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Kaneko K, Mandai A, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Hanasaki T. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of "side-on" hybrid liquid crystalline silsesquioxanes. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9115-9122. [PMID: 37990586 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel hybrid silsesquioxane-based liquid crystalline derivatives with varied lengths of spacers and tails have been synthesized by hydrosilylation reactions of octakis(dimethylsiloxy)silsesquioxane and side-on mesogens via a platinum catalyst. The thermal behavior of three types of silsesquioxane-based liquid crystals (LCs), differentiated by the molecular structure of mesogens, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarising optical microscopy (POM). Temperature-dependent small and wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to verify liquid crystalline phases, revealing that the silsesquioxane-based derivatives formed hexagonal columnar and nematic mesophases, and the effect of the molecular structure of the mesogens and the spacer length on the formation of LC phases is discussed. This investigation demonstrated that the choice of the "side-on" attachments plays a crucial role in enhancing the emergence of the nematic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 23, rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Atsuhiko Mandai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 23, rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 23, rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Tomonori Hanasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1, Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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Makiura R, Niwa A, Eimura H, Uchida J, Kato T. Air/Water Interfacial Monolayer Assembly of Peptide-Conjugated Liquid-Crystalline Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Makiura
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Anna Niwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroki Eimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Kutsumizu S, Kawafuchi A, Yamamura Y, Udagawa T, Otaki T, Masuda M, Miwa Y, Saito K. Stabilization of Bicontinuous Cubic Phase and Its Two-Sided Nature Produced by Use of Siloxane Tails and Introduction of Molecular Nonsymmetry. Chemistry 2021; 27:10293-10302. [PMID: 34031926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A recent intriguing finding that a helical network arrangement forms the bicontinuous cubic phase is attracting great attention for the possibility of new routes to asymmetric synthesis by achiral molecules. However, the design of the molecular structure for the cubic phase is still unrevealed. In this work, a nonsymmetric core molecule with larger naphthalene and smaller benzene moieties at each side of the central linkage and the same disiloxanyldecyloxy terminal at both terminals is shown to be the first example of molecule forming both single-layered and double-layered core assembly modes in the Ia3d phase as a single molecule system. The molecule forms the former mode at high temperatures as a thermodynamically stable phase, similarly to the symmetric naphthalene core system, whereas, on cooling below a temperature (∼350 K), a metastable Ia3d phase forms a double-layered core state down to room temperature, which is common to the benzene core system. As another effect of the nonsymmetric core, the cubic phase is maintained at room temperature for more than 100 days with slight distortion. Infrared spectral studies and quantum chemical calculations suggested the easy transformation between the two core assembly modes. The core nonsymmetry can be a versatile fine-tuning of the core assembly mode and phase stability for the cubic phase molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akane Kawafuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Otaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masaki Masuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
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Reppe T, Poppe S, Tschierske C. Controlling Mirror Symmetry Breaking and Network Formation in Liquid Crystalline Cubic, Isotropic Liquid and Crystalline Phases of Benzil-Based Polycatenars. Chemistry 2020; 26:16066-16079. [PMID: 32652801 PMCID: PMC7756378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous development of chirality in systems composed of achiral molecules is important for new routes to asymmetric synthesis, chiral superstructures and materials, as well as for the understanding of the mechanisms of emergence of prebiotic chirality. Herein, it is shown that the 4,4'-diphenylbenzil unit is a universal transiently chiral bent building block for the design of multi-chained (polycatenar) rod-like molecules capable of forming a wide variety of helically twisted network structures in the liquid, the liquid crystalline (LC) and the crystalline state. Single polar substituents at the apex of tricatenar molecules support the formation of the achiral (racemic) cubic double network phase with Ia 3 ‾ d symmetry and relatively small twist along the networks. The combination of an alkyl chain with fluorine substitution leads to the homogeneously chiral triple network phase with I23 space group, and in addition, provides a mirror symmetry broken liquid. Replacing F by Cl or Br further increases the twist, leading to a short pitch double gyroid Ia 3 ‾ d phase, which is achiral again. The effects of the structural variations on the network structures, either leading to achiral phases or chiral conglomerates are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Reppe
- Institute of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Institute of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
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Reppe T, Poppe S, Cai X, Cao Y, Liu F, Tschierske C. Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in benzil-based soft crystalline, cubic liquid crystalline and isotropic liquid phases. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5902-5908. [PMID: 32874512 PMCID: PMC7446726 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione), which is a long known example for an achiral molecule crystallizing in a chiral space group, can also show mirror symmetry breaking in the fluid state if it is suitably functionalized. For some of the new benzil derivatives even three different subsequent mirror symmetry broken soft matter states with a chiral conglomerate structure can be observed. One is an isotropic liquid, the second one a cubic liquid crystal with a complex network structure and the third is a soft crystalline solid. Chirality develops by helical self-assembly combined with dynamic network formation, thus allowing macroscopic chirality synchronization. These achiral molecules, combining a transiently chiral bent core with multiple alkyl chains, provide a unique link between the mirror symmetry breaking phenomena observed for polycatenar and bent-core mesogens. The homogeneously chiral networks are of interest for application as chiral materials, and as templates for chiral recognition, separation and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Reppe
- Institute of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 , 06120 Halle , Germany .
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Institute of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 , 06120 Halle , Germany .
| | - Xiaoqian Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials , Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , P. R. China .
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials , Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , P. R. China .
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials , Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , P. R. China .
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 , 06120 Halle , Germany .
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Kawafuchi A, Kutsumizu S, Kawase Y, Tokiwa I, Udagawa T, Miwa Y. Molecular design of anti-spindle-like molecules by use of siloxanyl terminals for a thermotropic bicontinuous cubic phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10132-10141. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By modifying the three molecular moieties, siloxane terminal, alkyl spacer, and aromatic core part, the molecular requirements for the formation of bicontinuous cubic phases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kawafuchi
- Applied Chemistry Division
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Yuki Kawase
- Materials Chemistry Course
- Department of Materials Science and Processing, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Issei Tokiwa
- Applied Chemistry Division
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Gifu 501-1193
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Yamamura Y, Nakazawa Y, Kutsumizu S, Saito K. Molecular packing in two bicontinuous Ia3[combining macron]d gyroid phases of calamitic cubic mesogens BABH(n): roles in structural stability and reentrant behavior. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23705-23712. [PMID: 31633143 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Bis(4'-n-alkoxybenzoyl)hydrazine [BABH(n), n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain] exhibits two different Ia3[combining macron]d cubic phases depending on the chain length (5 ≤n≤ 13 and 15 ≤n≤ 22). The molecular packing modes, not only of molecular cores but also of alkyl chains, are investigated through a maximum entropy method (MEM) and an analysis of the chain-length dependence of the body diagonal of the unit cell. The analyses revealed the difference in molecular packing. The short-chain Ia3[combining macron]d structure of BABH(n) (5 ≤n≤ 13) is constructed by single-layered core motifs and bilayers of alkyl chains, in which the orientation is tilted from the normal to the layer. The long-chain Ia3[combining macron]d structure (15 ≤n≤ 22) is formed by double-layered core motifs and monolayers of alkyl chains, in which the orientation is normal to the layer. Based on the molecular packing modes, the reentrant behavior between the two Ia3[combining macron]d phases was clarified. It was revealed that the alkyl chains of BABH(n) molecules play an essential role in the formation and stability of the two Ia3[combining macron]d structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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Westphal E, Gallardo H, Poppe S, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Controlling the soft self-assembly of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by carbosilane end-groups. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vogel L, Janietz D, Prehm M, Tschierske C. Polyphilic hydrogen bonded block molecules involving semiperfluorinated and silylated molecular fragments. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7188-7196. [PMID: 28930361 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazines grafted with one or two semiperfluorinated chains at the phenyl substituent have been investigated in binary mixtures with one-chain and two-chain oligo(dimethylsiloxy) terminated 4-alkoxy- and 3,4-dialkoxybenzoic acids. Equimolar mixtures of the triazines with the complementary acids form discrete double hydrogen-bonded heterodimers with an elongated central core. Mesomorphic properties are observed only if at least two terminal fluoroalkyl chains are attached to the triazine entity. Three to four heterodimers generate aggregates with preferably parallel adjusted rod-like H-bonded cores. The space requirement of the segregated peripheral fluoroalkyl and oligosiloxane segments considerably exceeds that of the central core region, leading to an overall circular geometry of the associates which organize in columnar LC phases. The chains initiate a local segregation which is however not long range and retains a time and space averaged two-dimensional hexagonal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vogel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Geiselbergstr. 69, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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