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Khan J, Sun Y, Han L. A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201013. [PMID: 36336653 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor-based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4 , HCOOH, and CH3 COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost-effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g-C3 N4 , the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g-C3 N4 -based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Hayat A, Sohail M, Taha TA, Kumar Baburao Mane S, Al-Sehemi AG, Al-Ghamdi AA, Nawawi WI, Palamanit A, Amin MA, Fallatah AM, Ajmal Z, Ali H, Ullah Khan W, Wajid Shah M, Khan J, Wageh S. Synergetic effect of bismuth vanadate over copolymerized carbon nitride composites for highly efficient photocatalytic H 2 and O 2 generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:621-629. [PMID: 35872419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of copolymerized carbon nitride (CN)-based photocatalysts may support advances in photocatalytic overall water splitting. However, the recombination of charge carriers is the main bottleneck that reduces its overall photocatalytic activity. To overcome this problem, the construction of heterojunction technology has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the charge carrier recombination, thereby improving charge separation and transport efficiency. In this work, an innovative heterojunction was prepared between Quinolinic acid (QA) modified CN (CN-QAx) and novel nanorod-shaped bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) (BiVO4/CN-QAx) for overall water splitting through a simple in-situ solvent evaporation technique. The obtained results show that the synthesized samples have efficient and improved activities for releasing H2 (862.1 μmol/h) and O2 (31.58 μmol/h) under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, an exceptional apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 64.52 % has been recorded for BiVO4/CN-QA7.0 at 420 nm, which might be due to the substantial isolation of photoinducedcharge carriers. Therefore, this work opens up a new channel toward efficient CN-based photocatalysts in the sustainable energy production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, P.R. China
| | - T A Taha
- Physics department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | | | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - W I Nawawi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Arau Perlis 02600, Malaysia
| | - Arkom Palamanit
- Energy Technology Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Fallatah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
| | - Hamid Ali
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | | | - Javid Khan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - S Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Biomass Lignin Integrated Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Boosted Photocatalytic Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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A Superficial Intramolecular Alignment of Carbon Nitride through Conjugated Monomer for Optimized Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent ways to widen the adsorption range of carbon nitride (CN) is to add a well-known photosensitizer into its basic structure. So far, such attachments have been accomplished by using weak van der Waals forces. However, using strong covalent bonding to attach such photosensitizer with CN is yet to be determined. Here, for the first time, we covalently bonded porphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyl) phenyl)-Porphyrin (TDP)), a renowned photosensitizer, effectively with CN by thermally balanced molecular strategy. A photoreaction system was set up for the deoxygenated conversion of CO2 to CO under visible light, where cobalt acted as a redox controller to speed up the charge transportation, while CN-TDP worked as a CO2 activating photocatalyst. The subsequent photocatalyst has a broader absorbance range, a greater specific surface area, and intramolecular organic connections that help to decrease the electron-hole pairs’ recombination rate. Furthermore, the average weight ratio between urea and TDP was well-tuned, resulting in a fantastic CO2 photoconversion for CN-TDP7.0 compared to the blank sample. This substantial increase in photocatalytic activity predicts a significant shift in CN’s specific surface area, band gap, chemical composition, and structure, as well as the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers from the ground state (HOMO) to the excited state (LUMO), making it a top candidate for CO2 photoreduction. At the same time, this approach paves the path for the bottom-up fabrication of carbon nitride nanosheets.
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Khan SU, Khan WU, Khan WU, Khan D, Saeed S, Badshah S, Ikram M, Saleh TA. Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ Deep-Red Phosphors as Novel Materials for White Light-Emitting Diodes and Simultaneous Performance Enhancement of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001551. [PMID: 32459055 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The luminous efficiency of inorganic white light-emitting diodes, to be used by the next generation as light initiators, is continuously progressing and is an emerging interest for researchers. However, low color-rendering index (Ra), high correlated color temperature (CCT), and poor stability limit its wider application. Herein, it is reported that Sm3+ - and Eu3+ -doped calcium scandate (CaSc2 O4 (CSO)) are an emerging deep-red-emitting material with promising light absorption, enhanced emission properties, and excellent thermal stability that make it a promising candidate with potential applications in emission display, solid-state white lighting, and the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The average crystal structures of Sm3+ -doped CSO are studied by synchrotron X-ray data that correspond to an extremely rigid host structure. Samarium ion is incorporated as a sensitizer that enhances the emission intensity up to 30%, with a high color purity of 88.9% with a 6% increment. The impacts of hosting the sensitizer are studied by quantifying the lifetime curves. The CaSc2 O4 :0.15Eu3+ ,0.03Sm3+ phosphor offers significant resistance to thermal quenching. The incorporation of lanthanide ion-doped phosphors CSOE into PSCs is investigated along with their potential applications. The CSOE-coated PSCs devices exhibit a high current density and a high power conversion efficiency (15.96%) when compared to the uncoated control devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah Khan
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dilfaraz Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Syed Badshah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Statistical Genomics Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Hayat A, Shaishta N, Mane SKB, Khan J, Hayat A. Rational Ionothermal Copolymerization of TCNQ with PCN Semiconductor for Enhanced Photocatalytic Full Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46756-46766. [PMID: 31762261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic full water splitting remains the perfect way to generate oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) gases driven by sunlight to address the future environmental issues as well as energy demands. Owing to its exceptional properties, polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been one of the most widely investigated semiconductor photocatalysts. Nevertheless, blank PCN characteristically displays restrained photocatalytic performance due to high-density defects in its framework that may perhaps perform the part of the recombination midpoint for photoproduced electron-hole pairs. Therefore, to overcome this problem, a simple approach to introduce 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) with an electron-withdrawing characteristic modifier into the pristine PCN framework by the ionothermal method to enhance its optical, conductive, and photocatalytic properties has been undertaken. Results show that such integration of TCNQ results in the delocalization of the π-conjugated structure; significant changes in its chemical electronic configuration, band gap, and surface area; and enhanced production of electrons under visible light. As a result of this facile integration, our best sample (CNU-TCNQ9.0) produced a hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 164.6 μmol h-1 for H2 and an oxygen evolution rate (OER) of 14.8 μmol h-1 for O2, which were found to be 2.4- and 2.6-fold greater than those produced with pure carbon nitride (CNU) sample, respectively. Hence, this work provides a reasonable alternative method to synthesize and design novel CNU-TCNQ backbone photocatalyst for organic photosynthesis, CO2 reduction, hydrogen evolution, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350 002 , P. R. China
| | - Naghma Shaishta
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry , Gulbarga University , Gulbarga 585106 , India
| | - Sunil Kumar Baburao Mane
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry , Gulbarga University , Gulbarga 585106 , India
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510 275 , P. R. China
| | - Javid Khan
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510 275 , P. R. China
| | - Ashiq Hayat
- Department of Physics , Quaid Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
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Fabrication of green dye-sensitized solar cell based on ZnO nanoparticles as a photoanode and graphene quantum dots as a photo-sensitizer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 511:318-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang K, Yao J, Zuo X, Yang Q, Tang H, Li G, Wu M, Zhu K, Zhang H. Interconnected molybdenum disulfide@tin disulfide heterojunctions with different morphologies: a type of enhanced counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MoS2@SnS2 heterojunctions have been synthesized and displayed the enhanced performance due to the specific crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Jixin Yao
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Xueqin Zuo
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Qun Yang
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Huaibao Tang
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices
| | - Guang Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices
| | - Mingzai Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices
| | - Kerong Zhu
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices
| | - Haijun Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices
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Direct fabrication of anatase TiO2 hollow microspheres for applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and lithium storage. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Khan J, Gu J, He S, Li X, Ahmed G, Liu Z, Akhtar MN, Mai W, Wu M. Rational design of a tripartite-layered TiO 2 photoelectrode: a candidate for enhanced power conversion efficiency in dye sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9913-9920. [PMID: 28678289 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A tri-layered photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is assembled using single crystal hollow TiO2 nanoparticles (HTNPs), sub-micro hollow TiO2 mesospheres (SHTMSs) and hierarchical TiO2 microspheres (HTMSs). The bottom layer composed of single crystal hollow TiO2 nanoparticles serves to absorb dye molecules, harvest light due to its hollow structure and keep a better mechanical contact with FTO conducting glass; the middle layer consisting of sub-micro hollow mesospheres works as a multifunctional layer due to its high dye adsorption ability, strong light trapping and scattering ability and slow recombination rates; and the top layer consisting of hierarchical microspheres enhances light scattering. The DSSCs made of photoanodes with a tripartite-layer structure (Film 4) show a superior photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.24%, which is 7.4% higher than a single layered photoanode composed of HTNPs (Film 1: 8.90%), 4.6% higher than a double layer-based electrode consisting of HTNPs and SHTMSs (Film 2: 9.03%) and 2.6% higher than a double layer-based electrode made of HTNPs and HTMSs (Film 3: 9.11%). The significant improvements in the PCE for tri-layered TiO2 photoanodes are mainly because of the combined effects of their higher light scattering ability, long electron lifetime, fast electron transport rate, efficient charge collection and a considerable surface area with high dye-loading capability. This study confirms that the facile tri-layered photoanode is an interesting structure for high-efficiency DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environment and Energy Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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