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Alamgir M, Mahapatra S. Optimal control of N-H photodissociation of pyridinyl. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074303. [PMID: 38375903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-H photodissociation dynamics of the pyridinyl radical upon continuous excitation to the optically bright, first excited ππ* electronic state by an ultra-violet (UV) laser pulse has been investigated within the mathematical framework of optimal control theory. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed as the optimization protocol. We considered a three-state and three-mode model Hamiltonian, which includes the reaction coordinate, R (a1 symmetry); the coupling coordinates (namely, out-of-plane bending coordinate of the hydrogen atom of azine group), Θ (b1 symmetry); and the wagging mode, Q9 (a2 symmetry). The three electronic states are the ground, ππ*, and πσ* states. The πσ* state crosses both the ground state and the ππ* state, and it is a repulsive state on which N-H dissociation occurs upon photoexcitation. Different vibrational wave functions along the coupling coordinates, Θ and Q9, of the ground electronic state are used as the initial condition for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal UV laser pulse is designed by applying the GA, which maximizes the dissociation yield. We obtained over 95% dissociation yield through the πσ* asymptote using the optimal pulse of a time duration of ∼30 000 a.u. (∼725.66 fs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alamgir
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Susanta Mahapatra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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2
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Morawski OW, Gawryś P, Sobolewski AL. Harnessing Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer for Hydrogenation of Aza-Arenes: Photochemistry of Quinoxaline Derivatives in Methanol. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8871-8881. [PMID: 37842877 PMCID: PMC10614181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Three quinoxaline derivatives are investigated both experimentally and theoretically to assess their ability for the methanol oxidation and harvesting of hydrogen. In inert solvents, the nonplanar compounds exhibit very weak fluorescence from the lowest excited singlet state, whereas the planar and rigid chromophore emits non-Kasha fluorescence from the S2(ππ*) state despite the proximity of the S1(nπ*) state. In methanol, hydrogen-bonded complexes with solvent molecules are formed, and in all chromophores, the lowest singlet state is populated after excitation of the S2(ππ*) state. The switch from non-Kasha emission of the planar compound in inert solvents to regular emission in methanol is related to reduced symmetry of the hydrogen-bonded complex with methanol which results in effective mixing of ππ* and nπ* states and fast internal conversion to the lowest excited singlet state. The S1(nπ*) state of the hydrogen-bonded complex has charge-transfer character, and for all compounds in methanol, hydrogen transfer to the chromophore is observed. The chromophores retain the transferred hydrogen atoms, serving both as photocatalysts and as hydrogen storage materials. Undesired dark side reactions that occur are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf W. Morawski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gawryś
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Domcke W, Sobolewski AL. Water Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution with Organic Photooxidants: A Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2777-2788. [PMID: 35385277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss a novel water-splitting scenario, namely the direct oxidation of water molecules by organic photooxidants in hydrogen-bonded chromophore-water complexes. In comparison with the established scenario of semiconductor-based water splitting, the distance of electron transfer processes is thereby reduced from mesoscopic scales to the Ångström scale, and the time scale is reduced from milliseconds to femtoseconds, which suppresses competing loss processes. The concept is illustrated by computational studies for the heptazine-H2O complex. The excited-state landscape of this complex has been characterized with ab initio electronic-structure methods and the proton-coupled electron-transfer dynamics has been explored with nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. A unique feature of the heptazine chromophore is the existence of a low-lying and exceptionally long-lived 1ππ* state in which a substantial part of the photon energy can be stored for hundreds of nanoseconds and is available for the oxidation of water molecules. The calculations reveal that the absorption spectra and the photochemical functionalities of heptazine chromophores can be systematically tailored by chemical substitution. The options of harvesting hydrogen and the problems posed by the high reactivity of OH radicals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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4
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Morawski O, Gawryś P, Sadło J, Sobolewski AL. Photochemical Hydrogen Storage with Hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200077. [PMID: 35377513 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
When irradiated with violet light, hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN) extracts a hydrogen atom from an alcohol forming a long-living hydrogenated species. The kinetic isotope effect for fluorescence decay in deuterated methanol (1.56) indicates that the lowest singlet excited state of the molecule is a precursor for intermolecular hydrogen transfer. The photochemical hydrogenation occurs in several alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) but not in water. Hydrogenated HATN can be detected optically by an absorption band at 1.78 eV as well as with EPR and NMR techniques. Mass spectroscopy of photoproducts reveal di-hydrogenated HATN structures along with methoxylated and methylated HATN molecules which are generated through the reaction with methoxy radicals (remnants from alcohol splitting). Experimental findings are consistent with the theoretical results which predicted that for the excited state of the HATN-solvent molecular complex, there exists a barrierless hydrogen transfer from methanol but a barrier for the similar oxidation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences: Instytut Fizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Radiation and Spectroscopy, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, POLAND
| | - Paweł Gawryś
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences: Instytut Fizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Radiation and Spectroscopy, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warszawa, POLAND
| | - Jarosław Sadło
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Spectroscopy, ul. Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, POLAND
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences: Instytut Fizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Radiation and Spectroscopy, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, POLAND
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5
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Bertier P, Lavy L, Comte D, Feketeová L, Salbaing T, Azuma T, Calvo F, Farizon B, Farizon M, Märk TD. Energy Dispersion in Pyridinium-Water Nanodroplets upon Irradiation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10235-10242. [PMID: 35382340 PMCID: PMC8973082 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Postirradiation dissociation of molecular clusters has been mainly studied assuming energy redistribution in the entire cluster prior to the dissociation. Here, the evaporation of water molecules from out-of-equilibrium pyridinium-water cluster ions was investigated using the recently developed correlated ion and neutral time-of-flight (COINTOF) mass spectrometry technique in combination with a velocity-map imaging (VMI) device. This special setup enables the measurement of velocity distributions of the evaporated molecules upon high-velocity collisions with an argon atom. The distributions measured for pyridinium-water cluster ions are found to have two distinct components. Besides a low-velocity contribution, which corresponds to the statistical evaporation of water molecules after nearly complete redistribution of the excitation energy within the clusters, a high-velocity contribution is also found in which the molecules are evaporated before the energy redistribution is complete. These two different evaporation modes were previously observed and described for protonated water cluster ions. However, unlike in the case of pure water clusters, the low-velocity part of the distributions for pyridinium-doped water clusters is itself composed of two distinct Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, indicating that evaporated molecules originate in this case from out-of-equilibrium processes. Statistical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to (i) understand the effects caused in the ensuing evaporation process by the various excitation modes at different initial cluster constituents and to (ii) simulate the distributions resulting from sequential evaporations. The presence of a hydrophobic impurity in water clusters is shown to impact water molecule evaporation due to the energy storage in the internal degrees of freedom of the impurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bertier
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Atomic,
Molecular & Optics (AMO) Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
| | - Léo Lavy
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Denis Comte
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Linda Feketeová
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thibaud Salbaing
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Toshiyuki Azuma
- Atomic,
Molecular & Optics (AMO) Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
| | - Florent Calvo
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bernadette Farizon
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Farizon
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon/IN2P3,
UMR5822, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tilmann D. Märk
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Huang X, Domcke W. Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Surface-Hopping Trajectory Simulations of Photocatalytic Water Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution with the Heptazine Chromophore. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9917-9931. [PMID: 34748705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, polymeric carbon nitrides consisting of heptazine (Hz) building blocks emerged as highly promising materials for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water or sacrificial electron donors with near-ultraviolet light. However, the complexity of these materials and their poor characterization at the atomic level are detrimental to the unraveling of the detailed mechanisms of the reactions leading to hydrogen evolution. Recently, it has been shown that a derivative of the Hz molecule, trianisole-heptazine (TAHz), is a potent photobase, which readily oxidizes various derivatives of phenol and even water by an excited-state proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reaction. Energy profiles along minimum-energy reaction paths and relaxed PCET potential-energy surfaces, which previously were computed with ab initio electronic-structure methods for complexes of Hz and TAHz with protic substrates, led to qualitative insights. To obtain more quantitative insight, reaction dynamics simulations are required. In the present work, the time scales of the electron and proton transfer processes and the branching ratios of competing channels were explored with ab initio on-the-fly quasiclassical surface-hopping trajectory simulations for the hydrogen-bonded Hz-H2O complex. By the analysis of representative trajectories, detailed insight into the interplay of various nonadiabatic electronic transitions, electron transfer, proton transfer, and vibrational energy relaxation is obtained. The HzH radicals which are formed by the photoreduction of Hz can disproportionate to Hz and HzH2 in an exothermic reaction with a low reaction barrier. The time scales and branching ratios of competing channels in H-atom photodetachment from the HzH2 molecule also were explored with ab initio surface-hopping simulations. These results delineate for the first time a quantitatively supported scenario of water oxidation and hydrogen evolution with a molecular carbon nitride photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching D-85747, Germany
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7
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Karas LJ, Wu CH, Wu JI. Barrier-Lowering Effects of Baird Antiaromaticity in Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17970-17974. [PMID: 34672631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many popular organic chromophores that catalyze photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions are aromatic in the ground state but become excited-state antiaromatic in the lowest ππ* state. We show that excited-state antiaromaticity makes electron transfer easier. Two representative photoinduced electron transfer processes are investigated: (1) the photolysis of phenol and (2) solar water splitting of a pyridine-water complex. In the selected reactions, the directions of electron transfer are opposite, but the net result is proton transfer following the direction of electron transfer. Nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), ionization energies, electron affinities, and PCET energy profiles of selected [4n] and [4n + 2] π-systems are presented, and important mechanistic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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8
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9
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Jouvet C, Miyazaki M, Fujii M. Revealing the role of excited state proton transfer (ESPT) in excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT): systematic study in phenol-(NH 3) n clusters. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3836-3856. [PMID: 34163653 PMCID: PMC8179502 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06877b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited State Hydrogen Transfer (ESHT), proposed at the end of the 20th century by the corresponding authors, has been observed in many neutral or protonated molecules and become a new paradigm to understand excited state dynamics/photochemistry of aromatic molecules. For example, a significant number of photoinduced proton-transfer reactions from X–H bonds have been re-defined as ESHT, including those of phenol, indole, tryptophan, aromatic amino acid cations and so on. Photo-protection mechanisms of biomolecules, such as isolated nucleic acids of DNA, are also discussed in terms of ESHT. Therefore, a systematic and up-to-date description of ESHT mechanism is important for researchers in chemistry, biology and related fields. In this review, we will present a general model of ESHT which unifies the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) and the ESHT mechanisms and reveals the hidden role of ESPT in controlling the reaction rate of ESHT. For this purpose, we give an overview of experimental and theoretical work on the excited state dynamics of phenol–(NH3)n clusters and related molecular systems. The dynamics has a significant dependence on the number of solvent molecules in the molecular cluster. Three-color picosecond time-resolved IR/near IR spectroscopy has revealed that ESHT becomes an electron transfer followed by a proton transfer in highly solvated clusters. The systematic change from ESHT to decoupled electron/proton transfer according to the number of solvent molecules is rationalized by a general model of ESHT including the role of ESPT. A general model of excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT) which unifies ESHT and the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) is presented from experimental and theoretical works on phenol–(NH3)n. The hidden role of ESPT is revealed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Jouvet
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moleculaires (PIIM), UMR 7345 13397 Marseille Cedex France .,World Research Hub Initiatives, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8610 Japan.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- World Research Hub Initiatives, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan.,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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10
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Feng JY, Lee YP, Zhu CY, Hsu PJ, Kuo JL, Ebata T. IR-VUV spectroscopy of pyridine dimers, trimers and pyridine-ammonia complexes in a supersonic jet. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21520-21534. [PMID: 32955537 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The infrared spectra of the C-H stretching vibrations of (pyridine)m, m = 1-3, and the N-H stretching vibrations of (pyridine)m-(NH3)n, m = 1, 2; n = 1-4, complexes were investigated by infrared (IR)-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy under jet-cooled conditions. The ionization potential (IP0) of the pyridine monomer was determined to be 74 546 cm-1 (9.242 eV), while its complexes showed only smooth curves of the ionization thresholds at ∼9 eV, indicating large structural changes in the ionic form. The pyridine monomer exhibits five main features with several satellite bands in the C-H stretching region at 3000-3200 cm-1. Anharmonic calculations including Fermi-resonance were carried out to analyze the candidates of the overtone and combination bands which can couple to the C-H stretching fundamentals. For (pyridine)2 and (pyridine)3, most C-H bands are blue-shifted by 3-5 cm-1 from those of the monomer. The structures revealed by random searching algorithms with density functional methods indicate that the π-stacked structure is most stable for (pyridine)2, while (pyridine)3 prefers the structures stabilized by dipole-dipole and C-Hπ interactions. For the (pyridine)m-(NH3)n complexes, the mass spectrum exhibited a wide range distribution of the complexes. The observed IR spectra in the N-H stretching vibrations of the complexes showed four main bands in the 3200-3450 cm-1 region. These features are very similar to those of (NH3)n complexes, and the bands are assigned to the anti-symmetric N-H stretching band (ν3), the symmetric N-H stretching (ν1) band, and the first overtone bands of the N-H bending vibrations (2ν4). The anharmonic calculations including the Fermi-resonance between ν1 and 2ν4 well reproduced the observed spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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11
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Huang X, Aranguren JP, Ehrmaier J, Noble JA, Xie W, Sobolewski AL, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C, Domcke W. Photoinduced water oxidation in pyrimidine-water clusters: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12502-12514. [PMID: 32452507 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of water with molecular or polymeric N-heterocyclic chromophores is a topic of high current interest in the context of artificial photosynthesis, that is, the conversion of solar energy to clean fuels. Hydrogen-bonded clusters of N-heterocycles with water molecules in a molecular beam are simple model systems for which the basic mechanisms of photochemical water oxidation can be studied under well-defined conditions. In this work, we explored the photoinduced H-atom transfer reaction in pyrimidine-water clusters yielding pyrimidinyl and hydroxyl radicals with laser spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and trajectory-based ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The oxidation of water by photoexcited pyrimidine is unequivocally confirmed by the detection of the pyrimidinyl radical. The dynamics simulations provide information on the time scales and branching ratios of the reaction. While relaxation to local minima of the S1 potential-energy surface is the dominant reaction channel, the H-atom transfer reaction occurs on ultrafast time scales (faster than about 100 fs) with a branching ratio of a few percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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12
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Yamada Y, Goto Y, Higuchi S, Nibu Y. Drastic Change in Electronic Transition upon Hydrogen Bond Network Switching in 3-Aminopyridine-(H 2O) n Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3728-3734. [PMID: 30964286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydration structures of 3-aminopyridine (3AP)-(H2O) n ( n = 2-4) in supersonic jets have been investigated by measuring the electronic and vibrational spectra with the aid of quantum chemical calculations. The S1-S0 electronic transition of 3AP-(H2O)2 is observed at a slightly red-shifted position from 3AP-(H2O)1, while further hydration induces drastic red shifts and complicated vibrational structures. We assign the cluster structures of 3AP-(H2O)2 as a cyclic structure composed of the homodromic hydrogen bond (H-bond) chain connecting the pyridyl CH bond acting as the proton donor toward a pyridyl nitrogen acceptor. For 3AP-(H2O) n ( n = 3, 4), on the other hand, the initial donor site in the H-bond network changes from a pyridyl CH group to an amino group. The observed red shift derived from H-bond network switching can be reproduced very well with the S1-S0 origin band estimation obtained by applying geometry optimization and subsequent harmonic vibrational analysis of (TD-)DFT calculations to each electronic state of the isomer structure. It is suggested that the drastic red shift of the electronic transition upon H-bond network switching is due to a much more stabilized "quinoid-like" structure in the ππ* state by the H-bond formation of an amino group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Fukuoka University , Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 , Japan
| | - Yuji Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Fukuoka University , Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 , Japan
| | - Seiichi Higuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Fukuoka University , Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nibu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Fukuoka University , Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 , Japan
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13
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Ehrmaier J, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. Role of the Pyridinyl Radical in the Light-Driven Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: A First-Principles Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3678-3684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ehrmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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14
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Pang X, Jiang C, Xie W, Domcke W. Photoinduced electron-driven proton transfer from water to an N-heterocyclic chromophore: nonadiabatic dynamics studies for pyridine–water clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14073-14079. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We performed the excited-state dynamics simulations for pyridine–water clusters and found the more water molecules involved in the cluster, the higher efficiency the water-splitting reaction has, which is qualitatively in consistent with a recent gas-phase experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Pang
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices
- China
- Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices
- China
- Department of Applied Physics
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85747 Garching
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Munich
- D-85747 Garching
- Germany
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15
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Pang X, Ehrmaier J, Wu X, Jiang C, Xie W, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. Photoinduced hydrogen-transfer reactions in pyridine-water clusters: Insights from excited-state electronic-structure calculations. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Esteves-López N, Coussan S. UV photochemistry of pyridine-water and pyridine-ammonia complexes trapped in cryogenic matrices. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Domcke W, Ehrmaier J, Sobolewski AL. Solar Energy Harvesting with Carbon Nitrides and N-Heterocyclic Frameworks: Do We Understand the Mechanism? CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes Ehrmaier
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Munich; 85747 Garching Germany
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18
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Ribeiro FDA, Rudek B, Cerqueira HBA, Oliveira RR, Rocha AB, Rocco MLM, Wolff W. Fragment and cluster ions from gaseous and condensed pyridine produced under electron impact. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25762-25771. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ion-distribution from condensed pyridine due to 2 keV electron impact shows hydrogenated fragments and clusters with m/z ≤ 320 u and shifts towards higher masses compared to the gas-phase fragmentation. The formation of a bond between the pyridine and a carbenium ion is crucial for the stability of the selected cluster ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio de A. Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
- Braunschweig
- Germany
- Physics Dept
- Boston University
| | | | | | | | | | - Wania Wolff
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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19
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Chakraborty P, Karsili TNV, Marchetti B, Matsika S. Mechanistic insights into photoinduced damage of DNA and RNA nucleobases in the gas phase and in bulk solution. Faraday Discuss 2018; 207:329-350. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic details of well-known photohydrate lesions are explored using state-of-the-art computational methods.
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20
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Ehrmaier J, Karsili TNV, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. Mechanism of Photocatalytic Water Splitting with Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Photochemistry of the Heptazine-Water Complex. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4754-4764. [PMID: 28592110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Impressive progress has recently been achieved in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with polymeric carbon nitride materials consisting of heptazine building blocks. However, the fundamental mechanistic principles of the catalytic cycle are as yet poorly understood. Here, we provide first-principles computational evidence that water splitting with heptazine-based materials can be understood as a molecular excited-state reaction taking place in hydrogen-bonded heptazine-water complexes. The oxidation of water occurs homolytically via an electron/proton transfer from water to heptazine, resulting in ground-state heptazinyl and OH radicals. It is shown that the excess hydrogen atom of the heptazinyl radical can be photodetached by a second photon, which regenerates the heptazine molecule. Alternatively to the photodetachment reaction, two heptazinyl radicals can recombine in a dark reaction to form H2, thereby regenerating two heptazine molecules. The proposed molecular photochemical reaction scheme within hydrogen-bonded chromophore-water complexes is complementary to the traditional paradigm of photocatalytic water splitting, which assumes the separation of electrons and holes over substantial time scales and distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ehrmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching, Germany
| | - Tolga N V Karsili
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching, Germany
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21
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Ehrmaier J, Picconi D, Karsili TNV, Domcke W. Photodissociation dynamics of the pyridinyl radical: Time-dependent quantum wave-packet calculations. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:124304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4978283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ehrmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Picconi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tolga N. V. Karsili
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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