest in both academia and industry because of their unusual physical and chemical properties. They offer numerous applications, such as electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices, in addition to energy storage and conversion. Atomic and structural modifications of van der Waals layered materials are required to achieve unique and versatile properties for advanced applications. This review presents a discussion on the atomic-scale and structural modifications of 2D TMDs and their heterostructures via post-treatment. Atomic-scale modifications such as vacancy generation, substitutional doping, functionalization and repair of 2D TMDs and structural modifications including phase transitions and construction of heterostructures are discussed. Such modifications on the physical and chemical properties of 2D TMDs enable the development of various advanced applications including electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensing, catalysis, nanogenerators, and memory and neuromorphic devices. Finally, the challenges and prospects of various post-treatment techniques and related future advanced applications are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Kirubasankar
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 14072 South Korea
| | - Yo Seob Won
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Laud Anim Adofo
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Soo Ho Choi
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Soo Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 14072 South Korea
| | - Ki Kang Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
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4
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Scharl T, Binder G, Chen X, Yokosawa T, Cadranel A, Knirsch KC, Spiecker E, Hirsch A, Guldi DM. Noncovalent Liquid Phase Functionalization of 2H-WS 2 with PDI: An Energy Conversion Platform with Long-Lived Charge Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5834-5840. [PMID: 35341248 PMCID: PMC9069688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transition metal
dichalcogenides are attractive 2D materials in
the context of solar energy conversion. Previous investigations have
focused predominantly on the properties of these systems. The realization
of noncovalent hybrids with, for example, complementary electroactive
materials remains underexplored to this date for exfoliated WS2. In this contribution, we explore WS2 by means
of exfoliation and integration together with visible light-absorbing
and electron-accepting perylene diimides into versatile electron-donor
acceptor hybrids. Important is the distinct electron-donating feature
of WS2. Detailed spectroscopic investigations of WS2–PDI confirm
the electron donor/acceptor nature of the hybrid and indicate that
green light photoexcitation leads to the formation of long-lived WS2•+–PDI•– charge-separated
states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Scharl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Binder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tadahiro Yokosawa
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kathrin C Knirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Zhao Y, Gobbi M, Hueso LE, Samorì P. Molecular Approach to Engineer Two-Dimensional Devices for CMOS and beyond-CMOS Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:50-131. [PMID: 34816723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted tremendous research interest over the last two decades. Their unique optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties make 2DMs key building blocks for the fabrication of novel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and beyond-CMOS devices. Major advances in device functionality and performance have been made by the covalent or noncovalent functionalization of 2DMs with molecules: while the molecular coating of metal electrodes and dielectrics allows for more efficient charge injection and transport through the 2DMs, the combination of dynamic molecular systems, capable to respond to external stimuli, with 2DMs makes it possible to generate hybrid systems possessing new properties by realizing stimuli-responsive functional devices and thereby enabling functional diversification in More-than-Moore technologies. In this review, we first introduce emerging 2DMs, various classes of (macro)molecules, and molecular switches and discuss their relevant properties. We then turn to 2DM/molecule hybrid systems and the various physical and chemical strategies used to synthesize them. Next, we discuss the use of molecules and assemblies thereof to boost the performance of 2D transistors for CMOS applications and to impart diverse functionalities in beyond-CMOS devices. Finally, we present the challenges, opportunities, and long-term perspectives in this technologically promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Zhao
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.,School of Micro-Nano Electronics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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6
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Steinebrunner D, Schnurpfeil G, Thayssen J, Tapia Burgos JA, Wichmann A, Wöhrle D, Wittstock A. Comparison of the photocatalytic activity of novel hybrid photocatalysts based on phthalocyanines, subphthalocyanines and porphyrins immobilized onto nanoporous gold. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11364-11372. [PMID: 35423609 PMCID: PMC8695993 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of different singlet oxygen photosensitizers was immobilized onto nanoporous gold powder with a mean pore size of 40 nm via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The attachment of phthalocyanine and porphyrin derivatives was performed on the peripheral substituent of the macrocycle, whereas the subphthalocyanine derivatives were attached via the axial substituent with respect to the macrocyclic ring system. All obtained hybrid systems were studied in the photooxidation of 2,5-diphenylfuran as a chemical singlet oxygen quencher and showed increased photocatalytic activity compared to the same amount of the corresponding photosensitizer in solution due to photoinduced interactions of the plasmon resonance of the nanostructured gold support and the attached photosensitizer. The understanding of the different photophysical interactions depending on the coordination mode of the macrocycle as well as the position of the absorbance in the electromagnetic spectrum is an important point in the development towards highly active hybrid photocatalysts covering a broad absorption range within the spectrum of visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steinebrunner
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Günter Schnurpfeil
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University Bremen Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Jan Thayssen
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Jorge Adrian Tapia Burgos
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Andre Wichmann
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Dieter Wöhrle
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University Bremen Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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7
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Sha R, Bhattacharyya TK. MoS2-based nanosensors in biomedical and environmental monitoring applications. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Girardi L, Blanco M, Agnoli S, Rizzi GA, Granozzi G. A DVD-MoS 2/Ag 2S/Ag Nanocomposite Thiol-Conjugated with Porphyrins for an Enhanced Light-Mediated Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071266. [PMID: 32610453 PMCID: PMC7408523 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated in a previous work an appreciable photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) behavior towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of a MoS2/Ag2S/Ag nanocomposite electrochemically deposited on a commercial writable Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), consisting therefore on an interesting strategy to convert a common waster product in an added-value material. Herein, we present the conjugation of this MoS2/Ag2S/Ag-DVD nanocomposite with thiol-terminated tetraphenylporphyrins, taking advantage of the grafting of thiol groups through covalent S-S bridges, for integrating the well-known porphyrins photoactivity into the nanocomposite. Moreover, we employ two thiol-terminated porphyrins with different hydrophilicity, demonstrating that they either suppress or improve the PEC-HER performance of the overall hybrid, as a function of the molecule polarity, sustaining the concept of a local proton relay. Actually, the active polar porphyrin-MoS2/Ag2S/Ag-DVD hybrid material presented, when illuminated, a better HER performance, compared to the pristine nanocomposite, since the porphyrin may inject photoelectrons in the conduction band of the semiconductors at the formed heterojunction, presenting also a stable operational behavior during overnight chopped light chronoamperometric measurement, thanks to the robust bond created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Girardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (S.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Matías Blanco
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (S.A.); (G.G.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.A.R.); Tel.: +34-914975022 (M.B.); +39-0498275722 (G.A.R.)
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (S.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Gian Andrea Rizzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (S.A.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (G.A.R.); Tel.: +34-914975022 (M.B.); +39-0498275722 (G.A.R.)
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.G.); (S.A.); (G.G.)
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9
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Quirós-Ovies R, Vázquez Sulleiro M, Vera-Hidalgo M, Prieto J, Gómez IJ, Sebastián V, Santamaría J, Pérez EM. Controlled Covalent Functionalization of 2 H-MoS 2 with Molecular or Polymeric Adlayers. Chemistry 2020; 26:6629-6634. [PMID: 32101348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most air-stable 2D materials are relatively inert, which makes their chemical modification difficult. In particular, in the case of MoS2 , the semiconducting 2 H-MoS2 is much less reactive than its metallic counterpart, 1T-MoS2 . As a consequence, there are hardly any reliable methods for the covalent modification of 2 H-MoS2 . An ideal method for the chemical functionalization of such materials should be both mild, not requiring the introduction of a large number of defects, and versatile, allowing for the decoration with as many different functional groups as possible. Herein, a comprehensive study on the covalent functionalization of 2 H-MoS2 with maleimides is presented. The use of a base (Et3 N) leads to the in situ formation of a succinimide polymer layer, covalently connected to MoS2 . In contrast, in the absence of base, functionalization stops at the molecular level. Moreover, the functionalization protocol is mild (occurs at room temperature), fast (nearly complete in 1 h), and very flexible (11 different solvents and 10 different maleimides tested). In practical terms, the procedures described here allow for the chemist to manipulate 2 H-MoS2 in a very flexible way, decorating it with polymers or molecules, and with a wide range of functional groups for subsequent modification. Conceptually, the spurious formation of an organic polymer might be general to other methods of functionalization of 2D materials, where a large excess of molecular reagents is typically used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quirós-Ovies
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Vera-Hidalgo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Prieto
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Jénnifer Gómez
- CEITEC Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (ICMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (ICMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, C/Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gerkman MA, Lee JK, Li X, Zhang Q, Windley M, Fonseca MV, Lu Y, Warner JH, Han GGD. Direct Imaging of Individual Molecular Binding to Clean Nanopore Edges in 2D Monolayer MoS 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:153-165. [PMID: 31747249 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) to study how solution-deposited molecules bind to the edges and surface regions around nanopores in MoS2 monolayers. Nanopores with clean atomically flat edges and controllable mean diameter were generated by time-dependent large-area electron beam exposure during an in situ heating process, ready for subsequent molecular attachment. An organic molecule was designed to have a dithiolane end group that binds to Mo-terminated sites and a ligand structure that incorporates a single transition metal atom (Pt) marker for ADF-STEM detection. Pt atoms were used to track molecular binding around zigzag edges of MoS2 and to predict the orientations and conformations of molecules upon binding. We found that the molecules preferred to reside on the surface of the MoS2, pointing inward when attaching to the edge, rather than dangling out from the edge into free space, which is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the aromatic core of the molecule and the MoS2 basal planes. These results help us understand the way solution-deposited single molecules attach to free-standing edges of 2D crystals and the influence of van der Waals forces in guiding molecular binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael A Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Qianyang Zhang
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Windley
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Maria V Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
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11
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Souri Z, Adeli M, Mehdipour E. Two-dimensional MoS2: a platform for constructing three-dimensional structures using RAFT polymerization. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlled and straightforward functionalization are relevant strategies to obtain MoS2 platforms with defined functionality and improved processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Souri
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mehdipour
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
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12
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Huo N, Konstantatos G. Recent Progress and Future Prospects of 2D-Based Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801164. [PMID: 30066409 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional semiconductors such as silicon- and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs)-based photodetectors have encountered a bottleneck in modern electronics and photonics in terms of spectral coverage, low resolution, nontransparency, nonflexibility, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) incompatibility. New emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and their hybrid systems thereof, however, can circumvent all these issues benefitting from mechanically flexibility, extraordinary electronic and optical properties, as well as wafer-scale production and integration. Heterojunction-based photodiodes based on 2D materials offer ultrafast and broadband response from the visible to far-infrared range. Phototransistors based on 2D hybrid systems combined with other material platforms such as quantum dots, perovskites, organic materials, or plasmonic nanostructures yield ultrasensitive and broadband light-detection capabilities. Notably the facile integration of 2D photodetectors on silicon photonics or CMOS platforms paves the way toward high-performance, low-cost, broadband sensing and imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengjie Huo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerasimos Konstantatos
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Stergiou A, Tagmatarchis N. Molecular Functionalization of Two‐Dimensional MoS
2
Nanosheets. Chemistry 2018; 24:18246-18257. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry InstituteNational Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry InstituteNational Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
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14
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Tai KL, Huang GM, Huang CW, Tsai TC, Lee SK, Lin TY, Lo YC, Wu WW. Observing phase transformation in CVD-grown MoS 2via atomic resolution TEM. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9941-9944. [PMID: 30116815 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We utilized in situ transmission electron microscopy to observe phase transformation in CVD-grown MoS2. Significantly, the reaction was performed under electron irradiation through appropriate control of the electron dose and exposure time. Moreover, we proposed a new route between the 2H and 1T phases that involved the higher energy states TS1/TS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Lun Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Min Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Chun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Kuang Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chieh Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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15
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Bertolazzi S, Gobbi M, Zhao Y, Backes C, Samorì P. Molecular chemistry approaches for tuning the properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6845-6888. [PMID: 30043037 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as ultrathin layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), offer a unique combination of electronic, optical and mechanical properties, and hold potential to enable a host of new device applications spanning from flexible/wearable (opto)electronics to energy-harvesting and sensing technologies. A critical requirement for developing practical and reliable electronic devices based on semiconducting TMDs consists in achieving a full control over their charge-carrier polarity and doping. Inconveniently, such a challenging task cannot be accomplished by means of well-established doping techniques (e.g. ion implantation and diffusion), which unavoidably damage the 2D crystals resulting in degraded device performances. Nowadays, a number of alternatives are being investigated, including various (supra)molecular chemistry approaches relying on the combination of 2D semiconductors with electroactive donor/acceptor molecules. As yet, a large variety of molecular systems have been utilized for functionalizing 2D TMDs via both covalent and non-covalent interactions. Such research endeavours enabled not only the tuning of the charge-carrier doping but also the engineering of the optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal and sensing properties of semiconducting TMDs for specific device applications. Here, we will review the most enlightening recent advancements in experimental (supra)molecular chemistry methods for tailoring the properties of atomically-thin TMDs - in the form of substrate-supported or solution-dispersed nanosheets - and we will discuss the opportunities and the challenges towards the realization of novel hybrid materials and devices based on 2D semiconductors and molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bertolazzi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Frisenda R, Molina-Mendoza AJ, Mueller T, Castellanos-Gomez A, van der Zant HSJ. Atomically thin p-n junctions based on two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3339-3358. [PMID: 29683464 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00880e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent research in two-dimensional (2D) materials has boosted a renovated interest in the p-n junction, one of the oldest electrical components which can be used in electronics and optoelectronics. 2D materials offer remarkable flexibility to design novel p-n junction device architectures, not possible with conventional bulk semiconductors. In this Review we thoroughly describe the different 2D p-n junction geometries studied so far, focusing on vertical (out-of-plane) and lateral (in-plane) 2D junctions and on mixed-dimensional junctions. We discuss the assembly methods developed to fabricate 2D p-n junctions making a distinction between top-down and bottom-up approaches. We also revise the literature studying the different applications of these atomically thin p-n junctions in electronic and optoelectronic devices. We discuss experiments on 2D p-n junctions used as current rectifiers, photodetectors, solar cells and light emitting devices. The important electronics and optoelectronics parameters of the discussed devices are listed in a table to facilitate their comparison. We conclude the Review with a critical discussion about the future outlook and challenges of this incipient research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Frisenda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Wu W, Wei C, Lin X, Xu Q. Controlled Assembly of Porphyrin-MoS 2 Composite Nanosheets for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance. Chem Asian J 2018. [PMID: 29528564 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As a promising non-precious metal photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalyst, MoS2 exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and stability, while the weak light absorption efficiency and low photoresponse current limit its practical application. Herein, a facile co-assembly approach is proposed to construct porphyrin-MoS2 composite photoelectrocatalysts. The as-prepared photoelectrocatalysts show a significantly enhanced photocurrent response as high as 16 μA cm-2 , which is about 2 times higher than that of bare MoS2 . Furthermore, the obtained porphyrin-MoS2 catalysts exhibit excellent durability when tested for 23000 s, thus providing a useful strategy for the design of highly efficient dye-sensitized PEC catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Cong Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Xiangcheng Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, China
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18
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Jin H, Baek B, Kim D, Wu F, Batteas JD, Cheon J, Son DH. Effects of Direct Solvent-Quantum Dot Interaction on the Optical Properties of Colloidal Monolayer WS 2 Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7471-7477. [PMID: 29076338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of the absence of native dangling bonds on the surface of the layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the surface of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of TMDCs is exposed directly to the solvent environment. Therefore, the optical and electronic properties of TMDCS QDs are expected to have stronger influence from the solvent than usual surface-passivated QDs due to more direct solvent-QD interaction. Study of such solvent effect has been difficult in colloidal QDs of TMDC due to the large spectroscopic heterogeneity resulting from the heterogeneity of the lateral size or (and) thickness in ensemble. Here, we developed a new synthesis procedure producing the highly uniform colloidal monolayer WS2 QDs exhibiting well-defined photoluminescence (PL) spectrum free from ensemble heterogeneity. Using these newly synthesized monolayer WS2 QDs, we observed the strong influence of the aromatic solvents on the PL energy and intensity of monolayer WS2 QD beyond the simple dielectric screening effect, which is considered to result from the direct electronic interaction between the valence band of the QDs and molecular orbital of the solvent. We also observed the large effect of stacking/separation equilibrium on the PL spectrum dictated by the balance between inter QD and QD-solvent interactions. The new capability to probe the effect of the solvent molecules on the optical properties of colloidal TMDC QDs will be valuable for their applications in various liquid surrounding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bongkwan Baek
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Fanglue Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James D Batteas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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19
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Colloidal 2D nanosheets of MoS 2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides through liquid-phase exfoliation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 245:40-61. [PMID: 28477866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides MQ2 (TMD, M=Mo, W, etc., Q=S, Se, Te) in liquid media, leading to the formation of 2D nanosheets dispersed in colloids. Nowadays, colloidal dispersions of MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and other related materials are considered for a wide range of applications, including electronic and optoelectronic devices, energy storage and conversion, sensors for gases, catalysts and catalyst supports, biomedicine, etc. We address various methods developed so far for transferring these materials from bulk to nanoscale thickness, and discuss their stabilization and factors influencing it. Long-time known exfoliation through Li intercalation has received renewed attention in recent years, and is recognized as a method yielding highest dispersed concentrations of single-layer MoS2 and related materials. Latest trends in the intercalation/exfoliation approach include electrochemical lithium intercalation, experimenting with various intercalating agents, multi-step intercalation, etc. On the other hand, direct sonication in solvents is a much simpler technique that allows one to avoid dangerous reagents, long reaction times and purifying steps. The influence of the solvent characteristics on the colloid formation was closely investigated in numerous recent studies. Moreover, it is being recognized that, besides solvent properties, sonication parameters and solvent transformations may affect the process in a crucial way. The latest data on the interaction of MoS2 with solvents evidence that not only solution thermodynamics should be employed to understand the formation and stabilization of such colloids, but also general and organic chemistry. It appears that due to the sonolysis of the solvents and cutting of the MoS2 layers in various directions, the reactive edges of the colloidal nanosheets may bear various functionalities, which participate in their stabilization in the colloidal state. In most cases, direct exfoliation of MQ2 into colloidal nanosheets is conducted in organic solvents, while a small amount of works report low-concentrated colloids in pure water. To improve the dispersion abilities of transition metal dichalcogenides in water, various stabilizers are often introduced into the reaction media, and their interactions with nanosheets play an important role in the stabilization of the dispersions. Surfactants, polymers and biomolecules usually interact with transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets through non-covalent mechanisms, similarly to the cases of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Finally, we survey covalent chemical modification of colloidal MQ2 nanosheets, a special and different approach, consisting in the functionalization of MQ2 surfaces with help of thiol chemistry, interaction with electrophiles, or formation of inorganic coordination complexes. The intentional design of surface chemistry of the nanosheets is a very promising way to control their solubility, compatibility with other moieties and incorporation into hybrid structures. Although the scope of the present review is limited to transition metal dichalcogenides, the dispersion in colloids of other chalcogenides (such as NbS3, VS4, Mo2S3, etc.) in many ways follows similar trends. We conclude the review by discussing current challenges in the area of exfoliation of MoS2 and its related materials.
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